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Identification
Name Chloral hydrate
Accession Number DB01563
Type small molecule
Groups illicit, experimental
Description

A hypnotic and sedative used in the treatment of insomnia. The safety margin is too narrow for chloral hydrate to be used as a general anesthetic in humans, but it is commonly used for that purpose in animal experiments. It is no longer considered useful as an anti-anxiety medication. [PubChem]
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms Not Available
Brand names
  • Aquachloral Supprettes (Amerifit Pharma)
  • Somnote (Breckenridge)
Brand name mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives
CAS number 302-17-0
Weight Average: 165.403
Monoisotopic: 163.919862461
Chemical Formula C2H3Cl3O2
InChI Key InChIKey=RNFNDJAIBTYOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C2H3Cl3O2/c3-2(4,5)1(6)7/h1,6-7H
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
2,2,2-trichloroethane-1,1-diol
SMILES
OC(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl
Plain Text
Mass Spec show (8.9 KB)
Taxonomy
Kingdom Not Available
Classes Not Available
Substructures Not Available
Pharmacology
Indication Mainly used as a hyponotic in the treatment of insomnia; however, it is only effective as a hypnotic for short-term use. May be used as a routine sedative preoperatively to decrease anxiety and cause sedation and/or sleep with respiration depression or cough reflex.
Pharmacodynamics Not Available
Mechanism of action Not Available
Absorption Rapidly absorbed in the GI tract following oral or rectal administration. Chloral hydrate and its active metabolite, trichloroethanol, have been detected in CSF, umbilical cord blood, fetal blood, and amniotic fluid.
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Metabolism

Metabolized by the liver and erythrocytes to form trichloroethanol, an active metabolite. This reaction is catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase and other enzymes. Oxidation of chloral hydrate and trichloroethanol to trichloroacetic acid in the liver and kidneys also occurs to a lesser extent. Trichloroethanol also undergoes glucuronidation to produce an inactive metabolism.

Route of elimination Trichloroethanol, trichloroethanol glucuronide, and trichloroacetic acid are excreted in the urine. Some trichloroethanol glucuronide may be secreted into bile and excreted in the feces.
Half life Not Available
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms Not Available
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers Not Available
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Capsule Oral 500 mg
Solution Oral 500 mg/5 ml
Suppository Rectal 325 mg
Suppository Rectal 500 mg
Suppository Rectal 600 mg
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Pms-Chloral Hydrate 100 mg/ml Syrup 0.05 USD ml
Patents Not Available
Properties
State solid
Melting point 57 oC
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 793 mg/mL at 25 oC [YALKOWSKY,SH & HE,Y (2003)] PhysProp
logP 0.99 [HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)] PhysProp
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 4.34e+01 g/l ALOGPS
logP 0.88 ALOGPS
logP 0.69 ChemAxon Molconvert
logS -0.58 ALOGPS
pKa 11.47 ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen acceptor count 2 ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen donor count 2 ChemAxon Molconvert
polar surface area 40.46 ChemAxon Molconvert
rotatable bond count 1 ChemAxon Molconvert
refractivity 29.25 ChemAxon Molconvert
polarizability 11.88 ChemAxon Molconvert
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference Not Available
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Drug D01302 Link_out
KEGG Compound C06899 Link_out
PubChem Compound 2707 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46507155 Link_out
ChemSpider 2606 Link_out
ChEBI 28142 Link_out
ChEMBL 28142 Link_out
PharmGKB PA448925 Link_out
Drug Product Database 792659 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/chloralhyd.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/cdi/chloral-hydrate.html Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloral_hydrate Link_out
ATC Codes Not Available
AHFS Codes
  • 28:24.92
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label Not Available
MSDS Not Available
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available
Comments
Drug created on July 31, 2007 07:10 / Updated on November 10, 2010 13:49

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