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Identification
Name Imatinib
Accession Number DB00619 (APRD01028, DB03261, EXPT02967)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

Imatinib is a drug used to treat certain types of cancer. It is currently marketed by Novartis as Gleevec (USA) or Glivec (Europe/Australia) as its mesylate salt, imatinib mesilate (INN). It is occasionally referred to as CGP57148B or STI571 (especially in older publications). It is used in treating chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and a number of other malignancies.

It is the first member of a new class of agents that act by inhibiting particular tyrosine kinase enzymes, instead of non-specifically inhibiting rapidly dividing cells.
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
Imatinib Mesylate
Imatinib Methansulfonate
STI-571
Salts Not Available
Brand names
Name Company
Gleevec
Glivec
Brand mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
CAS number 152459-95-5
Weight Average: 493.6027
Monoisotopic: 493.259008649
Chemical Formula C29H31N7O
InChI Key InChIKey=KTUFNOKKBVMGRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C29H31N7O/c1-21-5-10-25(18-27(21)34-29-31-13-11-26(33-29)24-4-3-12-30-19-24)32-28(37)23-8-6-22(7-9-23)20-36-16-14-35(2)15-17-36/h3-13,18-19H,14-17,20H2,1-2H3,(H,32,37)(H,31,33,34)
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
N-(4-methyl-3-{[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}phenyl)-4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzamide
SMILES
CN1CCN(CC2=CC=C(C=C2)C(=O)NC2=CC(NC3=NC=CC(=N3)C3=CN=CC=C3)=C(C)C=C2)CC1
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Benzoyl Derivatives
  • Benzamides
Substructures
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Amino Ketones
  • Pyridines and Derivatives
  • Piperazines
  • Benzene and Derivatives
  • Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
  • Pyrimidines and Derivatives
  • Heterocyclic compounds
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Carboxamides and Derivatives
  • Imines
  • Benzoyl Derivatives
  • Cyanamides
  • Benzamides
  • Anilines
Pharmacology
Indication For the treatment Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).
Pharmacodynamics Imatinib is an antineoplastic agent used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia. Imatinib is a 2-phenylaminopyrimidine derivative that functions as a specific inhibitor of a number of tyrosine kinase enzymes. In chronic myelogenous leukemia, the Philadelphia chromosome leads to a fusion protein of Abl with Bcr (breakpoint cluster region), termed Bcr-Abl. As this is now a continuously active tyrosine kinase, Imatinib is used to decrease Bcr-Abl activity.
Mechanism of action Imatinib mesylate is a protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase, the constitutive abnormal tyrosine kinase created by the Philadelphia chromosome abnormality in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). It inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in Bcr-Abl positive cell lines as well as fresh leukemic cells from Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia. Imatinib also inhibits the receptor tyrosine kinases for platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and stem cell factor (SCF) - called c-kit. Imatinib was identified in the late 1990s by Dr Brian J. Druker. Its development is an excellent example of rational drug design. Soon after identification of the bcr-abl target, the search for an inhibitor began. Chemists used a high-throughput screen of chemical libraries to identify the molecule 2-phenylaminopyrimidine. This lead compound was then tested and modified by the introduction of methyl and benzamide groups to give it enhanced binding properties, resulting in imatinib.
Absorption Imatinib is well absorbed with mean absolute bioavailability is 98% with maximum levels achieved within 2-4 hours of dosing
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding Very high (95%)
Metabolism Primarily hepatic via CYP3A4. Other cytochrome P450 enzymes, such as CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19, play a minor role in its metabolism. The main circulating active metabolite in humans is the N-demethylated piperazine derivative, formed predominantly by CYP3A4.
Route of elimination Imatinib elimination is predominately in the feces, mostly as metabolites.
Half life 18 hours for Imatinib, 40 hours for its major active metabolite, the N-desmethyl derivative
Clearance
  • 8 L/h [50-year-old CML and GIST patient weighing 50 kg]
  • 14 L/h [50-year-old CML and GIST patient weighing 100 kg]
Toxicity Side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, dry skin, hair loss, swelling (especially in the legs or around the eyes) and muscle cramps
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Novartis pharmaceuticals corp
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Capsule Oral
Tablet Oral
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Gleevec 400 mg tablet 174.38 USD tablet
Gleevec 100 mg tablet 41.69 USD tablet
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Country Patent Number Approved Expires (estimated)
United States 6958335 2002-06-19 2022-06-19
United States 5521184 1995-01-04 2015-01-04
Canada 2093203 2002-11-26 2013-04-01
Properties
State solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point 226 °C (mesylate salt) Not Available
water solubility Very soluble in water at pH < 5.5 (mesylate salt) Not Available
logP 3 Not Available
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 1.46e-02 g/l ALOGPS
logP 3.47 ALOGPS
logP 4.38 ChemAxon
logS -4.5 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic) 12.45 ChemAxon
pKa (strongest basic) 8.27 ChemAxon
physiological charge 1 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 7 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 2 ChemAxon
polar surface area 86.28 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 7 ChemAxon
refractivity 148.93 ChemAxon
polarizability 55.54 ChemAxon
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Deininger MW, Druker BJ: Specific targeted therapy of chronic myelogenous leukemia with imatinib. Pharmacol Rev. 2003 Sep;55(3):401-23. Epub 2003 Jul 17. Pubmed
  2. Vigneri P, Wang JY: Induction of apoptosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells through nuclear entrapment of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase. Nat Med. 2001 Feb;7(2):228-34. Pubmed
  3. Droogendijk HJ, Kluin-Nelemans HJ, van Doormaal JJ, Oranje AP, van de Loosdrecht AA, van Daele PL: Imatinib mesylate in the treatment of systemic mastocytosis: a phase II trial. Cancer. 2006 Jul 15;107(2):345-51. Pubmed
  4. Lassila M, Allen TJ, Cao Z, Thallas V, Jandeleit-Dahm KA, Candido R, Cooper ME: Imatinib attenuates diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004 May;24(5):935-42. Epub 2004 Feb 26. Pubmed
  5. Reeves PM, Bommarius B, Lebeis S, McNulty S, Christensen J, Swimm A, Chahroudi A, Chavan R, Feinberg MB, Veach D, Bornmann W, Sherman M, Kalman D: Disabling poxvirus pathogenesis by inhibition of Abl-family tyrosine kinases. Nat Med. 2005 Jul;11(7):731-9. Epub 2005 Jun 26. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Drug D01441 Link_out
PubChem Compound 5291 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46505055 Link_out
ChemSpider 5101 Link_out
BindingDB 13530 Link_out
ChEBI 45783 Link_out
ChEMBL 45783 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DNC001383 Link_out
PharmGKB PA10804 Link_out
HET STI Link_out
Drug Product Database 2253283 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/gleevec.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/cdi/imatinib.html Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imatinib Link_out
ATC Codes
  • L01XE01
AHFS Codes
  • 10:00.00
  • 92:00.00
PDB Entries
FDA label show (129 KB)
MSDS Not Available
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Acenocoumarol Imatinib may increase the anticoagulant effect of acenocoumarol.
Acetaminophen Increased hepatic toxicity of both agents
Anisindione Imatinib may increase the anticoagulant effect of anisindione.
Aprepitant Aprepitant may change levels of the chemotherapy agent, imatinib.
Atorvastatin Imatinib, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, may increase the effect and toxicity of atorvastatin by decreasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of atorvastatin if imatinib is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Bromazepam Imatinib, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, may increase the serum concentration of bromazepam by decreasing its metabolism. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of bromazepam if imatinib is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. Dosage adjustments may be required.
Carbamazepine Carbamazepine, a strong CYP3A4 inducer, may increase the metabolism of imatinib. Imatinib, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, may increase the metabolism of carbamazepine. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of both agents if concomitant therapy is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Cerivastatin Imatinib, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, may increase the serum concentration of cerivastatin by decreasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of cerivastatin if imatinib is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Clarithromycin The macrolide, clarithromycin, may increase the serum concentration of imatinib.
Cyclosporine Imatinib increases the effect and toxicity of cyclosporine
Dantrolene Imatinib may increase the serum concentration of dantrolene by decreasing its metabolism. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of dantrolene if imatinib is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Dexamethasone Dexamethasone may decrease levels of imatinib.
Dicumarol Imatinib may increase the anticoagulant effect of dicumarol.
Erythromycin The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the serum concentration of imatinib.
Ethotoin The hydantoin decreases the levels of imatinib
Fosphenytoin The hydantoin decreases the levels of imatinib
Itraconazole Itraconazole may increase the levels of imatinib.
Josamycin The macrolide, josamycin, may increase the serum concentration of imatinib.
Ketoconazole Ketoconazole may increase the levels of imatinib.
Lovastatin Imatinib, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, may increase the effect and toxicity of lovastatin by decreasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of lovastatin if imatinib is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Lurasidone Concomitant therapy with a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor will increase level or effect of lurasidone. Coadministration with lurasidone is contraindicated.
Mephenytoin The hydantoin decreases the levels of imatinib
Nifedipine Imatinib increases the effect and toxicity of nifedipine
Phenobarbital Phenobarbital decreases levels of imatinib
Phenytoin The hydantoin decreases the levels of imatinib
Pimozide Imatinib may increase the effect and toxicity of pimozide.
Rifampin Rifampin decreases levels of imatinib
Simvastatin Imatinib, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, may increase the effect and toxicity of simvastatin by decreasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of simvastatin if imatinib is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
St. John's Wort St. John's Wort decreases levels of imatinib
Tacrolimus The strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, Imatinib, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tacrolimus, a CYP3A4 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in therapeutic and adverse effects of Tacrolimus if Imatinib is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Tadalafil Imatinib may reduce the metabolism of Tadalafil. Concomitant therapy should be avoided if possible due to high risk of Tadalafil toxicity.
Tamoxifen Imatinib may increase the serum concentration of Tamoxifen by decreasing its metabolism and clearance. Imatinib may also decrease the therapeutic effect of Tamoxifen by decreasing active metabolite production. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Tamoxifen if Imatinib is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Tamsulosin Imatinib, a CYP3A4/2D6 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tamsulosin, a CYP3A4/2D6 substrate. Monitor for changes in therapeutic/adverse effects of Tamsulosin if Imatinib is initiated, discontinued, or dose changed.
Telithromycin Co-administration may result in altered plasma concentrations of Imatinib and/or Telithromycin. Consider alternate therapy or monitor the therapeutic/adverse effects of both agents.
Temsirolimus Imatinib may inhibit the metabolism and clearance of Temsirolimus. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
Teniposide The strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, Imatinib, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Teniposide, a CYP3A4 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Teniposide if Imatinib is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Tiagabine The strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, Imatinib, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tiagabine, a CYP3A4 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Tiagabine if Imatinib is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Tolterodine Imatinib may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolterodine. Adjust Tolterodine dose and monitor for efficacy and toxicity.
Topotecan The BCRP/ABCG2 inhibitor, Imatinib, may increase the bioavailability and serum concentration of oral Topotecan. Monitor for change in the therapeutic and adverse effects of Topotecan if Imatinib is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Tramadol Imatinib may increase Tramadol toxicity by decreasing Tramadol metabolism and clearance. Imatinib may decrease the effect of Tramadol by decreasing active metabolite production.
Trastuzumab Trastuzumab may increase the risk of neutropenia and anemia. Monitor closely for signs and symptoms of adverse events.
Trazodone The CYP3A4 inhibitor, Imatinib, may increase Trazodone efficacy/toxicity by decreasing Trazodone metabolism and clearance. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trazodone efficacy/toxicity if Imatinib is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Trimipramine The strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, Imatinib, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Trimipramine, a CYP3A4 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in therapeutic and adverse effects of Trimipramine if Imatinib is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Vardenafil Imatinib, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, may reduce the metabolism and clearance of Vardenafil. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of Vardenafil.
Venlafaxine Imatinib, a CYP3A4 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Venlafaxine, a CYP3A4 substrate. Monitor for changes in therapeutic/adverse effects of Venlafaxine if Imatinib is initiated, discontinued, or dose changed.
Verapamil Imatinib, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, may increase the serum concentration of Veramapil, a CYP3A4 substrate, by decreasing its metabolism and clearance. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Verapamil if Imatinib is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Vinblastine Imatinib, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism of Vinblastine. Consider alternate therapy to avoid Vinblastine toxicity. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Vinblastine if Imatinib is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Vincristine Imatinib, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, may increase the serum concentration of Vincristine by decreasing its metabolism. Consider alternate therapy to avoid Vincristine toxicity. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of Vincristine if Imatinib is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Vinorelbine Imatinib, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, may increase the serum concentration of Vinorelbine by decreasing its metabolism. Consider alternate therapy to avoid Vinorelbine toxicity. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of Vinorelbine if Imatinib is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Voriconazole Voriconazole, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, may increase the serum concentration of imatinib by decreasing its metabolism. Additive QTc prolongation may also occur. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of imatinib if voriconazole is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Warfarin Imatinib may increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin increasing the risk of bleeding. Monitor for changes in prothrombin time and therapeutic and adverse effects of warfarin if imatinib is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Zonisamide Imatinib, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, may increase the serum concentration of zonisamide by decreasing its metabolism. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of zonisamide if imatinib is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Zopiclone Imatinib, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, may increase the serum concentration of zopiclone by decreasing its metabolism. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of zopiclone if imatinib is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Food Interactions
  • Take with food to reduce the incidence of gastric irritation. Follow with a large glass of water. A lipid rich meal will slightly reduce and delay absorption. Avoid grapefruit and grapefruit juice throughout treatment, grapefruit can significantly increase serum levels of this product.
Targets

1. BCR/ABL fusion protein isoform X9

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

ATP + a [protein]-L-tyrosine = ADP + a [protein]-L-tyrosine phosphate

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: A9UF02 Link_out
Gene: BCR/ABL fusion Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Nadal E, Olavarria E: Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec/Glivec) a molecular-targeted therapy for chronic myeloid leukaemia and other malignancies. Int J Clin Pract. 2004 May;58(5):511-6. Pubmed
  2. Waller CF: Imatinib mesylate. Recent Results Cancer Res. 2010;184:3-20. Pubmed
  3. Croom KF, Perry CM: Imatinib mesylate: in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Drugs. 2003;63(5):513-22; discussion 523-4. Pubmed

2. Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: antagonist, multitarget

This is the receptor for stem cell factor (mast cell growth factor). It has a tyrosine-protein kinase activity. Binding of the ligands leads to the autophosphorylation of KIT and its association with substrates such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (Pi3K)

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P10721 Link_out
Gene: KIT Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Lee JL, Kim JY, Ryu MH, Kang HJ, Chang HM, Kim TW, Lee H, Park JH, Kim HC, Kim JS, Kang YK: Response to imatinib in KIT- and PDGFRA-wild type gastrointestinal stromal associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. Dig Dis Sci. 2006 Jun;51(6):1043-6. Pubmed
  2. Dy GK, Miller AA, Mandrekar SJ, Aubry MC, Langdon RM Jr, Morton RF, Schild SE, Jett JR, Adjei AA: A phase II trial of imatinib (ST1571) in patients with c-kit expressing relapsed small-cell lung cancer: a CALGB and NCCTG study. Ann Oncol. 2005 Nov;16(11):1811-6. Epub 2005 Aug 8. Pubmed
  3. Rutkowski P, Nowecki ZI, Debiec-Rychter M, Grzesiakowska U, Michej W, Wozniak A, Siedlecki JA, Limon J, Dobosz AJ, Kakol M, Osuch C, Ruka W: Predictive factors for long-term effects of imatinib therapy in patients with inoperable/metastatic CD117 gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2007 Sep;133(9):589-97. Epub 2007 Apr 26. Pubmed
  4. De Giorgi U: KIT mutations and imatinib dose effects in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Mar 20;25(9):1146-7; author reply 1147-8. Pubmed
  5. Posadas EM, Kwitkowski V, Kotz HL, Espina V, Minasian L, Tchabo N, Premkumar A, Hussain MM, Chang R, Steinberg SM, Kohn EC: A prospective analysis of imatinib-induced c-KIT modulation in ovarian cancer: a phase II clinical study with proteomic profiling. Cancer. 2007 Jul 15;110(2):309-17. Pubmed

3. RET proto-oncogene

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: O43519 Link_out
Gene: RET Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. de Groot JW, Plaza Menacho I, Schepers H, Drenth-Diephuis LJ, Osinga J, Plukker JT, Links TP, Eggen BJ, Hofstra RM: Cellular effects of imatinib on medullary thyroid cancer cells harboring multiple endocrine neoplasia Type 2A and 2B associated RET mutations. Surgery. 2006 Jun;139(6):806-14. Pubmed

4. High affinity nerve growth factor receptor

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: antagonist

Required for high-affinity binding to nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 and neurotrophin-4/5 but not brain- derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Known substrates for the Trk receptors are SHC1, PI 3-kinase, and PLC-gamma-1. Has a crucial role in the development and function of the nociceptive reception system as well as establishment of thermal regulation via sweating. Activates ERK1 by either SHC1- or PLC-gamma-1-dependent signaling pathway

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P04629 Link_out
Gene: NTRK1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Catani M, De Milito R, Simi M: [New orientations in the management of advanced, metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST): combination of surgery and systemic therapy with imatinib in a case of primary gastric location] Chir Ital. 2005 Jan-Feb;57(1):127-33. Pubmed
  2. Kovacs M, Nagy P, Pak G, Feher J: [Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs): clinical and pathological features] Orv Hetil. 2005 Jun 26;146(26):1375-81. Pubmed
  3. de Groot JW, Plaza Menacho I, Schepers H, Drenth-Diephuis LJ, Osinga J, Plukker JT, Links TP, Eggen BJ, Hofstra RM: Cellular effects of imatinib on medullary thyroid cancer cells harboring multiple endocrine neoplasia Type 2A and 2B associated RET mutations. Surgery. 2006 Jun;139(6):806-14. Pubmed
  4. de Groot JW, Zonnenberg BA, van Ufford-Mannesse PQ, de Vries MM, Links TP, Lips CJ, Voest EE: A Phase II Trial of Imatinib Therapy for Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Sep;92(9):3466-9. Epub 2007 Jun 19. Pubmed
  5. Delbaldo C: [Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamics relationships of imatinib (Glivec)] Therapie. 2007 Mar-Apr;62(2):87-90. Epub 2007 Jun 21. Pubmed

5. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: antagonist

This protein is the receptor for CSF-1, it is a protein tyrosine-kinase transmembrane receptor

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P07333 Link_out
Gene: CSF1R Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Dewar AL, Zannettino AC, Hughes TP, Lyons AB: Inhibition of c-fms by imatinib: expanding the spectrum of treatment. Cell Cycle. 2005 Jul;4(7):851-3. Epub 2005 Jul 28. Pubmed
  2. Taylor JR, Brownlow N, Domin J, Dibb NJ: FMS receptor for M-CSF (CSF-1) is sensitive to the kinase inhibitor imatinib and mutation of Asp-802 to Val confers resistance. Oncogene. 2006 Jan 5;25(1):147-51. Pubmed
  3. Dewar AL, Farrugia AN, Condina MR, Bik To L, Hughes TP, Vernon-Roberts B, Zannettino AC: Imatinib as a potential antiresorptive therapy for bone disease. Blood. 2006 Jun 1;107(11):4334-7. Epub 2006 Jan 31. Pubmed
  4. Ando W, Hashimoto J, Nampei A, Tsuboi H, Tateishi K, Ono T, Nakamura N, Ochi T, Yoshikawa H: Imatinib mesylate inhibits osteoclastogenesis and joint destruction in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). J Bone Miner Metab. 2006;24(4):274-82. Pubmed
  5. El Hajj Dib I, Gallet M, Mentaverri R, Sevenet N, Brazier M, Kamel S: Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) enhances mature osteoclast apoptosis and suppresses osteoclast bone resorbing activity. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 Dec 3;551(1-3):27-33. Epub 2006 Sep 16. Pubmed

6. Alpha platelet-derived growth factor receptor

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: antagonist

Receptor that binds both PDGFA and PDGFB and has a tyrosine-protein kinase activity

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P16234 Link_out
Gene: PDGFRA Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Yi ES, Strong CR, Piao Z, Perucho M, Weidner N: Epithelioid gastrointestinal stromal tumor with PDGFRA activating mutation and immunoreactivity. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2005 Jun;13(2):157-61. Pubmed
  2. Borbenyi Z: [Disorders with eosinophilia, treatment of hypereosinophilic syndrome] Orv Hetil. 2005 May 1;146(18 Suppl 1):911-6. Pubmed
  3. Corless CL, Schroeder A, Griffith D, Town A, McGreevey L, Harrell P, Shiraga S, Bainbridge T, Morich J, Heinrich MC: PDGFRA mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: frequency, spectrum and in vitro sensitivity to imatinib. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Aug 10;23(23):5357-64. Epub 2005 May 31. Pubmed
  4. Chen LL, Sabripour M, Andtbacka RH, Patel SR, Feig BW, Macapinlac HA, Choi H, Wu EF, Frazier ML, Benjamin RS: Imatinib resistance in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Curr Oncol Rep. 2005 Jul;7(4):293-9. Pubmed
  5. Tefferi A: Modern diagnosis and treatment of primary eosinophilia. Acta Haematol. 2005;114(1):52-60. Pubmed

7. Epithelial discoidin domain-containing receptor 1

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: antagonist

May be involved in cell-cell interactions and recognition

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q08345 Link_out
Gene: DDR1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Gotlib J, Berube C, Growney JD, Chen CC, George TI, Williams C, Kajiguchi T, Ruan J, Lilleberg SL, Durocher JA, Lichy JH, Wang Y, Cohen PS, Arber DA, Heinrich MC, Neckers L, Galli SJ, Gilliland DG, Coutre SE: Activity of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor PKC412 in a patient with mast cell leukemia with the D816V KIT mutation. Blood. 2005 Oct 15;106(8):2865-70. Epub 2005 Jun 21. Pubmed
  2. Xu L, Tong R, Cochran DM, Jain RK: Blocking platelet-derived growth factor-D/platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta signaling inhibits human renal cell carcinoma progression in an orthotopic mouse model. Cancer Res. 2005 Jul 1;65(13):5711-9. Pubmed
  3. Neef M, Ledermann M, Saegesser H, Schneider V, Widmer N, Decosterd LA, Rochat B, Reichen J: Oral imatinib treatment reduces early fibrogenesis but does not prevent progression in the long term. J Hepatol. 2006 Jan;44(1):167-75. Epub 2005 Jul 12. Pubmed
  4. Jubert C, Geoerger B, Grill J, Hartmann O, Vassal G: [Targeted therapies in pediatric oncology: a new therapeutic approach?] Arch Pediatr. 2006 Feb;13(2):189-94. Epub 2005 Nov 17. Pubmed
  5. Benjamin RS, Blanke CD, Blay JY, Bonvalot S, Eisenberg B: Management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the imatinib era: selected case studies. Oncologist. 2006 Jan;11(1):9-20. Pubmed

8. Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: inhibitor
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P00519 Link_out
Gene: ABL1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Hoerth E, Kodym R: Involvment of c-Abl in the radiation-induced inhibition of myoblast differentiation. Int J Radiat Biol. 2004 Oct;80(10):729-36. Pubmed
  2. Dewar AL, Zannettino AC, Hughes TP, Lyons AB: Inhibition of c-fms by imatinib: expanding the spectrum of treatment. Cell Cycle. 2005 Jul;4(7):851-3. Epub 2005 Jul 28. Pubmed
  3. Agirre X, Roman-Gomez J, Vazquez I, Jimenez-Velasco A, Larrayoz MJ, Lahortiga I, Andreu EJ, Marquez J, Beltran de Heredia JM, Odero MD, Prosper F, Calasanz MJ: Coexistence of different clonal populations harboring the b3a2 (p210) and e1a2 (p190) BCR-ABL1 fusion transcripts in chronic myelogenous leukemia resistant to imatinib. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2005 Jul 1;160(1):22-6. Pubmed
  4. Brueggemeier SB, Wu D, Kron SJ, Palecek SP: Protein-acrylamide copolymer hydrogels for array-based detection of tyrosine kinase activity from cell lysates. Biomacromolecules. 2005 Sep-Oct;6(5):2765-75. Pubmed
  5. Haberler C, Gelpi E, Marosi C, Rossler K, Birner P, Budka H, Hainfellner JA: Immunohistochemical analysis of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha, -beta, c-kit, c-abl, and arg proteins in glioblastoma: possible implications for patient selection for imatinib mesylate therapy. J Neurooncol. 2006 Jan;76(2):105-9. Pubmed

9. Beta platelet-derived growth factor receptor

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: antagonist

Receptor that binds specifically to PDGFB and PDGFD and has a tyrosine-protein kinase activity. Phosphorylates Tyr residues at the C-terminus of PTPN11 creating a binding site for the SH2 domain of GRB2

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P09619 Link_out
Gene: PDGFRB Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Basciani S, Brama M, Mariani S, De Luca G, Arizzi M, Vesci L, Pisano C, Dolci S, Spera G, Gnessi L: Imatinib mesylate inhibits Leydig cell tumor growth: evidence for in vitro and in vivo activity. Cancer Res. 2005 Mar 1;65(5):1897-903. Pubmed
  2. Jones RL, Judson IR: The development and application of imatinib. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2005 Mar;4(2):183-91. Pubmed
  3. Modi S, Seidman AD, Dickler M, Moasser M, D’Andrea G, Moynahan ME, Menell J, Panageas KS, Tan LK, Norton L, Hudis CA: A phase II trial of imatinib mesylate monotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2005 Mar;90(2):157-63. Pubmed
  4. Johnson FM, Saigal B, Donato NJ: Induction of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor and activation of EGF receptor in imatinib mesylate-treated squamous carcinoma cells. J Cell Physiol. 2005 Nov;205(2):218-27. Pubmed
  5. Chen J, Rocken C, Nitsche B, Hosius C, Gschaidmeier H, Kahl S, Malfertheiner P, Ebert MP: The tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib fails to inhibit pancreatic cancer progression. Cancer Lett. 2006 Feb 28;233(2):328-37. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4- hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide

UniProt ID: P08684 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A4
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Novartis Pharma AG. Gleevec® (imatinib mesylate) tablets prescribing information. East Hanover, NJ; 2006 Sep.
  2. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
  3. Flockhart DA. Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table. Indiana University School of Medicine (2007). Accessed May 28, 2010.
  4. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

2. Cytochrome P450 3A5

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P20815 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A5 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
  2. Flockhart DA. Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table. Indiana University School of Medicine (2007). Accessed May 28, 2010.
  3. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

3. Cytochrome P450 3A7

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P24462 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A7 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Flockhart DA. Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table. Indiana University School of Medicine (2007). Accessed May 28, 2010.

4. Cytochrome P450 1A2

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen

UniProt ID: P05177 Link_out
Gene: CYP1A2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Novartis Pharma AG. Gleevec® (imatinib mesylate) tablets prescribing information. East Hanover, NJ; 2006 Sep.
  2. Wang B, Zhou SF: Synthetic and natural compounds that interact with human cytochrome P450 1A2 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(31):4066-218. Pubmed
  3. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed

5. Cytochrome P450 2C9

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S- warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan

UniProt ID: P11712 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C9
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Novartis Pharma AG. Gleevec® (imatinib mesylate) tablets prescribing information. East Hanover, NJ; 2006 Sep.
  2. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed

6. Cytochrome P450 2D6

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants

UniProt ID: P10635 Link_out
Gene: CYP2D6 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Novartis Pharma AG. Gleevec® (imatinib mesylate) tablets prescribing information. East Hanover, NJ; 2006 Sep.
  2. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed

7. Cytochrome P450 2C19

Actions: substrate

Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine

UniProt ID: P33261 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C19 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Novartis Pharma AG. Gleevec® (imatinib mesylate) tablets prescribing information. East Hanover, NJ; 2006 Sep.

8. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1

Actions: substrate

May play an important role in regulating or promoting cell proliferation in some normal and neoplastically transformed cells

UniProt ID: P23219 Link_out
Gene: PTGS1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
Transporters

1. Solute carrier family 22 member 1

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Translocates a broad array of organic cations with various structures and molecular weights including the model compounds 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)- N-methylpyridinium (ASP), the endogenous compounds choline, guanidine, histamine, epinephrine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine, and the drugs quinine, and metformin. The transport of organic cations is inhibited by a broad array of compounds like tetramethylammonium (TMA), cocaine, lidocaine, NMDA receptor antagonists, atropine, prazosin, cimetidine, TEA and NMN, guanidine, cimetidine, choline, procainamide, quinine, tetrabutylammonium, and tetrapentylammonium. Translocates organic cations in an electrogenic and pH-independent manner. Translocates organic cations across the plasma membrane in both directions. Transports the polyamines spermine and spermidine. Transports pramipexole across the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubular epithelial cells. The choline transport is activated by MMTS. Regulated by various intracellular signaling pathways including inhibition by protein kinase A activation, and endogenously activation by the calmodulin complex, the calmodulin- dependent kinase II and LCK tyrosine kinase

UniProt ID: O15245 Link_out
Gene: SLC22A1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Davies A, Jordanides NE, Giannoudis A, Lucas CM, Hatziieremia S, Harris RJ, Jorgensen HG, Holyoake TL, Pirmohamed M, Clark RE, Mountford JC: Nilotinib concentration in cell lines and primary CD34 chronic myeloid leukemia cells is not mediated by active uptake or efflux by major drug transporters. Leukemia. 2009 Nov;23(11):1999-2006. Epub 2009 Aug 27. Pubmed
  2. Engler JR, Frede A, Saunders VA, Zannettino AC, Hughes TP, White DL: Chronic myeloid leukemia CD34+ cells have reduced uptake of imatinib due to low OCT-1 activity. Leukemia. 2010 Apr;24(4):765-70. Epub 2010 Feb 11. Pubmed
  3. Ahlin G, Karlsson J, Pedersen JM, Gustavsson L, Larsson R, Matsson P, Norinder U, Bergstrom CA, Artursson P: Structural requirements for drug inhibition of the liver specific human organic cation transport protein 1. J Med Chem. 2008 Oct 9;51(19):5932-42. Epub 2008 Sep 13. Pubmed

2. Multidrug resistance protein 1

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells

UniProt ID: P08183 Link_out
Gene: ABCB1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Davies A, Jordanides NE, Giannoudis A, Lucas CM, Hatziieremia S, Harris RJ, Jorgensen HG, Holyoake TL, Pirmohamed M, Clark RE, Mountford JC: Nilotinib concentration in cell lines and primary CD34 chronic myeloid leukemia cells is not mediated by active uptake or efflux by major drug transporters. Leukemia. 2009 Nov;23(11):1999-2006. Epub 2009 Aug 27. Pubmed
  2. Dohse M, Scharenberg C, Shukla S, Robey RW, Volkmann T, Deeken JF, Brendel C, Ambudkar SV, Neubauer A, Bates SE: Comparison of ATP-binding cassette transporter interactions with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010 Aug;38(8):1371-80. Epub 2010 Apr 27. Pubmed
  3. Hamada A, Miyano H, Watanabe H, Saito H: Interaction of imatinib mesilate with human P-glycoprotein. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Nov;307(2):824-8. Epub 2003 Sep 15. Pubmed
  4. Thomas J, Wang L, Clark RE, Pirmohamed M: Active transport of imatinib into and out of cells: implications for drug resistance. Blood. 2004 Dec 1;104(12):3739-45. Epub 2004 Aug 17. Pubmed
  5. Hegedus C, Ozvegy-Laczka C, Apati A, Magocsi M, Nemet K, Orfi L, Keri G, Katona M, Takats Z, Varadi A, Szakacs G, Sarkadi B: Interaction of nilotinib, dasatinib and bosutinib with ABCB1 and ABCG2: implications for altered anti-cancer effects and pharmacological properties. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Oct;158(4):1153-64. Epub 2009 Sep 28. Pubmed
  6. Giannoudis A, Davies A, Lucas CM, Harris RJ, Pirmohamed M, Clark RE: Effective dasatinib uptake may occur without human organic cation transporter 1 (hOCT1): implications for the treatment of imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2008 Oct 15;112(8):3348-54. Epub 2008 Jul 31. Pubmed
  7. Breedveld P, Pluim D, Cipriani G, Wielinga P, van Tellingen O, Schinkel AH, Schellens JH: The effect of Bcrp1 (Abcg2) on the in vivo pharmacokinetics and brain penetration of imatinib mesylate (Gleevec): implications for the use of breast cancer resistance protein and P-glycoprotein inhibitors to enable the brain penetration of imatinib in patients. Cancer Res. 2005 Apr 1;65(7):2577-82. Pubmed
  8. Oka M, Fukuda M, Soda H: [Anticancer drugs and ABC transporters] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2005 May;32(5):585-92. Pubmed
  9. Burger H, van Tol H, Brok M, Wiemer EA, de Bruijn EA, Guetens G, de Boeck G, Sparreboom A, Verweij J, Nooter K: Chronic imatinib mesylate exposure leads to reduced intracellular drug accumulation by induction of the ABCG2 (BCRP) and ABCB1 (MDR1) drug transport pumps. Cancer Biol Ther. 2005 Jul;4(7):747-52. Epub 2005 Jul 9. Pubmed
  10. Galimberti S, Cervetti G, Guerrini F, Testi R, Pacini S, Fazzi R, Simi P, Petrini M: Quantitative molecular monitoring of BCR-ABL and MDR1 transcripts in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia during Imatinib treatment. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2005 Oct 1;162(1):57-62. Pubmed
  11. Gardner ER, Burger H, van Schaik RH, van Oosterom AT, de Bruijn EA, Guetens G, Prenen H, de Jong FA, Baker SD, Bates SE, Figg WD, Verweij J, Sparreboom A, Nooter K: Association of enzyme and transporter genotypes with the pharmacokinetics of imatinib. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Aug;80(2):192-201. Pubmed

3. Solute carrier family 22 member 2

Actions: inhibitor

Mediates tubular uptake of organic compounds from circulation. Mediates the influx of agmatine, dopamine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, choline, famotidine, ranitidine, histamin, creatinine, amantadine, memantine, acriflavine, 4-[4-(dimethylamino)-styryl]-N-methylpyridinium ASP, amiloride, metformin, N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), tetraethylammonium (TEA), 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), cimetidine, cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Cisplatin may develop a nephrotoxic action. Transport of creatinine is inhibited by fluoroquinolones such as DX-619 and LVFX. This transporter is a major determinant of the anticancer activity of oxaliplatin and may contribute to antitumor specificity

UniProt ID: O15244 Link_out
Gene: SLC22A2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Tanihara Y, Masuda S, Katsura T, Inui K: Protective effect of concomitant administration of imatinib on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity focusing on renal organic cation transporter OCT2. Biochem Pharmacol. 2009 Nov 1;78(9):1263-71. Epub 2009 Jun 18. Pubmed
  2. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

4. ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Xenobiotic transporter that may play an important role in the exclusion of xenobiotics from the brain. May be involved in brain-to-blood efflux. Appears to play a major role in the multidrug resistance phenotype of several cancer cell lines. When overexpressed, the transfected cells become resistant to mitoxantrone, daunorubicin and doxorubicin, display diminished intracellular accumulation of daunorubicin, and manifest an ATP- dependent increase in the efflux of rhodamine 123

UniProt ID: Q9UNQ0 Link_out
Gene: ABCG2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Houghton PJ, Germain GS, Harwood FC, Schuetz JD, Stewart CF, Buchdunger E, Traxler P: Imatinib mesylate is a potent inhibitor of the ABCG2 (BCRP) transporter and reverses resistance to topotecan and SN-38 in vitro. Cancer Res. 2004 Apr 1;64(7):2333-7. Pubmed
  2. An Y, Ongkeko WM: ABCG2: the key to chemoresistance in cancer stem cells? Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2009 Dec;5(12):1529-42. Pubmed
  3. Davies A, Jordanides NE, Giannoudis A, Lucas CM, Hatziieremia S, Harris RJ, Jorgensen HG, Holyoake TL, Pirmohamed M, Clark RE, Mountford JC: Nilotinib concentration in cell lines and primary CD34 chronic myeloid leukemia cells is not mediated by active uptake or efflux by major drug transporters. Leukemia. 2009 Nov;23(11):1999-2006. Epub 2009 Aug 27. Pubmed
  4. Dohse M, Scharenberg C, Shukla S, Robey RW, Volkmann T, Deeken JF, Brendel C, Ambudkar SV, Neubauer A, Bates SE: Comparison of ATP-binding cassette transporter interactions with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010 Aug;38(8):1371-80. Epub 2010 Apr 27. Pubmed
  5. Burger H, van Tol H, Boersma AW, Brok M, Wiemer EA, Stoter G, Nooter K: Imatinib mesylate (STI571) is a substrate for the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)/ABCG2 drug pump. Blood. 2004 Nov 1;104(9):2940-2. Epub 2004 Jul 13. Pubmed
  6. Hegedus C, Ozvegy-Laczka C, Apati A, Magocsi M, Nemet K, Orfi L, Keri G, Katona M, Takats Z, Varadi A, Szakacs G, Sarkadi B: Interaction of nilotinib, dasatinib and bosutinib with ABCB1 and ABCG2: implications for altered anti-cancer effects and pharmacological properties. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Oct;158(4):1153-64. Epub 2009 Sep 28. Pubmed
  7. Breedveld P, Pluim D, Cipriani G, Wielinga P, van Tellingen O, Schinkel AH, Schellens JH: The effect of Bcrp1 (Abcg2) on the in vivo pharmacokinetics and brain penetration of imatinib mesylate (Gleevec): implications for the use of breast cancer resistance protein and P-glycoprotein inhibitors to enable the brain penetration of imatinib in patients. Cancer Res. 2005 Apr 1;65(7):2577-82. Pubmed
  8. Oka M, Fukuda M, Soda H: [Anticancer drugs and ABC transporters] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2005 May;32(5):585-92. Pubmed
  9. Burger H, van Tol H, Brok M, Wiemer EA, de Bruijn EA, Guetens G, de Boeck G, Sparreboom A, Verweij J, Nooter K: Chronic imatinib mesylate exposure leads to reduced intracellular drug accumulation by induction of the ABCG2 (BCRP) and ABCB1 (MDR1) drug transport pumps. Cancer Biol Ther. 2005 Jul;4(7):747-52. Epub 2005 Jul 9. Pubmed
  10. Yanase K, Tsukahara S, Mitsuhashi J, Sugimoto Y: Functional SNPs of the breast cancer resistance protein-therapeutic effects and inhibitor development. Cancer Lett. 2006 Mar 8;234(1):73-80. Epub 2005 Nov 21. Pubmed
  11. Nakanishi T, Shiozawa K, Hassel BA, Ross DD: Complex interaction of BCRP/ABCG2 and imatinib in BCR-ABL-expressing cells: BCRP-mediated resistance to imatinib is attenuated by imatinib-induced reduction of BCRP expression. Blood. 2006 Jul 15;108(2):678-84. Epub 2006 Mar 16. Pubmed

5. ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 3

Actions: substrate

Plays an important role in the formation of pulmonary surfactant, probably by transporting lipids such as cholesterol

UniProt ID: Q99758 Link_out
Gene: ABCA3 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Chapuy B, Panse M, Radunski U, Koch R, Wenzel D, Inagaki N, Haase D, Truemper L, Wulf GG: ABC transporter A3 facilitates lysosomal sequestration of imatinib and modulates susceptibility of chronic myeloid leukemia cell lines to this drug. Haematologica. 2009 Nov;94(11):1528-36. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on February 08, 2013 16:19