Midodrine

Targets (3)Enzymes (1)Transporters (1)Biointeractions (4)

Identification

Logo pink
Are you a
new drug developer?
Contact us to learn more about our customized products and solutions.
Name
Midodrine
Accession Number
DB00211  (APRD01116)
Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Description

An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of hypotension.

Structure
Thumb
3D
Similar Structures
Synonyms
  • (±)-2-amino-N-(β-hydroxy-2,5-dimethoxyphenethyl)acetamide
  • 1-(2',5'-Dimethoxyphenyl)-2-glycinamidoethanol
  • 2-Amino-N-(2,5-dimethoxy-beta-hydroxyphenethyl)acetamide
  • DL-N1-(beta-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethoxyphenethyl)glycinamid
  • Midodrin
  • Midodrina
  • Midodrine
  • Midodrinum
External IDs
ST 1085 / ST-1085
Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Midodrine hydrochloride59JV96YTXV43218-56-0MGCQZNBCJBRZDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Product Images
Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing End
Unlock Additional Data
AmatineTabletOralShire Pharma Canada Ulc1992-12-312010-10-04Canada
AmatineTabletOralShire Pharma Canada Ulc1992-12-312010-09-30Canada
ProAmatineTablet2.5 mg/1OralShire1996-09-062010-12-31Us
ProAmatineTablet5 mg/1OralPhysicians Total Care, Inc.2005-09-30Not applicableUs
ProAmatineTablet10 mg/1OralShire1996-09-062010-12-31Us
ProAmatineTablet5 mg/1OralShire1996-09-062010-12-31Us
Additional Data Available
  • Application Number
    Application Number

    A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.

    Learn more
  • Product Code
    Product Code

    A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.

    Learn more
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing End
Unlock Additional Data
Apo-midodrineTabletOralApotex Corporation2006-06-13Not applicableCanada
Apo-midodrineTabletOralApotex Corporation2006-06-13Not applicableCanada
Mar-midodrineTabletOralMarcan Pharmaceuticals Inc2018-08-03Not applicableCanada
Mar-midodrineTabletOralMarcan Pharmaceuticals Inc2018-08-03Not applicableCanada
Midodrine HClTablet2.5 mg/1OralEon Labs, Inc.2003-09-112021-03-31Us
Midodrine HClTablet5 mg/1OralCardinal Health2004-11-03Not applicableUs00245 0212 11 nlmimage10 cf3be79f
Midodrine HClTablet5 mg/1OralAmerincan Health Packaging2010-05-062019-08-31Us
Midodrine HClTablet10 mg/1OralRebel Distributors2002-07-02Not applicableUs00185 0149 01 nlmimage10 7608bb65
Midodrine HClTablet5 mg/1OralMc Kesson2003-09-11Not applicableUs00185 0043 01 nlmimage10 7208b925
Midodrine HClTablet5 mg/1OralCardinal Health2004-11-032015-11-30Us55154 563220180907 15195 1oiygbn
Additional Data Available
  • Application Number
    Application Number

    A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.

    Learn more
  • Product Code
    Product Code

    A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.

    Learn more
Categories
UNII
6YE7PBM15H
CAS number
42794-76-3
Weight
Average: 254.2823
Monoisotopic: 254.126657074
Chemical Formula
C12H18N2O4
InChI Key
PTKSEFOSCHHMPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C12H18N2O4/c1-17-8-3-4-11(18-2)9(5-8)10(15)7-14-12(16)6-13/h3-5,10,15H,6-7,13H2,1-2H3,(H,14,16)
IUPAC Name
2-amino-N-[2-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]acetamide
SMILES
COC1=CC(C(O)CNC(=O)CN)=C(OC)C=C1

Pharmacology

Indication

For the treatment of symptomatic orthostatic hypotension (OH).

Associated Conditions
Pharmacodynamics

Midodrine is a prodrug, i.e., the therapeutic effect of orally administered midodrine is due to the major metabolite desglymidodrine formed by deglycination of midodrine. Administration of midodrine results in a rise in standing, sitting, and supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with orthostatic hypotension of various etiologies. Standing systolic blood pressure is elevated by approximately 15 to 30 mmHg at 1 hour after a 10-mg dose of midodrine, with some effect persisting for 2 to 3 hours. Midodrine has no clinically significant effect on standing or supine pulse rates in patients with autonomic failure.

Mechanism of action

Midodrine undergoes metabolism to form its pharmacologically active metabolite, desglymidodrine. Desglymidodrine acts as an agonist at the alpha1-adrenergic receptors expressed in the arteriolar and venous vasculature. Activation of alpha1-adrenergic receptor signaling pathways lead to an increase in the vascular tone and elevation of blood pressure. Desglymidodrine is reported to have negligible effect on the cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors.

TargetActionsOrganism
AAlpha-1A adrenergic receptor
agonist
Humans
AAlpha-1B adrenergic receptor
agonist
Humans
UAlpha-1D adrenergic receptor
agonist
Humans
Unlock Additional Data
Additional Data Available
Adverse Effects

Comprehensive structured data on known drug adverse effects with statistical prevalence. MedDRA and ICD10 ids are provided for adverse effect conditions and symptoms.

Learn more
Additional Data Available
Contraindications

Structured data covering drug contraindications. Each contraindication describes a scenario in which the drug is not to be used. Includes restrictions on co-administration, contraindicated populations, and more.

Learn more
Additional Data Available
Blackbox Warnings

Structured data representing warnings from the black box section of drug labels. These warnings cover important and dangerous risks, contraindications, or adverse effects.

Learn more
Absorption

Rapidly absorbed following oral administration. The peak plasma concentrations of the prodrug, desglymidodrine, is reached about half an hour following drug administration. The metabolites reach their peak plasma concentrations at about 1 to 2 hours following drug administration. The absolute bioavailability of midodrine (measured as desglymidodrine) is 93% and is not affected by food. As desglymidodrine displays poor diffusibility across the blood-brain barrier, it is expected to have minimal effects on the central nervous system.

Volume of distribution
Not Available
Protein binding
Not Available
Metabolism

Thorough metabolic studies have not been conducted, but it appears that deglycination of midodrine to desglymidodrine takes place in many tissues, and both compounds are metabolized in part by the liver.

Route of elimination
Not Available
Half life

The metabolites display a half-life of about 3 to 4 hours.

Clearance
  • Renal cl=385 mL/minute
Toxicity

Symptoms of overdose could include hypertension, piloerection (goosebumps), a sensation of coldness and urinary retention. The single doses that would be associated with symptoms of overdosage or would be potentially life- threatening are unknown. The oral LD50 is approximately 30 to 50 mg/kg in rats, 675 mg/kg in mice, and 125 to 160 mg/kg in dogs. Desglymidodrine is dialyzable.

Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
Unlock Additional Data
1-(3-Mercapto-2-Methyl-Propionyl)-Pyrrolidine-2-Carboxylic AcidThe risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Midodrine is combined with 1-(3-Mercapto-2-Methyl-Propionyl)-Pyrrolidine-2-Carboxylic Acid.
1-benzylimidazoleThe risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Midodrine is combined with 1-benzylimidazole.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Midodrine is combined with 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthioamphetamineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Midodrine is combined with 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthioamphetamine.
3-isobutyl-1-methyl-7H-xanthineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Midodrine is combined with 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-7H-xanthine.
3,5-diiodothyropropionic acidThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Midodrine is combined with 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid.
3,5-DiiodotyrosineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Midodrine is combined with 3,5-Diiodotyrosine.
4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Midodrine is combined with 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine.
4-MethoxyamphetamineThe risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Midodrine is combined with 4-Methoxyamphetamine.
5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamineThe risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Midodrine is combined with 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine.
Additional Data Available
  • Extended Description
    Extended Description

    Extended description of the mechanism of action and particular properties of each drug interaction.

    Learn more
  • Severity
    Severity

    A severity rating for each drug interaction, from minor to major.

    Learn more
  • Evidence Level
    Evidence Level

    A rating for the strength of the evidence supporting each drug interaction.

    Learn more
  • Action
    Action

    An effect category for each drug interaction. Know how this interaction affects the subject drug.

    Learn more
Food Interactions
  • Take without regard to meals.

References

Synthesis Reference

Anup K. Ray, Hiren Patel, Mahendra R. Patel, "Synthesis of midodrine HCI from a novel intermediate 1-(2',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-azidoethanone." U.S. Patent US6201153, issued July, 1965.

US6201153
General References
  1. Hebenstreit G: [Treatment of hypotension caused by psychopharmacological drugs (author's transl)]. Wien Med Wochenschr. 1981 Feb 28;131(4):109-12. [PubMed:6165144]
  2. Tsuda M, Terada T, Irie M, Katsura T, Niida A, Tomita K, Fujii N, Inui K: Transport characteristics of a novel peptide transporter 1 substrate, antihypotensive drug midodrine, and its amino acid derivatives. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Jul;318(1):455-60. Epub 2006 Apr 5. [PubMed:16597710]
External Links
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0014356
KEGG Drug
D08220
KEGG Compound
C07890
PubChem Compound
4195
PubChem Substance
46507373
ChemSpider
4050
ChEBI
6933
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1201212
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000229
PharmGKB
PA164749381
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Midodrine
ATC Codes
C01CA17 — Midodrine
AHFS Codes
  • 12:12.04 — Alpha-adrenergic Agonists

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
1CompletedNot AvailableAutonomic Failure / Orthostatic Hypotension1
1CompletedNot AvailableHealthy Volunteers3
1RecruitingBasic ScienceAutonomic Failure / Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) / Orthostatic Hypotension / Parkinson's Disease (PD) / Progressive autonomic failure1
1RecruitingOtherAutonomic Failure / Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) / Orthostatic Hypotension / Progressive autonomic failure1
1RecruitingTreatmentBlood Pressures / Sepsis1
1RecruitingTreatmentHepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS)1
1, 2Active Not RecruitingTreatmentChronic Orthostatic Intolerance / Tachycardia1
2CompletedTreatmentAcute Ischemic Stroke (AIS)1
2CompletedTreatmentInfluenza A Virus Infection1
2CompletedTreatmentLiver Cirrhosis / Renal Failure1
2CompletedTreatmentOrthostatic Hypotension1
2CompletedTreatmentOrthostatic Hypotension / Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI)2
2RecruitingTreatmentAutonomic Dysreflexia / Autonomic Integrity / Baroreceptor Integrity / Blood Pressures / Cerebral Blood Flow / Cognitive Function / Hypotensive / Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI) / Sympathetic Integrity / Vagal Integrity1
2WithdrawnTreatmentFibrosis / Hepatorenal Syndrome / Renal Failure1
2, 3Active Not RecruitingTreatmentLiver Cirrhosis / Refractory/Recurrent Ascites1
2, 3CompletedTreatmentRefractory Ascites / Type 2 Hepatorenal Syndrome1
2, 3RecruitingTreatmentAutonomic Dysreflexia / Baroreceptor Integrity / Blood Pressures / Cerebral Blood Flow / Hypotension / Orthostatic Hypotension / Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI) / Sympathetic Integrity / Vagal Integrity / Venous Occlusion Plethysmography1
2, 3RecruitingTreatmentRenal Impairment in Hepatorenal Syndrome1
2, 3TerminatedTreatmentHepatorenal Syndrome / Liver Cirrhosis1
3CompletedPreventionPostoperative Orthostatic Hypotension / Postoperative Orthostatic Intolerance1
3CompletedTreatmentCritical Illness / Hypotension1
3RecruitingTreatmentShock, Septic1
3RecruitingTreatmentSpinal Cord Injuries (SCI)1
3TerminatedTreatmentShock, Septic1
4Active Not RecruitingTreatmentSyncope, Vasovagal1
4CompletedNot AvailableHypothermia / Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) / Quadriplegia1
4CompletedPreventionGastrointestinal Bleedings / Hepatic Encephalopathy / Hyponatremia / Renal Failure / Sepsis1
4CompletedTreatmentAscites / Liver Cirrhosis1
4CompletedTreatmentNeurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension1
4CompletedTreatmentOrthostatic Hypotension3
4CompletedTreatmentSymptomatic Orthostatic Hypotension1
4Enrolling by InvitationTreatmentIntradialytic Hypotension1
4Not Yet RecruitingTreatmentAcute Renal Failure (ARF) / Hepatorenal Syndrome / Liver Cirrhosis1
4RecruitingHealth Services ResearchShock, Septic1
4RecruitingSupportive CareHypothermia / Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) / Quadriplegia1
4RecruitingTreatmentOrthostatic; Hypotension, Neurogenic1
4TerminatedTreatmentOrthostatic Hypotension1
4WithdrawnSupportive CareHypotension / Sepsis / Shock, Septic1
Not AvailableCompletedNot AvailableOrthostatic Intolerance1
Not AvailableCompletedTreatmentAcute Kidney Injury (AKI)1
Not AvailableCompletedTreatmentLiver Cirrhosis1
Not AvailableCompletedTreatmentSyncope1
Not AvailableNot Yet RecruitingTreatmentChildren, Only / Refractory Ascites1
Not AvailableRecruitingTreatmentHepatic Hydrothorax1
Not AvailableRecruitingTreatmentOrthostatic Intolerance / Parkinson's Disease (PD)1
Not AvailableTerminatedTreatmentOrthostatic Hypotension1
Not AvailableWithdrawnNot AvailableStrokes1
Not AvailableWithdrawnTreatmentAscites / End Stage Liver Diseases / Hypotension / Liver Cirrhosis1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Apotex inc etobicoke site
  • Impax pharmaceuticals
  • Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
  • Sandoz inc
  • Upsher smith laboratories inc
  • Shire development inc
Packagers
  • Actavis Group
  • Amerisource Health Services Corp.
  • Apotex Inc.
  • Eon Labs
  • Global Pharmaceuticals
  • Heartland Repack Services LLC
  • Impax Laboratories Inc.
  • Kaiser Foundation Hospital
  • Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
  • Mylan
  • Nycomed Inc.
  • Physicians Total Care Inc.
  • Rebel Distributors Corp.
  • Resource Optimization and Innovation LLC
  • Shire Inc.
  • UDL Laboratories
  • Upsher Smith Laboratories
  • Vangard Labs Inc.
Dosage forms
FormRouteStrength
TabletOral
TabletOral10 mg/1
TabletOral2.5 mg/1
TabletOral5 mg/1
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Proamatine 10 mg tablet5.91USD tablet
Midodrine hcl 10 mg tablet4.93USD tablet
Proamatine 5 mg tablet3.08USD tablet
Midodrine hcl 5 mg tablet2.47USD tablet
Proamatine 2.5 mg tablet1.53USD tablet
Midodrine hcl 2.5 mg tablet1.23USD tablet
Apo-Midodrine 5 mg Tablet0.59USD tablet
Apo-Midodrine 2.5 mg Tablet0.35USD tablet
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)200 to 203°CNot Available
water solubilitySolubleNot Available
logP-0.5Not Available
pKa7.8Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility4.45 mg/mLALOGPS
logP-0.49ALOGPS
logP-0.95ChemAxon
logS-1.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)13.77ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)8.14ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area93.81 Å2ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count6ChemAxon
Refractivity66.22 m3·mol-1ChemAxon
Polarizability26.65 Å3ChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted ADMET features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.7686
Blood Brain Barrier-0.856
Caco-2 permeable-0.7382
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.784
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.9781
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.9866
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.8896
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8519
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.7593
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.5595
CYP450 1A2 substrateInhibitor0.8848
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9385
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9231
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorInhibitor0.8993
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.867
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.9316
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.774
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.8613
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9595
Rat acute toxicity2.3137 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9772
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.8604
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSNot Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSNot Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSNot Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSNot Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSNot Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSNot Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSNot Available

Taxonomy

Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dimethoxybenzenes. These are organic aromatic compounds containing a monocyclic benzene moiety carrying exactly two methoxy groups.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Benzenoids
Class
Benzene and substituted derivatives
Sub Class
Methoxybenzenes
Direct Parent
Dimethoxybenzenes
Alternative Parents
Phenoxy compounds / Anisoles / Alkyl aryl ethers / Secondary alcohols / Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compounds / Carboximidic acids / Organopnictogen compounds / Monoalkylamines / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Aromatic alcohols
Substituents
P-dimethoxybenzene / Dimethoxybenzene / Phenoxy compound / Anisole / Phenol ether / Alkyl aryl ether / Secondary alcohol / Carboximidic acid / Carboximidic acid derivative / Ether
Molecular Framework
Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
aromatic ether, amino acid amide, secondary alcohol (CHEBI:6933)

Targets

Details1. Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Protein heterodimerization activity
Specific Function
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) prot...
Gene Name
ADRA1A
Uniprot ID
P35348
Uniprot Name
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
51486.005 Da
References
  1. Buckner SA, Milicic I, Daza AV, Meyer MD, Altenbach RJ, Williams M, Sullivan JP, Brioni JD: ABT-866, a novel alpha(1A)-adrenoceptor agonist with antagonist properties at the alpha(1B)- and alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor subtypes. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002 Aug 2;449(1-2):159-65. [PubMed:12163120]
  2. Taniguchi N, Hamada K, Ogasawara T, Ukai Y, Yoshikuni Y, Kimura K: NS-49, an alpha 1A-adrenoceptor agonist, selectively increases intraurethral pressure in dogs. Eur J Pharmacol. 1996 Dec 27;318(1):117-22. [PubMed:9007522]
  3. Altenbach RJ, Khilevich A, Kolasa T, Rohde JJ, Bhatia PA, Patel MV, Searle XB, Yang F, Bunnelle WH, Tietje K, Bayburt EK, Carroll WA, Meyer MD, Henry R, Buckner SA, Kuk J, Daza AV, Milicic IV, Cain JC, Kang CH, Ireland LM, Carr TL, Miller TR, Hancock AA, Nakane M, Esbenshade TA, Brune ME, O'Neill AB, Gauvin DM, Katwala SP, Holladay MW, Brioni JD, Sullivan JP: Synthesis and structure-activity studies on N-[5-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl]methanesulfonamide, an imidazole-containing alpha(1A)-adrenoceptor agonist. J Med Chem. 2004 Jun 3;47(12):3220-35. [PubMed:15163201]
Details2. Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Protein heterodimerization activity
Specific Function
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) prot...
Gene Name
ADRA1B
Uniprot ID
P35368
Uniprot Name
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
56835.375 Da
References
  1. Altenbach RJ, Khilevich A, Kolasa T, Rohde JJ, Bhatia PA, Patel MV, Searle XB, Yang F, Bunnelle WH, Tietje K, Bayburt EK, Carroll WA, Meyer MD, Henry R, Buckner SA, Kuk J, Daza AV, Milicic IV, Cain JC, Kang CH, Ireland LM, Carr TL, Miller TR, Hancock AA, Nakane M, Esbenshade TA, Brune ME, O'Neill AB, Gauvin DM, Katwala SP, Holladay MW, Brioni JD, Sullivan JP: Synthesis and structure-activity studies on N-[5-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl]methanesulfonamide, an imidazole-containing alpha(1A)-adrenoceptor agonist. J Med Chem. 2004 Jun 3;47(12):3220-35. [PubMed:15163201]
Details3. Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity
Specific Function
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its effect through the influx of extracellular calcium.
Gene Name
ADRA1D
Uniprot ID
P25100
Uniprot Name
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
60462.205 Da
References
  1. Altenbach RJ, Khilevich A, Meyer MD, Buckner SA, Milicic I, Daza AV, Brune ME, O'Neill AB, Gauvin DM, Cain JC, Nakane M, Holladay MW, Williams M, Brioni JD, Sullivan JP: N-[3-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]ethanesulfonamide (ABT-866, 1),(1) a novel alpha(1)-adrenoceptor ligand with an enhanced in vitro and in vivo profile relative to phenylpropanolamine and midodrine. J Med Chem. 2002 Sep 26;45(20):4395-7. [PubMed:12238918]

Enzymes

Details1. Cytochrome P450 2D6
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
Gene Name
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID
P10635
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2D6
Molecular Weight
55768.94 Da
References
  1. Platts SH, Shi SJ, Meck JV: Akathisia with combined use of midodrine and promethazine. JAMA. 2006 May 3;295(17):2000-1. [PubMed:16670408]
  2. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]

Transporters

Details1. Solute carrier family 15 member 1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Proton-dependent oligopeptide secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Proton-coupled intake of oligopeptides of 2 to 4 amino acids with a preference for dipeptides. May constitute a major route for the absorption of protein digestion end-products.
Gene Name
SLC15A1
Uniprot ID
P46059
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 15 member 1
Molecular Weight
78805.265 Da
References
  1. Tsuda M, Terada T, Irie M, Katsura T, Niida A, Tomita K, Fujii N, Inui K: Transport characteristics of a novel peptide transporter 1 substrate, antihypotensive drug midodrine, and its amino acid derivatives. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Jul;318(1):455-60. Epub 2006 Apr 5. [PubMed:16597710]

Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on November 12, 2019 22:30