Carboxymethylcellulose
Identification
- Name
- Carboxymethylcellulose
- Accession Number
- DB11059
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Description
Carboxymethylcellulose is a cellulose derivative that consists of the cellulose backbone made up of glucopyranose monomers and their hydroxyl groups bound to carboxymethyl groups. It is added in food products as a viscosity modifier or thickener and emulsifier. It is also one of the most common viscous polymers used in artificial tears, and has shown to be effective in the treatment of aqueous tear-deficient dry eye symptoms and ocular surface staining [1]. The viscous and mucoadhesive properties as well as its anionic charge allow prolonged retention time in the ocular surface [1]. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose is the most commonly used salt.
- Synonyms
- Carbose
- Carboxymethyl cellulose
- Carmellose
- Carmelosa
- Cellulose carboxymethyl ether
- Cellulose gum
- Cellulose, carboxymethyl ether
- Thylose
- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Carboxymethylcellulose sodium K679OBS311 9004-32-4 Not applicable - Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Acne Pimple Master Patch Patch 30 mg/10g Topical Cosrx Inc. 2015-12-28 2015-12-31 US Artificial Tears Solution / drops 10 mg/1mL Ophthalmic Aru Pharma Inc. 2018-01-22 Not applicable US Biolle Gel Tears Solution / drops 10 mg/1mL Ophthalmic Sage Ethnographic Research, Dba Biollé 2015-06-01 Not applicable US Biolle Tears Solution / drops 5 mg/1mL Ophthalmic Sage Ethnographic Research, Dba Biollé 2015-06-01 Not applicable US Carboxymethylcellulose sodium Solution 5 mg/1mL Ophthalmic Promed Exports Private Limited 2009-10-01 Not applicable US CareOne Lubricant Solution / drops 5 mg/1mL Ophthalmic Foodhold U.S.A. 2017-05-18 Not applicable US CareOne Lubricant Eye Plus Solution / drops 0.5 g/100mL Ophthalmic American Sales Company 2013-06-20 Not applicable US Cellufresh Liq 0.5% Liquid 0.5 % Ophthalmic Allergan 1992-12-31 2000-06-01 Canada Cho-A Derm Dressing 130 g/433g Topical Cho-A Pharm.Co.,Ltd. 2018-06-19 Not applicable US CMC Lubricant Eye Drops Solution / drops 5 mg/1mL Ophthalmic Amerisource Bergen 2013-03-22 Not applicable US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Clear Eyes for Dry Eyes Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (1.0 %) + Glycerin (0.25 %) Solution Ophthalmic Prestige Brands Inc 2008-03-26 2014-03-20 Canada CVS Moisturizing Lubricating Eye Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (5 mg/100mg) + Glycerin (9 mg/100mg) Solution / drops Ophthalmic CVS Health 2013-09-03 Not applicable US CVS Moisturizing Lubricating Eye Twin Pack Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (5 mg/1mL) + Glycerin (9 mg/1mL) Solution / drops Ophthalmic CVS Health 2014-07-10 Not applicable US Equate Comfort Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (2.5 mg/1mL) + Hypromellose (3 mg/1mL) Gel Ophthalmic Walmart Stores 2014-04-10 Not applicable US Equate Day and Night Restore Tears Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (5 mg/1mL) + Mineral oil (425 mg/1g) + Petrolatum (573 mg/1g) Kit Walmart Stores 2018-06-01 Not applicable US Equate Lubricating Eye Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (5 mg/1mL) + Glycerin (9 mg/1mL) Solution / drops Ophthalmic Walmart Stores 2012-04-01 Not applicable US Equate Restore Dual Lubricating Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (5 mg/1mL) + Glycerin (9 mg/1mL) Solution / drops Ophthalmic Walmart 2018-03-01 Not applicable US Equate Restore Dual Sensitive Lubricant Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (5 mg/1mL) + Glycerin (9 mg/1mL) Solution / drops Ophthalmic Walmart Stores 2016-05-03 Not applicable US Genteal Geldrops Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (0.25 %) + Hypromellose (0.3 %) Solution Ophthalmic Alcon, Inc. 2007-01-03 2014-01-13 Canada GenTeal Moderate to Severe Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (2.5 mg/1mL) + Hypromellose (3 mg/1mL) Gel Ophthalmic Novartis 2009-09-14 Not applicable US - Categories
- UNII
- 05JZI7B19X
- CAS number
- 9000-11-7
- Weight
- Not Available
- Chemical Formula
- Not Available
- InChI Key
- Not Available
- InChI
- Not Available
- IUPAC Name
- Not Available
- SMILES
- Not Available
Pharmacology
- Indication
Indicated for the symptomatic relief of burning, irritation and discomfort of the eyes due to dryness or exposure to wind or sun.
- Pharmacodynamics
In a randomized clinical study of patients with mild or moderate forms of eye dryness, ophthalmic treatment with sodium carboxymethylcellulose resulted in a diminished frequency of symptoms compared to the placebo group [2]. Carboxymethylcellulose interacts with human corneal epithelial cells to facilitate corneal epithelial wound healing and attenuate eye irritation in a dose-dependent manner [1]. It exhibits protective actions on the ocular surface in various applications; it mediates cytoprotective effects on the ocular surface when applied prior to contact lenses and reduces the incidence of epithelial defects during LASIK [1].
- Mechanism of action
Carboxymethylcellulose binds to the surface of corneal epithelial cells via its glucopyranose subunits binding to glucose receptors GLUT-1 [1]. The residence time of carboxymethylcellulose bound to corneal cells is approximately 2 hours as indicated by a short-term binding assay [1]. Binding of carboxymethylcellulose to the matrix proteins stimulated corneal epithelial cell attachment, migration, and re-epithelialization of corneal wounds [1].
Target Actions Organism USolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 binderHumans - Absorption
No pharmacokinetic data available.
- Volume of distribution
No pharmacokinetic data available.
- Protein binding
No pharmacokinetic data available.
- Metabolism
No pharmacokinetic data available.
- Route of elimination
No pharmacokinetic data available.
- Half life
No pharmacokinetic data available.
- Clearance
No pharmacokinetic data available.
- Toxicity
Rat oral LD50, rabbit dermal LD50, and rat inhalation LC50 of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose are 27000 mg/kg, >2 g/kg, and >5800 mg/m^3 (4 hours), respectively [MSDS].
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction Acetazolamide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Acetazolamide is combined with Carboxymethylcellulose. Aclidinium The therapeutic efficacy of Carboxymethylcellulose can be decreased when used in combination with Aclidinium. Agmatine The therapeutic efficacy of Carboxymethylcellulose can be decreased when used in combination with Agmatine. Alcuronium The therapeutic efficacy of Carboxymethylcellulose can be decreased when used in combination with Alcuronium. Alfentanil The therapeutic efficacy of Carboxymethylcellulose can be decreased when used in combination with Alfentanil. Alphacetylmethadol The therapeutic efficacy of Carboxymethylcellulose can be decreased when used in combination with Alphacetylmethadol. Alphaprodine The therapeutic efficacy of Carboxymethylcellulose can be decreased when used in combination with Alphaprodine. Amiloride The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amiloride is combined with Carboxymethylcellulose. Amiodarone The therapeutic efficacy of Carboxymethylcellulose can be decreased when used in combination with Amiodarone. Amitriptyline The therapeutic efficacy of Carboxymethylcellulose can be decreased when used in combination with Amitriptyline. - Food Interactions
- Not Available
References
- General References
- Garrett Q, Simmons PA, Xu S, Vehige J, Zhao Z, Ehrmann K, Willcox M: Carboxymethylcellulose binds to human corneal epithelial cells and is a modulator of corneal epithelial wound healing. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Apr;48(4):1559-67. doi: 10.1167/iovs.06-0848. [PubMed:17389485]
- Bruix A, Adan A, Casaroli-Marano RP: [Efficacy of sodium carboxymethylcellulose in the treatment of dry eye syndrome]. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2006 Feb;81(2):85-92. [PubMed:16511715]
- External Links
- PubChem Substance
- 347911098
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1909054
- Wikipedia
- Carboxymethylcellulose
- AHFS Codes
- 28:20.00 — Anorexigenic Agents & Respiratory and CNS Stimulants
- 52:13.00* — Artificial Tears
- 52:92.00 — EENT Drugs, Miscellaneous
- MSDS
- Download (34 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage forms
Form Route Strength Patch Topical 30 mg/10g Solution / drops Ophthalmic 10 mg/1mL Solution Ophthalmic 5 mg/1mL Liquid Ophthalmic 0.5 % Dressing Topical 130 g/433g Solution / drops Ophthalmic 2.5 mg/1mL Solution / drops Ophthalmic Kit Liquid Intraocular 5 mg/1mL Solution Ophthalmic Gel Ophthalmic Solution, gel forming / drops Ophthalmic 0.5 g/100mL Solution / drops Ophthalmic 0.5 g/100mL Solution, gel forming / drops Ophthalmic .5 g/100mL Solution / drops Ophthalmic .5 g/100mL Patch Topical 1.05 g/3.5g Capsule Oral 300 mg Paste Oral; Topical Solution / drops Ophthalmic 0.25 % Gel Ophthalmic 10 mg/1mL Solution / drops Ophthalmic 1 % Solution Ophthalmic 0.5 % Solution Ophthalmic 10 mg Emulsion Ophthalmic Solution / drops Ophthalmic 5 mg Solution / drops Ophthalmic 0.5 % Solution / drops Ophthalmic 5 mg/1mL Kit; solution Ophthalmic Aerosol Oral Solution Ophthalmic 0.25 % Patch Topical 36.87 mg/241 Patch Topical 6.17 mg/101 Patch Topical 12.58 mg/51 Patch Topical 18.12 mg/91 - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 300 MSDS - Predicted Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted ADMET features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Not Available
Taxonomy
- Classification
- Not classified
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Xenobiotic transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Facilitative glucose transporter. This isoform may be responsible for constitutive or basal glucose uptake. Has a very broad substrate specificity; can transport a wide range of aldoses including b...
- Gene Name
- SLC2A1
- Uniprot ID
- P11166
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1
- Molecular Weight
- 54083.325 Da
References
- Garrett Q, Simmons PA, Xu S, Vehige J, Zhao Z, Ehrmann K, Willcox M: Carboxymethylcellulose binds to human corneal epithelial cells and is a modulator of corneal epithelial wound healing. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Apr;48(4):1559-67. doi: 10.1167/iovs.06-0848. [PubMed:17389485]
Drug created on December 03, 2015 09:51 / Updated on February 19, 2019 08:59