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Showing drug card for Norgestrel (DB00506)

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Creation Date 2005-06-13 13:24:05
Update Date 2009-02-19 16:04:28
Primary Accession Number DB00506
Secondary Accession Number
  • APRD00106
Name Norgestrel
Drug Type
  • Approved
  • Small Molecule
Description A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of progesterone and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (norgestrel). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis. [PubChem]
Synonyms Not Available
Brand Names
  1. Alesse
  2. Alpha-Norgestrel
  3. Component of Lo/Ovral
  4. Component of Ovral
  5. DL-Norgestrel
  6. LD Norgestrel
  7. Ld Norgestrel [French]
  8. Lo/Ovral
  9. Logynon
  10. Methylnorethindrone
  11. Microgynon
  12. Microlut
  13. Monovar
  14. NOG
  15. Neogest
  16. Norgeston
  17. Norgestrel [Progestins]
  18. Norgestrel [Usan:Ban:Inn:Jan]
  19. Norgestrelum [INN-Latin]
  20. Ovral
  21. Ovran
  22. Postinor
  23. Stediril
  24. Tetragynon
  25. Trinordiol
Brand Mixtures
  1. Lo-Femenal 21 Tablets (ethinyl estradiol + norgestrel)
  2. Ovral 21 Tablets (ethinyl estradiol + norgestrel)
  3. Ovral 28 Tablets (ethinyl estradiol + norgestrel)
Chemical IUPAC Name (8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-13-ethyl-17-ethynyl-17-hydroxy-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
Chemical Formula C21H28O2
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 6533-00-2
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C21H28O2/c1-3-20-11-9-17-16-8-6-15(22)13-14(16)5-7-18(17)19(20)10-12-21(20,23)4-2/h2,13,16-19,23H,3,5-12H2,1H3/t16-,17+,18+,19-,20-,21-/m0/s1
InChI Key WWYNJERNGUHSAO-XUDSTZEEBP
KEGG Drug D00954 Link Image
KEGG Compound C08153 Link Image
PubChem Compound 13109 Link Image
PubChem Substance 7848017 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
PharmGKB ID PA450656 Link Image
HET ID NOG Link Image
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] Not Available
RxList Link http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/norgeth.htm Link Image
PDRhealth Link Not Available
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norgestrel Link Image
FDA Label Not Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Not Available
Synthesis Reference G. A. Smith, H. Smith, U.S. Pat. 3,959,322 (1976)
Average Molecular Weight 312.4458
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 312.2089
State Solid
Melting Point 206oC
Experimental Water Solubility 0.00173 mg/mL [PINSUWAN,S et al. (1997)] Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 5.83e-03 mg/mL Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 3.8 Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP 3.25 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS Not Available
Predicted LogS -4.73 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability Not Available
pKa/Isoelectric Point Not Available
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Isomeric SMILES CC[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@@H](CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@H]34)[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(O)C#C
Canonical SMILES CCC12CCC3C(CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34)C1CCC2(O)C#C
Drug Category
  • Contraceptive Agents, Female
  • Contraceptives
  • Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic
ATC Codes
AHFS Codes
  • 68:12.00
Indication Used as an oral contraceptive to prevent pregnancy
Pharmacology Norgestrel is used as a female contraceptive. Norgestrel is a progestin or a synthetic form of the naturally occurring female sex hormone, progesterone. In a woman's normal menstrual cycle, an egg matures and is released from the ovaries (ovulation). The ovary then produces progesterone, preventing the release of further eggs and priming the lining of the womb for a possible pregnancy. If pregnancy occurs, progesterone levels in the body remain high, maintaining the womb lining. If pregnancy does not occur, progesterone levels in the body fall, resulting in a menstrual period. Norgestrel tricks the body processes into thinking that ovulation has already occurred, by maintaining high levels of the synthetic progesterone. This prevents the release of eggs from the ovaries.
Mechanism of Action Norgestrel binds to the progesterone and estrogen receptors. Target cells include the female reproductive tract, the mammary gland, the hypothalamus, and the pituitary. Once bound to the receptor, progestins like Norgestrel will slow the frequency of release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus and blunt the pre-ovulatory LH (luteinizing hormone) surge.
Absorption 65%
Toxicity Nausea, vomiting, and drowsiness/fatigue; Withdrawal bleeding; LD50=mg/kg (orally in rat)
Protein Binding Norgestrel-binding protein in the plasma appeared to be a protein different from human serum albumin, corticosteroid-binding globulin and sex-steroid-binding protein. High binding (>95%).
Biotransformation Hepatic
Half Life 5-14 hours
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Insert, extended release Intrauterine
Tablet Oral
Patient Information Show Link Image
Contraindications Show Link Image
Interactions Show Link Image
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol.
  • Avoid excessive quantities of coffee or tea (Caffeine).
  • Increase dietary intake of magnesium, folate, vitamin B6, B12, and/or consider taking a multivitamin.
  • Take at the same time everyday.
  • Take with food.
Pathways Not Available
General References
  1. Drugs.com Link Image
  2. Wikipedia Link Image
  3. RxList Link Image
Organisms Affected
  • Humans and other mammals
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzymes
  1. Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19)
  2. Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)
Targets
  1. Estrogen receptor
  2. Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor
  3. Progesterone receptor
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 Name Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19)
Enzyme 1 Gene Name CYP2C19
Enzyme 1 SwissProt ID P33261 Link Image
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >sp|P33261|CP2CJ_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2C19 (EC 1.14.13.80) 
MDPFVVLVLCLSCLLLLSIWRQSSGRGKLPPGPTPLPVIGNILQIDIKDVSKSLTNLSKI
YGPVFTLYFGLERMVVLHGYEVVKEALIDLGEEFSGRGHFPLAERANRGFGIVFSNGKRW
KEIRRFSLMTLRNFGMGKRSIEDRVQEEARCLVEELRKTKASPCDPTFILGCAPCNVICS
IIFQKRFDYKDQQFLNLMEKLNENIRIVSTPWIQICNNFPTIIDYFPGTHNKLLKNLAFM
ESDILEKVKEHQESMDINNPRDFIDCFLIKMEKEKQNQQSEFTIENLVITAADLLGAGTE
TTSTTLRYALLLLLKHPEVTAKVQEEIERVVGRNRSPCMQDRGHMPYTDAVVHEVQRYID
LIPTSLPHAVTCDVKFRNYLIPKGTTILTSLTSVLHDNKEFPNPEMFDPRHFLDEGGNFK
KSNYFMPFSAGKRICVGEGLARMELFLFLTFILQNFNLKSLIDPKDLDTTPVVNGFASVP
PFYQLCFIPV
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 Name Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)
Enzyme 2 Gene Name CYP3A4
Enzyme 2 SwissProt ID P08684 Link Image
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >sp|P08684|CP3A4_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 3A4 (EC 1.14.13.67) 
ALIPDLAMETWLLLAVSLVLLYLYGTHSHGLFKKLGIPGPTPLPFLGNILSYHKGFCMFD
MECHKKYGKVWGFYDGQQPVLAITDPDMIKTVLVKECYSVFTNRRPFGPVGFMKSAISIA
EDEEWKRLRSLLSPTFTSGKLKEMVPIIAQYGDVLVRNLRREAETGKPVTLKDVFGAYSM
DVITSTSFGVNIDSLNNPQDPFVENTKKLLRFDFLDPFFLSITVFPFLIPILEVLNICVF
PREVTNFLRKSVKRMKESRLEDTQKHRVDFLQLMIDSQNSKETESHKALSDLELVAQSII
FIFAGYETTSSVLSFIMYELATHPDVQQKLQEEIDAVLPNKAPPTYDTVLQMEYLDMVVN
ETLRLFPIAMRLERVCKKDVEINGMFIPKGWVVMIPSYALHRDPKYWTEPEKFLPERFSK
KNKDNIDPYIYTPFGSGPRNCIGMRFALMNMKLALIRVLQNFSFKPCKETQIPLKLSLGG
LLQPEKPVVLKVESRDGTVSGA
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 136
Target 1 Name Estrogen receptor
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. ER
  2. ER-alpha
  3. Estradiol receptor
Target 1 Gene Name ESR1
Target 1 Protein Sequence >Estrogen receptor 
MTMTLHTKASGMALLHQIQGNELEPLNRPQLKIPLERPLGEVYLDSSKPAVYNYPEGAAY
EFNAAAAANAQVYGQTGLPYGPGSEAAAFGSNGLGGFPPLNSVSPSPLMLLHPPPQLSPF
LQPHGQQVPYYLENEPSGYTVREAGPPAFYRPNSDNRRQGGRERLASTNDKGSMAMESAK
ETRYCAVCNDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGHNDYMCPATNQCTIDKNRRKSCQAC
RLRKCYEVGMMKGGIRKDRRGGRMLKHKRQRDDGEGRGEVGSAGDMRAANLWPSPLMIKR
SKKNSLALSLTADQMVSALLDAEPPILYSEYDPTRPFSEASMMGLLTNLADRELVHMINW
AKRVPGFVDLTLHDQVHLLECAWLEILMIGLVWRSMEHPGKLLFAPNLLLDRNQGKCVEG
MVEIFDMLLATSSRFRMMNLQGEEFVCLKSIILLNSGVYTFLSSTLKSLEEKDHIHRVLD
KITDTLIHLMAKAGLTLQQQHQRLAQLLLILSHIRHMSNKGMEHLYSMKCKNVVPLYDLL
LEMLDAHRLHAPTSRGGASVEETDQSHLATAGSTSSHSLQKYYITGEAEGFPATV
Target 1 Number of Residues 604
Target 1 Molecular Weight 66217
Target 1 Theoretical pI 8.14
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
ion binding
cation binding
transition metal ion binding
zinc ion binding
steroid binding
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
ligand-dependent nuclear receptor activity
steroid hormone receptor activity
binding
nucleic acid binding
DNA binding
transcription factor activity
Process
regulation of biological process
regulation of physiological process
regulation of metabolism
regulation of cellular metabolism
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
regulation of transcription
regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
Component
organelle
membrane-bound organelle
intracellular membrane-bound organelle
nucleus
Target 1 General Function Involved in transcription factor activity
Target 1 Specific Function Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues
Target 1 Pathways Not Available
Target 1 Reactions Not Available
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function
Target 1 Signals
  • None
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 1 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein 31234 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P03372 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ESR1_HUMAN Link Image
Target 1 PDB ID 1R5K Link Image
Target 1 PDB File Show
Target 1 3D Structure
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Nucleus
Target 1 Gene Sequence >1788 bp 
ATGACCATGACCCTCCACACCAAAGCATCTGGGATGGCCCTACTGCATCAGATCCAAGGG
AACGAGCTGGAGCCCCTGAACCGTCCGCAGCTCAAGATCCCCCTGGAGCGGCCCCTGGGC
GAGGTGTACCTGGACAGCAGCAAGCCCGCCGTGTACAACTACCCCGAGGGCGCCGCCTAC
GAGTTCAACGCCGCGGCCGCCGCCAACGCGCAGGTCTACGGTCAGACCGGCCTCCCCTAC
GGCCCCGGGTCTGAGGCTGCGGCGTTCGGCTCCAACGGCCTGGGGGGTTTCCCCCCACTC
AACAGCGTGTCTCCGAGCCCGCTGATGCTACTGCACCCGCCGCCGCAGCTGTCGCCTTTC
CTGCAGCCCCACGGCCAGCAGGTGCCCTACTACCTGGAGAACGAGCCCAGCGGCTACACG
GTGCGCGAGGCCGGCCCGCCGGCATTCTACAGGCCAAATTCAGATAATCGACGCCAGGGT
GGCAGAGAAAGATTGGCCAGTACCAATGACAAGGGAAGTATGGCTATGGAATCTGCCAAG
GAGACTCGCTACTGTGCAGTGTGCAATGACTATGCTTCAGGCTACCATTATGGAGTCTGG
TCCTGTGAGGGCTGCAAGGCCTTCTTCAAGAGAAGTATTCAAGGACATAACGACTATATG
TGTCCAGCCACCAACCAGTGCACCATTGATAAAAACAGGAGGAAGAGCTGCCAGGCCTGC
CGGCTCCGCAAATGCTACGAAGTGGGAATGATGAAAGGTGGGATACGAAAAGACCGAAGA
GGAGGGAGAATGTTGAAACACAAGCGCCAGAGAGATGATGGGGAGGGCAGGGGTGAAGTG
GGGTCTGCTGGAGACATGAGAGCTGCCAACCTTTGGCCAAGCCCGCTCATGATCAAACGC
TCTAAGAAGAACAGCCTGGCCTTGTCCCTGACGGCCGACCAGATGGTCAGTGCCTTGTTG
GATGCTGAGCCCCCCATACTCTATTCCGAGTATGATCCTACCAGACCCTTCAGTGAAGCT
TCGATGATGGGCTTACTGACCAACCTGGCAGACAGGGAGCTGGTTCACATGATCAACTGG
GCGAAGAGGGTGCCAGGCTTTGTGGATTTGACCCTCCATGATCAGGTCCACCTTCTAGAA
TGTGCCTGGCTAGAGATCCTGATGATTGGTCTCGTCTGGCGCTCCATGGAGCACCCAGTG
AAGCTACTGTTTGCTCCTAACTTGCTCTTGGACAGGAACCAGGGAAAATGTGTAGAGGGC
ATGGTGGAGATCTTCGACATGCTGCTGGCTACATCATCTCGGTTCCGCATGATGAATCTG
CAGGGAGAGGAGTTTGTGTGCCTCAAATCTATTATTTTGCTTAATTCTGGAGTGTACACA
TTTCTGTCCAGCACCCTGAAGTCTCTGGAAGAGAAGGACCATATCCACCGAGTCCTGGAC
AAGATCACAGACACTTTGATCCACCTGATGGCCAAGGCAGGCCTGACCCTGCAGCAGCAG
CACCAGCGGCTGGCCCAGCTCCTCCTCATCCTCTCCCACATCAGGCACATGAGTAACAAA
GGCATGGAGCATCTGTACAGCATGAAGTGCAAGAACGTGGTGCCCCTCTATGACCTGCTG
CTGGAGATGCTGGACGCCCACCGCCTACATGCGCCCACTAGCCGTGGAGGGGCATCCGTG
GAGGAGACGGACCAAAGCCACTTGGCCACTGCGGGCTCTACTTCATCGCATTCCTTGCAA
AAGTATTACATCACGGGGGAGGCAGAGGGTTTCCCTGCCACAGTCTGA
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID ESR1 Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID ESR1 Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:3467 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location 6
Target 1 Locus 6q25.1
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 General References
  1. Montano MM, Ekena K, Delage-Mourroux R, Chang W, Martini P, Katzenellenbogen BS: An estrogen receptor-selective coregulator that potentiates the effectiveness of antiestrogens and represses the activity of estrogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Jun 8;96(12):6947-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Rogatsky I, Trowbridge JM, Garabedian MJ: Potentiation of human estrogen receptor alpha transcriptional activation through phosphorylation of serines 104 and 106 by the cyclin A-CDK2 complex. J Biol Chem. 1999 Aug 6;274(32):22296-302. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Lee SK, Anzick SL, Choi JE, Bubendorf L, Guan XY, Jung YK, Kallioniemi OP, Kononen J, Trent JM, Azorsa D, Jhun BH, Cheong JH, Lee YC, Meltzer PS, Lee JW: A nuclear factor, ASC-2, as a cancer-amplified transcriptional coactivator essential for ligand-dependent transactivation by nuclear receptors in vivo. J Biol Chem. 1999 Nov 26;274(48):34283-93. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Schubert EL, Lee MK, Newman B, King MC: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the estrogen receptor gene and breast cancer susceptibility. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1999 Nov;71(1-2):21-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Sauve F, McBroom LD, Gallant J, Moraitis AN, Labrie F, Giguere V: CIA, a novel estrogen receptor coactivator with a bifunctional nuclear receptor interacting determinant. Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Jan;21(1):343-53. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Shao W, Halachmi S, Brown M: ERAP140, a conserved tissue-specific nuclear receptor coactivator. Mol Cell Biol. 2002 May;22(10):3358-72. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Wong CW, McNally C, Nickbarg E, Komm BS, Cheskis BJ: Estrogen receptor-interacting protein that modulates its nongenomic activity-crosstalk with Src/Erk phosphorylation cascade. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Nov 12;99(23):14783-8. Epub 2002 Nov 1. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Reese JC, Katzenellenbogen BS: Characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutation in the hormone binding domain of the human estrogen receptor. Studies in cell extracts and intact cells and their implications for hormone-dependent transcriptional activation. J Biol Chem. 1992 May 15;267(14):9868-73. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Schwabe JW, Neuhaus D, Rhodes D: Solution structure of the DNA-binding domain of the oestrogen receptor. Nature. 1990 Nov 29;348(6300):458-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. 2792078 Tora L, Mullick A, Metzger D, Ponglikitmongkol M, Park I, Chambon P: The cloned human oestrogen receptor contains a mutation which alters its hormone binding properties. EMBO J. 1989 Jul;8(7):1981-6.
  12. 3753802 Greene GL, Gilna P, Waterfield M, Baker A, Hort Y, Shine J: Sequence and expression of human estrogen receptor complementary DNA. Science. 1986 Mar 7;231(4742):1150-4.
  13. 3754034 Green S, Walter P, Kumar V, Krust A, Bornert JM, Argos P, Chambon P: Human oestrogen receptor cDNA: sequence, expression and homology to v-erb-A. Nature. 1986 Mar 13-19;320(6058):134-9.
  14. 7476978 Joel PB, Traish AM, Lannigan DA: Estradiol and phorbol ester cause phosphorylation of serine 118 in the human estrogen receptor. Mol Endocrinol. 1995 Aug;9(8):1041-52.
  15. 7539106 Arnold SF, Obourn JD, Jaffe H, Notides AC: Phosphorylation of the human estrogen receptor on tyrosine 537 in vivo and by src family tyrosine kinases in vitro. Mol Endocrinol. 1995 Jan;9(1):24-33.
  16. 7838153 Arnold SF, Obourn JD, Jaffe H, Notides AC: Serine 167 is the major estradiol-induced phosphorylation site on the human estrogen receptor. Mol Endocrinol. 1994 Sep;8(9):1208-14.
  17. 7916651 Pfeffer U, Fecarotta E, Castagnetta L, Vidali G: Estrogen receptor variant messenger RNA lacking exon 4 in estrogen-responsive human breast cancer cell lines. Cancer Res. 1993 Feb 15;53(4):741-3.
  18. 8221895 Schwabe JW, Chapman L, Finch JT, Rhodes D: The crystal structure of the estrogen receptor DNA-binding domain bound to DNA: how receptors discriminate between their response elements. Cell. 1993 Nov 5;75(3):567-78.
  19. 8600466 Pink JJ, Wu SQ, Wolf DM, Bilimoria MM, Jordan VC: A novel 80 kDa human estrogen receptor containing a duplication of exons 6 and 7. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996 Mar 1;24(5):962-9.
  20. 8961262 McInerney EM, Ince BA, Shapiro DJ, Katzenellenbogen BS: A transcriptionally active estrogen receptor mutant is a novel type of dominant negative inhibitor of estrogen action. Mol Endocrinol. 1996 Dec;10(12):1519-26.
  21. 9195227 Anderson TI, Wooster R, Laake K, Collins N, Warren W, Skrede M, Elles R, Tveit KM, Johnston SR, Dowsett M, Olsen AO, Moller P, Stratton MR, Borresen-Dale AL: Screening for ESR mutations in breast and ovarian cancer patients. Hum Mutat. 1997;9(6):531-6.
  22. 9338790 Brzozowski AM, Pike AC, Dauter Z, Hubbard RE, Bonn T, Engstrom O, Ohman L, Greene GL, Gustafsson JA, Carlquist M: Molecular basis of agonism and antagonism in the oestrogen receptor. Nature. 1997 Oct 16;389(6652):753-8.
  23. 9600906 Tanenbaum DM, Wang Y, Williams SP, Sigler PB: Crystallographic comparison of the estrogen and progesterone receptor's ligand binding domains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 May 26;95(11):5998-6003.
  24. 9619507 Maalouf GJ, Xu W, Smith TF, Mohr SC: Homology model for the ligand-binding domain of the human estrogen receptor. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 1998 Apr;15(5):841-51.
  25. 9875847 Shiau AK, Barstad D, Loria PM, Cheng L, Kushner PJ, Agard DA, Greene GL: The structural basis of estrogen receptor/coactivator recognition and the antagonism of this interaction by tamoxifen. Cell. 1998 Dec 23;95(7):927-37.
Target 1 Drug References
  1. Rabe T, Bohlmann MK, Rehberger-Schneider S, Prifti S: Induction of estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta activities by synthetic progestins. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2000 Apr;14(2):118-26. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Yamasaki K, Takeyoshi M, Yakabe Y, Sawaki M, Imatanaka N, Takatsuki M: Comparison of reporter gene assay and immature rat uterotrophic assay of twenty-three chemicals. Toxicology. 2002 Jan 15;170(1-2):21-30. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Yamasaki K, Takeyoshi M, Sawaki M, Imatanaka N, Shinoda K, Takatsuki M: Immature rat uterotrophic assay of 18 chemicals and Hershberger assay of 30 chemicals. Toxicology. 2003 Feb 1;183(1-3):93-115. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Jeng MH, Parker CJ, Jordan VC: Estrogenic potential of progestins in oral contraceptives to stimulate human breast cancer cell proliferation. Cancer Res. 1992 Dec 1;52(23):6539-46. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Jordan VC, Jeng MH, Catherino WH, Parker CJ: The estrogenic activity of synthetic progestins used in oral contraceptives. Cancer. 1993 Feb 15;71(4 Suppl):1501-5. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 2 [top]
Target 2 ID 556
Target 2 Name Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor
Target 2 Synonyms
  1. Alpha 1A- adrenoreceptor
  2. Alpha 1A-adrenoceptor
  3. Alpha adrenergic receptor 1c
  4. Alpha-1C adrenergic receptor
Target 2 Gene Name ADRA1A
Target 2 Protein Sequence >Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor 
MVFLSGNASDSSNCTQPPAPVNISKAILLGVILGGLILFGVLGNILVILSVACHRHLHSV
THYYIVNLAVADLLLTSTVLPFSAIFEVLGYWAFGRVFCNIWAAVDVLCCTASIMGLCII
SIDRYIGVSYPLRYPTIVTQRRGLMALLCVWALSLVISIGPLFGWRQPAPEDETICQINE
EPGYVLFSALGSFYLPLAIILVMYCRVYVVAKRESRGLKSGLKTDKSDSEQVTLRIHRKN
APAGGSGMASAKTKTHFSVRLLKFSREKKAAKTLGIVVGCFVLCWLPFFLVMPIGSFFPD
FKPSETVFKIVFWLGYLNSCINPIIYPCSSQEFKKAFQNVLRIQCLCRKQSSKHALGYTL
HPPSQAVEGQHKDMVRIPVGSRETFYRISKTDGVCEWKFFSSMPRGSARITVSKDQSSCT
TARVRSKSFLQVCCCVGPSTPSLDKNHQVPTIKVHTISLSENGEEV
Target 2 Number of Residues 473
Target 2 Molecular Weight 51487
Target 2 Theoretical pI 9.23
Target 2 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity
rhodopsin-like receptor activity
amine receptor activity
adrenoceptor activity
alpha-adrenergic receptor activity
alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 2 General Function Involved in alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity
Target 2 Specific Function This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins
Target 2 Pathways Not Available
Target 2 Reactions Not Available
Target 2 Pfam Domain Function
Target 2 Signals
  • None
Target 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • 28-51
  • 65-88
  • 100-122
  • 144-167
  • 182-205
  • 274-297
  • 306-329
Target 2 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 2 GenBank ID Protein 433201 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P35348 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ADA1A_HUMAN Link Image
Target 2 PDB ID Not Available
Target 2 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 2 Gene Sequence >1401 bp 
ATGGTGTTTCTCTCGGGAAATGCTTCCGACAGCTCCAACTGCACCCAACCGCCGGCACCG
GTGAACATTTCCAAGGCCATTCTGCTCGGGGTGATCTTGGGGGGCCTCATTCTTTTCGGG
GTGCTGGGTAACATCCTAGTGATCCTCTCCGTAGCCTGTCACCGACACCTGCACTCAGTC
ACGCACTACTACATCGTCAACCTGGCGGTGGCCGACCTCCTGCTCACCTCCACGGTGCTG
CCCTTCTCCGCCATCTTCGAGGTCCTAGGCTACTGGGCCTTCGGCAGGGTCTTCTGCAAC
ATCTGGGCGGCAGTGGATGTGCTGTGCTGCACCGCGTCCATCATGGGCCTCTGCATCATC
TCCATCGACCGCTACATCGGCGTGAGCTACCCGCTGCGCTACCCAACCATCGTCACCCAG
AGGAGGGGTCTCATGGCTCTGCTCTGCGTCTGGGCACTCTCCCTGGTCATATCCATTGGA
CCCCTGTTCGGCTGGAGGCAGCCGGCCCCCGAGGACGAGACCATCTGCCAGATCAACGAG
GAGCCGGGCTACGTGCTCTTCTCAGCGCTGGGCTCCTTCTACCTGCCTCTGGCCATCATC
CTGGTCATGTACTGCCGCGTCTACGTGGTGGCCAAGAGGGAGAGCCGGGGCCTCAAGTCT
GGCCTCAAGACCGACAAGTCGGACTCGGAGCAAGTGACGCTCCGCATCCATCGGAAAAAC
GCCCCGGCAGGAGGCAGCGGGATGGCCAGCGCCAAGACCAAGACGCACTTCTCAGTGAGG
CTCCTCAAGTTCTCCCGGGAGAAGAAAGCGGCCAAAACGCTGGGCATCGTGGTCGGCTGC
TTCGTCCTCTGCTGGCTGCCTTTTTTCTTAGTCATGCCCATTGGGTCTTTCTTCCCTGAT
TTCAAGCCCTCTGAAACAGTTTTTAAAATAGTATTTTGGCTCGGATATCTAAACAGCTGC
ATCAACCCCATCATATACCCATGCTCCAGCCAAGAGTTCAAAAAGGCCTTTCAGAATGTC
TTGAGAATCCAGTGTCTCCGCAGAAAGCAGTCTTCCAAACATGCCCTGGGCTACACCCTG
CACCCGCCCAGCCAGGCCGTGGAAGGGCAACACAAGGACATGGTGCGCATCCCCGTGGGA
TCAAGAGAGACCTTCTACAGGATCTCCAAGACGGATGGCGTTTGTGAATGGAAATTTTTC
TCTTCCATGCCCCGTGGATCTGCCAGGATTACAGTGTCCAAAGACCAATCCTCCTGTACC
ACAGCCCGGGTGAGAAGTAAAAGCTTTTTGGAGGTCTGCTGCTGTGTAGGGCCCTCAACC
CCCAGCCTTGACAAGAACCATCAAGTTCCAACCATTAAGGTCCACACCATCTCCCTCAGT
GAGAACGGGGAGGAAGTCTAG
Target 2 GenBank Gene ID
Target 2 GeneCard ID ADRA1A Link Image
Target 2 GenAtlas ID ADRA1A Link Image
Target 2 HGNC ID HGNC:277 Link Image
Target 2 Chromosome Location 8
Target 2 Locus 8p21-p11.2
Target 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 2 General References
  1. Hirasawa A, Shibata K, Horie K, Takei Y, Obika K, Tanaka T, Muramoto N, Takagaki K, Yano J, Tsujimoto G: Cloning, functional expression and tissue distribution of human alpha 1c-adrenoceptor splice variants. FEBS Lett. 1995 Apr 24;363(3):256-60. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Schwinn DA, Johnston GI, Page SO, Mosley MJ, Wilson KH, Worman NP, Campbell S, Fidock MD, Furness LM, Parry-Smith DJ, et al.: Cloning and pharmacological characterization of human alpha-1 adrenergic receptors: sequence corrections and direct comparison with other species homologues. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1995 Jan;272(1):134-42. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Weinberg DH, Trivedi P, Tan CP, Mitra S, Perkins-Barrow A, Borkowski D, Strader CD, Bayne M: Cloning, expression and characterization of human alpha adrenergic receptors alpha 1a, alpha 1b and alpha 1c. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Jun 30;201(3):1296-304. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Forray C, Bard JA, Wetzel JM, Chiu G, Shapiro E, Tang R, Lepor H, Hartig PR, Weinshank RL, Branchek TA, et al.: The alpha 1-adrenergic receptor that mediates smooth muscle contraction in human prostate has the pharmacological properties of the cloned human alpha 1c subtype. Mol Pharmacol. 1994 Apr;45(4):703-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Hirasawa A, Horie K, Tanaka T, Takagaki K, Murai M, Yano J, Tsujimoto G: Cloning, functional expression and tissue distribution of human cDNA for the alpha 1C-adrenergic receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Sep 15;195(2):902-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Tseng-Crank J, Kost T, Goetz A, Hazum S, Roberson KM, Haizlip J, Godinot N, Robertson CN, Saussy D: The alpha 1C-adrenoceptor in human prostate: cloning, functional expression, and localization to specific prostatic cell types. Br J Pharmacol. 1995 Aug;115(8):1475-85. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Chang DJ, Chang TK, Yamanishi SS, Salazar FH, Kosaka AH, Khare R, Bhakta S, Jasper JR, Shieh IS, Lesnick JD, Ford AP, Daniels DV, Eglen RM, Clarke DE, Bach C, Chan HW: Molecular cloning, genomic characterization and expression of novel human alpha1A-adrenoceptor isoforms. FEBS Lett. 1998 Jan 30;422(2):279-83. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 2 Drug References
  1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 3 [top]
Target 3 ID 614
Target 3 Name Progesterone receptor
Target 3 Synonyms
  1. PR
Target 3 Gene Name PGR
Target 3 Protein Sequence >Progesterone receptor 
MTELKAKGPRAPHVAGGPPSPEVGSPLLCRPAAGPFPGSQTSDTLPEVSAIPISLDGLLF
PRPCQGQDPSDEKTQDQQSLSDVEGAYSRAEATRGAGGSSSSPPEKDSGLLDSVLDTLLA
PSGPGQSQPSPPACEVTSSWCLFGPELPEDPPAAPATQRVLSPLMSRSGCKVGDSSGTAA
AHKVLPRGLSPARQLLLPASESPHWSGAPVKPSPQAAAVEVEEEDGSESEESAGPLLKGK
PRALGGAAAGGGAAAVPPGAAAGGVALVPKEDSRFSAPRVALVEQDAPMAPGRSPLATTV
MDFIHVPILPLNHALLAARTRQLLEDESYDGGAGAASAFAPPRSSPCASSTPVAVGDFPD
CAYPPDAEPKDDAYPLYSDFQPPALKIKEEEEGAEASARSPRSYLVAGANPAAFPDFPLG
PPPPLPPRATPSRPGEAAVTAAPASASVSSASSSGSTLECILYKAEGAPPQQGPFAPPPC
KAPGASGCLLPRDGLPSTSASAAAAGAAPALYPALGLNGLPQLGYQAAVLKEGLPQVYPP
YLNYLRPDSEASQSPQYSFESLPQKICLICGDEASGCHYGVLTCGSCKVFFKRAMEGQHN
YLCAGRNDCIVDKIRRKNCPACRLRKCCQAGMVLGGRKFKKFNKVRVVRALDAVALPQPV
GVPNESQALSQRFTFSPGQDIQLIPPLINLLMSIEPDVIYAGHDNTKPDTSSSLLTSLNQ
LGERQLLSVVKWSKSLPGFRNLHIDDQITLIQYSWMSLMVFGLGWRSYKHVSGQMLYFAP
DLILNEQRMKESSFYSLCLTMWQIPQEFVKLQVSQEEFLCMKVLLLLNTIPLEGLRSQTQ
FEEMRSSYIRELIKAIGLRQKGVVSSSQRFYQLTKLLDNLHDLVKQLHLYCLNTFIQSRA
LSVEFPEMMSEVIAAQLPKILAGMVKPLLFHKK
Target 3 Number of Residues 948
Target 3 Molecular Weight 98982
Target 3 Theoretical pI 6.45
Target 3 GO Classification
Function
steroid binding
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
ligand-dependent nuclear receptor activity
steroid hormone receptor activity
binding
nucleic acid binding
DNA binding
transcription factor activity
Process
regulation of biological process
regulation of physiological process
regulation of metabolism
regulation of cellular metabolism
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
regulation of transcription
regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
Component
organelle
membrane-bound organelle
intracellular membrane-bound organelle
nucleus
Target 3 General Function Involved in transcription factor activity
Target 3 Specific Function The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues
Target 3 Pathways Not Available
Target 3 Reactions Not Available
Target 3 Pfam Domain Function
Target 3 Signals
  • None
Target 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 3 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 3 GenBank ID Protein 35652 Link Image
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P06401 Link Image
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PRGR_HUMAN Link Image
Target 3 PDB ID 1SQN Link Image
Target 3 PDB File Show
Target 3 3D Structure
Target 3 Cellular Location
  • Nucleus
Target 3 Gene Sequence >2802 bp 
ATGACTGAGCTGAAGGCAAAGGGTCCCCGGGCTCCCCACGTGGCGGGCGGCCCGCCCTCC
CCCGAGGTCGGATCCCCACTGCTGTGTCGCCCAGCCGCAGGTCCGTTCCCGGGGAGCCAG
ACCTCGGACACCTTGCCTGAAGTTTCGGCCATACCTATCTCCCTGGACGGGCTACTCTTC
CCTCGGCCCTGCCAGGGACAGGACCCCTCCGACGAAAAGACGCAGGACCAGCAGTCGCTG
TCGGACGTGGAGGGCGCATATTCCAGAGCTGAAGCTACAAGGGGTGCTGGAGGCAGCAGT
TCTAGTCCCCCAGAAAAGGACAGCGGACTGCTGGACAGTGTCTTGGACACTCTGTTGGCG
CCCTCAGGTCCCGGGCAGAGCCAACCCAGCCCTCCCGCCTGCGAGGTCACCAGCTCTTGG
TGCCTGTTTGGCCCCGAACTTCCCGAAGATCCACCGGCTGCCCCCGCCACCCAGCGGGTG
TTGTCCCCGCTCATGAGCCGGTCCGGGTGCAAGGTTGGAGACAGCTCCGGGACGGCAGCT
GCCCATAAAGTGCTGCCCCGGGGCCTGTCACCAGCCCGGCAGCTGCTGCTCCCGGCCTCT
GAGAGCCCTCACTGGTCCGGGGCCCCAGTGAAGCCGTCTCCGCAGGCCGCTGCGGTGGAG
GTTGAGGAGGAGGATAGCTCTGAGTCCGAGGAGTCTGCGGGTCCGCTTCTGAAGGGCAAA
CCTCGGGCTCTGGGTGGCGCGGCGGCTGGAGGAGGAGCCGCGGCTTGTCCGCCGGGGGCG
GCAGCAGGAGGCGTCGCCCTGGTCCCCAAGGAAGATTCCCGCTTCTCAGCGCCCAGGGTC
GCCCTGGTGGAGCAGGACGCGCCGATGGCGCCCGGGCGCTCCCCGCTGGCCACCACGGTG
ATGGATTTCATCCACGTGCCTATCCTGCCTCTCAATCACGCCTTATTGGCAGCCCGCACT
CGGCAGCTGCTGGAAGACGAAAGTTACGACGGCGGGGCCGGGGCTGCCAGCGCCTTTGCC
CCGCCGCGGACTTCACCCTGTGCCTCGTCCACCCCGGTCGCTGTAGGCGACTTCCCCGAC
TGCGCGTACCCGCCCGACGCCGAGCCCAAGGACGACGCGTACCCTCTCTATAGCGACTTC
CAGCCGCCCGCTCTAAAGATAAAGGAGGAGGAGGAAGGCGCGGAGGCCTCCGCGCGCTCC
CCGCGTTCCTACCTTGTGGCCGGTGCCAACCCCGCAGCCTTCCCGGATTTCCCGTTGGGG
CCACCGCCCCCGCTGCCGCCGCGAGCGACCCCATCCAGACCCGGGGAAGCGGCGGTGACG
GCCGCACCCGCCAGTGCCTCAGTCTCGTCTGCGTCCTCCTCGGGGTCGACCCTGGAGTGC
ATCCTGTACAAAGCGGAGGGCGCGCCGCCCCAGCAGGGCCCGTTCGCGCCGCCGCCCTGC
AAGGCGCCGGGCGCGAGCGGCTGCCTGCTCCCGCGGGACGGCCTGCCCTCCACCTCCGCC
TCTGCCGCCGCCGCCGGGGCGGCCCCCGCGCTCTACCCTGCACTCGGCCTCAACGGGCTC
CCGCAGCTCGGCTACCAGGCCGCCGTGCTCAAGGAGGGCCTGCCGCAGGTCTACCCGCCC
TATCTCAACTACCTGAGGCCGGATTCAGAAGCCAGCCAGAGCCCACAATACAGCTTCGAG
TCATTACCTCAGAAGATTTGTTTAATCTGTGGGGATGAAGCATCAGGCTGTCATTATGGT
GTCCTTACCTGTGGGAGCTGTAAGGTCTTCTTTAAGAGGGCAATGGAAGGGCAGCACAAC
TACTTATGTGCTGGAAGAAATGACTGCATCGTTGATAAAATCCGCAGAAAAAACTGCCCA
GCATGTCGCCTTAGAAAGTGCTGTCAGGCTGGCATGGTCCTTGGAGGTCGAAAATTTAAA
AAGTTCAATAAAGTCAGAGTTGTGAGAGCACTGGATGCTGTTGCTCTCCCACAGCCATTG
GGCGTTCCAAATGAAAGCCAAGCCCTAAGCCAGAGATTCACTTTTTCACCAGGTCAAGAC
ATACAGTTGATTCCACCACTGATCAACCTGTTAATGAGCATTGAACCAGATGTGATCTAT
GCAGGACATGACAACACAAAACCTGACACCTCCAGTTCTTTGCTGACAAGTCTTAATCAA
CTAGGCGAGAGGCAACTTCTTTCAGTAGTCAAGTGGTCTAAATCATTGCCAGGTTTTCGA
AACTTACATATTGATGACCAGATAACTCTCATTCAGTATTCTTGGATGAGCTTAATGGTG
TTTGGTCTAGGATGGAGATCCTACAAACATGTCAGTGGGCAGATGCTGTATTTTGCACCT
GATCTAATACTAAATGAACAGCGGATGAAAGAATCATCATTCTATTCATTATGCCTTACC
ATGTGGCAGATCCCACAGGAGTTTGTCAAGCTTCAAGTTAGCCAAGAAGAGTTCCTCTGT
ATGAAAGTATTGTTACTTCTTAATACAATTCCTTTGGAAGGGCTACGAAGTCAAACCCAG
TTTGAGGAGATGAGGTCAAGCTACATTAGAGAGCTCATCAAGGCAATTGGTTTGAGGCAA
AAAGGAGTTGTGTCGAGCTCACAGCGTTTCTATCAACTTACAAAACTTCTTGATAACTTG
CATGATCTTGTCAAACAGCTTCATCTGTACTGCTTGAATACATTTATCCAGTCCCGGGCA
CTGAGTGTTGAATTTCCAGAAATGATGTCTGAAGTTATTGCTGCACAATTACCCAAGATA
TTGGCAGGGATGGTGAAACCCCTTCTCTTTCATAAAAAGTGA
Target 3 GenBank Gene ID
Target 3 GeneCard ID PGR Link Image
Target 3 GenAtlas ID PGR Link Image
Target 3 HGNC ID HGNC:8910 Link Image
Target 3 Chromosome Location 11
Target 3 Locus 11q22-q23
Target 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 3 General References
  1. Knotts TA, Orkiszewski RS, Cook RG, Edwards DP, Weigel NL: Identification of a phosphorylation site in the hinge region of the human progesterone receptor and additional amino-terminal phosphorylation sites. J Biol Chem. 2001 Mar 16;276(11):8475-83. Epub 2000 Dec 7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Kastner P, Krust A, Turcotte B, Stropp U, Tora L, Gronemeyer H, Chambon P: Two distinct estrogen-regulated promoters generate transcripts encoding the two functionally different human progesterone receptor forms A and B. EMBO J. 1990 May;9(5):1603-14. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Misrahi M, Atger M, d'Auriol L, Loosfelt H, Meriel C, Fridlansky F, Guiochon-Mantel A, Galibert F, Milgrom E: Complete amino acid sequence of the human progesterone receptor deduced from cloned cDNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987 Mar 13;143(2):740-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Williams SP, Sigler PB: Atomic structure of progesterone complexed with its receptor. Nature. 1998 May 28;393(6683):392-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 3 Drug References
  1. Jeng MH, Parker CJ, Jordan VC: Estrogenic potential of progestins in oral contraceptives to stimulate human breast cancer cell proliferation. Cancer Res. 1992 Dec 1;52(23):6539-46. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Okada H: [Progestogen therapy in the treatment of endometrial cancer--clinical results and mechanism of steroid action] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1988 Apr;15(4 Pt 2-1):924-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Nielsen ST, Conaty JM, DiPasquale G: Progesterone receptor of adult rabbit lung. Pharmacology. 1987;35(4):217-26. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. White JO, Moore PA, Marr W, Elder MG, Lim L: Comparative effects of progesterone, norgestrel, norethisterone and tamoxifen on the abnormal uterus of the anovulatory rat. Biochem J. 1982 Oct 15;208(1):199-204. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Corson SL: Efficacy and safety of a monophasic and a triphasic oral contraceptive containing norgestimate. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994 May;170(5 Pt 2):1556-61. [PubMed Link Image]

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.