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Showing drug card for Prednisolone (DB00860)

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Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-06-13 13:24:05
Update Date 2009-02-19 16:04:32
Primary Accession Number DB00860
Secondary Accession Number
  • APRD00197
Name Prednisolone
Drug Type
  • Approved
  • Small Molecule
Description A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states. [PubChem]
Synonyms
  1. Deltahydrocortisone
  2. Methylprednisolone Acetate
  3. PRDL
  4. Predisolone Sodium Phosphate
  5. Prednisolona [INN-Spanish]
  6. Prednisolone Acetate
  7. Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate
  8. Prednisolone Tebutate
  9. Prednisolonum [INN-Latin]
Brand Names
  1. Ak-Pred
  2. Ak-Tate
  3. Alphadrol
  4. Articulose-50
  5. Co-Hydeltra
  6. Codelcortone
  7. Cordrol
  8. Cortalone
  9. Cotogesic
  10. Cotolone
  11. Decaprednil
  12. Decortin H
  13. Delcortol
  14. Delta F
  15. Delta-Cortef
  16. Delta-Stab
  17. Deltacortenol
  18. Deltacortril
  19. Deltacortril Enteric
  20. Deltasolone
  21. Deltisilone
  22. Depo-Medrol
  23. Derpo Pd
  24. Dexa-Cortidelt Hostacortin H
  25. Di-Adreson F
  26. Dicortol
  27. Donisolone
  28. Dydeltrone
  29. Eazolin D
  30. Econopred
  31. Econopred Plus
  32. Erbacort
  33. Erbasona
  34. Estilsona
  35. Fernisolone
  36. Fernisolone P
  37. Fernisolone-P
  38. Flamasone
  39. Hostacortin H
  40. Hydeltra
  41. Hydeltra-Tba
  42. Hydeltrasol
  43. Hydeltrone
  44. Hydrodeltalone
  45. Hydrodeltisone
  46. Hydroretrocortin
  47. Hydroretrocortine
  48. I-Pred
  49. Inflamase Forte
  50. Inflamase Mild
  51. Key-Pred
  52. Klismacort
  53. Lentosone
  54. Lite Pred
  55. M-Predrol
  56. Medrol
  57. Medrol Acetate
  58. Metacortandralone
  59. Meti-Derm
  60. Meticortelone
  61. Metreton
  62. Nisolone
  63. Nor-Pred T.B.A.
  64. Ocu-Pred
  65. Ocu-Pred Forte
  66. Ophtho-Tate
  67. Orapred
  68. Panafcortelone
  69. Paracortol
  70. Paracotol
  71. Pediapred
  72. Precortalon
  73. Precortancyl
  74. Precortilon
  75. Precortisyl
  76. Pred Forte
  77. Pred Mild
  78. Predair
  79. Predair A
  80. Predair Forte
  81. Predalone 50
  82. Predalone T.B.A.
  83. Predate Tba
  84. Predate-50
  85. Predcor-25
  86. Predcor-50
  87. Predcor-Tba
  88. Predne-Dome
  89. Prednelan
  90. Predni-Dome
  91. Prednicen
  92. Predniliderm
  93. Predniretard
  94. Prednis
  95. Predonin
  96. Predonine
  97. Prelone
  98. Prenolone
  99. Rolisone
  100. Scherisolon
  101. Solone
  102. Steran
  103. Sterane
  104. Sterolone
  105. Supercortisol
  106. Ulacort
  107. Ultra Pred
  108. Ultracorten H
  109. Ultracortene H
  110. Ultracortene-H
  111. Ultracortene-Hydrogen
Brand Mixtures
  1. Ak Cide Oph Soln (Prednisolone Acetate + Sulfacetamide Sodium)
  2. Blephamide Oph Ont (Prednisolone Acetate + Sulfacetamide Sodium)
  3. Blephamide Opht Suspension (Prednisolone Acetate + Sulfacetamide Sodium)
  4. Canaural (Diethanolamine Fusidate + Framycetin Sulfate + Nystatin + Prednisolone)
  5. Chlorasone (Chloramphenicol + Prednisolone Acetate)
  6. Delta-Albaplex Tablets (Novobiocin (Novobiocin Sodium) + Prednisolone + Tetracycline Hydrochloride)
  7. Dioptimyd Ointment (Prednisolone Acetate + Sulfacetamide Sodium)
  8. Dioptimyd Suspension (Prednisolone Acetate + Sulfacetamide Sodium)
  9. Liquichlor (Chloramphenicol + Prednisolone + Squalane + Tetracaine)
  10. Metimyd Oph Sus (Prednisolone Acetate + Sulfacetamide Sodium)
  11. Optisone (Neomycin + Prednisolone)
  12. Pred C Tab (Aluminum Hydroxide + Prednisolone + Salicylamide + Vitamin C)
  13. Prednisize Solution (Camphor + Chlorophenol + Cresyl Acetate + Prednisolone)
  14. Quiex-Pred Sus (Aminophylline + Guaifenesin + Prednisolone)
  15. Surolan Drops (Miconazole Nitrate + Polymyxin B Sulfate + Prednisolone Acetate)
  16. Vanectyl-P Tablets (Prednisolone + Trimeprazine Tartrate)
  17. Vasocidin Ophthalmic Solution (Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate + Sulfacetamide Sodium)
Chemical IUPAC Name (8S,9S,10R,11S,13S,14S,17R)-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
Chemical Formula C21H28O5
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 50-24-8
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C21H28O5/c1-19-7-5-13(23)9-12(19)3-4-14-15-6-8-21(26,17(25)11-22)20(15,2)10-16(24)18(14)19/h5,7,9,14-16,18,22,24,26H,3-4,6,8,10-11H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16-,18+,19-,20-,21-/m0/s1
InChI Key OIGNJSKKLXVSLS-VWUMJDOOBF
KEGG Drug D00472 Link Image
KEGG Compound C07369 Link Image
PubChem Compound 5755 Link Image
PubChem Substance 148534 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
PharmGKB ID PA451096 Link Image
HET ID DEX Link Image
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] 02245532 Link Image
RxList Link http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/prednisolone.htm Link Image
PDRhealth Link Not Available
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prednisolone Link Image
FDA Label
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Synthesis Reference Not Available
Average Molecular Weight 360.4440
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 360.1937
State Solid
Melting Point 235 oC
Experimental Water Solubility 223 mg/L Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 2.39e-01 mg/mL Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 1 Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP 1.66 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS -3.21 [ADME Research, USCD]
Predicted LogS -3.18 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability Not Available
pKa/Isoelectric Point Not Available
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Isomeric SMILES C[C@]12C[C@H](O)[C@H]3[C@@H](CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]34C)[C@@H]1CC[C@]2(O)C(=O)CO
Canonical SMILES CC12CC(O)C3C(CCC4=CC(=O)C=CC34C)C1CCC2(O)C(=O)CO
Drug Category
  • Adrenergic Agents
  • Anti-inflammatory Agents
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal
  • Glucocorticoids
ATC Codes
AHFS Codes
  • 52:08.08
  • 68:04.00
Indication For the treatment of primary or secondary adrenocortical insufficiency, such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia, thyroiditis. Also used to treat psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, bursitis, acute gouty arthritis and epicondylitis. Also indicated for treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, pemphigus and acute rhematic carditis. Can be used in the treatment of leukemias, lymphomas, thrombocytopenia purpura and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Can be used to treat celiac disease, insulin resistance, ulcerative colitis and liver disorders.
Pharmacology Prednisolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid used as antiinflammatory or immunosuppressive agent. Prednisolone is indicated in the treatment of various conditions, including congenital adrenal hyperplasia, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, bullous dermatitis herpetiformis, seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis, allergic corneal marginal ulcers, symptomatic sarcoidosis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults, leukemias and lymphomas in adults, and ulcerative colitis. Glucocorticoids are adrenocortical steroids and cause profound and varied metabolic effects. In addition, they modify the body's immune responses to diverse stimuli.
Mechanism of Action Glucocorticoids such as Prednisolone can inhibit leukocyte infiltration at the site of inflammation, interfere with mediators of inflammatory response, and suppress humoral immune responses. The antiinflammatory actions of glucocorticoids are thought to involve phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, lipocortins, which control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Prednisolone reduces inflammatory reaction by limiting the capillary dilatation and permeability of the vascular structures. These compounds restrict the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages and reduce the release of vasoactive kinins. Recent research suggests that corticosteroids may inhibit the release of arachidonic acid from phospholipids, thereby reducing the formation of prostaglandins. Prednisolone is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. On binding, the corticoreceptor-ligand complex translocates itself into the cell nucleus, where it binds to many glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) in the promoter region of the target genes. The DNA bound receptor then interacts with basic transcription factors, causing an increase or decrease in expression of specific target genes, including suppression of IL2 (interleukin 2) expression.
Absorption Readily absorbed by gastrointestinal tract, peak plasma concentration is reached 1-2 hours after administration.
Toxicity LD50=500 mg/kg (oral, rat), short-term side effects include high blood glucose levels and fluid retention. Long term side effects include Cushing's syndrome, weight gain, osteoporosis, glaucoma, type II diabetes and adrenal suppression.
Protein Binding Very high (>90%)
Biotransformation Excreted in the urine as either free or glucoconjugate.
Half Life 2-3 hours
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Liquid Oral
Solution Oral
Solution / drops Ophthalmic
Suspension Ophthalmic
Tablet Oral
Patient Information Show Link Image
Contraindications Show Link Image
Interactions Not Available
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Acenocoumarol The corticosteroid alters the anticoagulant effect
Ambenonium The corticosteroid decreases the effect of anticholinesterases
Amobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Anisindione The corticosteroid alters the anticoagulant effect
Aprobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Aspirin The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylates
Bismuth Subsalicylate The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylates
Butabarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Butalbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Butethal The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Chlorotrianisene The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroid
Clomifene The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroid
Conjugated Estrogens The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroid
Dicumarol The corticosteroid alters the anticoagulant effect
Diethylstilbestrol The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroid
Dihydroquinidine barbiturate The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Edrophonium The corticosteroid decreases the effect of anticholinesterases
Estradiol The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroid
Estriol The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroid
Estrone The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroid
Estropipate The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroid
Ethinyl Estradiol The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroid
Ethotoin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Fosphenytoin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Heptabarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Hexobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Itraconazole The imidazole increases the effect and toxicity of the corticosteroid
Ketoconazole The imidazole increases the effect and toxicity of the corticosteroid
Mephenytoin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Mestranol The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroid
Methohexital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Methylphenobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Midodrine Increased arterial pressure
Neostigmine The corticosteroid decreases the effect of anticholinesterases
Pentobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Phenobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Phenytoin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Primidone The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Pyridostigmine The corticosteroid decreases the effect of anticholinesterases
Quinestrol The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroid
Quinidine barbiturate The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Rifampin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Salicylate-magnesium The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylates
Salicylate-sodium The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylates
Salsalate The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylates
Secobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Talbutal The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Trisalicylate-choline The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylates
Warfarin The corticosteroid alters the anticoagulant effect
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol. Avoid caffeine.
  • Take with food to reduce gastric irritation.
Pathways Not Available
General References
  1. Drugs.com Link Image
  2. Wikipedia Link Image
  3. RxList Link Image
Organisms Affected
  • Humans and other mammals
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzymes
  1. Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)
Targets
  1. Corticosteroid-binding globulin
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 Name Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)
Enzyme 1 Gene Name CYP3A4
Enzyme 1 SwissProt ID P08684 Link Image
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >sp|P08684|CP3A4_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 3A4 (EC 1.14.13.67)
ALIPDLAMETWLLLAVSLVLLYLYGTHSHGLFKKLGIPGPTPLPFLGNILSYHKGFCMFD
MECHKKYGKVWGFYDGQQPVLAITDPDMIKTVLVKECYSVFTNRRPFGPVGFMKSAISIA
EDEEWKRLRSLLSPTFTSGKLKEMVPIIAQYGDVLVRNLRREAETGKPVTLKDVFGAYSM
DVITSTSFGVNIDSLNNPQDPFVENTKKLLRFDFLDPFFLSITVFPFLIPILEVLNICVF
PREVTNFLRKSVKRMKESRLEDTQKHRVDFLQLMIDSQNSKETESHKALSDLELVAQSII
FIFAGYETTSSVLSFIMYELATHPDVQQKLQEEIDAVLPNKAPPTYDTVLQMEYLDMVVN
ETLRLFPIAMRLERVCKKDVEINGMFIPKGWVVMIPSYALHRDPKYWTEPEKFLPERFSK
KNKDNIDPYIYTPFGSGPRNCIGMRFALMNMKLALIRVLQNFSFKPCKETQIPLKLSLGG
LLQPEKPVVLKVESRDGTVSGA
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 232
Target 1 Name Corticosteroid-binding globulin
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. CBG
  2. Corticosteroid-binding globulin precursor
  3. Serpin A6
  4. Transcortin
Target 1 Gene Name SERPINA6
Target 1 Protein Sequence >Corticosteroid-binding globulin precursor
MPLLLYTCLLWLPTSGLWTVQAMDPNAAYVNMSNHHRGLASANVDFAFSLYKHLVALSPK
KNIFISPVSISMALAMLSLGTCGHTRAQLLQGLGFNLTERSETEIHQGFQHLHQLFAKSD
TSLEMTMGNALFLDGSLELLESFSADIKHYYESEVLAMNFQDWATASRQINSYVKNKTQG
KIVDLFSGLDSPAILVLVNYIFFKGTWTQPFDLASTREENFYVDETTVVKVPMMLQSSTI
SYLHDSELPCQLVQMNYVGNGTVFFILPDKGKMNTVIAALSRDTINRWSAGLTSSQVDLY
IPKVTISGVYDLGDVLEEMGIADLFTNQANFSRITQDAQLKSSKVVHKAVLQLNEEGVDT
AGSTGVTLNLTSKPIILRFNQPFIIMIFDHFTWSSLFLARVMNPV
Target 1 Number of Residues 411
Target 1 Molecular Weight 45141
Target 1 Theoretical pI 5.94
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
enzyme regulator activity
enzyme inhibitor activity
protease inhibitor activity
endopeptidase inhibitor activity
serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
Process
Not Available
Component
Not Available
Target 1 General Function Involved in serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
Target 1 Specific Function Major transport protein for glucocorticoids and progestins in the blood of almost all vertebrate species
Target 1 Pathways Not Available
Target 1 Reactions Not Available
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function
Target 1 Signals
  • 1-22
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 1 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein 179971 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P08185 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name CBG_HUMAN Link Image
Target 1 PDB ID Not Available
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Secreted protein
Target 1 Gene Sequence >1218 bp
ATGCCACTCCTCCTGTACACCTGTCTTCTCTGGCTGCCCACCAGCGGCCTCTGGACCGTC
CAGGCCATGGATCCTAACGCTGCTTATGTGAACATGAGTAACCATCACCGGGGCCTGGCT
TCAGCCAACGTTGACTTTGCCTTCAGCCTGTATAAGCACCTAGTGGCCTTGAGTCCCAAA
AAGAACATTTTCATCTCCCCTGTGAGCATCTCCATGGCCTTAGCTATGCTGTCCCTGGGC
ACCTGTGGCCACACACGGGCCCAGCTTCTCCAGGGCCTGGGTTTCAACCTCACTGAGAGG
TCTGAGACTGAGATCCACCAGGGTTTCCAGCACCTGCACCAACTCTTTGCAAAGTCAGAC
ACCAGCTTAGAAATGACTATGGGCAATGCCTTGTTTCTTGATGGCAGCCTGGAGTTGCTG
GAGTCATTCTCAGCAGACATCAAGCACTACTATGAGTCAGAGGTCTTGGCTATGAATTTC
CAGGACTGGGCAACAGCCAGCAGACAGATCAACAGCTATGTCAAGAATAAGACACAGGGG
AAAATTGTCGACTTGTTTTCAGGGCTGGATAGCCCAGCCATCCTCGTCCTGGTCAACTAT
ATCTTCTTCAAAGGCACATGGACACAGCCCTTTGACCTGGCAAGCACCAGGGAGGAGAAC
TTCTATGTGGACGAGACAACTGTGGTGAAGGTGCCCATGATGTTGCAGTCGAGCACCATC
AGTTACCTTCATGACTCAGAGCTCCCCTGCCAGCTGGTGCAGATGAACTACGTGGGCAAT
GGGACTGTCTTCTTCATCCTTCCGGACAAGGGGAAGATGAACACAGTCATCGCTGCACTG
AGCCGGGACACGATTAACAGGTGGTCCGCAGGCCTGACCAGCAGCCAGGTGGACCTGTAC
ATTCCAAAGGTCACCATCTCTGGAGTCTATGACCTTGGAGATGTGCTGGAGGAAATGGGC
ATTGCAGACTTGTTCACCAACCAGGCAAATTTCTCACGCATCACCCAGGACGCCCAGCTG
AAGTCATCAAAGGTGGTCCATAAAGCTGTGCTGCAACTCAATGAGGAGGGTGTGGACACA
GCTGGCTCCACTGGGGTCACCCTAAACCTGACGTCCAAGCCTATCATCTTGCGTTTCAAC
CAGCCCTTCATCATCATGATCTTCGACCACTTCACCTGGAGCAGCCTTTTCCTGGCGAGG
GTTATGAACCCAGTGTAA
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID SERPINA6 Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID SERPINA6 Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:1540 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location 14
Target 1 Locus 14q32.1
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 General References
  1. Emptoz-Bonneton A, Cousin P, Seguchi K, Avvakumov GV, Bully C, Hammond GL, Pugeat M: Novel human corticosteroid-binding globulin variant with low cortisol-binding affinity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Jan;85(1):361-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Smith CL, Power SG, Hammond GL: A Leu----His substitution at residue 93 in human corticosteroid binding globulin results in reduced affinity for cortisol. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1992 Aug;42(7):671-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Hammond GL, Smith CL, Goping IS, Underhill DA, Harley MJ, Reventos J, Musto NA, Gunsalus GL, Bardin CW: Primary structure of human corticosteroid binding globulin, deduced from hepatic and pulmonary cDNAs, exhibits homology with serine protease inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Aug;84(15):5153-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Kato EA, Hsu BR, Kuhn RW: Comparative structural analyses of corticosteroid binding globulin. J Steroid Biochem. 1988 Feb;29(2):213-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Bardin CW, Gunsalus GL, Musto NA, Cheng CY, Reventos J, Smith C, Underhill DA, Hammond G: Corticosteroid binding globulin, testosterone-estradiol binding globulin, and androgen binding protein belong to protein families distinct from steroid receptors. J Steroid Biochem. 1988;30(1-6):131-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Van Baelen H, Power SG, Hammond GL: Decreased cortisol-binding affinity of transcortin Leuven is associated with an amino acid substitution at residue-93. Steroids. 1993 Jun;58(6):275-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 1 Drug References
  1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Angeli A, Frajria R, De Paoli R, Fonzo D, Ceresa F: Diurnal variation of prednisolone binding to serum corticosteroid-binding globulin in man. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1978 Jan;23(1):47-53. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Frey BM, Frey FJ: Estimation of transcortin concentration by measurements of plasma protein-binding of prednisolone and by electroimmunodiffusion. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1982 Feb;13(2):245-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Ko HC, Almon RR, Jusko WJ: Effect of corticosteroid binding globulin on the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone in rats. Pharm Res. 1995 Jun;12(6):902-4. [PubMed Link Image]

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.