Glycolic acid

Identification

Generic Name
Glycolic acid
DrugBank Accession Number
DB03085
Background

Not Available

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Structure
Weight
Average: 76.0514
Monoisotopic: 76.016043994
Chemical Formula
C2H4O3
Synonyms
  • 2-Hydroxyacetic acid
  • 2-Hydroxyethanoic acid
  • alpha-Hydroxyacetic acid
  • Glycollic acid
  • Hydroxyacetic acid
  • Hydroxyethanoic acid
  • α-hydroxyacetic acid
External IDs
  • NSC-166

Pharmacology

Indication

Not Available

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofAcne••• •••
Treatment ofSkin pigmentation••• •••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Not Available

Mechanism of action
TargetActionsOrganism
UGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase
inhibitor
Humans
Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Not Available
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
bdr Re-action deep low base skin refiner exfoliation essenceLiquid3 g/30mLTopicalGoldeneye Permanent System GmbH Germany2016-11-14Not applicableUS flag
Glycolic AcidCream1.4 g/100gTopicalChemco Corporation2021-04-07Not applicableUS flag
Glycolic AcidLiquid0.7 1/9mLTopicalScientific Solutions Global Llc2019-10-03Not applicableUS flag
Glycolic AcidLiquid9 g/30mLTopicalSSG Ventures Inc2021-04-12Not applicableUS flag
Village 11 Factory Relax Day Aha Exfoliating BodyLotion25.2 g/300gTopicalPfd Co.,Ltd.2020-11-20Not applicableUS flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
AHA 7 Whitehead Power LiquidGlycolic acid (7 mg/100mL) + Nicotinamide (2 mg/100mL)LiquidTopicalCosrx Inc.2015-12-232017-06-28US flag
AnubisMedGlycolic acid (17 g/50mL) + Ammonia (2.75 g/50mL) + Ascorbyl glucoside (0.25 g/50mL) + Ethanol (6.3 mL/50mL) + Ethylhexylglycerin (0.025 g/50mL) + Hexylresorcinol (1 g/50mL) + Hydroxyethyl cellulose (0.34875 g/50mL) + Isopropyl alcohol (0.75 g/50mL) + Kojic acid (2.5 g/50mL) + Lactic acid (5 g/50mL) + Phenoxyethanol (0.225 g/50mL) + Propylene glycol (0.5 g/50mL) + Salicylic acid (1 g/50mL) + Water (7.333 mL/50mL)LiquidTopicalANUBIS COSMETICS SL2022-11-042027-07-01US flag
Clear Cell Salicylic Clarifying TonicGlycolic acid (50 mg/1mL) + Salicylic acid (30 mg/1mL)LiquidTopicalAllure Labs, Inc.2010-01-01Not applicableUS flag
GLICOLIC®-H LOCIONGlycolic acid (10 g) + Hydroquinone (2 g)LotionTopicalALTEA FARMACEUTICA S.A.2006-11-102017-11-27Colombia flag
Jayjun Gold Snow Refreshing PeelingGlycolic acid (0.003 g/120mL) + Lactic acid (0.0012 g/120mL)GelTopicalJayjun Cosmetic Co.,ltd.2018-11-012019-11-01US flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
AHA 7 Whitehead Power LiquidGlycolic acid (7 mg/100mL) + Nicotinamide (2 mg/100mL)LiquidTopicalCosrx Inc.2015-12-232017-06-28US flag
bdr Re-action deep low base skin refiner exfoliation essenceGlycolic acid (3 g/30mL)LiquidTopicalGoldeneye Permanent System GmbH Germany2016-11-14Not applicableUS flag
Glycolic AcidGlycolic acid (9 g/30mL)LiquidTopicalSSG Ventures Inc2021-04-12Not applicableUS flag
Glycolic AcidGlycolic acid (1.4 g/100g)CreamTopicalChemco Corporation2021-04-07Not applicableUS flag
Glycolic AcidGlycolic acid (0.7 1/9mL)LiquidTopicalScientific Solutions Global Llc2019-10-03Not applicableUS flag

Categories

Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the adjacent carbon.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organic acids and derivatives
Class
Hydroxy acids and derivatives
Sub Class
Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives
Direct Parent
Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids / Primary alcohols / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Carbonyl compounds
Substituents
Alcohol / Aliphatic acyclic compound / Alpha-hydroxy acid / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid / Carboxylic acid derivative / Hydrocarbon derivative / Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives / Organic oxide / Organic oxygen compound
Molecular Framework
Aliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
primary alcohol, 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid (CHEBI:17497)
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
0WT12SX38S
CAS number
79-14-1
InChI Key
AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C2H4O3/c3-1-2(4)5/h3H,1H2,(H,4,5)
IUPAC Name
2-hydroxyacetic acid
SMILES
OCC(O)=O

References

Synthesis Reference

David Y. Tang, Arthur M. Foster, "(3-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-alpha-hydroxyacetic acid and process for preparation." U.S. Patent US4296244, issued January, 1977.

US4296244
General References
Not Available
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0000115
KEGG Compound
C03547
PubChem Compound
757
PubChem Substance
46508186
ChemSpider
737
RxNav
70603
ChEBI
17497
ChEMBL
CHEMBL252557
ZINC
ZINC000004658557
PDBe Ligand
GOA
Wikipedia
Glycolic_acid
PDB Entries
1qki / 1ryi / 2h8p / 2hfe / 2hg5 / 2o99 / 3if9 / 3l24 / 3nyg / 3r3z
show 48 more

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedTreatmentMelasma1
4RecruitingTreatmentBenign facial lentigines / Solar Elastosis1
4Unknown StatusTreatmentMelasma1
2CompletedTreatmentRecurrent Herpes Labialis1
2Unknown StatusTreatmentAcne Scars1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
SolutionOral12 g
LiquidTopical3 g/30mL
LiquidTopical
CreamTopical
CreamTopical10 g
CreamTopical1.4 g/100g
LiquidTopical0.7 1/9mL
LiquidTopical9 g/30mL
OintmentTopical
GelTopical
LotionTopical
LotionTopical25.2 g/300g
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)79.5 °CPhysProp
logP-1.11HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
pKa3.83SERJEANT,EP & DEMPSEY,B (1979)
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility608.0 mg/mLALOGPS
logP-1ALOGPS
logP-1Chemaxon
logS0.9ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.53Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.6Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area57.53 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count1Chemaxon
Refractivity14.35 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability6.2 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings0Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.893
Blood Brain Barrier+0.651
Caco-2 permeable-0.7739
P-glycoprotein substrateNon-substrate0.7721
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.976
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.9877
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.9549
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8584
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.9123
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.8096
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.9308
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9635
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9736
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9756
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9693
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.989
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.9556
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.6589
BiodegradationReady biodegradable0.9398
Rat acute toxicity1.5594 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9917
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.9585
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies)GC-MSsplash10-0002-0900000000-ed8b8e4a9e2556ea02e2
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)GC-MSsplash10-00dj-9600000000-8bafc88c7bf4e90fb5e8
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)GC-MSsplash10-003r-2910000000-bd50bf5bab6f5327eaf4
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0a7l-9000000000-1e9466549305eb20257b
GC-MS Spectrum - EI-BGC-MSsplash10-001i-9000000000-cadf899be6b15d008330
GC-MS Spectrum - EI-BGC-MSsplash10-001i-9000000000-e66ed28d8419895e0fb4
GC-MS Spectrum - EI-BGC-MSsplash10-0002-0900000000-7f84fac3284d17fa3ba6
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOFGC-MSsplash10-0002-0900000000-ed8b8e4a9e2556ea02e2
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOFGC-MSsplash10-00dj-9600000000-8bafc88c7bf4e90fb5e8
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSGC-MSsplash10-003r-2910000000-bd50bf5bab6f5327eaf4
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOFGC-MSsplash10-0002-0900000000-d724c85a3b30e3c2e4bc
Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)MSsplash10-001i-9000000000-2885890e3bb8c015742f
MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, NegativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-9000000000-e942bdae1d60e5f5d649
MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, NegativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-9000000000-f225de2de3540c3f50a4
MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, NegativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-9000000000-7de217d97b44f53aad82
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, NegativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-9000000000-88af2b259f82cd1d8938
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, NegativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-9000000000-c968a24f0640b154325b
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, NegativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-0059-9000000000-1dfacf30bf94ce3bf8bb
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-9000000000-88af2b259f82cd1d8938
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-9000000000-c968a24f0640b154325b
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-0059-9000000000-1dfacf30bf94ce3bf8bb
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4l-9000000000-dcba7ebf92c96eabe01f
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-9000000000-cca1dbb8f274d0878d44
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-9000000000-3d6978dee81005ea30ee
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4l-9000000000-f6a73bb785f7c364fa89
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-056r-9000000000-3296716461a306bc3fc3
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a5c-9000000000-348f55e54cd1664ffd70
1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum2D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-101.4413476
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-101.5307476
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-101.5708476
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-125.47621
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+102.8073476
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+105.6181476
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+102.5448476
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+128.22542
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+101.9312476
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+101.9838476
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+101.9133476
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+136.46193
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
Curator comments
Research referenced utilized rats and looked at G6P dehydrogenase protein.
General Function
Protein homodimerization activity
Specific Function
Catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway, which represents a route for the dissimilation of carbohydrates besides glycolysis. The main function of this enzyme is ...
Gene Name
G6PD
Uniprot ID
P11413
Uniprot Name
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase
Molecular Weight
59256.31 Da
References
  1. Ribaya JD, Gershoff SN: Interrelationships in rats among dietary vitamin B6, glycine and hydroxyproline. Effects of oxalate, glyoxylate, glycolate, and glycine on liver enzymes. J Nutr. 1979 Jan;109(1):171-83. doi: 10.1093/jn/109.1.171. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at September 28, 2021 21:54