DrugBank: Genistein (DB01645)

targets (6) enzymes (1) transporters (3) carriers (1)

Identification

Name

Genistein

Accession Number

DB01645 (EXPT01582)

Type

small molecule

Groups

experimental

Description

An isoflavonoid derived from soy products. It inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase and topoisomerase-II (DNA topoisomerases, type II) activity and is used as an antineoplastic and antitumor agent. Experimentally, it has been shown to induce G2 phase arrest in human and murine cell lines.

Structure

Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure

Synonyms

4',5, 7-Trihydroxyisoflavone
5,7,4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone
Genisteol
Genisterin

Salts

Not Available

Brand names

Name	Company
Prunetol
Sophoricol

Brand mixtures

Not Available

Categories

Antineoplastic Agents
Enzyme Inhibitors
Growth Inhibitors
Anticarcinogenic Agents
Protein Kinase Inhibitors
Phytoestrogens

CAS number

446-72-0

Weight

Average: 270.2369
Monoisotopic: 270.05282343

Chemical Formula

C₁₅H₁₀O₅

InChI Key

InChIKey=TZBJGXHYKVUXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/C15H10O5/c16-9-3-1-8(2-4-9)11-7-20-13-6-10(17)5-12(18)14(13)15(11)19/h1-7,16-18H

Plain Text

IUPAC Name

5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one

SMILES

OC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=COC2=C(C(O)=CC(O)=C2)C1=O

Plain Text

Mass Spec

Not Available

Taxonomy

Kingdom

Not Available

Classes

Not Available

Substructures

Not Available

Pharmacology

Indication

Not Available

Pharmacodynamics

Not Available

Mechanism of action

Not Available

Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Not Available

Route of elimination

Not Available

Half life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Toxicity

Not Available

Affected organisms

Humans and other mammals

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Not Available

Dosage forms

Not Available

Prices

Not Available

Patents

Not Available

Properties

State

solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point	301.5 dec °C	PhysProp

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
water solubility	1.23e-01 g/l	ALOGPS
logP	3.04	ALOGPS
logP	3.08	ChemAxon
logS	-3.3	ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic)	6.61	ChemAxon
pKa (strongest basic)	-5.2	ChemAxon
physiological charge	-1	ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count	5	ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count	3	ChemAxon
polar surface area	86.99	ChemAxon
rotatable bond count	1	ChemAxon
refractivity	71.68	ChemAxon
polarizability	26.59	ChemAxon

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

General Reference

Not Available

External Links

Resource	Link
KEGG Compound	C06563
PubChem Compound	5280961
PubChem Substance	46509060
ChemSpider	4444448
BindingDB	19459
ChEBI	28088
ChEMBL	28088
Therapeutic Targets Database	DCL000330
IUPHAR	2826
Guide to Pharmacology	2826
HET	GEN
Wikipedia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genistein

ATC Codes

Not Available

AHFS Codes

Not Available

PDB Entries

1QKM

FDA label

Not Available

MSDS

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

Not Available

Food Interactions

Not Available

Targets
1. Estrogen receptor beta Pharmacological action: unknown Nuclear hormone receptor. Binds estrogens with an affinity similar to that of ESR1, and activates expression of reporter genes containing estrogen response elements (ERE) in an estrogen-dependent manner. Isoform beta-cx lacks ligand binding ability and has no or only very low ere binding activity resulting in the loss of ligand-dependent transactivation ability. DNA- binding by ESR1 and ESR2 is rapidly lost at 37 degrees Celsius in the absence of ligand while in the presence of 17 beta-estradiol and 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen loss in DNA-binding at elevated temperature is more gradual Organism class: human UniProt ID: Q92731 Gene: ESR2 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed 2. DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha Pharmacological action: unknown Control of topological states of DNA by transient breakage and subsequent rejoining of DNA strands. Topoisomerase II makes double-strand breaks Organism class: human UniProt ID: P11388 Gene: TOP2A Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed 3. Protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta Pharmacological action: unknown Involved in calcium induced regulation of ion channel and activation of the map kinase signaling pathway. May represent an important signaling intermediate between neuropeptide activated receptors or neurotransmitters that increase calcium flux and the downstream signals that regulate neuronal activity. Interacts with the SH2 domain of Grb2. May phosphorylate the voltage-gated potassium channel protein Kv1.2. Its activation is highly correlated with the stimulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity. Involved in osmotic stress-dependent SNCA 'Tyr-125' phosphorylation Organism class: human UniProt ID: Q14289 Gene: PTK2B Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed 4. Nuclear receptor coactivator 1 Pharmacological action: unknown Nuclear receptor coactivator that directly binds nuclear receptors and stimulates the transcriptional activities in a hormone-dependent fashion. Involved in the coactivation of different nuclear receptors, such as for steroids (PGR, GR and ER), retinoids (RXRs), thyroid hormone (TRs) and prostanoids (PPARs). Also involved in coactivation mediated by STAT3, STAT5A, STAT5B and STAT6 transcription factors. Displays histone acetyltransferase activity toward H3 and H4; the relevance of such activity remains however unclear. Plays a central role in creating multisubunit coactivator complexes that act via remodeling of chromatin, and possibly acts by participating in both chromatin remodeling and recruitment of general transcription factors. Required with NCOA2 to control energy balance between white and brown adipose tissues. Required for mediating steroid hormone response. Isoform 2 has a higher thyroid hormone-dependent transactivation activity than isoform 1 and isoform 3 Organism class: human UniProt ID: Q15788 Gene: NCOA1 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed 5. Estrogen receptor Pharmacological action: unknown Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues Organism class: human UniProt ID: P03372 Gene: ESR1 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed 6. Nuclear receptor coactivator 2 Pharmacological action: unknown Transcriptional coactivator for steroid receptors and nuclear receptors. Coactivator of the steroid binding domain (AF- 2) but not of the modulating N-terminal domain (AF-1). Required with NCOA1 to control energy balance between white and brown adipose tissues Organism class: human UniProt ID: Q15596 Gene: NCOA2 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

Targets

1. Estrogen receptor beta

Pharmacological action: unknown

Nuclear hormone receptor. Binds estrogens with an affinity similar to that of ESR1, and activates expression of reporter genes containing estrogen response elements (ERE) in an estrogen-dependent manner. Isoform beta-cx lacks ligand binding ability and has no or only very low ere binding activity resulting in the loss of ligand-dependent transactivation ability. DNA- binding by ESR1 and ESR2 is rapidly lost at 37 degrees Celsius in the absence of ligand while in the presence of 17 beta-estradiol and 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen loss in DNA-binding at elevated temperature is more gradual

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q92731 Link_out

Gene: ESR2 Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

2. DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha

Pharmacological action: unknown

Control of topological states of DNA by transient breakage and subsequent rejoining of DNA strands. Topoisomerase II makes double-strand breaks

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P11388 Link_out

Gene: TOP2A Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

3. Protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta

Pharmacological action: unknown

Involved in calcium induced regulation of ion channel and activation of the map kinase signaling pathway. May represent an important signaling intermediate between neuropeptide activated receptors or neurotransmitters that increase calcium flux and the downstream signals that regulate neuronal activity. Interacts with the SH2 domain of Grb2. May phosphorylate the voltage-gated potassium channel protein Kv1.2. Its activation is highly correlated with the stimulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity. Involved in osmotic stress-dependent SNCA 'Tyr-125' phosphorylation

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q14289 Link_out

Gene: PTK2B Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

4. Nuclear receptor coactivator 1

Pharmacological action: unknown

Nuclear receptor coactivator that directly binds nuclear receptors and stimulates the transcriptional activities in a hormone-dependent fashion. Involved in the coactivation of different nuclear receptors, such as for steroids (PGR, GR and ER), retinoids (RXRs), thyroid hormone (TRs) and prostanoids (PPARs). Also involved in coactivation mediated by STAT3, STAT5A, STAT5B and STAT6 transcription factors. Displays histone acetyltransferase activity toward H3 and H4; the relevance of such activity remains however unclear. Plays a central role in creating multisubunit coactivator complexes that act via remodeling of chromatin, and possibly acts by participating in both chromatin remodeling and recruitment of general transcription factors. Required with NCOA2 to control energy balance between white and brown adipose tissues. Required for mediating steroid hormone response. Isoform 2 has a higher thyroid hormone-dependent transactivation activity than isoform 1 and isoform 3

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q15788 Link_out

Gene: NCOA1 Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

5. Estrogen receptor

Pharmacological action: unknown

Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P03372 Link_out

Gene: ESR1 Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

6. Nuclear receptor coactivator 2

Pharmacological action: unknown

Transcriptional coactivator for steroid receptors and nuclear receptors. Coactivator of the steroid binding domain (AF- 2) but not of the modulating N-terminal domain (AF-1). Required with NCOA1 to control energy balance between white and brown adipose tissues

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q15596 Link_out

Gene: NCOA2 Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

Enzymes
1. Cytochrome P450 1A2 Actions: substrate Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen UniProt ID: P05177 Gene: CYP1A2 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Hu M, Krausz K, Chen J, Ge X, Li J, Gelboin HL, Gonzalez FJ: Identification of CYP1A2 as the main isoform for the phase I hydroxylated metabolism of genistein and a prodrug converting enzyme of methylated isoflavones. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Jul;31(7):924-31. Pubmed

Enzymes

1. Cytochrome P450 1A2

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen

UniProt ID: P05177 Link_out

Gene: CYP1A2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Hu M, Krausz K, Chen J, Ge X, Li J, Gelboin HL, Gonzalez FJ: Identification of CYP1A2 as the main isoform for the phase I hydroxylated metabolism of genistein and a prodrug converting enzyme of methylated isoflavones. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Jul;31(7):924-31. Pubmed

Transporters
1. Multidrug resistance protein 1 Actions: inhibitor Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells UniProt ID: P08183 Gene: ABCB1 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Castro AF, Altenberg GA: Inhibition of drug transport by genistein in multidrug-resistant cells expressing P-glycoprotein. Biochem Pharmacol. 1997 Jan 10;53(1):89-93. Pubmed Versantvoort CH, Rhodes T, Twentyman PR: Acceleration of MRP-associated efflux of rhodamine 123 by genistein and related compounds. Br J Cancer. 1996 Dec;74(12):1949-54. Pubmed Nagy H, Goda K, Fenyvesi F, Bacso Z, Szilasi M, Kappelmayer J, Lustyik G, Cianfriglia M, Szabo G Jr: Distinct groups of multidrug resistance modulating agents are distinguished by competition of P-glycoprotein-specific antibodies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Mar 19;315(4):942-9. Pubmed 2. Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 Actions: inhibitor May participate directly in the active transport of drugs into subcellular organelles or influence drug distribution indirectly. Confers resistance to anticancer drugs. Transports LTC4. May protect milk against xenobiotics UniProt ID: P33527 Gene: ABCC1 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Pec MK, Aguirre A, Fernandez JJ, Souto ML, Dorta JF, Villar J: Dehydrothyrsiferol does not modulate multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 resistance: a functional screening system for MRP1 substrates. Int J Mol Med. 2002 Nov;10(5):605-8. Pubmed Nguyen H, Zhang S, Morris ME: Effect of flavonoids on MRP1-mediated transport in Panc-1 cells. J Pharm Sci. 2003 Feb;92(2):250-7. Pubmed Hong J, Lambert JD, Lee SH, Sinko PJ, Yang CS: Involvement of multidrug resistance-associated proteins in regulating cellular levels of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and its methyl metabolites. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Oct 10;310(1):222-7. Pubmed Versantvoort CH, Rhodes T, Twentyman PR: Acceleration of MRP-associated efflux of rhodamine 123 by genistein and related compounds. Br J Cancer. 1996 Dec;74(12):1949-54. Pubmed 3. ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 Actions: inhibitor Xenobiotic transporter that may play an important role in the exclusion of xenobiotics from the brain. May be involved in brain-to-blood efflux. Appears to play a major role in the multidrug resistance phenotype of several cancer cell lines. When overexpressed, the transfected cells become resistant to mitoxantrone, daunorubicin and doxorubicin, display diminished intracellular accumulation of daunorubicin, and manifest an ATP- dependent increase in the efflux of rhodamine 123 UniProt ID: Q9UNQ0 Gene: ABCG2 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Imai Y, Tsukahara S, Asada S, Sugimoto Y: Phytoestrogens/flavonoids reverse breast cancer resistance protein/ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance. Cancer Res. 2004 Jun 15;64(12):4346-52. Pubmed Zhang S, Yang X, Morris ME: Flavonoids are inhibitors of breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)-mediated transport. Mol Pharmacol. 2004 May;65(5):1208-16. Pubmed Perez M, Real R, Mendoza G, Merino G, Prieto JG, Alvarez AI: Milk secretion of nitrofurantoin, as a specific BCRP/ABCG2 substrate, in assaf sheep: modulation by isoflavones. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Oct;32(5):498-502. Pubmed

Transporters

1. Multidrug resistance protein 1

Actions: inhibitor

Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells

UniProt ID: P08183 Link_out

Gene: ABCB1 Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Castro AF, Altenberg GA: Inhibition of drug transport by genistein in multidrug-resistant cells expressing P-glycoprotein. Biochem Pharmacol. 1997 Jan 10;53(1):89-93. Pubmed
Versantvoort CH, Rhodes T, Twentyman PR: Acceleration of MRP-associated efflux of rhodamine 123 by genistein and related compounds. Br J Cancer. 1996 Dec;74(12):1949-54. Pubmed
Nagy H, Goda K, Fenyvesi F, Bacso Z, Szilasi M, Kappelmayer J, Lustyik G, Cianfriglia M, Szabo G Jr: Distinct groups of multidrug resistance modulating agents are distinguished by competition of P-glycoprotein-specific antibodies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Mar 19;315(4):942-9. Pubmed

2. Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1

Actions: inhibitor

May participate directly in the active transport of drugs into subcellular organelles or influence drug distribution indirectly. Confers resistance to anticancer drugs. Transports LTC4. May protect milk against xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P33527 Link_out

Gene: ABCC1 Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Pec MK, Aguirre A, Fernandez JJ, Souto ML, Dorta JF, Villar J: Dehydrothyrsiferol does not modulate multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 resistance: a functional screening system for MRP1 substrates. Int J Mol Med. 2002 Nov;10(5):605-8. Pubmed
Nguyen H, Zhang S, Morris ME: Effect of flavonoids on MRP1-mediated transport in Panc-1 cells. J Pharm Sci. 2003 Feb;92(2):250-7. Pubmed
Hong J, Lambert JD, Lee SH, Sinko PJ, Yang CS: Involvement of multidrug resistance-associated proteins in regulating cellular levels of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and its methyl metabolites. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Oct 10;310(1):222-7. Pubmed
Versantvoort CH, Rhodes T, Twentyman PR: Acceleration of MRP-associated efflux of rhodamine 123 by genistein and related compounds. Br J Cancer. 1996 Dec;74(12):1949-54. Pubmed

3. ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2

Actions: inhibitor

Xenobiotic transporter that may play an important role in the exclusion of xenobiotics from the brain. May be involved in brain-to-blood efflux. Appears to play a major role in the multidrug resistance phenotype of several cancer cell lines. When overexpressed, the transfected cells become resistant to mitoxantrone, daunorubicin and doxorubicin, display diminished intracellular accumulation of daunorubicin, and manifest an ATP- dependent increase in the efflux of rhodamine 123

UniProt ID: Q9UNQ0 Link_out

Gene: ABCG2 Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Imai Y, Tsukahara S, Asada S, Sugimoto Y: Phytoestrogens/flavonoids reverse breast cancer resistance protein/ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance. Cancer Res. 2004 Jun 15;64(12):4346-52. Pubmed
Zhang S, Yang X, Morris ME: Flavonoids are inhibitors of breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)-mediated transport. Mol Pharmacol. 2004 May;65(5):1208-16. Pubmed
Perez M, Real R, Mendoza G, Merino G, Prieto JG, Alvarez AI: Milk secretion of nitrofurantoin, as a specific BCRP/ABCG2 substrate, in assaf sheep: modulation by isoflavones. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Oct;32(5):498-502. Pubmed

Carriers
1. Transthyretin Thyroid hormone-binding protein. Probably transports thyroxine from the bloodstream to the brain UniProt ID: P02766 Gene: TTR Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

Comments

Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on February 08, 2013 16:20