Cilomilast

Identification

Generic Name
Cilomilast
DrugBank Accession Number
DB03849
Background

Cilomilast (Ariflo, SB-207,499) is a drug which was developed for the treatment of respiratory disorders such as asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). It is orally active and acts as a selective Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor. Following four clinical trials, the drug proved to be effective in treating COPD, however it has never been marketed due to a poor side effect profile.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Investigational
Structure
Weight
Average: 343.4168
Monoisotopic: 343.178358293
Chemical Formula
C20H25NO4
Synonyms
  • Ariflo
  • Cilomilast
  • cis-4-cyano-4-(3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid
External IDs
  • SB 207499
  • SB-207,499
  • SB-207499
  • SB207499

Pharmacology

Indication

Investigated for use/treatment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

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Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Not Available

Mechanism of action

Cilomilast shows high selectivity for cAMP-specific PDE4, an isoenzyme that predominates in pro-inflammatory and immune cells and that is 10-fold more selective for PDE4D than for PDE4A, -B or -C. In vitro, cilomilast suppresses the activity of several pro-inflammatory and immune cells that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and COPD. Moreover, it is highly active in animal models of these diseases. Cilomilast has been shown to exert potent anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo.

TargetActionsOrganism
AcAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D
inhibitor
Humans
AcAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B
inhibitor
Humans
Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
RiociguatCilomilast may increase the hypotensive activities of Riociguat.
Food Interactions
Not Available

Categories

Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as anisoles. These are organic compounds containing a methoxybenzene or a derivative thereof.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Benzenoids
Class
Phenol ethers
Sub Class
Anisoles
Direct Parent
Anisoles
Alternative Parents
Phenoxy compounds / Methoxybenzenes / Alkyl aryl ethers / Nitriles / Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids / Organopnictogen compounds / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Carbonyl compounds
Substituents
Alkyl aryl ether / Anisole / Aromatic homomonocyclic compound / Carbonitrile / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid / Carboxylic acid derivative / Ether / Hydrocarbon derivative / Methoxybenzene
Molecular Framework
Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Not Available
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
8ATB1C1R6X
CAS number
153259-65-5
InChI Key
CFBUZOUXXHZCFB-OYOVHJISSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C20H25NO4/c1-24-17-7-6-15(12-18(17)25-16-4-2-3-5-16)20(13-21)10-8-14(9-11-20)19(22)23/h6-7,12,14,16H,2-5,8-11H2,1H3,(H,22,23)/t14-,20-
IUPAC Name
(1s,4s)-4-cyano-4-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid
SMILES
COC1=C(OC2CCCC2)C=C(C=C1)[C@]1(CC[C@@H](CC1)C(O)=O)C#N

References

Synthesis Reference

Christensen, Siegfried B.; Guider, Aimee; Forster, Cornelia J.; Gleason, John G.; Bender, Paul E.; Karpinski, Joseph M.; Dewolf,, Walter E.; Barnette, Mary S.; et al. (1998). "1,4-Cyclohexanecarboxylates: Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Phosophodiesterase 4 for the Treatment of Asthma". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 41 (6): 821–35.

General References
  1. Torphy TJ, Barnette MS, Underwood DC, Griswold DE, Christensen SB, Murdoch RD, Nieman RB, Compton CH: Ariflo (SB 207499), a second generation phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor for the treatment of asthma and COPD: from concept to clinic. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 1999;12(2):131-5. [Article]
  2. Ochiai H, Ohtani T, Ishida A, Kusumi K, Kato M, Kohno H, Kishikawa K, Obata T, Nakai H, Toda M: Highly potent PDE4 inhibitors with therapeutic potential. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2004 Jan 5;14(1):207-10. [Article]
KEGG Drug
D01704
PubChem Compound
151170
PubChem Substance
46505062
ChemSpider
18826005
BindingDB
50346088
ChEMBL
CHEMBL511115
ZINC
ZINC000100042108
PDBe Ligand
CIO
Wikipedia
Cilomilast
PDB Entries
1xlx / 1xom

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
3CompletedTreatmentChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
Not Available
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0155 mg/mLALOGPS
logP3.91ALOGPS
logP3.9Chemaxon
logS-4.4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)2.33Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-4.6Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area79.55 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count5Chemaxon
Refractivity93 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability37.25 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings3Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9742
Blood Brain Barrier+0.8165
Caco-2 permeable+0.5624
P-glycoprotein substrateNon-substrate0.5848
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.6738
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.6658
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.7946
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.709
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.8309
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.6456
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.5574
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.5812
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9383
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.5328
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.6644
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.7841
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.8722
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.9202
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.681
Rat acute toxicity2.7220 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9728
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.7201
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-002f-0097000000-2ed324b8c509b1383353
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-0009000000-cad3dd51b6f187af7694
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0036-0094000000-19d65b1eea309b97c2c6
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-0291000000-8d6e20c2a6290319d819
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0ff3-2392000000-6c1600da93161ead32be
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0pb9-4893000000-e952ad3ef7a1ce1e71cc
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-196.7132169
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-172.2741
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+200.8758169
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+174.6321
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+196.7199169
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+181.26872
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Ubiquitin protein ligase binding
Specific Function
Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes.
Gene Name
PDE4D
Uniprot ID
Q08499
Uniprot Name
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D
Molecular Weight
91114.1 Da
References
  1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
  2. Kroegel C, Foerster M: Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors as a novel approach for the treatment of respiratory disease: cilomilast. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2007 Jan;16(1):109-24. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Metal ion binding
Specific Function
Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes. May be involved in mediating central nervous system effects of therapeutic agents ranging f...
Gene Name
PDE4B
Uniprot ID
Q07343
Uniprot Name
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B
Molecular Weight
83342.695 Da
References
  1. Kroegel C, Foerster M: Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors as a novel approach for the treatment of respiratory disease: cilomilast. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2007 Jan;16(1):109-24. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at December 11, 2021 01:26