Drugbank Logo

Showing drug card for Carteolol (DB00521)

Legend: drug field target field enzyme field

for drugs
Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-06-13 13:24:05
Update Date 2009-04-16 16:47:46
Primary Accession Number DB00521
Secondary Accession Number
  • APRD00195
Name Carteolol
Drug Type
  • Approved
  • Small Molecule
Description A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent. [PubChem]
Synonyms
  1. Carteolol HCl
  2. Carteolol Hydrochloride
  3. Carteololum [INN-Latin]
Brand Names
  1. Cartrol
  2. Endak Hydrochloride
  3. Ocupress
Brand Mixtures Not Available
Chemical IUPAC Name 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one
Chemical Formula C16H24N2O3
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 51781-06-7
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C16H24N2O3/c1-16(2,3)17-9-11(19)10-21-14-6-4-5-13-12(14)7-8-15(20)18-13/h4-6,11,17,19H,7-10H2,1-3H3,(H,18,20)/f/h18H
InChI Key LWAFSWPYPHEXKX-GPQMBLKYCB
KEGG Drug Not Available
KEGG Compound C06874 Link Image
PubChem Compound 2583 Link Image
PubChem Substance 9091 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
PharmGKB ID PA448815 Link Image
HET ID Not Available
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] Not Available
RxList Link http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/carteol.htm Link Image
PDRhealth Link Not Available
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carteolol Link Image
FDA Label Not Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Not Available
Synthesis Reference Not Available
Average Molecular Weight 292.3734
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 292.1787
State Solid
Melting Point Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 4.21e-01 mg/mL Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 1.1 Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP 1.05 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS Not Available
Predicted LogS -2.84 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability Not Available
pKa/Isoelectric Point Not Available
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Isomeric SMILES CC(C)(C)NC[C@@H](O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1CCC(=O)N2
Canonical SMILES CC(C)(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1CCC(=O)N2
Drug Category
  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
  • Anti-Arrhythmia Agents
  • Antihypertensive Agents
  • Sympatholytics
ATC Codes
AHFS Codes Not Available
Indication For the treatment of intraocular hypertension and chronic open-angle glaucoma
Pharmacology Carteolol is a beta1 and beta2 (non-selective) adrenergic receptor-blocking agent that does not have significant intrinsic sympathomimetic, direct myocardial depressant, or local anesthetic (membrane-stabilizing) activity. Carteolol, when applied topically to the eye, has the action of reducing elevated, as well as normal, intraocular pressure, whether or not accompanied by glaucoma. Elevated intraocular pressure is a major risk factor in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous visual field loss and optic nerve damage. Carteolol reduces intraocular pressure with little or no effect on pupil size or accommodation in contrast to the miosis which cholinergic agents are known to produce.
Mechanism of Action The primary mechanism of the ocular hypotensive action of carteolol in reducing intraocular pressure is most likely a decrease in aqueous humor production.
Absorption Not Available
Toxicity The most common effects expected with overdosage of a beta-adrenergic blocking agent are bradycardia, bronchospasm, congestive heart failure and hypotension.
Protein Binding Not Available
Biotransformation Hepatic.
Half Life Not Available
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Solution Ophthalmic
Patient Information Not Available
Contraindications Show Link Image
Interactions Show Link Image
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available
Pathways Not Available
General References
  1. Trinquand C, Romanet JP, Nordmann JP, Allaire C: [Efficacy and safety of long-acting carteolol 1% once daily. A double-masked, randomized study] J Fr Ophtalmol. 2003 Feb;26(2):131-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Kuwahara K, Oizumi N, Fujisawa S, Tanito M, Ohira A: Carteolol hydrochloride protects human corneal epithelial cells from UVB-induced damage in vitro. Cornea. 2005 Mar;24(2):213-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. El-Kamel A, Al-Dosari H, Al-Jenoobi F: Environmentally responsive ophthalmic gel formulation of carteolol hydrochloride. Drug Deliv. 2006 Jan-Feb;13(1):55-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Drugs.com Link Image
  5. Wikipedia Link Image
  6. RxList Link Image
Organisms Affected
  • Humans and other mammals
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzymes
  1. Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)
Targets
  1. Beta-1 adrenergic receptor
  2. Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 Name Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)
Enzyme 1 Gene Name CYP2D6
Enzyme 1 SwissProt ID P10635 Link Image
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >sp|P10635|CP2D6_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2D6 (EC 1.14.14.1) 
MGLEALVPLAVIVAIFLLLVDLMHRRQRWAARYPPGPLPLPGLGNLLHVDFQNTPYCFDQ
LRRRFGDVFSLQLAWTPVVVLNGLAAVREALVTHGEDTADRPPVPITQILGFGPRSQGVF
LARYGPAWREQRRFSVSTLRNLGLGKKSLEQWVTEEAACLCAAFANHSGRPFRPNGLLDK
AVSNVIASLTCGRRFEYDDPRFLRLLDLAQEGLKEESGFLREVLNAVPVLLHIPALAGKV
LRFQKAFLTQLDELLTEHRMTWDPAQPPRDLTEAFLAEMEKAKGNPESSFNDENLRIVVA
DLFSAGMVTTSTTLAWGLLLMILHPDVQRRVQQEIDDVIGQVRRPEMGDQAHMPYTTAVI
HEVQRFGDIVPLGMTHMTSRDIEVQGFRIPKGTTLITNLSSVLKDEAVWEKPFRFHPEHF
LDAQGHFVKPEAFLPFSAGRRACLGEPLARMELFLFFTSLLQHFSFSVPTGQPRPSHHGV
FAFLVSPSPYELCAVPR
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 193
Target 1 Name Beta-1 adrenergic receptor
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. Beta-1 adrenoceptor
  2. Beta-1 adrenoreceptor
Target 1 Gene Name ADRB1
Target 1 Protein Sequence >Beta-1 adrenergic receptor 
MGAGVLVLGASEPGNLSSAAPLPDGAATAARLLVPASPPASLLPPASESPEPLSQQWTAG
MGLLMALIVLLIVAGNVLVIVAIAKTPRLQTLTNLFIMSLASADLVMGLLVVPFGATIVV
WGRWEYGSFFCELWTSVDVLCVTASIETLCVIALDRYLAITSPFRYQSLLTRARARGLVC
TVWAISALVSFLPILMHWWRAESDEARRCYNDPKCCDFVTNRAYAIASSVVSFYVPLCIM
AFVYLRVFREAQKQVKKIDSCERRFLGGPARPPSPSPSPVPAPAPPPGPPRPAAAAATAP
LANGRAGKRRPSRLVALREQKALKTLGIIMGVFTLCWLPFFLANVVKAFHRELVPDRLFV
FFNWLGYANSAFNPIIYCRSPDFRKAFQRLLCCARRAARRRHATHGDRPRASGCLARPGP
PPSPGAASDDDDDDVVGATPPARLLEPWAGCNGGAAADSDSSLDEPCRPGFASESKV
Target 1 Number of Residues 484
Target 1 Molecular Weight 51323
Target 1 Theoretical pI 9.03
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity
rhodopsin-like receptor activity
amine receptor activity
adrenoceptor activity
beta-adrenergic receptor activity
beta1-adrenergic receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 1 General Function Involved in beta1-adrenergic receptor activity
Target 1 Specific Function Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. This receptor binds epinephrine and norepinephrine with approximately equal affinity
Target 1 Pathways Not Available
Target 1 Reactions Not Available
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function
Target 1 Signals
  • None
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • 60-83
  • 97-120
  • 132-155
  • 176-199
  • 222-245
  • 326-349
  • 357-380
Target 1 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein 178200 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P08588 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ADRB1_HUMAN Link Image
Target 1 PDB ID Not Available
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Cell membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein. Localized at the plasma membrane. Found in the Golgi upo
Target 1 Gene Sequence >1434 bp 
ATGGGCGCGGGGGTGCTCGTCCTGGGCGCCTCCGAGCCCGGTAACCTGTCGTCGGCCGCA
CCGCTCCCCGACGGCGCGGCCACCGCGGCGCGGCTGCTGGTGCCCGCGTCGCCGCCCGCC
TCGTTGCTGCCTCCCGCCAGCGAAAGCCCCGAGCCGCTGTCTCAGCAGTGGACAGCGGGC
ATGGGTCTGCTGATGGCGCTCATCGTGCTGCTCATCGTGGCGGGCAATGTGCTGGTGATC
GTGGCCATCGCCAAGACGCCGCGGCTGCAGACGCTCACCAACCTCTTCATCATGTCCCTG
GCCAGCGCCGACCTGGTCATGGGGCTGCTGGTGGTGCCGTTCGGGGCCACCATCGTGGTG
TGGGGCCGCTGGGAGTACGGCTCCTTCTTCTGCGAGCTGTGGACCTCAGTGGACGTGCTG
TGCGTGACGGCCAGCATCGAGACCCTGTGTGTCATTGCCCTGGACCGCTACCTCGCCATC
ACCTCGCCCTTCCGCTACCAGAGCCTGCTGACGCGCGCGCGGGCGCGGGGCCTCGTGTGC
ACCGTGTGGGCCATCTCGGCCCTGGTGTCCTTCCTGCCCATCCTCATGCACTGGTGGCGG
GCGGAGAGCGACGAGGCGCGCCGCTGCTACAACGACCCCAAGTGCTGCGACTTCGTCACC
AACCGGGCCTACGCCATCGCCTCGTCCGTAGTCTCCTTCTACGTGCCCCTGTGCATCATG
GCCTTCGTGTACCTGCGGGTGTTCCGCGAGGCCCAGAAGCAGGTGAAGAAGATCGACAGC
TGCGAGCGCCGTTTCCTCGGCGGCCCAGCGCGGCCGCCCTCGCCCTCGCCCTCGCCCGTC
CCCGCGCCCGCGCCGCCGCCCGGACCCCCGCGCCCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCACCGCCCCG
CTGGCCAACGGGCGTGCGGGTAAGCGGCGGCCCTCGCGCCTCGTGGCCCTACGCGAGCAG
AAGGCGCTCAAGACGCTGGGCATCATCATGGGCGTCTTCACGCTCTGCTGGCTGCCCTTC
TTCCTGGCCAACGTGGTGAAGGCCTTCCACCGCGAGCTGGTGCCCGACCGCCTCTTCGTC
TTCTTCAACTGGCTGGGCTACGCCAACTCGGCCTTCAACCCCATCATCTACTGCCGCAGC
CCCGACTTCCGCAAGGCCTTCCAGGGACTGCTCTGCTGCGCGCGCAGGGCTGCCCGCCGG
CGCCACGCGACCCACGGAGACCGGCCGCGCGCCTCGGGCTGTCTGGCCCGGCCCGGACCC
CCGCCATCGCCCGGGGCCGCCTCGGACGACGACGACGACGATGTCGTCGGGGCCACGCCG
CCCGCGCGCCTGCTGGAGCCCTGGGCCGGCTGCAACGGCGGGGCGGCGGCGGACAGCGAC
TCGAGCCTGGACGAGCCGTGCCGCCCCGGCTTCGCCTCGGAATCCAAGGTGTAG
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID ADRB1 Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID ADRB1 Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:285 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location 10
Target 1 Locus 10q24-q26
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 General References
  1. Mason DA, Moore JD, Green SA, Liggett SB: A gain-of-function polymorphism in a G-protein coupling domain of the human beta1-adrenergic receptor. J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 30;274(18):12670-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Moore JD, Mason DA, Green SA, Hsu J, Liggett SB: Racial differences in the frequencies of cardiac beta(1)-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms: analysis of c145A>G and c1165G>C. Hum Mutat. 1999 Sep 19;14(3):271. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Borjesson M, Magnusson Y, Hjalmarson A, Andersson B: A novel polymorphism in the gene coding for the beta(1)-adrenergic receptor associated with survival in patients with heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2000 Nov;21(22):1853-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Ranade K, Jorgenson E, Sheu WH, Pei D, Hsiung CA, Chiang FT, Chen YD, Pratt R, Olshen RA, Curb D, Cox DR, Botstein D, Risch N: A polymorphism in the beta1 adrenergic receptor is associated with resting heart rate. Am J Hum Genet. 2002 Apr;70(4):935-42. Epub 2002 Feb 18. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Frielle T, Collins S, Daniel KW, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ, Kobilka BK: Cloning of the cDNA for the human beta 1-adrenergic receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Nov;84(22):7920-4. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 1 Drug References
  1. Chidlow G, Melena J, Osborne NN: Betaxolol, a beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist, reduces Na(+) influx into cortical synaptosomes by direct interaction with Na(+) channels: comparison with other beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. Br J Pharmacol. 2000 Jun;130(4):759-66. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Bruck H, Poller U, Lussenhop H, Ponicke K, Temme T, Heusch G, Philipp T, Brodde OE: Beta 2-adrenoceptor-mediated intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of carteolol: an in vivo study. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 Nov;370(5):361-8. Epub 2004 Oct 23. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 2 [top]
Target 2 ID 766
Target 2 Name Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
Target 2 Synonyms
  1. Beta-2 adrenoceptor
  2. Beta-2 adrenoreceptor
Target 2 Gene Name ADRB2
Target 2 Protein Sequence >Beta-2 adrenergic receptor 
MGQPGNGSAFLLAPNRSHAPDHDVTQQRDEVWVVGMGIVMSLIVLAIVFGNVLVITAIAK
FERLQTVTNYFITSLACADLVMGLAVVPFGAAHILMKMWTFGNFWCEFWTSIDVLCVTAS
IETLCVIAVDRYFAITSPFKYQSLLTKNKARVIILMVWIVSGLTSFLPIQMHWYRATHQE
AINCYANETCCDFFTNQAYAIASSIVSFYVPLVIMVFVYSRVFQEAKRQLQKIDKSEGRF
HVQNLSQVEQDGRTGHGLRRSSKFCLKEHKALKTLGIIMGTFTLCWLPFFIVNIVHVIQD
NLIRKEVYILLNWIGYVNSGFNPLIYCRSPDFRIAFQELLCLRRSSLKAYGNGYSSNGNT
GEQSGYHVEQEKENKLLCEDLPGTEDFVGHQGTVPSDNIDSQGRNCSTNDSLL
Target 2 Number of Residues 419
Target 2 Molecular Weight 46557
Target 2 Theoretical pI 7.44
Target 2 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity
rhodopsin-like receptor activity
amine receptor activity
adrenoceptor activity
beta-adrenergic receptor activity
beta2-adrenergic receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 2 General Function Involved in beta2-adrenergic receptor activity
Target 2 Specific Function Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The beta-2-adrenergic receptor binds epinephrine with an approximately 30-fold greater affinity than it does norepinephrine
Target 2 Pathways Not Available
Target 2 Reactions Not Available
Target 2 Pfam Domain Function
Target 2 Signals
  • None
Target 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • 35-58
  • 72-95
  • 107-129
  • 151-174
  • 197-220
  • 275-298
  • 306-329
Target 2 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 2 GenBank ID Protein 29371 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P07550 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ADRB2_HUMAN Link Image
Target 2 PDB ID Not Available
Target 2 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 2 Gene Sequence >1242 bp 
ATGGGGCAACCCGGGAACGGCAGCGCCTTCTTGCTGGCACCCAATAGAAGCCATGCGCCG
GACCACGACGTCACGCAGCAAAGGGACGAGGTGTGGGTGGTGGGCATGGGCATCGTCATG
TCTCTCATCGTCCTGGCCATCGTGTTTGGCAATGTGCTGGTCATCACAGCCATTGCCAAG
TTCGAGCGTCTGCAGACGGTCACCAACTACTTCATCACTTCACTGGCCTGTGCTGATCTG
GTCATGGGCCTGGCAGTGGTGCCCTTTGGGGCCGCCCATATTCTTATGAAAATGTGGACT
TTTGGCAACTTCTGGTGCGAGTTTTGGACTTCCATTGATGTGCTGTGCGTCACGGCCAGC
ATTGAGACCCTGTGCGTGATCGCAGTGGATCGCTACTTTGCCATTACTTCACCTTTCAAG
TACCAGAGCCTGCTGACCAAGAATAAGGCCCGGGTGATCATTCTGATGGTGTGGATTGTG
TCAGGCCTTACCTCCTTCTTGCCCATTCAGATGCACTGGTACCGGGCCACCCACCAGGAA
GCCATCAACTGCTATGCCAATGAGACCTGCTGTGACTTCTTCACGAACCAAGCCTATGCC
ATTGCCTCTTCCATCGTGTCCTTCTACGTTCCCCTGGTGATCATGGTCTTCGTCTACTCC
AGGGTCTTTCAGGAGGCCAAAAGGCAGCTCCAGAAGATTGACAAATCTGAGGGCCGCTTC
CATGTCCAGAACCTTAGCCAGGTGGAGCAGGATGGGCGGACGGGGCATGGACTCCGCAGA
TCTTCCAAGTTCTGCTTGAAGGAGCACAAAGCCCTCAAGACGTTAGGCATCATCATGGGC
ACTTTCACCCTCTGCTGGCTGCCCTTCTTCATCGTTAACATTGTGCATGTGATCCAGGAT
AACCTCATCCGTAAGGAAGTTTACATCCTCCTAAATTGGATAGGCTATGTCAATTCTGGT
TTCAATCCCCTTATCTACTGCCGGAGCCCAGATTTCAGGATTGCCTTCCAGGAGCTTCTG
TGCCTGCGCAGGTCTTCTTTGAAGGCCTATGGGAATGGCTACTCCAGCAACGGCAACACA
GGGGAGCAGAGTGGATATCACGTGGAACAGGAGAAAGAAAATAAACTGCTGTGTGAAGAC
CTCCCAGGCACGGAAGACTTTGTGGGCCATCAAGGTACTGTGCCTAGCGATAACATTGAT
TCACAAGGGAGGAATTGTAGTACAAATGACTCACTGCTGTAA
Target 2 GenBank Gene ID
Target 2 GeneCard ID ADRB2 Link Image
Target 2 GenAtlas ID ADRB2 Link Image
Target 2 HGNC ID HGNC:286 Link Image
Target 2 Chromosome Location 5
Target 2 Locus 5q31-q32
Target 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 2 General References
  1. Cao TT, Deacon HW, Reczek D, Bretscher A, von Zastrow M: A kinase-regulated PDZ-domain interaction controls endocytic sorting of the beta2-adrenergic receptor. Nature. 1999 Sep 16;401(6750):286-90. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Moffett S, Rousseau G, Lagace M, Bouvier M: The palmitoylation state of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor regulates the synergistic action of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and beta-adrenergic receptor kinase involved in its phosphorylation and desensitization. J Neurochem. 2001 Jan;76(1):269-79. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. O'Dowd BF, Hnatowich M, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ, Bouvier M: Palmitoylation of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor. Mutation of Cys341 in the carboxyl tail leads to an uncoupled nonpalmitoylated form of the receptor. J Biol Chem. 1989 May 5;264(13):7564-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Emorine LJ, Marullo S, Delavier-Klutchko C, Kaveri SV, Durieu-Trautmann O, Strosberg AD: Structure of the gene for human beta 2-adrenergic receptor: expression and promoter characterization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Oct;84(20):6995-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Chung FZ, Wang CD, Potter PC, Venter JC, Fraser CM: Site-directed mutagenesis and continuous expression of human beta-adrenergic receptors. Identification of a conserved aspartate residue involved in agonist binding and receptor activation. J Biol Chem. 1988 Mar 25;263(9):4052-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Kobilka BK, Dixon RA, Frielle T, Dohlman HG, Bolanowski MA, Sigal IS, Yang-Feng TL, Francke U, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ: cDNA for the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor: a protein with multiple membrane-spanning domains and encoded by a gene whose chromosomal location is shared with that of the receptor for platelet-derived growth factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jan;84(1):46-50. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Chung FZ, Lentes KU, Gocayne J, Fitzgerald M, Robinson D, Kerlavage AR, Fraser CM, Venter JC: Cloning and sequence analysis of the human brain beta-adrenergic receptor. Evolutionary relationship to rodent and avian beta-receptors and porcine muscarinic receptors. FEBS Lett. 1987 Jan 26;211(2):200-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Schofield PR, Rhee LM, Peralta EG: Primary structure of the human beta-adrenergic receptor gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Apr 24;15(8):3636. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Kobilka BK, Frielle T, Dohlman HG, Bolanowski MA, Dixon RA, Keller P, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ: Delineation of the intronless nature of the genes for the human and hamster beta 2-adrenergic receptor and their putative promoter regions. J Biol Chem. 1987 May 25;262(15):7321-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Turki J, Pak J, Green SA, Martin RJ, Liggett SB: Genetic polymorphisms of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor in nocturnal and nonnocturnal asthma. Evidence that Gly16 correlates with the nocturnal phenotype. J Clin Invest. 1995 Apr;95(4):1635-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. 7915137 Green SA, Turki J, Innis M, Liggett SB: Amino-terminal polymorphisms of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor impart distinct agonist-promoted regulatory properties. Biochemistry. 1994 Aug 16;33(32):9414-9.
  12. 8383511 Reihsaus E, Innis M, MacIntyre N, Liggett SB: Mutations in the gene encoding for the beta 2-adrenergic receptor in normal and asthmatic subjects. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1993 Mar;8(3):334-9.
Target 2 Drug References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Wheeldon NM, McDevitt DG, Lipworth BJ: Evaluation of in vivo partial beta 1/beta 2-agonist activity: a dose-ranging study with carteolol. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1992 Apr;33(4):411-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Bruck H, Poller U, Lussenhop H, Ponicke K, Temme T, Heusch G, Philipp T, Brodde OE: Beta 2-adrenoceptor-mediated intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of carteolol: an in vivo study. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 Nov;370(5):361-8. Epub 2004 Oct 23. [PubMed Link Image]

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.