Alvocidib

Identification

Generic Name
Alvocidib
DrugBank Accession Number
DB03496
Background

Alvocidib is a synthetic flavonoid based on an extract from an Indian plant for the potential treatment of cancer. It works by inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinases, arresting cell division and causing apoptosis in non-small lung cancer cells.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Experimental, Investigational
Structure
Weight
Average: 401.84
Monoisotopic: 401.103000462
Chemical Formula
C21H20ClNO5
Synonyms
  • Alvocidib
  • Alvocidib freebase
  • Flavopiridol
External IDs
  • L86-8275

Pharmacology

Indication

Investigated for use/treatment in esophageal cancer, leukemia (lymphoid), lung cancer, liver cancer, and lymphoma (unspecified).

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Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Not Available

Mechanism of action

Inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases, arresting cell division and causing apoptosis in non-small lung cancer cells.

TargetActionsOrganism
UGlycogen phosphorylase, brain formNot AvailableHumans
UGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formNot AvailableHumans
UGlycogen phosphorylase, muscle formNot AvailableHumans
UCyclin-dependent kinase 7Not AvailableHumans
UCyclin-dependent kinase 5Not AvailableHumans
UCyclin-dependent kinase 9Not AvailableHumans
UCyclin-dependent kinase 1Not AvailableHumans
UCyclin-dependent kinase 6Not AvailableHumans
UEpidermal growth factor receptorNot AvailableHumans
UCyclin-dependent kinase 4Not AvailableHumans
UCyclin-dependent kinase 8Not AvailableHumans
UCyclin-dependent kinase 2
inhibitor
Humans
Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbemaciclibAbemaciclib may decrease the excretion rate of Alvocidib which could result in a higher serum level.
AdenineThe metabolism of Alvocidib can be decreased when combined with Adenine.
AfatinibAfatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Alvocidib which could result in a higher serum level.
AlectinibAlectinib may decrease the excretion rate of Alvocidib which could result in a higher serum level.
AmbroxolThe risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Alvocidib is combined with Ambroxol.
Food Interactions
Not Available

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Alvocidib hydrochlorideD48MS3A6N9131740-09-5LGMSNQNWOCSPIK-LWHGMNCYSA-N

Categories

Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavones. These are flavonoids with a structure based on the backbone of 2-phenylchromen-4-one (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one).
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Phenylpropanoids and polyketides
Class
Flavonoids
Sub Class
Flavones
Direct Parent
Flavones
Alternative Parents
5-hydroxyflavonoids / 7-hydroxyflavonoids / Phenylpiperidines / Chromones / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids / Pyranones and derivatives / Aralkylamines / Chlorobenzenes / Aryl chlorides / Heteroaromatic compounds
show 10 more
Substituents
1,2-aminoalcohol / 1-benzopyran / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid / 5-hydroxyflavonoid / 7-hydroxyflavonoid / Alcohol / Amine / Aralkylamine / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Aryl chloride
show 30 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
monochlorobenzenes, hydroxypiperidine, dihydroxyflavone (CHEBI:47344)
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
45AD6X575G
CAS number
146426-40-6
InChI Key
BIIVYFLTOXDAOV-YVEFUNNKSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C21H20ClNO5/c1-23-7-6-12(17(27)10-23)19-14(24)8-15(25)20-16(26)9-18(28-21(19)20)11-4-2-3-5-13(11)22/h2-5,8-9,12,17,24-25,27H,6-7,10H2,1H3/t12-,17+/m0/s1
IUPAC Name
2-(2-chlorophenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-[(3S,4R)-3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl]-4H-chromen-4-one
SMILES
CN1CC[C@@H]([C@H](O)C1)C1=C(O)C=C(O)C2=C1OC(=CC2=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl

References

Synthesis Reference

Kyoung Soon Kim, "Process for the preparation of chiral ketone intermediates useful for the preparation of flavopiridol and analogs." U.S. Patent US5908934, issued March, 1998.

US5908934
General References
Not Available
PubChem Compound
5287969
PubChem Substance
46507266
ChemSpider
4450222
BindingDB
5655
ChEBI
47344
ChEMBL
CHEMBL428690
ZINC
ZINC000021288966
Therapeutic Targets Database
DCL000422
PharmGKB
PA452627
PDBe Ligand
CPB
Wikipedia
Alvocidib
PDB Entries
1c8k / 1e1y / 3blr / 3ebp / 4o71

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
2Active Not RecruitingTreatmentAcute Myeloid Leukemia1
2CompletedTreatmentAcute Myeloid Leukemia With Multilineage Dysplasia Following Myelodysplastic Syndrome / Adult Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia (M7) / Adult Acute Monoblastic Leukemia (M5a) / Adult Acute Monocytic Leukemia (M5b) / Adult Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia With Maturation (M2) / Adult Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia Without Maturation (M1) / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With 11q23 (MLL) Abnormalities / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Del(5q) / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Inv(16)(p13;q22) / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Minimal Differentiation / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With T(16;16)(p13;q22) / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With T(8;21)(q22;q22) / Adult Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia (M4) / Adult Erythroleukemia (M6a) / Adult Pure Erythroid Leukemia / Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Secondary AML, sAML) / Untreated Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia1
2CompletedTreatmentAcute Myeloid Leukemia With Multilineage Dysplasia Following Myelodysplastic Syndrome / Adult Acute Monoblastic Leukemia (M5a) / Adult Acute Monocytic Leukemia (M5b) / Adult Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia With Maturation (M2) / Adult Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia Without Maturation (M1) / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With 11q23 (MLL) Abnormalities / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Del(5q) / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Inv(16)(p13;q22) / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Minimal Differentiation / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With T(16;16)(p13;q22) / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With T(8;21)(q22;q22) / Adult Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia (M4) / Adult Erythroleukemia (M6a) / Adult Pure Erythroid Leukemia / Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Secondary AML, sAML) / Untreated Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia1
2CompletedTreatmentAdenocarcinomas of the Gastroesophageal Junction / Diffuse Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach / Intestinal Type Adenocarcinoma of Stomach / Mixed Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach / Recurrent Gastric Cancer / Stage IIIA Gastric Cancer / Stage IIIB Gastric Cancer / Stage IIIC Gastric Cancer / Stage IV Gastric Cancer1
2CompletedTreatmentAdult Acute Basophilic Leukemia / Adult Acute Eosinophilic Leukemia / Adult Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia (M7) / Adult Acute Monoblastic Leukemia (M5a) / Adult Acute Monocytic Leukemia (M5b) / Adult Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia With Maturation (M2) / Adult Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia Without Maturation (M1) / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With 11q23 (MLL) Abnormalities / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Inv(16)(p13;q22) / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Minimal Differentiation / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With T(16;16)(p13;q22) / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With T(8;21)(q22;q22) / Adult Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia (M4) / Adult Erythroleukemia (M6a) / Adult Pure Erythroid Leukemia / Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Secondary AML, sAML) / Untreated Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
Not Available
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.094 mg/mLALOGPS
logP2.81ALOGPS
logP2.09Chemaxon
logS-3.6ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)6.82Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)7.7Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area90.23 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count2Chemaxon
Refractivity107.74 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability40.85 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings4Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9932
Blood Brain Barrier-0.557
Caco-2 permeable+0.6029
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.9095
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.8213
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.7929
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.6429
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.7975
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.6651
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.6517
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.6845
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8621
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7374
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7358
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9008
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.8937
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.7686
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.9375
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9923
Rat acute toxicity2.7659 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.5312
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.715
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0udi-0001900000-684dcffe5c484d91fb08
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0udi-3003900000-a743fa584bfe62dbb37b
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0009200000-0d5e64faea5db5b0a84d
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-9007400000-43d4369f97e4d4aa7344
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0ugj-1019100000-42f0dc3cd222281aa010
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-8249000000-5424fbd4517232074d91
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-185.0696
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+187.46516
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+193.3777
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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insights and accelerate drug research.
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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Pyridoxal phosphate binding
Specific Function
Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known ...
Gene Name
PYGB
Uniprot ID
P11216
Uniprot Name
Glycogen phosphorylase, brain form
Molecular Weight
96695.18 Da
References
  1. Kaiser A, Nishi K, Gorin FA, Walsh DA, Bradbury EM, Schnier JB: The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor flavopiridol inhibits glycogen phosphorylase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2001 Feb 15;386(2):179-87. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Vitamin binding
Specific Function
Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known ...
Gene Name
PYGL
Uniprot ID
P06737
Uniprot Name
Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form
Molecular Weight
97147.82 Da
References
  1. Kaiser A, Nishi K, Gorin FA, Walsh DA, Bradbury EM, Schnier JB: The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor flavopiridol inhibits glycogen phosphorylase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2001 Feb 15;386(2):179-87. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Pyridoxal phosphate binding
Specific Function
Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known ...
Gene Name
PYGM
Uniprot ID
P11217
Uniprot Name
Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form
Molecular Weight
97091.265 Da
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
  3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
Details
4. Cyclin-dependent kinase 7
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Transcription coactivator activity
Specific Function
Serine/threonine kinase involved in cell cycle control and in RNA polymerase II-mediated RNA transcription. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are activated by the binding to a cyclin and mediate the ...
Gene Name
CDK7
Uniprot ID
P50613
Uniprot Name
Cyclin-dependent kinase 7
Molecular Weight
39038.005 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Details
5. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Tau-protein kinase activity
Specific Function
Proline-directed serine/threonine-protein kinase essential for neuronal cell cycle arrest and differentiation and may be involved in apoptotic cell death in neuronal diseases by triggering abortive...
Gene Name
CDK5
Uniprot ID
Q00535
Uniprot Name
Cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5
Molecular Weight
33304.125 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Details
6. Cyclin-dependent kinase 9
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Transcription regulatory region dna binding
Specific Function
Protein kinase involved in the regulation of transcription. Member of the cyclin-dependent kinase pair (CDK9/cyclin-T) complex, also called positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), whic...
Gene Name
CDK9
Uniprot ID
P50750
Uniprot Name
Cyclin-dependent kinase 9
Molecular Weight
42777.155 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Details
7. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Rna polymerase ii carboxy-terminal domain kinase activity
Specific Function
Plays a key role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle by modulating the centrosome cycle as well as mitotic onset; promotes G2-M transition, and regulates G1 progress and G1-S transition via...
Gene Name
CDK1
Uniprot ID
P06493
Uniprot Name
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1
Molecular Weight
34095.14 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Details
8. Cyclin-dependent kinase 6
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Specific Function
Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the control of the cell cycle and differentiation; promotes G1/S transition. Phosphorylates pRB/RB1 and NPM1. Interacts with D-type G1 cyclins during int...
Gene Name
CDK6
Uniprot ID
Q00534
Uniprot Name
Cyclin-dependent kinase 6
Molecular Weight
36938.025 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Ubiquitin protein ligase binding
Specific Function
Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. Known ligands include EGF, TG...
Gene Name
EGFR
Uniprot ID
P00533
Uniprot Name
Epidermal growth factor receptor
Molecular Weight
134276.185 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Details
10. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity
Specific Function
Ser/Thr-kinase component of cyclin D-CDK4 (DC) complexes that phosphorylate and inhibit members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulate the cell-cycle during G(1)/S tra...
Gene Name
CDK4
Uniprot ID
P11802
Uniprot Name
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4
Molecular Weight
33729.55 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Details
11. Cyclin-dependent kinase 8
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Ubiquitin protein ligase activity
Specific Function
Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in regulated gene transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from ...
Gene Name
CDK8
Uniprot ID
P49336
Uniprot Name
Cyclin-dependent kinase 8
Molecular Weight
53283.335 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Details
12. Cyclin-dependent kinase 2
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Metal ion binding
Specific Function
Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the control of the cell cycle; essential for meiosis, but dispensable for mitosis. Phosphorylates CTNNB1, USP37, p53/TP53, NPM1, CDK7, RB1, BRCA2, MYC, N...
Gene Name
CDK2
Uniprot ID
P24941
Uniprot Name
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2
Molecular Weight
33929.215 Da
References
  1. Zvelebil MJ: Flavopiridol Hoechst AG. IDrugs. 1998 Jun;1(2):241-6. [Article]
  2. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid binding
Specific Function
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the...
Gene Name
UGT1A1
Uniprot ID
P22309
Uniprot Name
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1
Molecular Weight
59590.91 Da
References
  1. Williams JA, Hyland R, Jones BC, Smith DA, Hurst S, Goosen TC, Peterkin V, Koup JR, Ball SE: Drug-drug interactions for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates: a pharmacokinetic explanation for typically observed low exposure (AUCi/AUC) ratios. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Nov;32(11):1201-8. doi: 10.1124/dmd.104.000794. Epub 2004 Aug 10. [Article]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
High-capacity urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion. Plays a role in porphyrin homeostasis as it is able to mediates the export of protoporhyrin IX (PPIX) both fro...
Gene Name
ABCG2
Uniprot ID
Q9UNQ0
Uniprot Name
ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2
Molecular Weight
72313.47 Da
References
  1. Nakanishi T, Karp JE, Tan M, Doyle LA, Peters T, Yang W, Wei D, Ross DD: Quantitative analysis of breast cancer resistance protein and cellular resistance to flavopiridol in acute leukemia patients. Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Aug 15;9(9):3320-8. [Article]
  2. Nakanishi T, Doyle LA, Hassel B, Wei Y, Bauer KS, Wu S, Pumplin DW, Fang HB, Ross DD: Functional characterization of human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) expressed in the oocytes of Xenopus laevis. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Dec;64(6):1452-62. [Article]
  3. Shi Z, Parmar S, Peng XX, Shen T, Robey RW, Bates SE, Fu LW, Shao Y, Chen YM, Zang F, Chen ZS: The epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 and erlotinib reverse ABCG2-mediated drug resistance. Oncol Rep. 2009 Feb;21(2):483-9. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 03, 2024 02:34