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targets (7) enzymes (8)
for drugs
Identification
Name Ethanol
Accession Number DB00898 (APRD00738)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in alcoholic beverages. [PubChem]
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
Absolute Alcohol
Absolute Ethanol
Alcohol
Alcohol Anhydrous
Alcohol, Dehydrated
Alcohol, Diluted
Alcool Ethylique
Alcool Etilico
Alkohol
Alkoholu Etylowego
Aminoethanol
Beta-Aminoethanol
Beta-Aminoethyl Alcohol
Beta-Ethanolamine
Beta-Hydroxyethylamine
Caswell No. 426
Dehydrated Ethanol
Denatured Alcohol
Denatured Ethanol
Etanolo
Ethanol 200 Proof
Ethanol Anhydrous
Ethanol Extra Pure
Ethyl Alcohol
Ethyl Alcohol Anhydrous
Ethyl Alcohol, Anhydrous
Ethyl Alcohol, Denatured
Ethyl Hydrate
Ethyl Hydroxide
Ethylol
Ethylolamine
HSDB 531
Methylcarbinol
USAF EK-1597
First Prev Next Last
Salts Not Available
Brand names
Name Company
Aethanol
Aethylalkohol
Alcare Hand Degermer
Algrain
Anhydrol
Colamine
Denatured Alcohol Cd-10
Denatured Alcohol Cd-5
Denatured Alcohol Cd-5a
Denatured Alcohol Sd-1
Denatured Alcohol Sd-13a
Denatured Alcohol Sd-17
Denatured Alcohol Sd-23a
Denatured Alcohol Sd-28
Denatured Alcohol Sd-30
Denatured Alcohol Sd-39b
Denatured Alcohol Sd-39c
Denatured Alcohol Sd-3a
Denatured Alcohol Sd-40m
Ethanol Absolute
Ethanol Absolute Bp
Ethanol, Silent Spirit
Ethyl Alcohol & Water, 10%
Ethyl Alcohol & Water, 20%
Ethyl Alcohol & Water, 30%
Ethyl Alcohol & Water, 40%
Ethyl Alcohol & Water, 5%
Ethyl Alcohol & Water, 50%
Ethyl Alcohol & Water, 60%
Ethyl Alcohol & Water, 70%
Ethyl Alcohol & Water, 80%
Ethyl Alcohol & Water, 95%
Ethyl Alcohol & Water, 96%
Glycinol
Jaysol
Jaysol S
Methylated Spirit Mineralised
Pyro
Reagent Alcohol
Spirit
Synasol
Tecsol
Tecsol C
Thanol
Thiofaco M-50
First Prev Next Last
Brand mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Anti-Infective Agents, Local
  • Solvents
  • Central Nervous System Depressants
  • Disinfectants
CAS number 64-17-5
Weight Average: 46.0684
Monoisotopic: 46.041864814
Chemical Formula C2H6O
InChI Key InChIKey=LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
ethanol
SMILES
CCO
Plain Text
Mass Spec show (2.96 KB)
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Alcohols and Polyols
Substructures
  • Hydroxy Compounds
  • Alcohols and Polyols
Pharmacology
Indication For therapeutic neurolysis of nerves or ganglia for the relief of intractable chronic pain in such conditions as inoperable cancer and trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux), in patients for whom neurosurgical procedures are contraindicated.
Pharmacodynamics Alcohol produces injury to cells by dehydration and precipitation of the cytoplasm or protoplasm. This accounts for its bacteriocidal and antifungal action. When alcohol is injected in close proximity to nerve tissues, it produces neuritis and nerve degeneration (neurolysis). Ninety to 98% of ethanol that enters the body is completely oxidized. Ethanol is also used as a cosolvent to dissolve many insoluble drugs and to serve as a mild sedative in some medicinal formulations. Ethanol also binds to GABA, glycine, NMDA receptors and modulates their effects. Ethanol is also metabolised by the hepatic enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase.
Mechanism of action Ethanol affects the brain’s neurons in several ways. It alters their membranes as well as their ion channels, enzymes, and receptors. Alcohol also binds directly to the receptors for acetylcholine, serotonin, GABA, and the NMDA receptors for glutamate. The sedative effects of ethanol are mediated through binding to GABA receptors and glycine receptors (alpha 1 and alpha 2 subunits). It also inhibits NMDA receptor functioning. In its role as an anti-infective, ethanol acts as an osmolyte or dehydrating agent that disrupts the osmotic balance across cell membranes.
Absorption Rapidly absorbed.
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Metabolism Hepatic. Metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2E1.
Route of elimination Not Available
Half life Not Available
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Oral, rat LD50: 5628 mg/kg. Symptoms and effects of overdose include nausea, vomiting, CNS depression, acute respiratory failure or death and with chronic use, severe health problems, such as liver and brain damage.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Miles laboratories inc
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Aerosol Topical
Gel Topical
Liquid Intramuscular
Liquid Intravenous
Liquid Oral
Liquid Topical
Lotion Topical
Solution Topical
Solution / drops Oral
Spray Topical
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Ethanol 98% ampul 7.8 USD ml
Alcohol, dehydrated 98% amp 4.68 USD ml
Alcohol, denatured 0.02 USD ml
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents Not Available
Properties
State liquid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point -114.1 °C PhysProp
boiling point 78.2 °C PhysProp
water solubility 1E+006 mg/L (at 25 °C) RIDDICK,JA ET AL. (1986)
logP -0.31 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
pKa 15.9 (at 25 °C) RIDDICK,JA ET AL. (1986)
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 5.79e+02 g/l ALOGPS
logP -0.4 ALOGPS
logP -0.16 ChemAxon
logS 1.1 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic) 16.47 ChemAxon
pKa (strongest basic) -2.2 ChemAxon
physiological charge 0 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 1 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 1 ChemAxon
polar surface area 20.23 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 0 ChemAxon
refractivity 13.01 ChemAxon
polarizability 5.3 ChemAxon
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Snyder R, Kalf GF: A perspective on benzene leukemogenesis. Crit Rev Toxicol. 1994;24(3):177-209. Pubmed
  2. Chastain G: Alcohol, neurotransmitter systems, and behavior. J Gen Psychol. 2006 Oct;133(4):329-35. Pubmed
  3. McDonnell G, Russell AD: Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999 Jan;12(1):147-79. Pubmed
  4. Barceloux DG, Bond GR, Krenzelok EP, Cooper H, Vale JA: American Academy of Clinical Toxicology practice guidelines on the treatment of methanol poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2002;40(4):415-46. Pubmed
  5. Hingson R, Winter M: Epidemiology and consequences of drinking and driving. Alcohol Res Health. 2003;27(1):63-78. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Drug D00068 Link_out
KEGG Compound C00469 Link_out
PubChem Compound 702 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46506969 Link_out
ChemSpider 682 Link_out
ChEBI 16236 Link_out
ChEMBL 16236 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP000681 Link_out
PharmGKB PA448073 Link_out
IUPHAR 2299 Link_out
Guide to Pharmacology 2299 Link_out
HET 168 Link_out
Drug Product Database 724947 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/dhydalco.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/alcohol.html Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol Link_out
ATC Codes
  • D01AE06
  • D08AX08
  • V03AB16
  • V03AZ01
AHFS Codes
  • 84:04.92
  • 92:00.00
  • 92:02.00*
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label Not Available
MSDS show (73.1 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Abacavir Abacavir is partly metabolized through the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme system. Alcohol increases the area under the curve (about 41%) of Abacavir. Interaction does not appear to be clinically significant.
Tizanidine Ethanol increases the adverse effects of Tizanidine. The CNS depressant effects of these agents are additive.
Triprolidine Triprolidine may enhance the CNS depressant effects of Ethanol.
Food Interactions Not Available
Targets

1. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-1

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: agonist

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P14867 Link_out
Gene: GABRA1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Santhakumar V, Wallner M, Otis TS: Ethanol acts directly on extrasynaptic subtypes of GABAA receptors to increase tonic inhibition. Alcohol. 2007 May;41(3):211-21. Pubmed
  4. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed
  5. Earl DE, Tietz EI: Inhibition of recombinant L-type voltage-gated calcium channels by positive allosteric modulators of {gamma}-aminobutyric acid type A receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011 Jan 24. Pubmed

2. Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: antagonist

NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with reduced single-channel conductance, low calcium permeability and low voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine. May play a role in the development of dendritic spines. May play a role in PPP2CB-NMDAR mediated signaling mechanism

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q8TCU5 Link_out
Gene: GRIN3A Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Wang J, Lanfranco MF, Gibb SL, Ron D: Ethanol-mediated long-lasting adaptations of the NR2B-containing NMDA receptors in the dorsomedial striatum. Channels (Austin). 2011 Jul 1;5(4). Pubmed
  4. Ron D, Wang J: The NMDA Receptor and Alcohol Addiction Pubmed
  5. Williams K: Extracellular Modulation of NMDA Receptors Pubmed
  6. Xu M, Thetford Smothers C, Woodward JJ: Effects of ethanol on phosphorylation site mutants of recombinant N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. Alcohol. 2010 Dec 14. Pubmed

3. Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: agonist

The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing)

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P23415 Link_out
Gene: GLRA1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Fuentealba J, Munoz B, Yevenes G, Moraga-Cid G, Perez C, Guzman L, Rigo JM, Aguayo LG: Potentiation and inhibition of glycine receptors by tutin. Neuropharmacology. 2011 Feb-Mar;60(2-3):453-9. Epub 2010 Oct 31. Pubmed
  4. Baenziger JE, Corringer PJ: 3D structure and allosteric modulation of the transmembrane domain of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels. Neuropharmacology. 2011 Jan;60(1):116-25. Epub 2010 Aug 14. Pubmed
  5. Ye Q, Koltchine VV, Mihic SJ, Mascia MP, Wick MJ, Finn SE, Harrison NL, Harris RA: Enhancement of glycine receptor function by ethanol is inversely correlated with molecular volume at position alpha267. J Biol Chem. 1998 Feb 6;273(6):3314-9. Pubmed

4. Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: agonist

The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing)

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P23416 Link_out
Gene: GLRA2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Ye Q, Koltchine VV, Mihic SJ, Mascia MP, Wick MJ, Finn SE, Harrison NL, Harris RA: Enhancement of glycine receptor function by ethanol is inversely correlated with molecular volume at position alpha267. J Biol Chem. 1998 Feb 6;273(6):3314-9. Pubmed
  4. Baenziger JE, Corringer PJ: 3D structure and allosteric modulation of the transmembrane domain of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels. Neuropharmacology. 2011 Jan;60(1):116-25. Epub 2010 Aug 14. Pubmed

5. Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: agonist
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P07327 Link_out
Gene: ADH1A Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Hernandez-Tobias A, Julian-Sanchez A, Pina E, Riveros-Rosas H: Natural alcohol exposure: Is ethanol the main substrate for alcohol dehydrogenases in animals? Chem Biol Interact. 2011 Feb 14. Pubmed
  2. Matsumoto M, Cyganek I, Sanghani PC, Cho WK, Liangpunsakul S, Crabb DW: Ethanol metabolism by HeLa cells transduced with human alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes: control of the pathway by acetaldehyde concentration. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2011 Jan;35(1):28-38. Pubmed
  3. Nishimura FT, Kimura Y, Abe S, Fukunaga T, Saijoh K: Effects of polymorphisms in untranslated regions of the class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes on alcohol metabolism in Japanese subjects and transcriptional activity in HepG2 cells. Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi. 2009 Jun;44(3):139-55. Pubmed
  4. Jelski W, Kozlowski M, Laudanski J, Niklinski J, Szmitkowski M: The activity of class I, II, III, and IV alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in esophageal cancer. Dig Dis Sci. 2009 Apr;54(4):725-30. Epub 2008 Aug 9. Pubmed

6. Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: agonist
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P00325 Link_out
Gene: ADH1B Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Hernandez-Tobias A, Julian-Sanchez A, Pina E, Riveros-Rosas H: Natural alcohol exposure: Is ethanol the main substrate for alcohol dehydrogenases in animals? Chem Biol Interact. 2011 Feb 14. Pubmed
  2. Matsumoto M, Cyganek I, Sanghani PC, Cho WK, Liangpunsakul S, Crabb DW: Ethanol metabolism by HeLa cells transduced with human alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes: control of the pathway by acetaldehyde concentration. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2011 Jan;35(1):28-38. Pubmed
  3. Nishimura FT, Kimura Y, Abe S, Fukunaga T, Saijoh K: Effects of polymorphisms in untranslated regions of the class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes on alcohol metabolism in Japanese subjects and transcriptional activity in HepG2 cells. Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi. 2009 Jun;44(3):139-55. Pubmed
  4. Jelski W, Kozlowski M, Laudanski J, Niklinski J, Szmitkowski M: The activity of class I, II, III, and IV alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in esophageal cancer. Dig Dis Sci. 2009 Apr;54(4):725-30. Epub 2008 Aug 9. Pubmed

7. Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: agonist
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P00326 Link_out
Gene: ADH1C Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Hernandez-Tobias A, Julian-Sanchez A, Pina E, Riveros-Rosas H: Natural alcohol exposure: Is ethanol the main substrate for alcohol dehydrogenases in animals? Chem Biol Interact. 2011 Feb 14. Pubmed
  2. Matsumoto M, Cyganek I, Sanghani PC, Cho WK, Liangpunsakul S, Crabb DW: Ethanol metabolism by HeLa cells transduced with human alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes: control of the pathway by acetaldehyde concentration. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2011 Jan;35(1):28-38. Pubmed
  3. Nishimura FT, Kimura Y, Abe S, Fukunaga T, Saijoh K: Effects of polymorphisms in untranslated regions of the class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes on alcohol metabolism in Japanese subjects and transcriptional activity in HepG2 cells. Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi. 2009 Jun;44(3):139-55. Pubmed
  4. Jelski W, Kozlowski M, Laudanski J, Niklinski J, Szmitkowski M: The activity of class I, II, III, and IV alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in esophageal cancer. Dig Dis Sci. 2009 Apr;54(4):725-30. Epub 2008 Aug 9. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Cytochrome P450 2E1

Actions: substrate, inhibitor, inducer

Metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic or carcinogenic forms

UniProt ID: P05181 Link_out
Gene: CYP2E1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Flockhart DA. Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table. Indiana University School of Medicine (2007). Accessed May 28, 2010.
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
  3. Lewis DF, Modi S, Dickins M: Structure-activity relationship for human cytochrome P450 substrates and inhibitors. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):69-82. Pubmed

2. Cytochrome P450 1A1

Actions: inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P04798 Link_out
Gene: CYP1A1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

3. Cytochrome P450 1A2

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen

UniProt ID: P05177 Link_out
Gene: CYP1A2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

4. Cytochrome P450 2B6

Actions: inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P20813 Link_out
Gene: CYP2B6 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

5. Cytochrome P450 2C19

Actions: inhibitor

Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine

UniProt ID: P33261 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C19 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

6. Cytochrome P450 2C9

Actions: inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S- warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan

UniProt ID: P11712 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C9
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

7. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Actions: substrate, inhibitor, inducer

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4- hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide

UniProt ID: P08684 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A4
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

8. Cytochrome P450 4A11

Actions: inducer

Catalyzes the omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylation of various fatty acids such as laurate, myristate and palmitate. Has little activity towards prostaglandins A1 and E1

UniProt ID: Q02928 Link_out
Gene: CYP4A11 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on February 08, 2013 16:19