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Identification
Name Doxorubicin
Accession Number DB00997 (APRD00185)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of daunorubicin. [PubChem]
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
Doxorubicin HCl
Doxorubicin Hydrochloride
Doxorubicina [INN-Spanish]
Doxorubicine [INN-French]
Doxorubicinum [INN-Latin]
Salts Not Available
Brand names
Name Company
ADM
Adriablastin
Adriamycin
Adriamycin PFS
Adriamycin RDF
Adriamycin Semiquinone
Adriblastin
Adriblastina
Caelyx
DM2
Doxil
Doxo
Myocet
RDF Rubex
Resmycin
Rubex
First Prev Next Last
Brand mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Antibiotics
  • Antibiotics, Antineoplastic
CAS number 23214-92-8
Weight Average: 543.5193
Monoisotopic: 543.174060775
Chemical Formula C27H29NO11
InChI Key InChIKey=AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C27H29NO11/c1-10-22(31)13(28)6-17(38-10)39-15-8-27(36,16(30)9-29)7-12-19(15)26(35)21-20(24(12)33)23(32)11-4-3-5-14(37-2)18(11)25(21)34/h3-5,10,13,15,17,22,29,31,33,35-36H,6-9,28H2,1-2H3/t10-,13-,15-,17-,22+,27-/m0/s1
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
(8S,10S)-10-{[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-6,8,11-trihydroxy-8-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-1-methoxy-5,7,8,9,10,12-hexahydrotetracene-5,12-dione
SMILES
COC1=CC=CC2=C1C(=O)C1=C(O)C3=C(C[C@](O)(C[C@@H]3O[C@H]3C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O3)C(=O)CO)C(O)=C1C2=O
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Anthracyclines
Substructures
  • Anthracyclines
  • Hydroxy Compounds
  • Pyrans
  • Benzyl Alcohols and Derivatives
  • Naphthalenes
  • Acetals and Derivatives
  • Phenols and Derivatives
  • Benzoquinones
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Ethers
  • Benzene and Derivatives
  • Naphthoquinones
  • Anthraquinones
  • Anthracenes
  • Hydroquinones
  • Alcohols and Polyols
  • Amino Alcohols
  • Heterocyclic compounds
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Anisoles
  • Benzoyl Derivatives
  • Cyclohexenes and Derivatives
  • Phenyl Esters
  • Ketones
Pharmacology
Indication For the treatment of Koposi's sarcome connected to AIDS.
Pharmacodynamics Doxorubicin is an antineoplastic in the anthracycline class. General properties of drugs in this class include: interaction with DNA in a variety of different ways including intercalation (squeezing between the base pairs), DNA strand breakage and inhibition with the enzyme topoisomerase II. Most of these compounds have been isolated from natural sources and antibiotics. However, they lack the specificity of the antimicrobial antibiotics and thus produce significant toxicity. The anthracyclines are among the most important antitumor drugs available. Doxorubicin is widely used for the treatment of several solid tumors while daunorubicin and idarubicin are used exclusively for the treatment of leukemia. Doxorubicin may also inhibit polymerase activity, affect regulation of gene expression, and produce free radical damage to DNA. Doxorubicin possesses an antitumor effect against a wide spectrum of tumors, either grafted or spontaneous. The anthracyclines are cell cycle-nonspecific.
Mechanism of action Doxorubicin has antimitotic and cytotoxic activity through a number of proposed mechanisms of action: Doxorubicin forms complexes with DNA by intercalation between base pairs, and it inhibits topoisomerase II activity by stabilizing the DNA-topoisomerase II complex, preventing the religation portion of the ligation-religation reaction that topoisomerase II catalyzes.
Absorption Not Available
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding 70%
Metabolism Not Available
Route of elimination Plasma clearance is in the range 324 to 809 mL/min/m2 and is predominately by metabolism and biliary excretion.
Half life 55 hours
Clearance
  • 324-809 mL/min/m2
  • 1088 mL/min/m2 [Men]
  • 433 mL/min/m2 [Women]
  • 1540 mL/min/m2 [children greater than 2 years of age receiving administration of 10 to 75 mg/m2 doses]
  • 813 mL/min/m2 [infants younger than 2 years of age receiving administration of 10 to 75 mg/m2 doses]
Toxicity LD50=21800 ug/kg (rat, subcutaneous)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Ortho biotech products lp
  • Pharmacia and upjohn co
  • App pharmaceuticals llc
  • Bedford laboratories div ben venue laboratories inc
  • Pharmachemie bv
  • Teva parenteral medicines inc
  • Bristol myers squibb co
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Powder, for solution Intravenous
Solution Intravenous
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Doxorubicin 50 mg vial 132.0 USD vial
Doxil 2 mg/ml vial 115.78 USD ml
Adriamycin 50 mg vial 64.8 USD vial
Doxorubicin 10 mg vial 44.4 USD vial
Adriamycin 20 mg vial 26.4 USD vial
Adriamycin 10 mg vial 13.2 USD vial
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Country Patent Number Approved Expires (estimated)
United States 5013556 1992-10-20 2009-10-20
Canada 1338702 1998-11-12 2013-11-12
Canada 1335565 1995-05-16 2012-05-16
Properties
State solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point 229-231 °C PhysProp
water solubility Soluble Not Available
logP 1.27 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Caco2 permeability -6.8 ADME Research, USCD
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 1.18e+00 g/l ALOGPS
logP 1.41 ALOGPS
logP 0.92 ChemAxon
logS -2.7 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic) 9.53 ChemAxon
pKa (strongest basic) 8.94 ChemAxon
physiological charge 1 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 12 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 6 ChemAxon
polar surface area 206.07 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 5 ChemAxon
refractivity 134.59 ChemAxon
polarizability 53.87 ChemAxon
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Weiss RB: The anthracyclines: will we ever find a better doxorubicin? Semin Oncol. 1992 Dec;19(6):670-86. Pubmed
  2. Tan C, Tasaka H, Yu KP, Murphy ML, Karnofsky DA: Daunomycin, an antitumor antibiotic, in the treatment of neoplastic disease. Clinical evaluation with special reference to childhood leukemia. Cancer. 1967 Mar;20(3):333-53. Pubmed
  3. Arcamone F, Cassinelli G, Fantini G, Grein A, Orezzi P, Pol C, Spalla C: Adriamycin, 14-hydroxydaunomycin, a new antitumor antibiotic from S. peucetius var. caesius. Biotechnol Bioeng. 1969 Nov;11(6):1101-10. Pubmed
  4. Di Marco A, Gaetani M, Scarpinato B: Adriamycin (NSC-123,127): a new antibiotic with antitumor activity. Cancer Chemother Rep. 1969 Feb;53(1):33-7. Pubmed
  5. Lomovskaya N, Otten SL, Doi-Katayama Y, Fonstein L, Liu XC, Takatsu T, Inventi-Solari A, Filippini S, Torti F, Colombo AL, Hutchinson CR: Doxorubicin overproduction in Streptomyces peucetius: cloning and characterization of the dnrU ketoreductase and dnrV genes and the doxA cytochrome P-450 hydroxylase gene. J Bacteriol. 1999 Jan;181(1):305-18. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Drug D03899 Link_out
KEGG Compound C01661 Link_out
PubChem Compound 31703 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46507641 Link_out
ChemSpider 29400 Link_out
BindingDB 22984 Link_out
ChEBI 28748 Link_out
ChEMBL 28748 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DNC000163 Link_out
PharmGKB PA449412 Link_out
Drug Product Database 2194465 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/doxor.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/cdi/doxorubicin.html Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxorubicin Link_out
ATC Codes
  • L01DB01
AHFS Codes
  • 10:00.00
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label show (105 KB)
MSDS show (74.1 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Dabigatran etexilate P-Glycoprotein inducers such as doxorubicin may decrease the serum concentration of dabigatran etexilate. This combination should be avoided.
Digoxin The antineoplasic agent decreases the effect of digoxin
Telithromycin Telithromycin may reduce clearance of Doxorubicin. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Doxorubicin if Telithromycin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Terbinafine Terbinafine may reduce the metabolism and clearance of Doxorubicin. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for therapeutic/adverse effects of Doxorubicin if Terbinafine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Trastuzumab Trastuzumab may increase the cardiotoxicity of Doxorubicin. Signs and symptoms of cardiac dysfunction should be monitored for frequently. Increased risk of heart failure. Trastuzumab may increase the risk of neutropenia and anemia. Monitor closely for signs and symptoms of adverse events.
Voriconazole Voriconazole, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, may increase the serum concentration of doxorubicin by decreasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of doxorubicin if voriconazole is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Zidovudine Additive myelosuppression may occur. Doxorubicin may decrease the efficacy of zidovudine. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
Food Interactions
  • Liberal fluid intake to increase urine output and help the excretion of uric acid.
Targets

1. DNA

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: intercalation

DNA is the molecule of heredity, as it is responsible for the genetic propagation of most inherited traits. It is a polynucleic acid that carries genetic information on cell growth, division, and function. DNA consists of two long strands of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and held together by hydrogen bonds. The sequence of nucleotides determines hereditary characteristics. Each strand serves as the template for subsequent DNA replication and as a template for mRNA production, leading to protein synthesis via ribosomes.

Gene Sequence: FASTA

References:
  1. Fornari FA, Randolph JK, Yalowich JC, Ritke MK, Gewirtz DA: Interference by doxorubicin with DNA unwinding in MCF-7 breast tumor cells. Mol Pharmacol. 1994 Apr;45(4):649-56. Pubmed
  2. Momparler RL, Karon M, Siegel SE, Avila F: Effect of adriamycin on DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in cell-free systems and intact cells. Cancer Res. 1976 Aug;36(8):2891-5. Pubmed
  3. Frederick CA, Williams LD, Ughetto G, van der Marel GA, van Boom JH, Rich A, Wang AH: Structural comparison of anticancer drug-DNA complexes: adriamycin and daunomycin. Biochemistry. 1990 Mar 13;29(10):2538-49. Pubmed

2. DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

Control of topological states of DNA by transient breakage and subsequent rejoining of DNA strands. Topoisomerase II makes double-strand breaks

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P11388 Link_out
Gene: TOP2A Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed
  2. Rody A, Karn T, Gatje R, Ahr A, Solbach C, Kourtis K, Munnes M, Loibl S, Kissler S, Ruckhaberle E, Holtrich U, von Minckwitz G, Kaufmann M: Gene expression profiling of breast cancer patients treated with docetaxel, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide within the GEPARTRIO trial: HER-2, but not topoisomerase II alpha and microtubule-associated protein tau, is highly predictive of tumor response. Breast. 2007 Feb;16(1):86-93. Epub 2006 Sep 28. Pubmed
  3. Koehn H, Magan N, Isaacs RJ, Stowell KM: Differential regulation of DNA repair protein Rad51 in human tumour cell lines exposed to doxorubicin. Anticancer Drugs. 2007 Apr;18(4):419-25. Pubmed
  4. Hayashi S, Hatashita M, Matsumoto H, Shioura H, Kitai R, Kano E: Enhancement of radiosensitivity by topoisomerase II inhibitor, amrubicin and amrubicinol, in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and kinetics of apoptosis and necrosis induction. Int J Mol Med. 2006 Nov;18(5):909-15. Pubmed
  5. Azarova AM, Lyu YL, Lin CP, Tsai YC, Lau JY, Wang JC, Liu LF: From the Cover: Roles of DNA topoisomerase II isozymes in chemotherapy and secondary malignancies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jun 26;104(26):11014-9. Epub 2007 Jun 19. Pubmed
  6. Menendez JA, Vellon L, Lupu R: DNA topoisomerase IIalpha (TOP2A) inhibitors up-regulate fatty acid synthase gene expression in SK-Br3 breast cancer cells: in vitro evidence for a ‘functional amplicon’ involving FAS, Her-2/neu and TOP2A genes. Int J Mol Med. 2006 Dec;18(6):1081-7. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4- hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide

UniProt ID: P08684 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A4
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
  2. Lu H, Chen CS, Waxman DJ: Potentiation of methoxymorpholinyl doxorubicin antitumor activity by P450 3A4 gene transfer. Cancer Gene Ther. 2009 May;16(5):393-404. Epub 2008 Nov 14. Pubmed

2. Cytochrome P450 2D6

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants

UniProt ID: P10635 Link_out
Gene: CYP2D6 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Flockhart DA. Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table. Indiana University School of Medicine (2007). Accessed May 28, 2010.
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

3. Cytochrome P450 2B6

Actions: inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P20813 Link_out
Gene: CYP2B6 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Masek V, Anzenbacherova E, Etrych T, Strohalm J, Ulbrich K, Anzenbacher P: Interaction of HPMA copolymer-doxorubicin conjugates with human liver microsomal cytochromes P450. Comparison with free doxorubicin. Drug Metab Dispos. 2011 Jun 3. Pubmed

4. Cytochrome P450 1B1

Actions: inhibitor

Participates in the metabolism of an as-yet-unknown biologically active molecule that is a participant in eye development

UniProt ID: Q16678 Link_out
Gene: CYP1B1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
Transporters

1. Multidrug resistance protein 1

Actions: substrate, inhibitor, inducer

Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells

UniProt ID: P08183 Link_out
Gene: ABCB1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Fardel O, Lecureur V, Daval S, Corlu A, Guillouzo A: Up-regulation of P-glycoprotein expression in rat liver cells by acute doxorubicin treatment. Eur J Biochem. 1997 May 15;246(1):186-92. Pubmed
  2. Gao J, Murase O, Schowen RL, Aube J, Borchardt RT: A functional assay for quantitation of the apparent affinities of ligands of P-glycoprotein in Caco-2 cells. Pharm Res. 2001 Feb;18(2):171-6. Pubmed
  3. Takara K, Tanigawara Y, Komada F, Nishiguchi K, Sakaeda T, Okumura K: Cellular pharmacokinetic aspects of reversal effect of itraconazole on P-glycoprotein-mediated resistance of anticancer drugs. Biol Pharm Bull. 1999 Dec;22(12):1355-9. Pubmed
  4. Jutabha P, Wempe MF, Anzai N, Otomo J, Kadota T, Endou H: Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing human P-glycoprotein: probing trans- and cis-inhibitory effects on [3H]vinblastine and [3H]digoxin efflux. Pharmacol Res. 2010 Jan;61(1):76-84. Epub 2009 Jul 21. Pubmed
  5. Li D, Jang SH, Kim J, Wientjes MG, Au JL: Enhanced drug-induced apoptosis associated with P-glycoprotein overexpression is specific to antimicrotubule agents. Pharm Res. 2003 Jan;20(1):45-50. Pubmed
  6. Troutman MD, Thakker DR: Novel experimental parameters to quantify the modulation of absorptive and secretory transport of compounds by P-glycoprotein in cell culture models of intestinal epithelium. Pharm Res. 2003 Aug;20(8):1210-24. Pubmed
  7. Kim S, Kim SS, Bang YJ, Kim SJ, Lee BJ: In vitro activities of native and designed peptide antibiotics against drug sensitive and resistant tumor cell lines. Peptides. 2003 Jul;24(7):945-53. Pubmed
  8. Ambudkar SV, Lelong IH, Zhang J, Cardarelli CO, Gottesman MM, Pastan I: Partial purification and reconstitution of the human multidrug-resistance pump: characterization of the drug-stimulatable ATP hydrolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Sep 15;89(18):8472-6. Pubmed
  9. Kusunoki N, Takara K, Tanigawara Y, Yamauchi A, Ueda K, Komada F, Ku Y, Kuroda Y, Saitoh Y, Okumura K: Inhibitory effects of a cyclosporin derivative, SDZ PSC 833, on transport of doxorubicin and vinblastine via human P-glycoprotein. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1998 Nov;89(11):1220-8. Pubmed
  10. Li YC, Fung KP, Kwok TT, Lee CY, Suen YK, Kong SK: Mitochondria-targeting drug oligomycin blocked P-glycoprotein activity and triggered apoptosis in doxorubicin-resistant HepG2 cells. Chemotherapy. 2004 Jun;50(2):55-62. Pubmed
  11. Sieczkowski E, Lehner C, Ambros PF, Hohenegger M: Double impact on p-glycoprotein by statins enhances doxorubicin cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma cells. Int J Cancer. 2010 May 1;126(9):2025-35. Pubmed
  12. Bray J, Sludden J, Griffin MJ, Cole M, Verrill M, Jamieson D, Boddy AV: Influence of pharmacogenetics on response and toxicity in breast cancer patients treated with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. Br J Cancer. 2010 Mar 16;102(6):1003-9. Epub 2010 Feb 23. Pubmed
  13. Tao LY, Liang YJ, Wang F, Chen LM, Yan YY, Dai CL, Fu LW: Cediranib (recentin, AZD2171) reverses ABCB1- and ABCC1-mediated multidrug resistance by inhibition of their transport function. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 Oct;64(5):961-9. Epub 2009 Mar 3. Pubmed
  14. Woodahl EL, Crouthamel MH, Bui T, Shen DD, Ho RJ: MDR1 (ABCB1) G1199A (Ser400Asn) polymorphism alters transepithelial permeability and sensitivity to anticancer agents. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 Jun;64(1):183-8. Epub 2009 Jan 4. Pubmed

2. Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2

Actions: inhibitor

May act as an inducible transporter in the biliary and intestinal excretion of organic anions

UniProt ID: O15438 Link_out
Gene: ABCC3 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zeng H, Chen ZS, Belinsky MG, Rea PA, Kruh GD: Transport of methotrexate (MTX) and folates by multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 3 and MRP1: effect of polyglutamylation on MTX transport. Cancer Res. 2001 Oct 1;61(19):7225-32. Pubmed

3. Multidrug resistance-associated protein 6

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

May participate directly in the active transport of drugs into subcellular organelles or influence drug distribution indirectly. Transports glutathione conjugates as leukotriene-c4 (LTC4) and N-ethylmaleimide S-glutathione (NEM-GS)

UniProt ID: O95255 Link_out
Gene: ABCC6 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Cai J, Daoud R, Alqawi O, Georges E, Pelletier J, Gros P: Nucleotide binding and nucleotide hydrolysis properties of the ABC transporter MRP6 (ABCC6). Biochemistry. 2002 Jun 25;41(25):8058-67. Pubmed
  2. Belinsky MG, Chen ZS, Shchaveleva I, Zeng H, Kruh GD: Characterization of the drug resistance and transport properties of multidrug resistance protein 6 (MRP6, ABCC6). Cancer Res. 2002 Nov 1;62(21):6172-7. Pubmed

4. Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

May participate directly in the active transport of drugs into subcellular organelles or influence drug distribution indirectly. Confers resistance to anticancer drugs. Transports LTC4. May protect milk against xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P33527 Link_out
Gene: ABCC1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Loe DW, Almquist KC, Cole SP, Deeley RG: ATP-dependent 17 beta-estradiol 17-(beta-D-glucuronide) transport by multidrug resistance protein (MRP). Inhibition by cholestatic steroids. J Biol Chem. 1996 Apr 19;271(16):9683-9. Pubmed
  2. Godinot N, Iversen PW, Tabas L, Xia X, Williams DC, Dantzig AH, Perry WL 3rd: Cloning and functional characterization of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1/ABCC1) from the cynomolgus monkey. Mol Cancer Ther. 2003 Mar;2(3):307-16. Pubmed
  3. Tribull TE, Bruner RH, Bain LJ: The multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 transports methoxychlor and protects the seminiferous epithelium from injury. Toxicol Lett. 2003 Apr 30;142(1-2):61-70. Pubmed
  4. Nunoya K, Grant CE, Zhang D, Cole SP, Deeley RG: Molecular cloning and pharmacological characterization of rat multidrug resistance protein 1 (mrp1). Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Aug;31(8):1016-26. Pubmed
  5. Stride BD, Grant CE, Loe DW, Hipfner DR, Cole SP, Deeley RG: Pharmacological characterization of the murine and human orthologs of multidrug-resistance protein in transfected human embryonic kidney cells. Mol Pharmacol. 1997 Sep;52(3):344-53. Pubmed
  6. Wong IL, Chan KF, Tsang KH, Lam CY, Zhao Y, Chan TH, Chow LM: Modulation of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1)-mediated multidrug resistance by bivalent apigenin homodimers and their derivatives. J Med Chem. 2009 Sep 10;52(17):5311-22. Pubmed
  7. Tao LY, Liang YJ, Wang F, Chen LM, Yan YY, Dai CL, Fu LW: Cediranib (recentin, AZD2171) reverses ABCB1- and ABCC1-mediated multidrug resistance by inhibition of their transport function. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 Oct;64(5):961-9. Epub 2009 Mar 3. Pubmed
  8. Zheng LS, Wang F, Li YH, Zhang X, Chen LM, Liang YJ, Dai CL, Yan YY, Tao LY, Mi YJ, Yang AK, To KK, Fu LW: Vandetanib (Zactima, ZD6474) antagonizes ABCC1- and ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance by inhibition of their transport function. PLoS One. 2009;4(4):e5172. Epub 2009 Apr 23. Pubmed

5. Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7

Actions: inhibitor

ATP-dependent transporter probably involved in cellular detoxification through lipophilic anion extrusion

UniProt ID: Q5T3U5 Link_out
Gene: ABCC10 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Chen ZS, Hopper-Borge E, Belinsky MG, Shchaveleva I, Kotova E, Kruh GD: Characterization of the transport properties of human multidrug resistance protein 7 (MRP7, ABCC10). Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Feb;63(2):351-8. Pubmed

6. ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Xenobiotic transporter that may play an important role in the exclusion of xenobiotics from the brain. May be involved in brain-to-blood efflux. Appears to play a major role in the multidrug resistance phenotype of several cancer cell lines. When overexpressed, the transfected cells become resistant to mitoxantrone, daunorubicin and doxorubicin, display diminished intracellular accumulation of daunorubicin, and manifest an ATP- dependent increase in the efflux of rhodamine 123

UniProt ID: Q9UNQ0 Link_out
Gene: ABCG2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Suzuki M, Suzuki H, Sugimoto Y, Sugiyama Y: ABCG2 transports sulfated conjugates of steroids and xenobiotics. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 20;278(25):22644-9. Epub 2003 Apr 7. Pubmed
  2. Wang X, Furukawa T, Nitanda T, Okamoto M, Sugimoto Y, Akiyama S, Baba M: Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) induces cellular resistance to HIV-1 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Jan;63(1):65-72. Pubmed
  3. Ozvegy C, Litman T, Szakacs G, Nagy Z, Bates S, Varadi A, Sarkadi B: Functional characterization of the human multidrug transporter, ABCG2, expressed in insect cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Jul 6;285(1):111-7. Pubmed
  4. Allen JD, Van Dort SC, Buitelaar M, van Tellingen O, Schinkel AH: Mouse breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp1/Abcg2) mediates etoposide resistance and transport, but etoposide oral availability is limited primarily by P-glycoprotein. Cancer Res. 2003 Mar 15;63(6):1339-44. Pubmed
  5. An Y, Ongkeko WM: ABCG2: the key to chemoresistance in cancer stem cells? Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2009 Dec;5(12):1529-42. Pubmed
  6. Tiwari AK, Sodani K, Wang SR, Kuang YH, Ashby CR Jr, Chen X, Chen ZS: Nilotinib (AMN107, Tasigna) reverses multidrug resistance by inhibiting the activity of the ABCB1/Pgp and ABCG2/BCRP/MXR transporters. Biochem Pharmacol. 2009 Jul 15;78(2):153-61. Epub 2009 Apr 11. Pubmed
  7. Dai CL, Liang YJ, Wang YS, Tiwari AK, Yan YY, Wang F, Chen ZS, Tong XZ, Fu LW: Sensitization of ABCG2-overexpressing cells to conventional chemotherapeutic agent by sunitinib was associated with inhibiting the function of ABCG2. Cancer Lett. 2009 Jun 28;279(1):74-83. Epub 2009 Feb 18. Pubmed
  8. Zheng LS, Wang F, Li YH, Zhang X, Chen LM, Liang YJ, Dai CL, Yan YY, Tao LY, Mi YJ, Yang AK, To KK, Fu LW: Vandetanib (Zactima, ZD6474) antagonizes ABCC1- and ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance by inhibition of their transport function. PLoS One. 2009;4(4):e5172. Epub 2009 Apr 23. Pubmed

7. Bile salt export pump

Actions: substrate

Involved in the ATP-dependent secretion of bile salts into the canaliculus of hepatocytes

UniProt ID: O95342 Link_out
Gene: ABCB11 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Wang EJ, Casciano CN, Clement RP, Johnson WW: Fluorescent substrates of sister-P-glycoprotein (BSEP) evaluated as markers of active transport and inhibition: evidence for contingent unequal binding sites. Pharm Res. 2003 Apr;20(4):537-44. Pubmed

8. Solute carrier family 22 member 16

Actions: substrate

High affinity carnitine transporter; the uptake is partially sodium-ion dependent. Thought to mediate the L-carnitine secretion mechanism from testis epididymal epithelium into the lumen which is involved in the maturation of spermatozoa. Also transports organic cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) and doxorubicin. The uptake of TEA is inhibited by various organic cations. The uptake of doxorubicin is sodium-independent

UniProt ID: Q86VW1 Link_out
Gene: SLC22A16 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Bray J, Sludden J, Griffin MJ, Cole M, Verrill M, Jamieson D, Boddy AV: Influence of pharmacogenetics on response and toxicity in breast cancer patients treated with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. Br J Cancer. 2010 Mar 16;102(6):1003-9. Epub 2010 Feb 23. Pubmed

9. ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 8, mitochondrial

Actions: substrate
UniProt ID: Q9NUT2 Link_out
Gene: ABCB8 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Elliott AM, Al-Hajj MA: ABCB8 mediates doxorubicin resistance in melanoma cells by protecting the mitochondrial genome. Mol Cancer Res. 2009 Jan;7(1):79-87. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on February 08, 2013 16:19