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Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-06-13 13:24:05
Update Date 2009-02-19 16:04:29
Primary Accession Number DB00621
Secondary Accession Number
  • APRD01151
Name Oxandrolone
Drug Type
  • Approved
  • Investigational
  • Small Molecule
Description A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. [PubChem]
Synonyms
  1. Ossandrolone [DCIT]
  2. Oxandrolona [INN-Spanish]
  3. Oxandrolonum [INN-Latin]
  4. oxandrolone
Brand Names
  1. Anavar
  2. Lonavar
  3. Oxandrin
  4. Protivar
  5. Provitar
  6. Vasorome
Brand Mixtures Not Available
Chemical IUPAC Name (1S,3aS,3bR,5aS,9aS,9bS,11aS)-1-hydroxy-1,9a,11a-trimethyl-2,3,3a,3b,4,5,5a,6,9,9b,10,11-dodecahydroindeno[7,6-h]isochromen-7-one
Chemical Formula C19H30O3
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 53-39-4
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C19H30O3/c1-17-11-22-16(20)10-12(17)4-5-13-14(17)6-8-18(2)15(13)7-9-19(18,3)21/h12-15,21H,4-11H2,1-3H3/t12-,13+,14-,15-,17-,18-,19-/m0/s1
InChI Key QSLJIVKCVHQPLV-PEMPUTJUBY
KEGG Drug D00462 Link Image
KEGG Compound C07346 Link Image
PubChem Compound 5878 Link Image
PubChem Substance 9553 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
PharmGKB ID PA450729 Link Image
HET ID Not Available
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] Not Available
RxList Link http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/oxandrolone.htm Link Image
PDRhealth Link Not Available
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxandrolone Link Image
FDA Label
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Not Available
Synthesis Reference Not Available
Average Molecular Weight 306.4397
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 306.2195
State Solid
Melting Point 236.5 oC
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 1.40e-02 mg/mL Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 4.2 Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP 3.36 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS Not Available
Predicted LogS -4.34 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability Not Available
pKa/Isoelectric Point Not Available
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Isomeric SMILES C[C@]1(O)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC[C@H]4CC(=O)OC[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@]12C
Canonical SMILES CC1(O)CCC2C3CCC4CC(=O)OCC4(C)C3CCC12C
Drug Category
  • Anabolic Agents
  • Androgens
ATC Codes
AHFS Codes Not Available
Indication Use to promote weight gain after weight loss following extensive surgery.
Pharmacology Oxandrolone is an anabolic steroids indicated as adjunctive therapy to promote weight gain after weight loss following extensive surgery, chronic infections, or severe trauma, and in some patients who without definite pathophysiologic reasons fail to gain or to maintain normal weight, to offset the protein catabolism associated with prolonged administration of corticosteroids, and for the relief of the bone pain frequently accompanying osteoporosis. Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone.
Mechanism of Action Oxandrolones interact with androgen receptors in target tissues.
Absorption Not Available
Toxicity The oral LD50 of oxandrolone in mice and dogs is greater than 5,000 mg/kg.
Protein Binding Not Available
Biotransformation Renal
Half Life 0.55 hours (1st phage), 9 hours (2nd phase)
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Tablet Oral
Patient Information Not Available
Contraindications Show Link Image
Interactions Show Link Image
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available
Pathways Not Available
General References
  1. Demling RH, DeSanti L: Oxandrolone induced lean mass gain during recovery from severe burns is maintained after discontinuation of the anabolic steroid. Burns. 2003 Dec;29(8):793-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Drugs.com Link Image
  3. Wikipedia Link Image
  4. RxList Link Image
Organisms Affected
  • Humans and other mammals
Targets
  1. Androgen receptor
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 146
Target 1 Name Androgen receptor
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. Dihydrotestosterone receptor
Target 1 Gene Name AR
Target 1 Protein Sequence >Androgen receptor 
MEVQLGLGRVYPRPPSKTYRGAFQNLFQSVREVIQNPGPRHPEAASAAPPGASLLLLQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQETSPRQQQQQQGEDGSPQAHRRGPTGYLVLDEEQQPSQPQSA
LECHPERGCVPEPGAAVAASKGLPQQLPAPPDEDDSAAPSTLSLLGPTFPGLSSCSADLK
DILSEASTMQLLQQQQQEAVSEGSSSGRAREASGAPTSSKDNYLGGTSTISDNAKELCKA
VSVSMGLGVEALEHLSPGEQLRGDCMYAPLLGVPPAVRPTPCAPLAECKGSLLDDSAGKS
TEDTAEYSPFKGGYTKGLEGESLGCSGSAAAGSSGTLELPSTLSLYKSGALDEAAAYQSR
DYYNFPLALAGPPPPPPPPHPHARIKLENPLDYGSAWAAAAAQCRYGDLASLHGAGAAGP
GSGSPSAAASSSWHTLFTAEEGQLYGPCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGEAGAVAPY
GYTRPPQGLAGQESDFTAPDVWYPGGMVSRVPYPSPTCVKSEMGPWMDSYSGPYGDMRLE
TARDHVLPIDYYFPPQKTCLICGDEASGCHYGALTCGSCKVFFKRAAEGKQKYLCASRND
CTIDKFRRKNCPSCRLRKCYEAGMTLGARKLKKLGNLKLQEEGEASSTTSPTEETTQKLT
VSHIEGYECQPIFLNVLEAIEPGVVCAGHDNNQPDSFAALLSSLNELGERQLVHVVKWAK
ALPGFRNLHVDDQMAVIQYSWMGLMVFAMGWRSFTNVNSRMLYFAPDLVFNEYRMHKSRM
YSQCVRMRHLSQEFGWLQITPQEFLCMKALLLFSIIPVDGLKNQKFFDELRMNYIKELDR
IIACKRKNPTSCSRRFYQLTKLLDSVQPIARELHQFTFDLLIKSHMVSVDFPEMMAEIIS
VQVPKILSGKVKPIYFHTQ
Target 1 Number of Residues 934
Target 1 Molecular Weight 98990
Target 1 Theoretical pI 6.38
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
transcription factor activity
steroid binding
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
ligand-dependent nuclear receptor activity
steroid hormone receptor activity
androgen receptor activity
binding
nucleic acid binding
DNA binding
Process
regulation of biological process
regulation of physiological process
regulation of metabolism
regulation of cellular metabolism
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
regulation of transcription
regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
Component
organelle
membrane-bound organelle
intracellular membrane-bound organelle
nucleus
Target 1 General Function Involved in DNA binding
Target 1 Specific Function The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Activated, but not phosphorylated, by HIPK3
Target 1 Pathways Not Available
Target 1 Reactions Not Available
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function
Target 1 Signals
  • None
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 1 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein 178628 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P10275 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ANDR_HUMAN Link Image
Target 1 PDB ID 1E3G Link Image
Target 1 PDB File Show
Target 1 3D Structure
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Nucleus
Target 1 Gene Sequence >2760 bp 
ATGGAAGTGCAGTTAGGGCTGGGAAGGGTCTACCCTCGGCCGCCGTCCAAGACCTACCGA
GGAGCTTTCCAGAATCTGTTCCAGAGCGTGCGCGAAGTGATCCAGAACCCGGGCCCCAGG
CACCCAGAGGCCGCGAGCGCAGCACCTCCCGGCGCCAGTTTGCTGCTGCTGCAGCAGCAG
CAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAAGAGACT
AGCCCCAGGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGGGTGAGGATGGTTCTCCCCAAGCCCATCGTAGA
GGCCCCACAGGCTACCTGGTCCTGGATGAGGAACAGCAACCTTCACAGCCGCAGTCGGCC
CTGGAGTGCCACCCCGAGAGAGGTTGCGTCCCAGAGCCTGGAGCCGCCGTGGCCGCCAGC
AAGGGGCTGCCGCAGCAGCTGCCAGCACCTCCGGACGAGGATGACTCAGCTGCCCCATCC
ACGTTGTCCCTGCTGGGCCCCACTTTCCCCGGCTTAAGCAGCTGCTCCGCTGACCTTAAA
GACATCCTGAGCGAGGCCAGCACCATGCAACTCCTTCAGCAACAGCAGCAGGAAGCAGTA
TCCGAAGGCAGCAGCAGCGGGAGAGCGAGGGAGGCCTCGGGGGCTCCCACTTCCTCCAAG
GACAATTACTTAGGGGGCACTTCGACCATTTCTGACAACGCCAAGGAGTTGTGTAAGGCA
GTGTCGGTGTCCATGGGCCTGGGTGTGGAGGCGTTGGAGCATCTGAGTCCAGGGGAACAG
CTTCGGGGGGATTGCATGTACGCCCCACTTTTGGGAGTTCCACCCGCTGTGCGTCCCACT
CCTTGTGCCCCATTGGCCGAATGCAAAGGTTCTCTGCTAGACGACAGCGCAGGCAAGAGC
ACTGAAGATACTGCTGAGTATTCCCCTTTCAAGGGAGGTTACACCAAAGGGCTAGAAGGC
GAGAGCCTAGGCTGCTCTGGCAGCGCTGCAGCAGGGAGCTCCGGGACACTTGAACTGCCG
TCTACCCTGTCTCTCTACAAGTCCGGAGCACTGGACGAGGCAGCTGCGTACCAGAGTCGC
GACTACTACAACTTTCCACTGGCTCTGGCCGGACCGCCGCCCCCTCCGCCGCCTCCCCAT
CCCCACGCTCGCATCAAGCTGGAGAACCCGCTGGACTACGGCAGCGCCTGGGCGGCTGCG
GCGGCGCAGTGCCGCTATGGGGACCTGGCGAGCCTGCATGGCGCGGGTGCAGCGGGACCC
GGTTCTGGGTCACCCTCAGCCGCCGCTTCCTCATCCTGGCACACTCTCTTCACAGCCGAA
GAAGGCCAGTTGTATGGACCGTGTGGTGGTGGTGGGGGTGGTGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGC
GGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGAGGCGGGAGCTGTAGCCCCCTAC
GGCTACACTCGGCCCCCTCAGGGGCTGGCGGGCCAGGAAAGCGACTTCACCGCACCTGAT
GTGTGGTACCCTGGCGGCATGGTGAGCAGAGTGCCCTATCCCAGTCCCACTTGTGTCAAA
AGCGAAATGGGCCCCTGGATGGATAGCTACTCCGGACCTTACGGGGACATGCGTTTGGAG
ACTGCCAGGGACCATGTTTTGCCCATTGACTATTACTTTCCACCCCAGAAGACCTGCCTG
ATCTGTGGAGATGAAGCTTCTGGGTGTCACTATGGAGCTCTCACATGTGGAAGCTGCAAG
GTCTTCTTCAAAAGAGCCGCTGAAGGGAAACAGAAGTACCTGTGCGCCAGCAGAAATGAT
TGCACTATTGATAAATTCCGAAGGAAAAATTGTCCATCTTGTCGTCTTCGGAAATGTTAT
GAAGCAGGGATGACTCTGGGAGCCCGGAAGCTGAAGAAACTTGGTAATCTGAAACTACAG
GAGGAAGGAGAGGCTTCCAGCACCACCAGCCCCACTGAGGAGACAACCCAGAAGCTGACA
GTGTCACACATTGAAGGCTATGAATGTCAGCCCATCTTTCTGAATGTCCTGGAAGCCATT
GAGCCAGGTGTAGTGTGTGCTGGACACGACAACAACCAGCCCGACTCCTTTGCAGCCTTG
CTCTCTAGCCTCAATGAACTGGGAGAGAGACAGCTTGTACACGTGGTCAAGTGGGCCAAG
GCCTTGCCTGGCTTCCGCAACTTACACGTGGACGACCAGATGGCTGTCATTCAGTACTCC
TGGATGGGGCTCATGGTGTTTGCCATGGGCTGGCGATCCTTCACCAATGTCAACTCCAGG
ATGCTCTACTTCGCCCCTGATCTGGTTTTCAATGAGTACCGCATGCACAAGTCCCGGATG
TACAGCCAGTGTGTCCGAATGAGGCACCTCTCTCAAGAGTTTGGATGGCTCCAAATCACC
CCCCAGGAATTCCTGTGCATGAAAGCACTGCTACTCTTCAGCATTATTCCAGTGGATGGG
CTGAAAAATCAAAAATTCTTTGATGAACTTCGAATGAACTACATCAAGGAACTCGATCGT
ATCATTGCATGCAAAAGAAAAAATCCCACATCCTGCTCAAGACGCTTCTACCAGCTCACC
AAGCTCCTGGACTCCGTGCAGCCTATTGCGAGAGAGCTGCATCAGTTCACTTTTGACCTG
CTAATCAAGTCACACATGGTGAGCGTGGACTTTCCGGAAATGATGGCAGAGATCATCTCT
GTGCAAGTGCCCAAGATCCTTTCTGGGAAAGTCAAGCCCATCTATTTCCACACCCAGTGA
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID AR Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID AR Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:644 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location X
Target 1 Locus Xq11.2-q12
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 General References
  1. Shkolny DL, Beitel LK, Ginsberg J, Pekeles G, Arbour L, Pinsky L, Trifiro MA: Discordant measures of androgen-binding kinetics in two mutant androgen receptors causing mild or partial androgen insensitivity, respectively. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Feb;84(2):805-10. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Nordenskjold A, Friedman E, Tapper-Persson M, Soderhall C, Leviav A, Svensson J, Anvret M: Screening for mutations in candidate genes for hypospadias. Urol Res. 1999;27(1):49-55. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Chen CP, Chern SR, Wang TY, Wang W, Wang KL, Jeng CJ: Androgen receptor gene mutations in 46,XY females with germ cell tumours. Hum Reprod. 1999 Mar;14(3):664-70. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Peters I, Weidemann W, Romalo G, Knorr D, Schweikert HU, Spindler KD: An androgen receptor mutation in the direct vicinity of the proposed C-terminal alpha-helix of the ligand binding domain containing the AF-2 transcriptional activating function core is associated with complete androgen insensitivity. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1999 Feb 25;148(1-2):47-53. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Waragai M, Lammers CH, Takeuchi S, Imafuku I, Udagawa Y, Kanazawa I, Kawabata M, Mouradian MM, Okazawa H: PQBP-1, a novel polyglutamine tract-binding protein, inhibits transcription activation by Brn-2 and affects cell survival. Hum Mol Genet. 1999 Jun;8(6):977-87. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Taplin ME, Bubley GJ, Ko YJ, Small EJ, Upton M, Rajeshkumar B, Balk SP: Selection for androgen receptor mutations in prostate cancers treated with androgen antagonist. Cancer Res. 1999 Jun 1;59(11):2511-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Hsiao PW, Lin DL, Nakao R, Chang C: The linkage of Kennedy's neuron disease to ARA24, the first identified androgen receptor polyglutamine region-associated coactivator. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jul 16;274(29):20229-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Kanayama H, Naroda T, Inoue Y, Kurokawa Y, Kagawa S: A case of complete testicular feminization: laparoscopic orchiectomy and analysis of androgen receptor gene mutation. Int J Urol. 1999 Jun;6(6):327-30. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Yaegashi N, Uehara S, Senoo M, Sato J, Fujiwara J, Funato T, Sasaki T, Yajima A: Point mutations in the steroid-binding domain of the androgen receptor gene of five Japanese patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1999 Mar;187(3):263-72. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Knoke I, Jakubiczka S, Lehnert H, Wieacker P: A new point mutation of the androgen receptor gene in a patient with partial androgen resistance and severe oligozoospermia. Andrologia. 1999 Jul;31(4):199-201. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. 10502786 Melo KF, Latronico AC, Costa EM, Billerbeck AE, Mendonca BB, Arnhold IJ: A novel point mutation (R840S) in the androgen receptor in a Brazilian family with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome. Hum Mutat. 1999 Oct;14(4):353.
  12. 10543676 Ong YC, Wong HB, Adaikan G, Yong EL: Directed pharmacological therapy of ambiguous genitalia due to an androgen receptor gene mutation. Lancet. 1999 Oct 23;354(9188):1444-5.
  13. 10569618 Zhao XY, Boyle B, Krishnan AV, Navone NM, Peehl DM, Feldman D: Two mutations identified in the androgen receptor of the new human prostate cancer cell line MDA PCa 2a. J Urol. 1999 Dec;162(6):2192-9.
  14. 10571951 Gottlieb B, Vasiliou DM, Lumbroso R, Beitel LK, Pinsky L, Trifiro MA: Analysis of exon 1 mutations in the androgen receptor gene. Hum Mutat. 1999;14(6):527-39.
  15. 10590024 Holterhus PM, Wiebel J, Sinnecker GH, Bruggenwirth HT, Sippell WG, Brinkmann AO, Kruse K, Hiort O: Clinical and molecular spectrum of somatic mosaicism in androgen insensitivity syndrome. Pediatr Res. 1999 Dec;46(6):684-90.
  16. 10598582 Nazareth LV, Stenoien DL, Bingman WE 3rd, James AJ, Wu C, Zhang Y, Edwards DP, Mancini M, Marcelli M, Lamb DJ, Weigel NL: A C619Y mutation in the human androgen receptor causes inactivation and mislocalization of the receptor with concomitant sequestration of SRC-1 (steroid receptor coactivator 1) Mol Endocrinol. 1999 Dec;13(12):2065-75.
  17. 10625666 Oettgen P, Finger E, Sun Z, Akbarali Y, Thamrongsak U, Boltax J, Grall F, Dube A, Weiss A, Brown L, Quinn G, Kas K, Endress G, Kunsch C, Libermann TA: PDEF, a novel prostate epithelium-specific ets transcription factor, interacts with the androgen receptor and activates prostate-specific antigen gene expression. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jan 14;275(2):1216-25.
  18. 10629558 Wallen MJ, Linja M, Kaartinen K, Schleutker J, Visakorpi T: Androgen receptor gene mutations in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. J Pathol. 1999 Dec;189(4):559-63.
  19. 10690872 Ahmed SF, Cheng A, Dovey L, Hawkins JR, Martin H, Rowland J, Shimura N, Tait AD, Hughes IA: Phenotypic features, androgen receptor binding, and mutational analysis in 278 clinical cases reported as androgen insensitivity syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Feb;85(2):658-65.
  20. 10706109 Marcelli M, Ittmann M, Mariani S, Sutherland R, Nigam R, Murthy L, Zhao Y, DiConcini D, Puxeddu E, Esen A, Eastham J, Weigel NL, Lamb DJ: Androgen receptor mutations in prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 2000 Feb 15;60(4):944-9.
  21. 10840043 Matias PM, Donner P, Coelho R, Thomaz M, Peixoto C, Macedo S, Otto N, Joschko S, Scholz P, Wegg A, Basler S, Schafer M, Egner U, Carrondo MA: Structural evidence for ligand specificity in the binding domain of the human androgen receptor. Implications for pathogenic gene mutations. J Biol Chem. 2000 Aug 25;275(34):26164-71.
  22. 10930412 Sharma M, Zarnegar M, Li X, Lim B, Sun Z: Androgen receptor interacts with a novel MYST protein, HBO1. J Biol Chem. 2000 Nov 10;275(45):35200-8.
  23. 11587068 Chavez B, Mendez JP, Ulloa-Aguirre A, Larrea F, Vilchis F: Eight novel mutations of the androgen receptor gene in patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome. J Hum Genet. 2001;46(10):560-5.
  24. 11744994 Sills ES, Sholes TE, Perloe M, Kaplan CR, Davis JG, Tucker MJ: Characterization of a novel receptor mutation A-->T at exon 4 in complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and a carrier sibling via bidirectional polymorphism sequence analysis. Int J Mol Med. 2002 Jan;9(1):45-8.
  25. 11906285 Matias PM, Carrondo MA, Coelho R, Thomaz M, Zhao XY, Wegg A, Crusius K, Egner U, Donner P: Structural basis for the glucocorticoid response in a mutant human androgen receptor (AR(ccr)) derived from an androgen-independent prostate cancer. J Med Chem. 2002 Mar 28;45(7):1439-46.
  26. 12361945 Rao MA, Cheng H, Quayle AN, Nishitani H, Nelson CC, Rennie PS: RanBPM, a nuclear protein that interacts with and regulates transcriptional activity of androgen receptor and glucocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem. 2002 Dec 13;277(50):48020-7. Epub 2002 Oct 1.
  27. 12415108 Wong CW, McNally C, Nickbarg E, Komm BS, Cheskis BJ: Estrogen receptor-interacting protein that modulates its nongenomic activity-crosstalk with Src/Erk phosphorylation cascade. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Nov 12;99(23):14783-8. Epub 2002 Nov 1.
  28. 12612053 Niki T, Takahashi-Niki K, Taira T, Iguchi-Ariga SM, Ariga H: DJBP: a novel DJ-1-binding protein, negatively regulates the androgen receptor by recruiting histone deacetylase complex, and DJ-1 antagonizes this inhibition by abrogation of this complex. Mol Cancer Res. 2003 Feb;1(4):247-61.
  29. 1303262 Wooster R, Mangion J, Eeles R, Smith S, Dowsett M, Averill D, Barrett-Lee P, Easton DF, Ponder BA, Stratton MR: A germline mutation in the androgen receptor gene in two brothers with breast cancer and Reifenstein syndrome. Nat Genet. 1992 Oct;2(2):132-4.
  30. 1307250 Batch JA, Williams DM, Davies HR, Brown BD, Evans BA, Hughes IA, Patterson MN: Androgen receptor gene mutations identified by SSCP in fourteen subjects with androgen insensitivity syndrome. Hum Mol Genet. 1992 Oct;1(7):497-503.
  31. 1316540 Zoppi S, Marcelli M, Deslypere JP, Griffin JE, Wilson JD, McPhaul MJ: Amino acid substitutions in the DNA-binding domain of the human androgen receptor are a frequent cause of receptor-binding positive androgen resistance. Mol Endocrinol. 1992 Mar;6(3):409-15.
  32. 1424203 Saunders PT, Padayachi T, Tincello DG, Shalet SM, Wu FC: Point mutations detected in the androgen receptor gene of three men with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1992 Sep;37(3):214-20.
  33. 1426313 Sweet CR, Behzadian MA, McDonough PG: A unique point mutation in the androgen receptor gene in a family with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome. Fertil Steril. 1992 Oct;58(4):703-7.
  34. 1430233 McPhaul MJ, Marcelli M, Zoppi S, Wilson CM, Griffin JE, Wilson JD: Mutations in the ligand-binding domain of the androgen receptor gene cluster in two regions of the gene. J Clin Invest. 1992 Nov;90(5):2097-101.
  35. 1458719 Pinsky L, Trifiro M, Kaufman M, Beitel LK, Mhatre A, Kazemi-Esfarjani P, Sabbaghian N, Lumbroso R, Alvarado C, Vasiliou M, et al.: Androgen resistance due to mutation of the androgen receptor. Clin Invest Med. 1992 Oct;15(5):456-72.
  36. 1464650 Wilson CM, Griffin JE, Wilson JD, Marcelli M, Zoppi S, McPhaul MJ: Immunoreactive androgen receptor expression in subjects with androgen resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992 Dec;75(6):1474-8.
  37. 1480178 De Bellis A, Quigley CA, Cariello NF, el-Awady MK, Sar M, Lane MV, Wilson EM, French FS: Single base mutations in the human androgen receptor gene causing complete androgen insensitivity: rapid detection by a modified denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis technique. Mol Endocrinol. 1992 Nov;6(11):1909-20.
  38. 1487249 Jakubiczka S, Werder EA, Wieacker P: Point mutation in the steroid-binding domain of the androgen receptor gene in a family with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS). Hum Genet. 1992 Nov;90(3):311-2.
  39. 1561105 Sleddens HF, Oostra BA, Brinkmann AO, Trapman J: Trinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene (AR). Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Mar 25;20(6):1427.
  40. 1562539 Veldscholte J, Berrevoets CA, Ris-Stalpers C, Kuiper GG, Jenster G, Trapman J, Brinkmann AO, Mulder E: The androgen receptor in LNCaP cells contains a mutation in the ligand binding domain which affects steroid binding characteristics and response to antiandrogens. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1992 Mar;41(3-8):665-9.
  41. 1569163 Nakao R, Haji M, Yanase T, Ogo A, Takayanagi R, Katsube T, Fukumaki Y, Nawata H: A single amino acid substitution (Met786----Val) in the steroid-binding domain of human androgen receptor leads to complete androgen insensitivity syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992 May;74(5):1152-7.
  42. 1609793 Prior L, Bordet S, Trifiro MA, Mhatre A, Kaufman M, Pinsky L, Wrogeman K, Belsham DD, Pereira F, Greenberg C, et al.: Replacement of arginine 773 by cysteine or histidine in the human androgen receptor causes complete androgen insensitivity with different receptor phenotypes. Am J Hum Genet. 1992 Jul;51(1):143-55.
  43. 1631125 Newmark JR, Hardy DO, Tonb DC, Carter BS, Epstein JI, Isaacs WB, Brown TR, Barrack ER: Androgen receptor gene mutations in human prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jul 15;89(14):6319-23.
  44. 1775137 Ris-Stalpers C, Trifiro MA, Kuiper GG, Jenster G, Romalo G, Sai T, van Rooij HC, Kaufman M, Rosenfield RL, Liao S, et al.: Substitution of aspartic acid-686 by histidine or asparagine in the human androgen receptor leads to a functionally inactive protein with altered hormone-binding characteristics. Mol Endocrinol. 1991 Oct;5(10):1562-9.
  45. 1856263 Marcelli M, Tilley WD, Zoppi S, Griffin JE, Wilson JD, McPhaul MJ: Androgen resistance associated with a mutation of the androgen receptor at amino acid 772 (Arg----Cys) results from a combination of decreased messenger ribonucleic acid levels and impairment of receptor function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991 Aug;73(2):318-25.
  46. 1999491 Marcelli M, Zoppi S, Grino PB, Griffin JE, Wilson JD, McPhaul MJ: A mutation in the DNA-binding domain of the androgen receptor gene causes complete testicular feminization in a patient with receptor-positive androgen resistance. J Clin Invest. 1991 Mar;87(3):1123-6.
  47. 2010552 McPhaul MJ, Marcelli M, Tilley WD, Griffin JE, Isidro-Gutierrez RF, Wilson JD: Molecular basis of androgen resistance in a family with a qualitative abnormality of the androgen receptor and responsive to high-dose androgen therapy. J Clin Invest. 1991 Apr;87(4):1413-21.
  48. 2062380 La Spada AR, Wilson EM, Lubahn DB, Harding AE, Fischbeck KH: Androgen receptor gene mutations in X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Nature. 1991 Jul 4;352(6330):77-9.
  49. 2082179 Brown TR, Lubahn DB, Wilson EM, French FS, Migeon CJ, Corden JL: Functional characterization of naturally occurring mutant androgen receptors from subjects with complete androgen insensitivity. Mol Endocrinol. 1990 Dec;4(12):1759-72.
  50. 2260966 Veldscholte J, Ris-Stalpers C, Kuiper GG, Jenster G, Berrevoets C, Claassen E, van Rooij HC, Trapman J, Brinkmann AO, Mulder E: A mutation in the ligand binding domain of the androgen receptor of human LNCaP cells affects steroid binding characteristics and response to anti-androgens. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Dec 14;173(2):534-40.
  51. 2293020 Marcelli M, Tilley WD, Wilson CM, Griffin JE, Wilson JD, McPhaul MJ: Definition of the human androgen receptor gene structure permits the identification of mutations that cause androgen resistance: premature termination of the receptor protein at amino acid residue 588 causes complete androgen resistance. Mol Endocrinol. 1990 Aug;4(8):1105-16.
  52. 2342476 Govindan MV: Specific region in hormone binding domain is essential for hormone binding and trans-activation by human androgen receptor. Mol Endocrinol. 1990 Mar;4(3):417-27.
  53. 2546571 Kuiper GG, Faber PW, van Rooij HC, van der Korput JA, Ris-Stalpers C, Klaassen P, Trapman J, Brinkmann AO: Structural organization of the human androgen receptor gene. J Mol Endocrinol. 1989 May;2(3):R1-4.
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This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.