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targets (2)
for drugs
Identification
Name Neomycin
Accession Number DB00994 (APRD00013)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

A component of neomycin that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). Neomycin is a bactericidal aminoglycoside antibiotic that binds to the 30S ribosome of susceptible organisms. Binding interferes with mRNA binding and acceptor tRNA sites and results in the production of non-functional or toxic peptides.
Structure Thumb
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Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
  • Caswell No. 595
  • Neomycin B Sulfate
  • Neomycin Sulfate
  • Neomycin Sulphate
  • Neomycin trisulfate salt hydrate
  • USAF CB-19
Brand names
  • Biosol
  • Bykomycin
  • Endomixin
  • Fradiomycin
  • Fradiomycin Sulfate
  • Fraquinol
  • Lidamycin Creme
  • Myacine
  • Myacyne
  • Mycifradin
  • Mycifradin-N
  • Myciguent
  • Neo-Fradin
  • Neo-Mantle Creme
  • Neo-Rx
  • Neobiotic
  • Neobrettin
  • Neofracin
  • Neolate
  • Neomix
  • Neosulf
  • Nivemycin
  • Tuttomycin
  • Vonamycin Powder V
Brand name mixtures
  • AK Spor liq (gramicidin + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • AK Trol Suspension (dexamethasone + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Aminoderm Poudre (glycine + l-cysteine + neomycin sulfate + threonine)
  • Anaprime oph gel (flumethasone + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Bacitracin-neomycin polymyxin ont (bacitracin zinc + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Bacitracin-neomycin-polymixin ont (bacitracin zinc + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • bacitracin-neomycin-polymyxin oph ont (bacitracin zinc + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • beef cattle vit ade premix medicated (neomycin sulfate + oxytetracycline hydrochloride + vitamin A + vitamin D3 + vitamin e)
  • Biosol-M-Aquadrops liq (methscopolamine bromide + neomycin sulfate)
  • BNPH ont (bacitracin zinc + hydrocortisone acetate + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Calf scour bolus (atropine sulfate + calcium phosphate + hyoscyamine sulfate + kaolin + neomycin sulfate + pectin + sulfaguanidine + sulfathiazole + vitamin A)
  • Certreat Scours Oblets (chlortetracycline hydrochloride + neomycin sulfate + nicotinic acid + vitamin A + vitamin D)
  • Cicatrin Powder (bacitracin zinc + glycine + l-cysteine + neomycin sulfate + threonine)
  • Co-op pinkeye spray (gentian violet + neomycin sulfate)
  • Cortisporin (bacitracin zinc + hydrocortisone + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Derma-4 ont (neomycin sulfate + nystatin + thiostrepton (antibiotic of a streptomyces species) + triamcinolone acetonide)
  • Dioptrol ointment (dexamethasone + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • dioptrol suspension (dexamethasone + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Diosporin ointment (bacitracin zinc + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Enterolyte (calcium chloride dihydrate + magnesium chloride + neomycin sulfate + potassium acetate + sodium acetate + sodium chloride + sulfamethazine)
  • FML-Neo oph sus (fluorometholone + neomycin sulfate)
  • Forte topical suspension (hydrocortisone acetate + hydrocortisone sodium succinate + neomycin sulfate + penicillin g procaine + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Kaobiotic bolus (kaolin + neomycin sulfate + pectin + sulfadiazine + sulfaguanidine + sulfamerazine + sulfathiazole)
  • Kaobiotic tab (kaolin + neomycin sulfate + pectin + sulfadiazine + sulfaguanidine + sulfamerazine + sulfathiazole)
  • Kenacomb (gramicidin + neomycin sulfate + nystatin + triamcinolone acetonide)
  • Keraplex spray (methyl violet + neomycin sulfate)
  • Lidecomb cream (fluocinonide + gramicidin + neomycin sulfate + nystatin)
  • Mastitis Care (neomycin sulfate + penicillin g potassium + polymyxin B sulfate + streptomycin sulfate)
  • Maxitrol (dexamethasone + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Mecomb Cream 0.1% (gramicidin + neomycin sulfate + nystatin + triamcinolone acetonide)
  • Mycitracin oph ont (bacitracin + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Neo Atropec 25 tab (aluminum hydroxide + atropine methylnitrate + kaolin + neomycin sulfate + pectin + sulfacetamide + sulfaguanidine)
  • Neo Atropec C tab (aluminum hydroxide + atropine methylnitrate + kaolin + neomycin sulfate + pectin + sulfacetamide + sulfaguanidine)
  • Neo Atropec tab (aluminum hydroxide + atropine methylnitrate + kaolin + neomycin sulfate + pectin + sulfacetamide + sulfaguanidine)
  • Neo Chlor Powder (neomycin sulfate + tetracycline hydrochloride)
  • Neo Darbazine Spansule Capsule no 1 (isopropamide iodide + neomycin sulfate + prochlorperazine maleate)
  • Neo Darbazine Spansule no 3 (isopropamide iodide + neomycin sulfate + prochlorperazine maleate)
  • Neo Oxymed Powder (neomycin sulfate + oxytetracycline hydrochloride)
  • Neo P.P.G. (neomycin sulfate + penicillin g potassium)
  • Neo Sulfa-E (calcium chloride + magnesium chloride + neomycin sulfate + potassium acetate + sodium acetate + sodium chloride + sulfamethazine)
  • Neo Sulfalyte Bolus (calcium chloride + magnesium chloride + neomycin sulfate + potassium acetate + sodium acetate + sodium chloride + sulfamethazine)
  • Neo Terramycin Soluble Powder (neomycin sulfate + oxytetracycline hydrochloride)
  • neo-chlor (neomycin sulfate + tetracycline hydrochloride)
  • Neo-Cortef (hydrocortisone acetate + neomycin sulfate)
  • Neo-Medrol (methylprednisolone acetate + neomycin sulfate)
  • Neo-Medrol Acne Lotion (aluminum chlorohydrate + methylprednisolone acetate + neomycin sulfate + sulfur)
  • Neo-Oxytetracycline (neomycin sulfate + oxytetracycline hydrochloride)
  • Neo-Terramycin 50/50 premix (neomycin sulfate + oxytetracycline hydrochloride)
  • Neo-Tet pws (neomycin sulfate + oxytetracycline hydrochloride)
  • Neodecadron Eye Ear Solution 0.1% (dexamethasone phosphate + neomycin sulfate)
  • Neomix-Pamine Solution (methscopolamine bromide + neomycin sulfate)
  • Neopaste (aluminum hydroxide + calcium chloride + magnesium chloride + neomycin sulfate + potassium acetate + sodium acetate + sodium chloride + sulfamethazine + sulfathiazole)
  • Neorease (neomycin sulfate + sulfamethazine + sulfathiazole)
  • Neosol M Aquadrops (methscopolamine bromide + neomycin sulfate)
  • Neospan Mastitis Treatment (neomycin sulfate + penicillin g potassium + polymyxin B sulfate + streptomycin sulfate)
  • Neosporin antibiotic cream (gramicidin + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Neosporin Eye-Ear Solution (gramicidin + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Neosporin Irrigating Solution (neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Neosporin Ointment (bacitracin zinc + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Neosporin Ophthalmic Ointment (bacitracin zinc + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Neosulf (neomycin sulfate + sulfamethazine + sulfathiazole)
  • Neosulf bolus (calcium chloride + magnesium chloride + neomycin sulfate + potassium acetate + sodium acetate + sodium chloride + sulfamethazine)
  • Neosulf Plus bolus (calcium chloride + magnesium chloride + neomycin sulfate + potassium acetate + sodium acetate + sodium chloride + sulfamethazine)
  • Neosulpec (kaolin + neomycin + pectin + sulfaguanidine + sulfamethazine + sulfathiazole)
  • Neotet soluble concentrate (neomycin sulfate + oxytetracycline hydrochloride)
  • Neotetramed Powder (neomycin sulfate + tetracycline hydrochloride)
  • Neotopic ointment (bacitracin zinc + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Neovast tabs (kaolin + neomycin sulfate + pectin + sulfadiazine + sulfaguanidine + sulfamerazine + sulfathiazole)
  • Neox (neomycin sulfate + oxytetracycline hydrochloride)
  • Ophtacin ophtalmic ointment (bacitracin zinc + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Ophtacin-H ophtalmic ointment (bacitracin zinc + hydrocortisone acetate + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Optimyxin Plus Oto-opht GTTE (gramicidin + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Optiprime oph gel (neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Optisone (neomycin + prednisolone)
  • Oribiotic ointment (bacitracin + lidocaine + neomycin sulfate + nystatin + triamcinolone acetonide)
  • Otizol HC liq (hydrocortisone acetate + lidocaine hydrochloride + neomycin sulfate)
  • P.T. Booster (calcium d-pantothenate + neomycin sulfate + nicotinic acid + pyridoxine hydrochloride + streptomycin sulfate + vitamin A + vitamin B1 + vitamin B12 + vitamin B2 + vitamin D3)
  • Panolog cream (neomycin sulfate + nystatin + thiostrepton [antibiotic of a streptomyces species] + triamcinolone acetonide)
  • Panolog ointment (neomycin sulfate + nystatin + thiostrepton [antibiotic of a streptomyces species] + triamcinolone acetonide)
  • Pinkeye Spray (gentian violet + neomycin sulfate)
  • Previte (neomycin sulfate + selenium sulfide + streptomycin sulfate + vitamin A + vitamin D + vitamin e + vitamin K1)
  • Proctosone ont (dibucaine hydrochloride + esculin + hydrocortisone acetate + neomycin sulfate)
  • Proctosone sup (dibucaine hydrochloride + esculin + hydrocortisone acetate + neomycin sulfate)
  • Ratio-Triacomb regular cream (gramicidin + neomycin sulfate + nystatin + triamcinolone acetonide)
  • Sandoz Cortimyxin (bacitracin zinc + hydrocortisone + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Scour bolus plus (calcium carbonate + magnesium oxide + menadione sodium bisulfite + neomycin sulfate + potassium acetate + sodium acetate + sodium chloride + streptomycin sulfate + sulfamerazine + sulfamethazine + sulfanilamide + sulfathiazole + vitamin A + vitamin D)
  • Scour Solution (methscopolamine bromide + neomycin sulfate)
  • Scour solution coop (methscopolamine bromide + neomycin sulfate)
  • Scour suspension (atropine sulfate + calcium phosphate + hyoscyamine sulfate + kaolin + neomycin sulfate + pectin + succinylsulfathiazole)
  • Scour treat liq (neomycin sulfate + sulfamethazine + sulfathiazole)
  • Scour-plug (calcium chloride + magnesium chloride + neomycin sulfate + potassium acetate + sodium acetate + sodium chloride + sulfamethazine)
  • Septomixine Forte (dexamethasone + halethazole tartrate + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate + tyrothricin)
  • Solvaderm ointment (neomycin sulfate + nystatin + thiostrepton [antibiotic of a streptomyces species] + triamcinolone acetonide)
  • Spor-HC otic susp (hydrocortisone + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Sulectim plus scour boluses (calcium carbonate + magnesium oxide + menadione sodium bisulfite + neomycin sulfate + potassium acetate + sodium acetate + sodium chloride + streptomycin sulfate + sulfamerazine + sulfamethazine + sulfanilamide + sulfathiazole sodium + vitamin A + vitamin D)
  • Sulkamycin S Bolettes (neomycin sulfate + sulfamethazine)
  • Synalar Bi-otic solution (fluocinolone acetonide + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Theraderm cream (gramicidin + neomycin sulfate + nystatin + triamcinolone acetonide)
  • Tresaderm dermatologic solution (dexamethasone + neomycin sulfate + thiabendazole)
  • Triple sulfa plus neomycin (neomycin sulfate + sulfamerazine sodium + sulfamethazine sodium + sulfathiazole sodium)
  • Vetropolycin HC ont (bacitracin zinc + hydrocortisone acetate + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B)
  • Vetropolycin ont (bacitracin zinc + neomycin sulfate + polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Viaderm KC Cream (gramicidin + neomycin sulfate + nystatin + triamcinolone acetonide)
  • Viaderm KC ont (gramicidin + neomycin sulfate + nystatin + triamcinolone acetonide)
  • Wound & Pinkeye Spray (gentian violet + neomycin sulfate)
Categories
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Antibiotics
  • Aminoglycosides
CAS number 1404-04-2
Weight Average: 614.6437
Monoisotopic: 614.312285588
Chemical Formula C23H46N6O13
InChI Key InChIKey=PGBHMTALBVVCIT-VCIWKGPPSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C23H46N6O13/c24-2-7-13(32)15(34)10(28)21(37-7)40-18-6(27)1-5(26)12(31)20(18)42-23-17(36)19(9(4-30)39-23)41-22-11(29)16(35)14(33)8(3-25)38-22/h5-23,30-36H,1-4,24-29H2/t5-,6+,7-,8+,9-,10-,11-,12+,13-,14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,19-,20-,21-,22-,23+/m1/s1
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-{[(1R,2R,3S,4R,6S)-4,6-diamino-2-{[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-4-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxy}oxane-3,4-diol
SMILES
NC[C@@H]1O[C@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]3[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C[C@H](N)[C@H]3O[C@H]3O[C@H](CN)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3N)[C@@H]2O)[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Aminoglycosides
Substructures
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Glycerol and Derivatives
  • Hydroxy Compounds
  • Pyrans
  • Acetals and Derivatives
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Ethers
  • Alcohols and Polyols
  • Amino Alcohols
  • Heterocyclic compounds
  • Carbohydrates
  • Furans
Pharmacology
Indication Topical uses include treatment for superficial eye infections caused by susceptible bacteria (used in combination with other antiinfectives), treatment of otitis externa caused by susceptible bacteria, treatment or prevention of bacterial infections in skin lesions, and use as a continuous short-term irrigant or rinse to prevent bacteriuria and gram negative rod bacteremia in abacteriuric patients with indwelling catheters. May be used orally to treat hepatic encephalopathy, as a perioperative prophylactic agent, and as an adjunct to fluid and electrolyte replacement in the treatment of diarrhea caused to enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC).
Pharmacodynamics Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of t-RNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Aminoglycosides are useful primarily in infections involving aerobic, Gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Enterobacter. In addition, some mycobacteria, including the bacteria that cause tuberculosis, are susceptible to aminoglycosides. Infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria can also be treated with aminoglycosides, but other types of antibiotics are more potent and less damaging to the host. In the past the aminoglycosides have been used in conjunction with penicillin-related antibiotics in streptococcal infections for their synergistic effects, particularly in endocarditis. Aminoglycosides are mostly ineffective against anaerobic bacteria, fungi and viruses.
Mechanism of action Aminoglycosides like neomycin "irreversibly" bind to specific 30S-subunit proteins and 16S rRNA. Specifically neomycin binds to four nucleotides of 16S rRNA and a single amino acid of protein S12. This interferes with decoding site in the vicinity of nucleotide 1400 in 16S rRNA of 30S subunit. This region interacts with the wobble base in the anticodon of tRNA. This leads to interference with the initiation complex, misreading of mRNA so incorrect amino acids are inserted into the polypeptide leading to nonfunctional or toxic peptides and the breakup of polysomes into nonfunctional monosomes.
Absorption Poorly absorbed from the normal gastrointestinal tract. Although only approximately 3% of neomycin is absorbed through intact intestinal mucosa, significant amounts may be absorbed through ulcerated or denuded mucosa or if inflammation is present.
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding Protein binding studies have shown that the degree of aminoglycoside protein binding is low and, depending upon the methods used for testing, may be between 0% and 30%.
Metabolism

Neomycin undergoes negligible biotransformation after parenteral administration.
Route of elimination The small absorbed fraction is rapidly distributed in the tissues and is excreted by the kidney in keeping with the degree of kidney function.
Half life 2 to 3 hours
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity LD50 = 200 mg/kg (rat). Because of low absorption, it is unlikely that acute overdosage would occur with oral neomycin. However, prolonged administration could result in sufficient systemic drug levels to produce neurotoxicity, ototoxicity and/or nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity occurs via drug accumulation in renal proximal tubular cells resulting in cellular damage. Tubular cells may regenerate despite continued exposure and nephrotoxicity is usually mild reversible. Neomycin is the most toxic aminoglycoside agent, which is thought to be due to its large number of cationic amino groups. Otoxocity occurs via drug accumulation in the endolymph and perilymph of the inner ear causing irreversible damage to hair cells in the cochlea or summit of ampullar cristae in the vestibular complex. High frequency hearing loss is followed by low frequency hearing loss. Further toxicity may cause retrograde degeneration of the auditory nerve. Vestibular toxicity may result in vertigo, nausea and vomiting, dizziness and loss of balance.
Affected organisms
  • Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
Pathways
Pathway Name SMPDB ID
Smp00256 Neomycin Pathway SMP00256
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • X gen pharmaceuticals inc
  • Pharmacia and upjohn co
  • Pfizer laboratories div pfizer inc
  • Bristol myers squibb co
  • Lannett co inc
  • Eli lilly and co
  • Oman pharmaceutical products co llc
  • Roxane laboratories inc
  • Sandoz inc
  • Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Dressing Topical
Ointment Ophthalmic
Solution / drops Ophthalmic
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Neomycin Sulfate 500 mg tablet 1.39 USD tablet
Neomycin 500 mg tablet 1.25 USD tablet
Neomycin sulfate powder 0.84 USD g
Neo-fradin 125 mg/5 ml soln 0.12 USD ml
Patents Not Available
Properties
State solid
Melting point 6 mg/mL (as sulfate form)
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
logP -7.8 PhysProp
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 6.47e+01 g/l ALOGPS
logP -2.81 ALOGPS
logP -8.42 ChemAxon Molconvert
logS -0.98 ALOGPS
pKa 13.19 ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen acceptor count 19 ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen donor count 13 ChemAxon Molconvert
polar surface area 353.11 ChemAxon Molconvert
rotatable bond count 9 ChemAxon Molconvert
refractivity 135.90 ChemAxon Molconvert
polarizability 60.87 ChemAxon Molconvert
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference Not Available
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Compound C00384 Link_out
PubChem Compound 8378 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46505525 Link_out
ChemSpider 8075 Link_out
ChEBI 7507 Link_out
ChEMBL 7507 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP000036 Link_out
PharmGKB PA450608 Link_out
HET CNY Link_out
Drug Product Database 527750 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/neomy.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/cdi/neomycin.html Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neomycin Link_out
ATC Codes
  • A01AB08
  • A07AA01
  • B05CA09
  • D06AX04
  • J01GB05
  • R02AB01
  • S01AA03
  • S02AA07
  • S03AA01
  • D09AA01
  • S01AA07
AHFS Codes
  • 84:04.04
  • 52:04.04
PDB Entries
FDA label Not Available
MSDS show (72.9 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available
Targets

1. 30S ribosomal protein S12

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

Cryo-EM studies suggest that S12 contacts the EF-Tu bound tRNA in the A-site during codon-recognition. This contact is most likely broken as the aminoacyl-tRNA moves into the peptidyl transferase center in the 50S subunit

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P0A7S3 Link_out
Gene: rpsL
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Gill AE, Amyes SG: The contribution of a novel ribosomal S12 mutation to aminoglycoside resistance of Escherichia coli mutants. J Chemother. 2004 Aug;16(4):347-9. Pubmed
  4. Eisenstein BI, Beachey EH, Ofek I: Influence of sublethal concentrations of antibiotics on the expression of the mannose-specific ligand of Escherichia coli. Infect Immun. 1980 Apr;28(1):154-9. Pubmed

2. 16S rRNA

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

In prokaryotes, the 16S rRNA is essential for recognizing the 5' end of mRNA and hence positioning it correctly on the ribosome. The 16S rRNA has a characteristic secondary structure in which half of the nucleotides are base-paired. The 16S rRNA sequence has been highly conserved and is often used for evolutionary and species comparative analysis.

Gene Sequence: FASTA

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Roy U, Nair D: Biodiversity of organotin resistant Pseudomonas from west coast of India. Ecotoxicology. 2007 Mar;16(2):253-61. Epub 2006 Nov 28. Pubmed
  4. Wachino JI, Shibayama K, Kurokawa H, Kimura K, Yamane K, Suzuki S, Shibata N, Ike Y, Arakawa Y: Plasmid-mediated novel m1A1408 methyltransferase, NpmA, for 16S rRNA found in clinically isolated Escherichia coli resistant to structurally diverse aminoglycosides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Sep 17;. Pubmed
  5. Brown JM, Cowley KD, Manninen KI, McNeil MM: Phenotypic and molecular epidemiologic evaluation of a Nocardia farcinica mastitis epizootic. Vet Microbiol. 2007 Nov 15;125(1-2):66-72. Epub 2007 May 6. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on April 19, 2011 15:07

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.