Cyclizine

Identification

Summary

Cyclizine is an antihistamine and antiemetic drug used for the prevention and treatment of nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with motion sickness, and vertigo.

Generic Name
Cyclizine
DrugBank Accession Number
DB01176
Background

A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935)

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 266.3807
Monoisotopic: 266.178298714
Chemical Formula
C18H22N2
Synonyms
  • (±)-1-diphenylmethyl-4-methylpiperazine
  • (N-Benzhydryl)(N'-methyl)diethylenediamine
  • 1-(Diphenylmethyl)-4-methylpiperazine
  • 1-Benzhydryl-4-methylpiperazin
  • Ciclizina
  • Cyclizine
  • Cyclizinum
  • N-Benzhydryl-N'-methylpiperazine
  • N-methyl-N'-benzhydrylpiperazine

Pharmacology

Indication

For prevention and treatment of nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with motion sickness, and vertigo (dizziness caused by other medical problems).

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Used in combination to manageMigraineCombination Product in combination with: Caffeine (DB00201), Ergotamine (DB00696)••• •••••
Prophylaxis ofMotion sickness••• •••
Symptomatic treatment ofMotion sickness••• •••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Cyclizine is a piperazine-derivative antihistamine used as an antivertigo/antiemetic agent. Cyclizine is used in the prevention and treatment of nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with motion sickness. Additionally, it has been used in the management of vertigo in diseases affecting the vestibular apparatus. Although the mechanism by which cyclizine exerts its antiemetic and antivertigo effects has not been fully elucidated, its central anticholinergic properties are partially responsible. The drug depresses labyrinth excitability and vestibular stimulation, and it may affect the medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone. It also possesses anticholinergic, antihistaminic, central nervous system depressant, and local anesthetic effects.

Mechanism of action

Vomiting (emesis) is essentially a protective mechanism for removing irritant or otherwise harmful substances from the upper GI tract. Emesis or vomiting is controlled by the vomiting centre in the medulla region of the brain, an important part of which is the chemotrigger zone (CTZ). The vomiting centre possesses neurons which are rich in muscarinic cholinergic and histamine containing synapses. These types of neurons are especially involved in transmission from the vestibular apparatus to the vomiting centre. Motion sickness principally involves overstimulation of these pathways due to various sensory stimuli. Hence the action of cyclizine which acts to block the histamine receptors in the vomiting centre and thus reduce activity along these pathways. Furthermore since cyclizine possesses anti-cholinergic properties as well, the muscarinic receptors are similarly blocked.

TargetActionsOrganism
AHistamine H1 receptor
antagonist
Humans
UEstrogen sulfotransferase
inhibitor
Humans
Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Cyclizine is metabolised to its N-demethylated derivative, norcyclizine, which has little antihistaminic (H1) activity compared to Cyclizine.

Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

20 hours

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
PathwayCategory
Cyclizine H1-Antihistamine ActionDrug action
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
1,2-BenzodiazepineThe risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Cyclizine is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine.
AbrocitinibThe metabolism of Abrocitinib can be decreased when combined with Cyclizine.
AcenocoumarolThe metabolism of Acenocoumarol can be decreased when combined with Cyclizine.
AcetazolamideThe risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Acetazolamide is combined with Cyclizine.
AcetohexamideThe metabolism of Acetohexamide can be decreased when combined with Cyclizine.
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol.
  • Take with or without food. The absorption is unaffected by food.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Cyclizine hydrochlorideW0O1NHP4WE303-25-3UKPBEPCQTDRZSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Cyclizine lactate861R00J9865897-19-8JOROEVAWQLGPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International/Other Brands
Emoquil / Marezine / Marzine (GlaxoSmithKline) / Valoid (GlaxoSmithKline)
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Marzine Inj 50mg/mlLiquid50 mg / mLIntramuscular; IntravenousGlaxo Wellcome1988-12-311998-07-30Canada flag
Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
CyclivertTablet25 mg/25mgOralLaser Pharmaceuticals Llc2011-11-012017-07-03US flag
NAUSICALM TABLET 50MG (PHARMACY ONLY)Tablet50 mgOralMCPHERSON'S CONSUMER PRODUCTS PTE LTD2017-10-23Not applicableSingapore flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Megral TabsCyclizine hydrochloride (50 mg / tab) + Caffeine (100 mg / tab) + Ergotamine tartrate (2 mg / tab)TabletOralGlaxo Wellcome1989-12-312001-03-01Canada flag

Categories

ATC Codes
R06AE03 — CyclizineR06AE53 — Cyclizine, combinations
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as diphenylmethanes. These are compounds containing a diphenylmethane moiety, which consists of a methane wherein two hydrogen atoms are replaced by two phenyl groups.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Benzenoids
Class
Benzene and substituted derivatives
Sub Class
Diphenylmethanes
Direct Parent
Diphenylmethanes
Alternative Parents
N-methylpiperazines / Aralkylamines / Trialkylamines / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Hydrocarbon derivatives
Substituents
1,4-diazinane / Amine / Aralkylamine / Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Azacycle / Diphenylmethane / Hydrocarbon derivative / N-alkylpiperazine / N-methylpiperazine / Organic nitrogen compound
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
N-alkylpiperazine (CHEBI:3994)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
QRW9FCR9P2
CAS number
82-92-8
InChI Key
UVKZSORBKUEBAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C18H22N2/c1-19-12-14-20(15-13-19)18(16-8-4-2-5-9-16)17-10-6-3-7-11-17/h2-11,18H,12-15H2,1H3
IUPAC Name
1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-methylpiperazine
SMILES
CN1CCN(CC1)C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1

References

Synthesis Reference

Baltzly, R. and Castillo, J.C.; U.S. Patent 2,630,435; March 3,1953; assigned to Burroughs Wellcome & Co. (U.S.A.) Inc.

General References
Not Available
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0015307
KEGG Drug
D03621
KEGG Compound
C06930
PubChem Compound
6726
PubChem Substance
46506232
ChemSpider
6470
RxNav
2977
ChEBI
3994
ChEMBL
CHEMBL648
ZINC
ZINC000019156872
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000337
PharmGKB
PA164742937
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Cyclizine
MSDS
Download (73.4 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
Not AvailableUnknown StatusTreatmentSpinal Anesthetics Causing Adverse Effects in Therapeutic Use1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
TabletOral25 mg/25mg
Tablet, coatedOral
Tablet, sugar coatedOral
TabletOral
LiquidIntramuscular; Intravenous50 mg / mL
TabletOral
TabletOral50 mg
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)105.5-107.5Baltzly, R. and Castillo, J.C.; U.S. Patent 2,630,435; March 3,1953; assigned to Burroughs Wellcome & Co. (U.S.A.) Inc.
water solubility1000 mg/L (at 25 °C)MERCK INDEX (1996); less than
logP3Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0752 mg/mLALOGPS
logP3.55ALOGPS
logP3.55Chemaxon
logS-3.6ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)8.2Chemaxon
Physiological Charge1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area6.48 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count3Chemaxon
Refractivity84.93 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability31.53 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings3Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleYesChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9674
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9813
Caco-2 permeable+0.8023
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.8071
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.7583
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.981
Renal organic cation transporterInhibitor0.7875
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.829
CYP450 2D6 substrateSubstrate0.6312
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.6591
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.9046
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9676
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorInhibitor0.8931
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9026
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9438
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.9071
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.9308
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.9667
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.983
Rat acute toxicity2.3937 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.6672
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.5073
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-014r-6920000000-1ddcd42966325717db73
GC-MS Spectrum - EI-BGC-MSsplash10-0aos-9620000000-ed8810ea85a4b69f8507
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-014i-0950000000-47d8d4806bc8df76a754
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-014i-0900000000-36884e6bc01d1cb8ec93
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-014i-0090000000-5bd24116f5cdc8dae265
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00n3-6900000000-db964a27dc5925023525
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-014i-0980000000-2b093235d007992302ac
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-066r-2910000000-464837c78f29ba2fdd51
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-177.9994098
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-160.48973
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+178.6861098
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+162.84773
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+178.0773098
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+168.94087
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Histamine receptor activity
Specific Function
In peripheral tissues, the H1 subclass of histamine receptors mediates the contraction of smooth muscles, increase in capillary permeability due to contraction of terminal venules, and catecholamin...
Gene Name
HRH1
Uniprot ID
P35367
Uniprot Name
Histamine H1 receptor
Molecular Weight
55783.61 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
  2. Leza JC, Lizasoain I, Lorenzo P: H1- and H2-histamine receptor blockers and opiate analgesia in mice. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1990 Dec;12(10):671-8. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sulfotransferase activity
Specific Function
Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of estradiol and estrone. May play a role in the regulation of estrogen r...
Gene Name
SULT1E1
Uniprot ID
P49888
Uniprot Name
Estrogen sulfotransferase
Molecular Weight
35126.185 Da
References
  1. Bamforth KJ, Dalgliesh K, Coughtrie MW: Inhibition of human liver steroid sulfotransferase activities by drugs: a novel mechanism of drug toxicity? Eur J Pharmacol. 1992 May 1;228(1):15-21. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID
P11712
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C9
Molecular Weight
55627.365 Da
References
  1. He N, Zhang WQ, Shockley D, Edeki T: Inhibitory effects of H1-antihistamines on CYP2D6- and CYP2C9-mediated drug metabolic reactions in human liver microsomes. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Feb;57(12):847-51. [Article]
  2. Auspar Cyclizine [File]

Carriers

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Regulator
General Function
Toxic substance binding
Specific Function
Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
Gene Name
ALB
Uniprot ID
P02768
Uniprot Name
Serum albumin
Molecular Weight
69365.94 Da
References
  1. Martinez-Gomez MA, Carril-Aviles MM, Sagrado S, Villanueva-Camanas RM, Medina-Hernandez MJ: Characterization of antihistamine-human serum protein interactions by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A. 2007 Apr 20;1147(2):261-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.054. Epub 2007 Feb 22. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 03, 2024 02:31