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Identification
Name Phenprocoumon
Accession Number DB00946 (APRD00228)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant. [PubChem]
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
Fenprocumone [DCIT]
Phenprocoumarol
Phenprocoumarole
Phenprocoumone
Phenprocumone
Salts Not Available
Brand names
Name Company
Falithiom
Falithrom
Fencumar
Liquamar
Marcoumar
Marcumar
Marcuphen
Brand mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Anticoagulants
CAS number 435-97-2
Weight Average: 280.3178
Monoisotopic: 280.109944378
Chemical Formula C18H16O3
InChI Key InChIKey=DQDAYGNAKTZFIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C18H16O3/c1-2-13(12-8-4-3-5-9-12)16-17(19)14-10-6-7-11-15(14)21-18(16)20/h3-11,13,19H,2H2,1H3
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
4-hydroxy-3-(1-phenylpropyl)-2H-chromen-2-one
SMILES
CCC(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=C(O)C2=C(OC1=O)C=CC=C2
Plain Text
Mass Spec show (10.9 KB)
Taxonomy
Kingdom Not Available
Classes Not Available
Substructures Not Available
Pharmacology
Indication Used for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disease including venous thrombosis, thromboembolism, and pulmonary embolism as well as for the prevention of ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).
Pharmacodynamics Phenprocoumon, a coumarin anticoagulant, thins the blood by antagonizing vitamin K which is required for the production of clotting factors in the liver. Anticoagulants such as phenprocoumon have no direct effect on an established thrombus, nor do they reverse ischemic tissue damage (damage caused by an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body). However, once a thrombus has occurred, the goal of anticoagulant treatment is to prevent further extension of the formed clot and prevent secondary thromboembolic complications which may result in serious and possibly fatal sequelae.
Mechanism of action Phenprocoumon inhibits vitamin K reductase, resulting in depletion of the reduced form of vitamin K (vitamin KH2). As vitamin K is a cofactor for the carboxylation of glutamate residues on the N-terminal regions of vitamin K-dependent proteins, this limits the gamma-carboxylation and subsequent activation of the vitamin K-dependent coagulant proteins. The synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X and anticoagulant proteins C and S is inhibited. Depression of three of the four vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors (factors II, VII, and X) results in decreased prothrombin levels and a decrease in the amount of thrombin generated and bound to fibrin. This reduces the thrombogenicity of clots.
Absorption Bioavailability is close to 100%
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding 99%
Metabolism Phenprocoumon is stereoselectively metabolized by hepatic microsomal enzymes (cytochrome P-450) to inactive hydroxylated metabolites (predominant route) and by reductases to reduced metabolites. Cytochrome P450 2C9 is the principal form of human liver P-450 responsible for metabolism.
Route of elimination Not Available
Half life 5-6 days
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity 50=500 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose includes suspected or overt abnormal bleeding (e.g., appearance of blood in stools or urine, hematuria, excessive menstrual bleeding, melena, petechiae, excessive bruising or persistent oozing from superficial injuries).
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways
Pathway Name SMPDB ID
Smp00271 Phenprocoumon Pathway SMP00271
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Organon usa inc
Packagers Not Available
Dosage forms Not Available
Prices Not Available
Patents Not Available
Properties
State solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point 179.5 °C PhysProp
water solubility 12.9 mg/L Not Available
logP 3.62 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 4.86e-02 g/l ALOGPS
logP 3.81 ALOGPS
logP 3.74 ChemAxon
logS -3.8 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic) 6.44 ChemAxon
pKa (strongest basic) -6.5 ChemAxon
physiological charge -1 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 2 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 1 ChemAxon
polar surface area 46.53 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 3 ChemAxon
refractivity 81.64 ChemAxon
polarizability 29.92 ChemAxon
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference Not Available
External Links
Resource Link
BindingDB 768 Link_out
ChEBI 50438 Link_out
ChEMBL 50438 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP000771 Link_out
PharmGKB PA450921 Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenprocoumon Link_out
ATC Codes
  • B01AA04
AHFS Codes Not Available
PDB Entries
FDA label Not Available
MSDS Not Available
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available
Targets

1. Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

Involved in vitamin K metabolism. Catalytic subunit of the vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) complex which reduces inactive vitamin K 2,3-epoxide to active vitamin K

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q9BQB6 Link_out
Gene: VKORC1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Schalekamp T, Brasse BP, Roijers JF, van Meegen E, van der Meer FJ, van Wijk EM, Egberts AC, de Boer A: VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotypes and phenprocoumon anticoagulation status: interaction between both genotypes affects dose requirement. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Feb;81(2):185-93. Epub 2006 Dec 27. Pubmed
  2. Reitsma PH, van der Heijden JF, Groot AP, Rosendaal FR, Buller HR: A C1173T dimorphism in the VKORC1 gene determines coumarin sensitivity and bleeding risk. PLoS Med. 2005 Oct;2(10):e312. Epub 2005 Oct 11. Pubmed
  3. Thijssen HH, Baars LG: Microsomal warfarin binding and vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase. Biochem Pharmacol. 1989 Apr 1;38(7):1115-20. Pubmed
  4. Thijssen HH, Baars LG, Vervoort-Peters HT: Vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase: the basis for stereoselectivity of 4-hydroxycoumarin anticoagulant activity. Br J Pharmacol. 1988 Nov;95(3):675-82. Pubmed
  5. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Cytochrome P450 2C8

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. In the epoxidation of arachidonic acid it generates only 14,15- and 11,12-cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism the anti- cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol)

UniProt ID: P10632 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C8
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

2. Cytochrome P450 2C9

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S- warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan

UniProt ID: P11712 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C9
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
  2. Schalekamp T, Brasse BP, Roijers JF, van Meegen E, van der Meer FJ, van Wijk EM, Egberts AC, de Boer A: VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotypes and phenprocoumon anticoagulation status: interaction between both genotypes affects dose requirement. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Feb;81(2):185-93. Epub 2006 Dec 27. Pubmed
  3. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

3. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4- hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide

UniProt ID: P08684 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A4
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
Carriers

1. Serum albumin

Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood

UniProt ID: P02768 Link_out
Gene: ALB Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Niedner R, von Oettingen U, Meyer F: [The reciprocal actions of phenprocoumon (Marcumar) with human serum albumin, erythrocytes and blood] Int J Clin Pharmacol Biopharm. 1975 Dec;12(4):446-57. Pubmed
  2. Fitos I, Visy J, Simonyi M: Species-dependency in chiral-drug recognition of serum albumin studied by chromatographic methods. J Biochem Biophys Methods. 2002 Dec 31;54(1-3):71-84. Pubmed
  3. Fitos I, Simonyi M: Stereoselective effect of phenprocoumon enantiomers on the binding of benzodiazepines to human serum albumin. Chirality. 1992;4(1):21-3. Pubmed
  4. Rehse K, Fiedler B: [Determination of the protein binding of drugs by continuous ultrafiltration. 9. Comparison of the binding of nonsteroid antirheumatics to human serum albumin and their interaction with phenprocoumon] Arch Pharm (Weinheim). 1989 Apr;322(4):241-3. Pubmed
  5. Niedner R, von Oettingen U, Meyer F: [Binding of phenprocoumarol (Marcumar) to human albumin] Int J Clin Pharmacol. 1973 Oct;8(2):160-6. Pubmed

2. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1

Appears to function in modulating the activity of the immune system during the acute-phase reaction

UniProt ID: P02763 Link_out
Gene: ORM1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Otagiri M, Maruyama T, Imai T, Imamura Y: Fluorescent investigations of binding of phenprocoumon to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. J Pharm Sci. 1987 Aug;76(8):646-9. Pubmed
  2. Hazai E, Visy J, Fitos I, Bikadi Z, Simonyi M: Selective binding of coumarin enantiomers to human alpha1-acid glycoprotein genetic variants. Bioorg Med Chem. 2006 Mar 15;14(6):1959-65. Epub 2005 Nov 15. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on February 08, 2013 16:19