Carboxymethylcellulose

Identification

Name

Carboxymethylcellulose

Accession Number

DB11059

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved, Investigational

Description

Carboxymethylcellulose is a cellulose derivative that consists of the cellulose backbone made up of glucopyranose monomers and their hydroxyl groups bound to carboxymethyl groups. It is added in food products as a viscosity modifier or thickener and emulsifier. It is also one of the most common viscous polymers used in artificial tears, and has shown to be effective in the treatment of aqueous tear-deficient dry eye symptoms and ocular surface staining ^[1]. The viscous and mucoadhesive properties as well as its anionic charge allow prolonged retention time in the ocular surface ^[1]. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose is the most commonly used salt.

Synonyms

• Carbose
• Carboxymethyl cellulose
• Carmellose
• Carmelosa
• Cellulose carboxymethyl ether
• Cellulose gum
• Cellulose, carboxymethyl ether
• Thylose

Product Ingredients

Ingredient	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Carboxymethylcellulose sodium	K679OBS311	9004-32-4	Not applicable

Over the Counter Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Acne Pimple Master Patch	Patch	30 mg/10g	Topical	Cosrx Inc.	2015-12-28	2015-12-31
Artificial Tears	Solution / drops	10 mg/1mL	Ophthalmic	Aru Pharma Inc.	2018-01-22	Not applicable
Biolle Gel Tears	Solution / drops	10 mg/1mL	Ophthalmic	Sage Ethnographic Research, Dba Biollé	2015-06-01	Not applicable
Biolle Tears	Solution / drops	5 mg/1mL	Ophthalmic	Sage Ethnographic Research, Dba Biollé	2015-06-01	Not applicable
Carboxymethylcellulose sodium	Solution	5 mg/1mL	Ophthalmic	Promed Exports Private Limited	2009-10-01	Not applicable
CareOne Lubricant	Solution / drops	5 mg/1mL	Ophthalmic	Foodhold U.S.A.	2017-05-18	Not applicable
CareOne Lubricant Eye Plus	Solution / drops	0.5 g/100mL	Ophthalmic	American Sales Company	2013-06-20	Not applicable
Cellufresh Liq 0.5%	Liquid	0.5 %	Ophthalmic	Allergan	1992-12-31	2000-06-01
Cho-A Derm	Dressing	130 g/433g	Topical	Cho-A Pharm.Co.,Ltd.	2018-06-19	Not applicable
CMC Lubricant Eye Drops	Solution / drops	5 mg/1mL	Ophthalmic	Amerisource Bergen	2013-03-22	Not applicable

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Clear Eyes for Dry Eyes	Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (1.0 %) + Glycerin (0.25 %)	Solution	Ophthalmic	Prestige Brands Inc	2008-03-26	2014-03-20
CVS Moisturizing Lubricating Eye	Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (5 mg/100mg) + Glycerin (9 mg/100mg)	Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	CVS Health	2013-09-03	Not applicable
CVS Moisturizing Lubricating Eye Twin Pack	Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (5 mg/1mL) + Glycerin (9 mg/1mL)	Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	CVS Health	2014-07-10	Not applicable
Equate Comfort	Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (2.5 mg/1mL) + Hypromellose (3 mg/1mL)	Gel	Ophthalmic	Walmart Stores	2014-04-10	Not applicable
Equate Day and Night Restore Tears	Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (5 mg/1mL) + Mineral oil (425 mg/1g) + Petrolatum (573 mg/1g)	Kit		Walmart Stores	2018-06-01	Not applicable
Equate Lubricating Eye	Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (5 mg/1mL) + Glycerin (9 mg/1mL)	Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	Walmart Stores	2012-04-01	Not applicable
Equate Restore Dual Lubricating	Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (5 mg/1mL) + Glycerin (9 mg/1mL)	Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	Walmart	2018-03-01	Not applicable
Equate Restore Dual Sensitive Lubricant	Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (5 mg/1mL) + Glycerin (9 mg/1mL)	Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	Walmart Stores	2016-05-03	Not applicable
Genteal Geldrops	Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (0.25 %) + Hypromellose (0.3 %)	Solution	Ophthalmic	Alcon, Inc.	2007-01-03	2014-01-13
GenTeal Moderate to Severe	Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (2.5 mg/1mL) + Hypromellose (3 mg/1mL)	Gel	Ophthalmic	Novartis	2009-09-14	Not applicable

Categories

• Anorexigenic Agents & Respiratory and CNS Stimulants
• Artificial Tears
• Biomedical and Dental Materials
• Biopolymers
• Bulk-Forming Laxatives
• Carbohydrates
• Cellulose
• EENT Drugs, Miscellaneous
• Gastrointestinal Agents
• Glucans
• Laxatives
• Macromolecular Substances
• Methylcellulose
• Polymers
• Polysaccharides

UNII

05JZI7B19X

CAS number

9000-11-7

Weight

Not Available

Chemical Formula

Not Available

InChI Key

Not Available

InChI

Not Available

IUPAC Name

Not Available

SMILES

Not Available

Pharmacology

Indication

Indicated for the symptomatic relief of burning, irritation and discomfort of the eyes due to dryness or exposure to wind or sun.

Pharmacodynamics

In a randomized clinical study of patients with mild or moderate forms of eye dryness, ophthalmic treatment with sodium carboxymethylcellulose resulted in a diminished frequency of symptoms compared to the placebo group ^[2]. Carboxymethylcellulose interacts with human corneal epithelial cells to facilitate corneal epithelial wound healing and attenuate eye irritation in a dose-dependent manner ^[1]. It exhibits protective actions on the ocular surface in various applications; it mediates cytoprotective effects on the ocular surface when applied prior to contact lenses and reduces the incidence of epithelial defects during LASIK ^[1].

Mechanism of action

Carboxymethylcellulose binds to the surface of corneal epithelial cells via its glucopyranose subunits binding to glucose receptors GLUT-1 ^[1]. The residence time of carboxymethylcellulose bound to corneal cells is approximately 2 hours as indicated by a short-term binding assay ^[1]. Binding of carboxymethylcellulose to the matrix proteins stimulated corneal epithelial cell attachment, migration, and re-epithelialization of corneal wounds ^[1].

Target	Actions	Organism
USolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1	binder	Human

Absorption

No pharmacokinetic data available.

Volume of distribution

No pharmacokinetic data available.

Protein binding

No pharmacokinetic data available.

Metabolism

No pharmacokinetic data available.

Route of elimination

No pharmacokinetic data available.

Half life

No pharmacokinetic data available.

Clearance

No pharmacokinetic data available.

Toxicity

Rat oral LD50, rabbit dermal LD50, and rat inhalation LC50 of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose are 27000 mg/kg, >2 g/kg, and >5800 mg/m^3 (4 hours), respectively ^[MSDS].

Affected organisms

Not Available

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

• All Drugs
• Approved
• Vet approved
• Nutraceutical
• Illicit
• Withdrawn
• Investigational
• Experimental

Drug	Interaction
Acetazolamide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Acetazolamide is combined with Carboxymethylcellulose.
Aclidinium	The therapeutic efficacy of Carboxymethylcellulose can be decreased when used in combination with Aclidinium.
Agmatine	The therapeutic efficacy of Carboxymethylcellulose can be decreased when used in combination with Agmatine.
Alcuronium	The therapeutic efficacy of Carboxymethylcellulose can be decreased when used in combination with Alcuronium.
Alfentanil	The therapeutic efficacy of Carboxymethylcellulose can be decreased when used in combination with Alfentanil.
Alphacetylmethadol	The therapeutic efficacy of Carboxymethylcellulose can be decreased when used in combination with Alphacetylmethadol.
Alphaprodine	The therapeutic efficacy of Carboxymethylcellulose can be decreased when used in combination with Alphaprodine.
Amantadine	The therapeutic efficacy of Carboxymethylcellulose can be decreased when used in combination with Amantadine.
Amiloride	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amiloride is combined with Carboxymethylcellulose.
Amiodarone	The therapeutic efficacy of Carboxymethylcellulose can be decreased when used in combination with Amiodarone.

Food Interactions

Not Available

References

General References

1. Garrett Q, Simmons PA, Xu S, Vehige J, Zhao Z, Ehrmann K, Willcox M: Carboxymethylcellulose binds to human corneal epithelial cells and is a modulator of corneal epithelial wound healing. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Apr;48(4):1559-67. doi: 10.1167/iovs.06-0848. [PubMed:17389485]
2. Bruix A, Adan A, Casaroli-Marano RP: [Efficacy of sodium carboxymethylcellulose in the treatment of dry eye syndrome]. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2006 Feb;81(2):85-92. [PubMed:16511715]

External Links

PubChem Substance

347911098

ChEMBL

CHEMBL1909054

Wikipedia

Carboxymethylcellulose

AHFS Codes

• 28:20.00 — Anorexigenic Agents & Respiratory and CNS Stimulants
• 52:13.00* — Artificial Tears
• 52:92.00 — EENT Drugs, Miscellaneous

MSDS

Download (34 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
0	Completed	Other	Cancer, Breast / Inflammatory carcinoma of the breast / Stage I Breast Carcinoma / Stage II Breast Cancer / Stage IIIA Breast Cancer / Stage IIIB Breast Cancer / Stage IIIC Breast Cancer / Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Remission / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With 11q23 (MLL) Abnormalities / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Del(5q) / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Inv(16)(p13;q22) / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With T(15;17)(q22;q12) / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With T(16;16)(p13;q22) / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With T(8;21)(q22;q22)	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Alkylating Agent-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia / Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia / Leukemia Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) / Myelodysplastic Syndrome / Refractory Anemia With Excess Blasts in Transformation	1
1	Recruiting	Treatment	Blasts 30 Percent or Less of Bone Marrow Nucleated Cells / Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia / High Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome / Leukemia Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) / Myelodysplastic Syndrome / Refractory Anemia	1
1	Recruiting	Treatment	Prostate Cancer	1
1, 2	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Corneal Graft Failure / Corneal Neovascularization	1
1, 2	Completed	Treatment	Corneal Graft Failure / Corneal Neovascularization	1
1, 2	Recruiting	Treatment	Fallopian Tube Carcinoma / Ovarian Carcinoma / Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma	1
1, 2	Suspended	Treatment	Recurrent Fallopian Tube Carcinoma / Recurrent Ovarian Carcinoma / Recurrent Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Dry Eye Syndrome (DES)	1
2	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Anatomic Stage IV Breast Cancer AJCC v8 / Estrogen Receptor Negative / HER2/Neu Negative / Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma / Progesterone Receptor Negative / Prognostic Stage IV Breast Cancer AJCC v8	1
2	Recruiting	Not Available	Neuroendocrine Tumors	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Eye Dryness	1
2	Withdrawn	Not Available	Cystoid Macular Edema	1
2	Withdrawn	Treatment	Adenoviral Conjunctivitis	1
2, 3	Completed	Treatment	Eye Dryness	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Bilateral LASIK Surgery	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Contact Lens Lubrication	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Dry Eye Syndrome (DES)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Dry Eye Syndromes	3
3	Completed	Treatment	Eye Dryness	1
4	Completed	Not Available	Histamine Responsive Allergy Patients	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Cataracts / Dry Eye Syndromes	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Dry Eye Syndromes	3
4	Completed	Treatment	Hypotrichosis	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Prevention	Myopia	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Cervical Preparation / Pain NOS / Pregnancy Termination	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Dry Eye Syndromes	1
4	Unknown Status	Prevention	Blindness / Retinal Detachment / Retinopathy of Prematurity	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Dry Eye Syndromes	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Dry Eye Syndrome (DES)	2
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Glaucoma, Primary Open Angle (POAG) / Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome	1
Not Available	Terminated	Treatment	Oral Lichen Planus	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Treatment	Eye Dryness	1
Not Available	Withdrawn	Treatment	Corneas	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Not Available

Dosage forms

Form	Route	Strength
Patch	Topical	30 mg/10g
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	10 mg/1mL
Solution	Ophthalmic	5 mg/1mL
Liquid	Ophthalmic	0.5 %
Dressing	Topical	130 g/433g
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic
Kit
Liquid	Intraocular	5 mg/1mL
Solution	Ophthalmic
Gel	Ophthalmic
Solution, gel forming / drops	Ophthalmic	0.5 g/100mL
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	0.5 g/100mL
Solution, gel forming / drops	Ophthalmic	.5 g/100mL
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	.5 g/100mL
Patch	Topical	1.05 g/3.5g
Capsule	Oral	300 mg
Paste	Oral; Topical
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	0.25 %
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	1 %
Solution	Ophthalmic	0.5 %
Solution	Ophthalmic	10 mg
Emulsion	Ophthalmic
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	5 mg
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	0.5 %
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	5 mg/1mL
Kit; solution	Ophthalmic
Aerosol	Oral
Gel	Ophthalmic	10 mg/1mL
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	2.5 mg/1mL
Solution	Ophthalmic	0.25 %
Patch	Topical	36.87 mg/241
Patch	Topical	6.17 mg/101
Patch	Topical	12.58 mg/51
Patch	Topical	18.12 mg/91

Prices

Not Available

Patents

Not Available

Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point (°C)	300	MSDS

Predicted Properties

Not Available

Predicted ADMET features

Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Not Available

Spectra

Not Available

Taxonomy

Classification

Not classified

Drug created on December 03, 2015 09:51 / Updated on November 14, 2018 12:58