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Identification
Name Bupropion
Accession Number DB01156 (APRD00621)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

A unicyclic, aminoketone antidepressant. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not well understood, but it does appear to block dopamine uptake. The hydrochloride is available as an aid to smoking cessation treatment. [PubChem]
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
  • Amfebutamone
  • Bupropion Hcl
Brand names
  • Wellbatrin
  • Wellbutrin
  • Wellbutrin SR
  • Wellbutrin XL
  • Zyban
Brand name mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors
  • Antidepressive Agents
  • Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation
CAS number 34841-39-9
Weight Average: 239.741
Monoisotopic: 239.107691910
Chemical Formula C13H18ClNO
InChI Key InChIKey=SNPPWIUOZRMYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C13H18ClNO/c1-9(15-13(2,3)4)12(16)10-6-5-7-11(14)8-10/h5-9,15H,1-4H3
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
2-(tert-butylamino)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)propan-1-one
SMILES
CC(NC(C)(C)C)C(=O)C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Phenethylamines
  • Acetophenones and Derivatives
  • Amphetamines
Substructures
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Amino Ketones
  • Benzene and Derivatives
  • Aryl Halides
  • Halobenzenes
  • Phenethylamines
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Benzoyl Derivatives
  • Acetophenones and Derivatives
  • Amphetamines
  • Ketones
Pharmacology
Indication For the treatment of depression and as aid to smoking cessation.
Pharmacodynamics Bupropion, an antidepressant of the aminoketone class and a non-nicotine aid to smoking cessation, is chemically unrelated to tricyclic, tetracyclic, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, or other known antidepressant agents. Compared to classical tricyclic antidepressants, Bupropion is a relatively weak inhibitor of the neuronal uptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine. In addition, Bupropion does not inhibit monoamine oxidase. Bupropion produces dose-related central nervous system (CNS) stimulant effects in animals, as evidenced by increased locomotor activity, increased rates of responding in various schedule-controlled operant behavior tasks, and, at high doses, induction of mild stereotyped behavior.
Mechanism of action Bupropion selectively inhibits the neuronal reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin; actions on dopaminergic systems are more significant than imipramine or amitriptyline whereas the blockade of norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake at the neuronal membrane is weaker for bupropion than for tricyclic antidepressants. The increase in norepinephrine may attenuate nicotine withdrawal symptoms and the increase in dopamine at neuronal sites may reduce nicotine cravings and the urge to smoke. Bupropion exhibits moderate anticholinergic effects.
Absorption For sustained release, peak plasma concentrations are achieved within 3 hours.
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding 84 %
Metabolism

Reduction of the carbonyl groupand/or hydroxylation of the tert-butyl group of bupropion.

Enzyme Metabolite Reaction Km Vmax
Cytochrome P450 2B6 Hydroxybupropion hydroxylation 107 0
Route of elimination Bupropion is extensively metabolized in humans. Oxidation of the bupropion side chain results in the formation of a glycine conjugate of metachlorobenzoic acid, which is then excreted as the major urinary metabolite. Following oral administration of 200 mg of 14C-bupropion in humans, 87% and 10% of the radioactive dose were recovered in the urine and feces, respectively. However, the fraction of the oral dose of bupropion excreted unchanged was only 0.5%, a finding consistent with the extensive metabolism of bupropion.
Half life 24 hours
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Symptoms of overdose include seizures, hallucinations, loss of consciousness, tachycardia, and cardiac arrest.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Biovail laboratories international srl
  • Actavis southatlantic llc
  • Anchen pharmaceuticals inc
  • Impax laboratories inc
  • Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
  • Sandoz inc
  • Sun pharma global fze
  • Watson laboratories inc
  • Glaxosmithkline
  • Apotex inc etobicoke site
  • Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
  • Biovail Corporation
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Tablet, extended release Oral
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Aplenzin er 522 mg tablet 16.74 USD tablet
Bupropion hydrochloride powder 10.2 USD g
Wellbutrin XL 300 mg 24 Hour tablet 9.03 USD tablet
Wellbutrin xl 300 mg tablet 8.68 USD tablet
Wellbutrin SR 200 mg 12 Hour tablet 7.57 USD tablet
Aplenzin er 348 mg tablet 7.36 USD tablet
Wellbutrin sr 200 mg tablet 7.27 USD tablet
Wellbutrin XL 150 mg 24 Hour tablet 6.84 USD tablet
Wellbutrin xl 150 mg tablet 6.58 USD tablet
Aplenzin er 174 mg tablet 5.58 USD tablet
BuPROPion HCl 300 mg 24 Hour tablet 4.96 USD tablet
Wellbutrin SR 150 mg 12 Hour tablet 4.07 USD tablet
BuPROPion HCl 200 mg 12 Hour tablet 3.99 USD tablet
Wellbutrin sr 150 mg tablet 3.92 USD tablet
Zyban 150 mg 12 Hour tablet 3.88 USD tablet
Wellbutrin SR 100 mg 12 Hour tablet 3.8 USD tablet
Zyban sr 150 mg tablet 3.73 USD tablet
Wellbutrin sr 100 mg tablet 3.66 USD tablet
Wellbutrin 100 mg tablet 3.62 USD tablet
BuPROPion HCl 150 mg 12 Hour tablet 3.02 USD tablet
Wellbutrin 75 mg tablet 2.71 USD tablet
BuPROPion HCl (Smoking Deter) 150 mg 12 Hour tablet 2.01 USD tablet
Wellbutrin Xl 300 mg Extended-Release Tablet 1.12 USD tablet
Bupropion hcl 100 mg tablet 0.98 USD tablet
Wellbutrin Sr 150 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 0.96 USD tablet
Bupropion hcl 75 mg tablet 0.74 USD tablet
Wellbutrin Xl 150 mg Extended-Release Tablet 0.56 USD tablet
Pms-Bupropion Sr 150 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 0.53 USD tablet
Ratio-Bupropion Sr 150 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 0.53 USD tablet
Sandoz Bupropion Sr 150 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 0.53 USD tablet
Sandoz Bupropion Sr 100 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 0.35 USD tablet
Ratio-Bupropion Sr 100 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 0.35 USD tablet
Patents
Country Patent Number Approved Expires
United States 7241805 2006-06-27 2026-06-27
United States 5358970 1993-08-12 2013-08-12
Canada 2524300 2008-10-28 2023-08-08
Canada 2168364 2001-09-18 2014-07-29
Properties
State solid
Melting point 233-234oC
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 312 mg/ml PhysProp
logP 3.6 PhysProp
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 6.93e-02 g/l ALOGPS
logP 3.28 ALOGPS
logP 3.27 ChemAxon Molconvert
logS -3.54 ALOGPS
pKa ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen acceptor count 2 ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen donor count 1 ChemAxon Molconvert
polar surface area 29.10 ChemAxon Molconvert
rotatable bond count 4 ChemAxon Molconvert
refractivity 67.70 ChemAxon Molconvert
polarizability 25.93 ChemAxon Molconvert
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Fryer JD, Lukas RJ: Noncompetitive functional inhibition at diverse, human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes by bupropion, phencyclidine, and ibogaine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Jan;288(1):88-92. Pubmed
  2. Fava M, Rush AJ, Thase ME, Clayton A, Stahl SM, Pradko JF, Johnston JA: 15 years of clinical experience with bupropion HCl: from bupropion to bupropion SR to bupropion XL. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;7(3):106-13. Pubmed
  3. Thase ME, Haight BR, Richard N, Rockett CB, Mitton M, Modell JG, VanMeter S, Harriett AE, Wang Y: Remission rates following antidepressant therapy with bupropion or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a meta-analysis of original data from 7 randomized controlled trials. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005 Aug;66(8):974-81. Pubmed
  4. : Annual report on the results of treatment in gynecological cancer. Twenty-first volume. Statements of results obtained in patients treated in 1982 to 1986, inclusive 3 and 5-year survival up to 1990. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1991 Sep;36 Suppl:1-315. Pubmed
  5. Thase ME, Clayton AH, Haight BR, Thompson AH, Modell JG, Johnston JA: A double-blind comparison between bupropion XL and venlafaxine XR: sexual functioning, antidepressant efficacy, and tolerability. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006 Oct;26(5):482-8. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Drug D07591 Link_out
KEGG Compound C06860 Link_out
PubChem Compound 444 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46506896 Link_out
ChemSpider 431 Link_out
ChEBI 3219 Link_out
ChEMBL 3219 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP000052 Link_out
PharmGKB PA448687 Link_out
Drug Product Database 2260239 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/wellbutrin.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/bupropion.html Link_out
PDRhealth http://www.pdrhealth.com/drugs/rx/rx-mono.aspx?contentFileName=Wel1488.html&contentName=Wellbutrin&contentId=637 Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bupropion Link_out
ATC Codes
  • N07BA02
AHFS Codes
  • 28:16.04.92
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label show (88.6 KB)
MSDS Not Available
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol.
  • Avoid St.John's Wort.
  • Take without regard to meals.
Targets

1. Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

Amine transporter. Terminates the action of dopamine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q01959 Link_out
Gene: SLC6A3 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Miller DK, Sumithran SP, Dwoskin LP: Bupropion inhibits nicotine-evoked [(3)H]overflow from rat striatal slices preloaded with [(3)H]dopamine and from rat hippocampal slices preloaded with [(3)H]norepinephrine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Sep;302(3):1113-22. Pubmed
  2. Meyer JH, Goulding VS, Wilson AA, Hussey D, Christensen BK, Houle S: Bupropion occupancy of the dopamine transporter is low during clinical treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2002 Aug;163(1):102-5. Epub 2002 Jul 13. Pubmed
  3. Kugaya A, Seneca NM, Snyder PJ, Williams SA, Malison RT, Baldwin RM, Seibyl JP, Innis RB: Changes in human in vivo serotonin and dopamine transporter availabilities during chronic antidepressant administration. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Feb;28(2):413-20. Epub 2002 Jul 19. Pubmed
  4. Learned-Coughlin SM, Bergstrom M, Savitcheva I, Ascher J, Schmith VD, Langstrom B: In vivo activity of bupropion at the human dopamine transporter as measured by positron emission tomography. Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Oct 15;54(8):800-5. Pubmed
  5. Szabo Z, Argyelan M, Kanyo B, Pavics L, Janka Z: [Change of dopamine transporter activity (DAT) during the action of bupropion (in depression)] Neuropsychopharmacol Hung. 2004 Jun;6(2):79-81. Pubmed
  6. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed
  7. Tatsumi M, Groshan K, Blakely RD, Richelson E: Pharmacological profile of antidepressants and related compounds at human monoamine transporters. Eur J Pharmacol. 1997 Dec 11;340(2-3):249-58. Pubmed
  8. Stahl SM, Pradko JF, Haight BR, Modell JG, Rockett CB, Learned-Coughlin S: A Review of the Neuropharmacology of Bupropion, a Dual Norepinephrine and Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;6(4):159-166. Pubmed

2. Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

Amine transporter. Terminates the action of noradrenaline by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P23975 Link_out
Gene: SLC6A2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Bondarev ML, Bondareva TS, Young R, Glennon RA: Behavioral and biochemical investigations of bupropion metabolites. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003 Aug 1;474(1):85-93. Pubmed
  2. Mitchell HA, Ahern TH, Liles LC, Javors MA, Weinshenker D: The effects of norepinephrine transporter inactivation on locomotor activity in mice. Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Nov 15;60(10):1046-52. Epub 2006 Aug 7. Pubmed
  3. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed
  4. Stahl SM, Pradko JF, Haight BR, Modell JG, Rockett CB, Learned-Coughlin S: A Review of the Neuropharmacology of Bupropion, a Dual Norepinephrine and Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;6(4):159-166. Pubmed

3. Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: antagonist

After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P32297 Link_out
Gene: CHRNA3 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Fryer JD, Lukas RJ: Noncompetitive functional inhibition at diverse, human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes by bupropion, phencyclidine, and ibogaine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Jan;288(1):88-92. Pubmed
  2. Slemmer JE, Martin BR, Damaj MI: Bupropion is a nicotinic antagonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Oct;295(1):321-7. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Cytochrome P450 2B6

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P20813 Link_out
Gene: CYP2B6 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Flockhart DA. Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table. Indiana University School of Medicine (2007). Accessed May 28, 2010.
  2. Walsky RL, Astuccio AV, Obach RS: Evaluation of 227 drugs for in vitro inhibition of cytochrome P450 2B6. J Clin Pharmacol. 2006 Dec;46(12):1426-38. Pubmed
  3. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
  4. Lewis DF, Modi S, Dickins M: Structure-activity relationship for human cytochrome P450 substrates and inhibitors. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):69-82. Pubmed
  5. Hesse LM, Venkatakrishnan K, Court MH, von Moltke LL, Duan SX, Shader RI, Greenblatt DJ: CYP2B6 mediates the in vitro hydroxylation of bupropion: potential drug interactions with other antidepressants. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Oct;28(10):1176-83. Pubmed
  6. Jefferson JW, Pradko JF, Muir KT: Bupropion for major depressive disorder: Pharmacokinetic and formulation considerations. Clin Ther. 2005 Nov;27(11):1685-95. Pubmed
  7. Foley KF, DeSanty KP, Kast RE: Bupropion: pharmacology and therapeutic applications. Expert Rev Neurother. 2006 Sep;6(9):1249-65. Pubmed

2. Cytochrome P450 2D6

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants

UniProt ID: P10635 Link_out
Gene: CYP2D6 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Flockhart DA. Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table. Indiana University School of Medicine (2007). Accessed May 28, 2010.
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
  3. Foley KF, DeSanty KP, Kast RE: Bupropion: pharmacology and therapeutic applications. Expert Rev Neurother. 2006 Sep;6(9):1249-65. Pubmed

3. Cytochrome P450 1A2

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen

UniProt ID: P05177 Link_out
Gene: CYP1A2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

4. Cytochrome P450 2A6

Actions: substrate

Exhibits a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. Can act in the hydroxylation of the anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide. Competent in the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1. Constitutes the major nicotine C-oxidase

UniProt ID: P11509 Link_out
Gene: CYP2A6
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

5. Cytochrome P450 2C8

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. In the epoxidation of arachidonic acid it generates only 14,15- and 11,12-cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism the anti- cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol)

UniProt ID: P10632 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C8
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

6. Cytochrome P450 2C9

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S- warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan

UniProt ID: P11712 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C9
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

7. Cytochrome P450 2E1

Actions: substrate

Metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic or carcinogenic forms

UniProt ID: P05181 Link_out
Gene: CYP2E1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

8. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4- hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide

UniProt ID: P08684 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A4
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
Carriers

1. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1

Appears to function in modulating the activity of the immune system during the acute-phase reaction

UniProt ID: P02763 Link_out
Gene: ORM1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Ferry DG, Caplan NB, Cubeddu LX: Interaction between antidepressants and alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonists on the binding to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. J Pharm Sci. 1986 Feb;75(2):146-9. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on October 28, 2011 15:01

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.