| Version |
2.5 |
| Creation Date |
2005-06-13 13:24:05 |
| Update Date |
2009-06-23 18:06:52 |
| Primary Accession Number |
DB00238 |
| Secondary Accession Number |
|
| Name |
Nevirapine |
| Drug Type |
|
| Description |
A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. [PubChem] |
| Synonyms |
- NEV
- NVP
|
| Brand Names |
- Viramune
|
| Brand Mixtures |
Not Available |
| Chemical IUPAC Name |
1-cyclopropyl-5,11-dihydro-4-methyl-6H-dipyrido [3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4] diazepin-6-one |
| Chemical Formula |
C15H14N4O |
| Chemical Structure |
 |
| CAS Registry Number |
129618-40-2 |
| InChI Identifier |
InChI=1/C15H14N4O/c1-9-6-8-17-14-12(9)18-15(20)11-3-2-7-16-13(11)19(14)10-4-5-10/h2-3,6-8,10H,4-5H2,1H3,(H,18,20)/f/h18H |
| InChI Key |
NQDJXKOVJZTUJA-GPQMBLKYCB |
| KEGG Drug |
D00435  |
| KEGG Compound |
C07263  |
| PubChem Compound |
4463  |
| PubChem Substance |
197039  |
| ChEBI ID |
Not Available |
| PharmGKB ID |
PA450616  |
| HET ID |
NEV  |
| GenBank ID |
Not Available |
| Drug ID Number [DIN] |
02238748  |
| RxList Link |
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/nevira.htm  |
| PDRhealth Link |
Not Available |
| Wikipedia Link |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevirapine  |
| FDA Label |
|
| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) |
|
| Synthesis Reference |
Hargrave, Karl D., et al.; J.Med.Chem.; 34; 7;2231-2241(1991). |
| Average Molecular Weight |
266.2979 |
| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight |
266.1168 |
| State |
Solid |
| Melting Point |
196.06 |
| Experimental Water Solubility |
0.7046 mg/L
Source: PhysProp
|
| Predicted Water Solubility |
1.05e-01 mg/mL
Calculated using ALOGPS
|
| Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity |
2.5
Source: PhysProp
|
| Predicted LogP |
1.74
Calculated using ALOGPS
|
| Experimental LogS |
Not Available |
| Predicted LogS |
-3.41
Calculated using ALOGPS
|
| Experimental Caco2 Permeability |
-4.52 [ADME Research, USCD] |
| pKa/Isoelectric Point |
Not Available |
| Mass Spectrum |
Not Available
|
| MOL File |
Show | Download  |
| SDF File |
Show | Download  |
| PDB File |
Show | Download  |
| 2D Structure |
|
| 3D Structure |
|
| Experimental PDB ID |
Not Available |
| Isomeric SMILES |
CC1=C2NC(=O)C3=C(N=CC=C3)N(C3CC3)C2=NC=C1 |
| Canonical SMILES |
CC1=C2NC(=O)C3=C(N=CC=C3)N(C3CC3)C2=NC=C1 |
| Drug Category |
- Anti-HIV Agents
- Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
- Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
|
| ATC Codes |
|
| AHFS Codes |
|
| Indication |
For use in combination with other antiretroviral drugs in the ongoing treatment of HIV-1 infection. |
| Pharmacology |
Nevirapine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nNRTI) with activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1). HIV-2 RT and eukaryotic DNA polymerases (such as human DNA polymerases alpha, beta, or sigma) are not inhibited by nevirapine. Nevirapine is, in general, only prescribed after the immune system has declined and infections have become evident. It is always taken with at least one other HIV medication such as Retrovir or Videx. The virus can develop resistance to nevirapine if the drug is taken alone, although even if used properly, nevirapine is effective for only a limited time. |
| Mechanism of Action |
Nevirapine binds directly to reverse transcriptase (RT) and blocks the RNA-dependent and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities by causing a disruption of the enzyme's catalytic site. The activity of nevirapine does not compete with template or nucleoside triphosphates. |
| Absorption |
90% (absolute bioavailability 93 ± 9%) |
| Toxicity |
Symptoms of overdose include edema, erythema nodosum, fatigue, fever, headache, insomnia, nausea, pulmonaryinfiltrates, rash, vertigo, vomiting, and weight decrease. |
| Protein Binding |
60% |
| Biotransformation |
Hepatic. In vivo studies in humans and in vitro studies with human liver microsomes have shown that nevirapine is extensively biotransformed via cytochrome P450 3A4 metabolism to several hydroxylated metabolites. |
| Half Life |
45 hours |
| Dosage Forms |
|
| Patient Information |
Show  |
| Contraindications |
Show  |
| Interactions |
Show  |
| Drug Interactions |
| Drug |
Interaction |
| Acenocoumarol |
Nevirapine decreases the anticoagulant effect |
| Anisindione |
Nevirapine decreases the anticoagulant effect |
| Atazanavir |
Decreases levels/effect of atazanavir |
| Atorvastatin |
The NNRT inhibitor increases the effect and toxicity of the statin |
| Dicumarol |
Nevirapine decreases the anticoagulant effect |
| Ketoconazole |
Decreases the effect of ketoconazole |
| Lovastatin |
The NNRT inhibitor increases the effect and toxicity of the statin |
| Methadone |
The antiretroviral agent decreases the effect of methadone |
| Nelfinavir |
Decreases the effect of nelfinavir |
| Quinupristin |
This combination presents an increased risk of toxicity |
| Saquinavir |
Decreases the effect of saquinavir |
| Simvastatin |
The NNRT inhibitor increases the effect and toxicity of the statin |
| St. John's Wort |
St. John's Wort decreases nevirapine effect |
| Warfarin |
Nevirapine decreases the anticoagulant effect |
|
| Food Interactions |
- Avoid alcohol.
- Take without regard to meals.
|
| Pathways |
Not Available
|
| General References |
- Drugs.com

- Wikipedia

- RxList

|
| Organisms Affected |
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus
|
| Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzymes |
- Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)
- Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6)
|
| Targets |
- Gag-Pol polyprotein
|
|
Drug Target 1
[top]
|
| Target 1 ID |
864 |
| Target 1 Name |
Gag-Pol polyprotein |
| Target 1 Synonyms |
- Pr160Gag-Pol
|
| Target 1 Gene Name |
gag |
| Target 1 Protein Sequence |
>Gag-Pol polyprotein
GARASVLSGGELDKWEKIRLRPGGKKKYKLKHIVWASRELERFAVNPGLLETSEGCRQIL
GQLQPSLQTGSEELRSLYNTVATLYCVHQRIDVKDTKEALEKIEEEQNKSKKKAQQAAAA
AGTGNSSQVSQNYPIVQNLQGQMVHQAISPRTLNAWVKVVEEKAFSPEVIPMFSALSEGA
TPQDLNTMLNTVGGHQAAMQMLKETINEEAAEWDRVHPVHAGPIAPGQMREPRGSDIAGT
TSTLQEQIGWMTNNPPIPVGEIYKRWIILGLNKIVRMYSPTSILDIRQGPKEPFRDYVDR
FYKTLRAEQASQDVKNWMTETLLVQNANPDCKTILKALGPAATLEEMMTACQGVGGPGHK
ARVLAEAMSQVTNPANIMMQRGNFRNQRKTVKCFNCGKEGHIAKNCRAPRKKGCWRCGRE
GHQMKDCTERQANFLREDLAFLQGKAREFSSEQTRANSPTRRELQVWGGENNSLSEAGAD
RQGTVSFNFPQITLWQRPLVTIRIGGQLKEALLDTGADDTVLEEMNLPGKWKPKMIGGIG
GFIKVRQYDQIPVEICGHKAIGTVLVGPTPVNIIGRNLLTQIGCTLNFPISPIETVPVKL
KPGMDGPKVKQWPLTEEKIKALVEICTEMEKEGKISKIGPENPYNTPVFAIKKKDSTKWR
KLVDFRELNKRTQDFWEVQLGIPHPAGLKKKKSVTVLDVGDAYFSVPLDKDFRKYTAFTI
PSINNETPGIRYQYNVLPQGWKGSPAIFQSSMTKILEPFRKQNPDIVIYQYMDDLYVGSD
LEIGQHRTKIEELRQHLLRWGFTTPDKKHQKEPPFLWMGYELHPDKWTVQPIMLPEKDSW
TVNDIQKLVGKLNWASQIYAGIKVKQLCKLLRGTKALTEVIPLTEEAELELAENREILKE
PVHEVYYDPSKDLVAEIQKQGQGQWTYQIYQEPFKNLKTGKYARMRGAHTNDVKQLTEAV
QKVSTESIVIWGKIPKFKLPIQKETWEAWWMEYWQATWIPEWEFVNTPPLVKLWYQLEKE
PIVGAETFYVDGAANRETKLGKAGYVTDRGRQKVVSIADTTNQKTELQAIHLALQDSGLE
VNIVTDSQYALGIIQAQPDKSESELVSQIIEQLIKKEKVYLAWVPAHKGIGGNEQVDKLV
SAGIRKVLFLNGIDKAQEEHEKYHSNWRAMASDFNLPPVVAKEIVASCDKCQLKGEAMHG
QVDCSPGIWQLDCTHLEGKIILVAVHVASGYIEAEVIPAETGQETAYFLLKLAGRWPVKT
IHTDNGSNFTSTTVKAACWWAGIKQEFGIPYNPQSQGVVESMNNELKKIIGQVRDQAEHL
KTAVQMAVFIHNFKRKGGIGGYSAGERIVDIIATDIQTKELQKQITKIQNFRVYYRDNKD
PLWKGPAKLLWKGEGAVVIQDNSDIKVVPRRKAKIIRDYGKQMAGDDCVASRQDED
|
| Target 1 Number of Residues |
1459 |
| Target 1 Molecular Weight |
161886 |
| Target 1 Theoretical pI |
9.02 |
| Target 1 GO Classification |
|
Function
|
RNA binding
transferase activity
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
nucleotidyltransferase activity
RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
DNA binding
hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
nuclease activity
endonuclease activity
endoribonuclease activity
endoribonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
ribonuclease H activity
nucleic acid binding
hydrolase activity
peptidase activity
endopeptidase activity
aspartic-type endopeptidase activity
structural molecule activity
binding
ion binding
cation binding
transition metal ion binding
zinc ion binding
catalytic activity
integrase activity |
|
Process
|
DNA replication
RNA-dependent DNA replication
DNA recombination
macromolecule metabolism
protein metabolism
cellular protein metabolism
proteolysis
physiological process
metabolism
cellular metabolism
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
DNA metabolism
DNA integration
viral life cycle |
|
Component
|
| Not Available |
|
| Target 1 General Function |
Involved in RNA binding |
| Target 1 Specific Function |
Integrase performs the integration of the newly synthesized dsDNA copy of the viral genome into the host chromosome. The integrated DNA is called provirus |
| Target 1 Pathways |
|
| Target 1 Reactions |
- deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn = diphosphate + DNAn+1
|
| Target 1 Pfam Domain Function |
|
| Target 1 Signals |
|
| Target 1 Transmembrane Regions |
|
| Target 1 Essentiality |
Non-Essential |
| Target 1 GenBank ID Protein |
328661  |
| Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID |
P03369  |
| Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name |
POL_HV1A2  |
| Target 1 PDB ID |
1VRU  |
| Target 1 PDB File |
Show |
| Target 1 3D Structure |
|
| Target 1 Cellular Location |
- Nucleus. Cytoplasm (By similarity). Following virus entry, the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of
|
| Target 1 Gene Sequence |
>3012 bp
TTTTTTAGGGAAGATCTGGCCTTCCTACAAGGGAAGGCCAGGGAATTTTCTTCAGAGCAG
ACCAGAGCCAACAGCCCCACCAGAAGAGAGCTTCAGGTTTGGGGAGGAGAAAACAACTCC
CTCTCAGAAGCAGGAGCCGATAGACAAGGAACTGTATCCTTTAACTTCCCTCAGATCACT
CTTTGGCAACGACCCCTCGTCACAATAAGGATAGGGGGGCAACTAAAGGAAGCTCTATTA
GATACAGGAGCAGATGATACAGTATTAGAAGAAATGAATTTGCCAGGAAAATGGAAACCA
AAAATGATAGGGGGAATTGGAGGTTTTATCAAAGTAAGACAGTACGATCAGATACCTGTA
GAAATCTGTGGACATAAAGCTATAGGTACAGTATTAGTAGGACCTACACCTGTCAACATA
ATTGGAAGAAATCTGTTGACTCAGATTGGTTGTACTTTAAATTTCCCCATTAGTCCTATT
GAAACTGTACCAGTAAAATTAAAGCCAGGAATGGATGGCCCAAAAGTTAAGCAATGGCCA
TTGACAGAAGAAAAAATAAAAGCATTAGTAGAGATATGTACAGAAATGGAAAAGGAAGGG
AAAATTTCAAAAATTGGGCCTGAAAATCCATACAATACTCCAGTATTTGCTATAAAGAAA
AAAGACAGTACTAAATGGAGAAAACTAGTAGATTTCAGAGAACTTAATAAAAGAACTCAA
GACTTCTGGGAAGTTCAGTTAGGAATACCACACCCCGCAGGGTTAAAAAAGAAAAAATCA
GTAACAGTATTGGATGTGGGTGATGCATACTTTTCAGTTCCCTTAGATAAAGACTTTAGA
AAGTATACTGCATTTACCATACCTAGTATAAACAATGAGACACCAGGGATTAGATATCAG
TACAATGTGCTGCCACAGGGATGGAAAGGATCACCAGCAATATTCCAAAGTAGCATGACA
AAAATCTTAGAGCCTTTTAGAAAACAGAATCCAGACATAGTTATCTATCAATACATGGAT
GATTTGTATGTAGGATCTGACTTAGAAATAGGGCAGCATAGAACAAAAATAGAGGAACTG
AGACAGCATCTGTTGAGGTGGGGATTTACCACACCAGACAAAAAACATCAGAAAGAACCT
CCATTCCTTTGGATGGGTTATGAACTCCATCCTGATAAATGGACAGTACAGCCTATAATG
CTGCCAGAAAAAGACAGCTGGACTGTCAATGACATACAGAAGTTAGTGGGAAAATTGAAT
TGGGCAAGTCAGATTTATGCAGGGATTAAAGTAAAGCAGTTATGTAAACTCCTTAGAGGA
ACCAAAGCACTAACAGAAGTAATACCACTAACAGAAGAAGCAGAGCTAGAACTGGCAGAA
AACAGGGAGATTCTAAAAGAACCAGTACATGAAGTATATTATGACCCATCAAAAGACTTA
GTAGCAGAAATACAGAAGCAGGGGCAAGGCCAATGGACATATCAAATTTATCAAGAGCCA
TTTAAAAATCTGAAAACAGGAAAGTATGCAAGGATGAGGGGTGCCCACACTAATGATGTA
AAACAGTTAACAGAGGCAGTGCAAAAAGTATCCACAGAAAGCATAGTAATATGGGGAAAG
ATTCCTAAATTTAAACTACCCATACAAAAGGAAACATGGGAAGCATGGTGGATGGAGTAT
TGGCAAGCTACCTGGATTCCTGAGTGGGAGTTTGTCAATACCCCTCCCTTAGTGAAATTA
TGGTACCAGTTAGAGAAAGAACCCATAGTAGGAGCAGAAACTTTCTATGTAGATGGGGCA
GCTAATAGGGAGACTAAATTAGGAAAAGCAGGATATGTTACTGACAGAGGAAGACAAAAA
GTTGTCTCCATAGCTGACACAACAAATCAGAAGACTGAATTACAAGCAATTCATCTAGCT
TTGCAGGATTCGGGATTAGAAGTAAACATAGTAACAGACTCACAATATGCATTAGGAATC
ATTCAAGCACAACCAGATAAGAGTGAATCAGAGTTAGTCAGTCAAATAATAGAGCAGTTA
ATAAAAAAGGAAAAGGTCTACCTGGCATGGGTACCAGCACACAAAGGAATTGGAGGAAAT
GAACAAGTAGATAAATTAGTCAGTGCTGGAATCAGGAAAGTACTATTTTTGAATGGAATA
GATAAGGCCCAAGAAGAACATGAGAAATATCACAGTAATTGGAGAGCAATGGCTAGTGAT
TTTAACCTGCCACCTGTAGTAGCAAAAGAAATAGTAGCCAGCTGTGATAAATGTCAGCTA
AAAGGAGAAGCCATGCATGGACAAGTAGACTGTAGTCCAGGAATATGGCAACTAGATTGT
ACACATCTAGAAGGAAAAATTATCCTGGTAGCAGTTCATGTAGCCAGTGGATATATAGAA
GCAGAAGTTATTCCAGCAGAGACAGGGCAGGAAACAGCATATTTTCTCTTAAAATTAGCA
GGAAGATGGCCAGTAAAAACAATACATACAGACAATGGCAGCAATTTCACCAGTACTACG
GTTAAGGCCGCCTGTTGGTGGGCAGGGATCAAGCAGGAATTTGGCATTCCCTACAATCCC
CAAAGTCAAGGAGTAGTAGAATCTATGAATAATGAATTAAAGAAAATTATAGGACAGGTA
AGAGATCAGGCTGAACACCTTAAGACAGCAGTACAAATGGCAGTATTCATCCACAATTTT
AAAAGAAAAGGGGGGATTGGGGGATACAGTGCAGGGGAAAGAATAGTAGACATAATAGCA
ACAGACATACAAACTAAAGAACTACAAAAGCAAATTACAAAAATTCAAAATTTTCGGGTT
TATTACAGGGACAACAAAGATCCCCTTTGGAAAGGACCAGCAAAGCTTCTCTGGAAAGGT
GAAGGGGCAGTAGTAATACAAGATAATAGTGACATAAAAGTAGTGCCAAGAAGAAAAGCA
AAAATCATTAGGGATTATGGAAAACAGATGGCAGGTGATGATTGTGTGGCAAGTAGACAG
GATGAGGATTAG
|
| Target 1 GenBank Gene ID |
|
| Target 1 GeneCard ID |
Not Available |
| Target 1 GenAtlas ID |
Not Available |
| Target 1 HGNC ID |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Chromosome Location |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Locus |
Not Available |
| Target 1 SNPs |
SNPJam Report  |
| Target 1 General References |
- Tyndall JD, Reid RC, Tyssen DP, Jardine DK, Todd B, Passmore M, March DR, Pattenden LK, Bergman DA, Alewood D, Hu SH, Alewood PF, Birch CJ, Martin JL, Fairlie DP: Synthesis, stability, antiviral activity, and protease-bound structures of substrate-mimicking constrained macrocyclic inhibitors of HIV-1 protease. J Med Chem. 2000 Sep 21;43(19):3495-504. [PubMed
]
- Prabu-Jeyabalan M, Nalivaika E, Schiffer CA: Substrate shape determines specificity of recognition for HIV-1 protease: analysis of crystal structures of six substrate complexes. Structure. 2002 Mar;10(3):369-81. [PubMed
]
- Jacks T, Power MD, Masiarz FR, Luciw PA, Barr PJ, Varmus HE: Characterization of ribosomal frameshifting in HIV-1 gag-pol expression. Nature. 1988 Jan 21;331(6153):280-3. [PubMed
]
- Wlodawer A, Miller M, Jaskolski M, Sathyanarayana BK, Baldwin E, Weber IT, Selk LM, Clawson L, Schneider J, Kent SB: Conserved folding in retroviral proteases: crystal structure of a synthetic HIV-1 protease. Science. 1989 Aug 11;245(4918):616-21. [PubMed
]
- Sanchez-Pescador R, Power MD, Barr PJ, Steimer KS, Stempien MM, Brown-Shimer SL, Gee WW, Renard A, Randolph A, Levy JA, et al.: Nucleotide sequence and expression of an AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV-2). Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):484-92. [PubMed
]
- Rose RB, Craik CS, Douglas NL, Stroud RM: Three-dimensional structures of HIV-1 and SIV protease product complexes. Biochemistry. 1996 Oct 1;35(39):12933-44. [PubMed
]
- Rutenber EE, McPhee F, Kaplan AP, Gallion SL, Hogan JC Jr, Craik CS, Stroud RM: A new class of HIV-1 protease inhibitor: the crystallographic structure, inhibition and chemical synthesis of an aminimide peptide isostere. Bioorg Med Chem. 1996 Sep;4(9):1545-58. [PubMed
]
- Turner BG, Summers MF: Structural biology of HIV. J Mol Biol. 1999 Jan 8;285(1):1-32. [PubMed
]
|
| Target 1 Drug References |
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed
]
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed
]
|