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Identification
Name Maprotiline
Accession Number DB00934 (APRD00747)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

Maprotiline is a tetracyclic antidepressant with similar pharmacological properties to tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Similar to TCAs, maprotiline inhibits neuronal norepinephrine reuptake, possesses some anticholinergic activity, and does not affect monoamine oxidase activity. It differs from TCAs in that it does not appear to block serotonin reuptake. Maprotiline may be used to treat depressive affective disorders, including dysthymic disorder (depressive neurosis) and major depressive disorder. Maprotiline is effective at reducing symptoms of anxiety associated with depression.
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
Maprotilina [INN-Spanish]
Maprotiline Hcl
Maprotilinum [INN-Latin]
Maprotylina [Polish]
Salts Not Available
Brand names
Name Company
Deprilept
Ludiomil
Psymion
Brand mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Antidepressants
  • Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors
  • Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation
CAS number 10262-69-8
Weight Average: 277.4033
Monoisotopic: 277.183049741
Chemical Formula C20H23N
InChI Key InChIKey=QSLMDECMDJKHMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C20H23N/c1-21-14-6-12-20-13-11-15(16-7-2-4-9-18(16)20)17-8-3-5-10-19(17)20/h2-5,7-10,15,21H,6,11-14H2,1H3
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
methyl(3-{tetracyclo[6.6.2.0^{2,7}.0^{9,14}]hexadeca-2(7),3,5,9(14),10,12-hexaen-1-yl}propyl)amine
SMILES
CNCCCC12CCC(C3=CC=CC=C13)C1=CC=CC=C21
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Anthracenes
Substructures
  • Naphthalenes
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Benzene and Derivatives
  • Anthracenes
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Cyclohexenes and Derivatives
Pharmacology
Indication For treatment of depression, including the depressed phase of bipolar depression, psychotic depression, and involutional melancholia, and may also be helpful in treating certain patients suffering severe depressive neurosis.
Pharmacodynamics Maprotiline is a tetracyclic antidepressant. Although its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of depression, it has also been shown to exert a sedative effect on the anxiety component that often accompanies depression. In one sleep study, it was shown that maprotiline increases the duration of the REM sleep phase in depressed patients, compared to imipramine which reduced the REM sleep phase. Maprotiline is a strong inhibitor of noradrenaline reuptake in the brain and peripheral tissues, however it is worthy to note that it is a weak inhibitor of serotonergic uptake. In addition, it displays strong antihistaminic action (which may explain its sedative effects) as well as weak anticholinergic action. Maprotiline also has lower alpha adrenergic blocking activity than amitriptyline.
Mechanism of action Maprotiline exerts its antidepressant action by inhibition of presynaptic uptake of catecholamines, thereby increasing their concentration at the synaptic clefts of the brain. In single doses, the effect of maprotiline on the EEG revealed a rise in the alpha-wave density, a reduction of the alpha-wave frequency and an increase in the alpha-wave amplitude. However, as with other tricyclic antidepressants, maprotiline lowers the convulsive threshold. Maprotiline acts as an antagonist at central presynaptic α2-adrenergic inhibitory autoreceptors and hetero-receptors, an action that is postulated to result in an increase in central noradrenergic and serotonergic activity. Maprotiline is also a moderate peripheral α1 adrenergic antagonist, which may explain the occasional orthostatic hypotension reported in association with its use. Maprotiline also inhibits the amine transporter, delaying the reuptake of noradrenaline and norepinephrine. Lastly, maprotiline is a strong inhibitor of the histamine H1 receptor, which explains its sedative actions.
Absorption Slowly, but completely absorbed from the GI tract following oral administration.
Volume of distribution

Maprotiline and its metabolites may be detected in the lungs, liver, brain, and kidneys; lower concentrations may be found in the adrenal glands, heart and muscle. Maprotiline is readily distributed into breast milk to similar concentrations as those in maternal blood.
Protein binding 88%
Metabolism Hepatic. Maprotiline is metabolized by N-demethylation, deamination, aliphatic and aromatic hydroxylations and by formation of aromatic methoxy derivatives. It is slowly metabolized primarily to desmethylmaprotiline, a pharmacologically active metabolite. Desmethylmaprotiline may undergo further metabolism to maprotiline-N-oxide.
Route of elimination Approximately 60% of a single orally administered dose is excreted in urine as conjugated metabolites within 21 days; 30% is eliminated in feces.
Half life Average ~ 51 hours (range: 27-58 hours)
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity LD50=~900 mg/kg (Orally in rats); LD50=90 mg/kg (Orally in women); Signs of overdose include motor unrest, muscular twitching and rigidity, tremor, ataxia, convulsions, hyperpyrexia, vertigo, mydriasis, vomiting, cyanosis, hypotension, shock, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, impaired cardiac conduction, respiratory depression, and disturbances of consciousness up to deep coma.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Novartis pharmaceuticals corp
  • American therapeutics inc
  • Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
  • Watson laboratories inc
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Tablet Oral 25 mg
Tablet Oral 50 mg
Tablet Oral 75 mg
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Novo-Maprotiline 75 mg Tablet 1.54 USD tablet
Maprotiline HCl 75 mg tablet 1.25 USD tablet
Novo-Maprotiline 50 mg Tablet 1.13 USD tablet
Maprotiline 75 mg tablet 0.91 USD tablet
Maprotiline HCl 50 mg tablet 0.86 USD tablet
Maprotiline 50 mg tablet 0.79 USD tablet
Maprotiline HCl 25 mg tablet 0.73 USD tablet
Maprotiline 25 mg tablet 0.69 USD tablet
Novo-Maprotiline 25 mg Tablet 0.6 USD tablet
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents Not Available
Properties
State solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point 93 °C PhysProp
water solubility Slightly soluble Not Available
logP 5.1 Not Available
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 1.50e-04 g/l ALOGPS
logP 4.89 ALOGPS
logP 4.37 ChemAxon
logS -6.3 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest basic) 10.54 ChemAxon
physiological charge 1 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 1 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 1 ChemAxon
polar surface area 12.03 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 4 ChemAxon
refractivity 99.3 ChemAxon
polarizability 33.57 ChemAxon
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference Not Available
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Drug D02566 Link_out
KEGG Compound C07107 Link_out
PubChem Compound 4011 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46508358 Link_out
ChemSpider 3871 Link_out
BindingDB 35228 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP001150 Link_out
PharmGKB PA450322 Link_out
IUPHAR 2402 Link_out
Guide to Pharmacology 2402 Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/cdi/maprotiline.html Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maprotiline Link_out
ATC Codes
  • N06AA21
AHFS Codes
  • 28:16.04.28
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label Not Available
MSDS show (64.8 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Artemether Additive QTc-prolongation may occur. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
Cisapride Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Desvenlafaxine Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
Donepezil Possible antagonism of action
Galantamine Possible antagonism of action
Lumefantrine Additive QTc-prolongation may occur. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
Mesoridazine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Propranolol Propranolol increases the serum levels of cisapride
Rivastigmine Possible antagonism of action
Tacrine The therapeutic effects of the central acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, Tacrine, and/or the anticholinergic, Maprotiline, may be reduced due to antagonism. The interaction may be beneficial when the anticholinergic action is a side effect. Monitor for decreased efficacy of both agents.
Tacrolimus Additive QTc-prolongation may occur increasing the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias. Concomitant therapy should be used with caution.
Terbinafine Terbinafine may reduce the metabolism and clearance of Maprotiline. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for therapeutic/adverse effects of Maprotiline if Terbinafine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Thioridazine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Thiothixene May cause additive QTc-prolonging effects. Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Consider alternate therapy. Thorough risk:benefit assessment is required prior to co-administration.
Toremifene Additive QTc-prolongation may occur, increasing the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias. Consider alternate therapy. A thorough risk:benefit assessment is required prior to co-administration.
Tramadol Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
Tranylcypromine Maprotiline may increase the adverse effects of the MAO inhibitor, Tranylcypromine. These agents should not be administered within 14 days of each other.
Trazodone Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
Trimethobenzamide Trimethobenzamide and Maprotiline, two anticholinergics, may cause additive anticholinergic effects and enhance their adverse/toxic effects. Monitor for enhanced anticholinergic effects.
Trimipramine Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome. Additive QTc-prolongation may also occur, increasing the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias. Concomitant therapy should be used with caution.
Triprolidine Triprolidine and Maprotiline, two anticholinergics, may cause additive anticholinergic effects and enhance their adverse/toxic effects. Additive CNS depressant effects may also occur. Monitor for enhanced anticholinergic and CNS depressant effects.
Trospium Trospium and Maprotiline, two anticholinergics, may cause additive anticholinergic effects and enhanced adverse/toxic effects. Monitor for enhanced anticholinergic effects.
Venlafaxine Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
Voriconazole Additive QTc prolongation may occur. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for QTc prolongation as this can lead to Torsade de Pointes (TdP).
Vorinostat Additive QTc prolongation may occur. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for QTc prolongation as this can lead to Torsade de Pointes (TdP).
Ziprasidone Additive QTc-prolonging effects may increase the risk of severe arrhythmias. Concomitant therapy is contraindicated.
Zolmitriptan Use of two serotonin modulators, such as zolmitriptan and maprotiline, increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for serotonin syndrome during concomitant therapy.
Zuclopenthixol Additive QTc prolongation may occur. Consider alternate therapy or use caution and monitor for QTc prolongation as this can lead to Torsade de Pointes (TdP).
Food Interactions
  • Take without regard to meals. Limit caffeine intake.
Targets

1. Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

Amine transporter. Terminates the action of noradrenaline by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P23975 Link_out
Gene: SLC6A2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Saba W, Valette H, Schollhorn-Peyronneau MA, Coulon C, Ottaviani M, Chalon S, Dolle F, Emond P, Halldin C, Helfenbein J, Madelmont JC, Deloye JB, Guilloteau D, Bottlaender M: [11C]LBT-999: a suitable radioligand for investigation of extra-striatal dopamine transporter with PET. Synapse. 2007 Jan;61(1):17-23. Pubmed
  2. Arai S, Morita K, Kitayama S, Kumagai K, Kumagai M, Kihira K, Dohi T: Chronic inhibition of the norepinephrine transporter in the brain participates in seizure sensitization to cocaine and local anesthetics. Brain Res. 2003 Feb 21;964(1):83-90. Pubmed
  3. Cloonan SM, Drozgowska A, Fayne D, Williams DC: The antidepressants maprotiline and fluoxetine have potent selective antiproliferative effects against Burkitt lymphoma independently of the norepinephrine and serotonin transporters. Leuk Lymphoma. 2010 Mar;51(3):523-39. Pubmed
  4. Dronjak S, Spasojevic N, Gavrilovic L, Varagic V: Effects of noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake inhibitors on pituitary-adrenocortical and sympatho-adrenomedullar system of adult rats. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2007 Oct;28(5):614-20. Pubmed
  5. Mochizucki D: Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors in animal models of pain. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2004 Oct;19 Suppl 1:S15-9. Pubmed

2. Histamine H1 receptor

Pharmacological action: no
Actions: antagonist

In peripheral tissues, the H1 subclass of histamine receptors mediates the contraction of smooth muscles, increase in capillary permeability due to contraction of terminal venules, and catecholamine release from adrenal medulla, as well as mediating neurotransmission in the central nervous system

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P35367 Link_out
Gene: HRH1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Noguchi S, Inukai T, Kuno T, Tanaka C: The suppression of olfactory bulbectomy-induced muricide by antidepressants and antihistamines via histamine H1 receptor blocking. Physiol Behav. 1992 Jun;51(6):1123-7. Pubmed
  2. Cavero I, Lefevre-Borg F, Roach AG: Effects of mianserin, desipramine and maprotiline on blood pressure responses evoked by acetylcholine, histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in rats. Br J Pharmacol. 1981 Sep;74(1):143-8. Pubmed
  3. Kanba S, Richelson E: Histamine H1 receptors in human brain labelled with [3H]doxepin. Brain Res. 1984 Jun 18;304(1):1-7. Pubmed

3. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1

Pharmacological action: no
Actions: antagonist

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P11229 Link_out
Gene: CHRM1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. El-Fakahany E, Richelson E: Antagonism by antidepressants of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors of human brain. Br J Pharmacol. 1983 Jan;78(1):97-102. Pubmed
  2. Golds PR, Przyslo FR, Strange PG: The binding of some antidepressant drugs to brain muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 1980 Mar;68(3):541-9. Pubmed
  3. Doggrell SA, Vincent L: The postsynaptic effects of antidepressant drugs in the rat anococcygeus muscle. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1981 Nov;33(11):720-4. Pubmed

4. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2

Pharmacological action: no
Actions: antagonist

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is adenylate cyclase inhibition

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P08172 Link_out
Gene: CHRM2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. El-Fakahany E, Richelson E: Antagonism by antidepressants of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors of human brain. Br J Pharmacol. 1983 Jan;78(1):97-102. Pubmed
  2. Golds PR, Przyslo FR, Strange PG: The binding of some antidepressant drugs to brain muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 1980 Mar;68(3):541-9. Pubmed
  3. Doggrell SA, Vincent L: The postsynaptic effects of antidepressant drugs in the rat anococcygeus muscle. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1981 Nov;33(11):720-4. Pubmed

5. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3

Pharmacological action: no
Actions: antagonist

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P20309 Link_out
Gene: CHRM3 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. El-Fakahany E, Richelson E: Antagonism by antidepressants of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors of human brain. Br J Pharmacol. 1983 Jan;78(1):97-102. Pubmed
  2. Golds PR, Przyslo FR, Strange PG: The binding of some antidepressant drugs to brain muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 1980 Mar;68(3):541-9. Pubmed
  3. Doggrell SA, Vincent L: The postsynaptic effects of antidepressant drugs in the rat anococcygeus muscle. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1981 Nov;33(11):720-4. Pubmed

6. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4

Pharmacological action: no
Actions: antagonist

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is inhibition of adenylate cyclase

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P08173 Link_out
Gene: CHRM4 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. El-Fakahany E, Richelson E: Antagonism by antidepressants of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors of human brain. Br J Pharmacol. 1983 Jan;78(1):97-102. Pubmed
  2. Golds PR, Przyslo FR, Strange PG: The binding of some antidepressant drugs to brain muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 1980 Mar;68(3):541-9. Pubmed
  3. Doggrell SA, Vincent L: The postsynaptic effects of antidepressant drugs in the rat anococcygeus muscle. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1981 Nov;33(11):720-4. Pubmed

7. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5

Pharmacological action: no
Actions: antagonist

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P08912 Link_out
Gene: CHRM5 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. El-Fakahany E, Richelson E: Antagonism by antidepressants of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors of human brain. Br J Pharmacol. 1983 Jan;78(1):97-102. Pubmed
  2. Golds PR, Przyslo FR, Strange PG: The binding of some antidepressant drugs to brain muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 1980 Mar;68(3):541-9. Pubmed
  3. Doggrell SA, Vincent L: The postsynaptic effects of antidepressant drugs in the rat anococcygeus muscle. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1981 Nov;33(11):720-4. Pubmed

8. Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor

Pharmacological action: no
Actions: antagonist

This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P35348 Link_out
Gene: ADRA1A Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Cytochrome P450 2D6

Actions: substrate

Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants

UniProt ID: P10635 Link_out
Gene: CYP2D6 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
  2. Brachtendorf L, Jetter A, Beckurts KT, Holscher AH, Fuhr U: Cytochrome P450 enzymes contributing to demethylation of maprotiline in man. Pharmacol Toxicol. 2002 Mar;90(3):144-9. Pubmed

2. Cytochrome P450 1A2

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen

UniProt ID: P05177 Link_out
Gene: CYP1A2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
Transporters

1. Multidrug resistance protein 1

Actions: inhibitor

Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells

UniProt ID: P08183 Link_out
Gene: ABCB1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Mahar Doan KM, Humphreys JE, Webster LO, Wring SA, Shampine LJ, Serabjit-Singh CJ, Adkison KK, Polli JW: Passive permeability and P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux differentiate central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS marketed drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Dec;303(3):1029-37. Pubmed
  2. Nagy H, Goda K, Fenyvesi F, Bacso Z, Szilasi M, Kappelmayer J, Lustyik G, Cianfriglia M, Szabo G Jr: Distinct groups of multidrug resistance modulating agents are distinguished by competition of P-glycoprotein-specific antibodies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Mar 19;315(4):942-9. Pubmed
Carriers

1. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1

Appears to function in modulating the activity of the immune system during the acute-phase reaction

UniProt ID: P02763 Link_out
Gene: ORM1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Ferry DG, Caplan NB, Cubeddu LX: Interaction between antidepressants and alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonists on the binding to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. J Pharm Sci. 1986 Feb;75(2):146-9. Pubmed
  2. Eap CB, Cuendet C, Baumann P: Selectivity in the binding of psychotropic drugs to the variants of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1988 Feb;337(2):220-4. Pubmed
  3. Lynn K, Braithwaite R, Dawling S, Rosser R: Comparison of the serum protein binding of maprotiline and phenytoin in uraemic patients on haemodialysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1981 Jan;19(1):73-7. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on February 08, 2013 16:19