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Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-06-13 13:24:05
Update Date 2009-04-16 16:47:30
Primary Accession Number DB00158
Secondary Accession Number
  • NUTR00025
Name Folic Acid
Drug Type
  • Approved
  • Nutraceutical
  • Small Molecule
Description A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (poaceae). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia. [PubChem]
Synonyms
  1. Folate
  2. PGA
  3. Pteroyl-L-glutamic acid
  4. Pteroyl-L-monoglutamic acid
  5. Pteroylglutamic acid
  6. Pteroylmonoglutamic acid
  7. Vitamin B9
  8. Vitamin Bc
  9. Vitamin Be
  10. Vitamin M
Brand Names
  1. Acifolic
  2. Apo-Folic
  3. Cytofol
  4. Dosfolat B activ
  5. Folacid
  6. Folacin
  7. Folbal
  8. Folcidin
  9. Foldine
  10. Folettes
  11. Foliamin
  12. Folicet
  13. Folipac
  14. Folsan
  15. Folsaure
  16. Folsav
  17. Folvite
  18. Folvron
  19. Incafolic
  20. Millafol
Brand Mixtures Not Available
Chemical IUPAC Name (2S)-2-[[4-[(2-amino-4-oxo-1H-pteridin-6-yl)methylamino]benzoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid
Chemical Formula C19H19N7O6
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 59-30-3
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C19H19N7O6/c20-19-25-15-14(17(30)26-19)23-11(8-22-15)7-21-10-3-1-9(2-4-10)16(29)24-12(18(31)32)5-6-13(27)28/h1-4,8,12,21H,5-7H2,(H,24,29)(H,27,28)(H,31,32)(H3,20,22,25,26,30)/t12-/m0/s1/f/h24-25,27,31H,20H2
InChI Key OVBPIULPVIDEAO-MIBLXQRJDO
KEGG Drug D00070 Link Image
KEGG Compound C00504 Link Image
PubChem Compound 6037 Link Image
PubChem Substance 3787 Link Image
ChEBI ID 27470 Link Image
PharmGKB ID PA449692 Link Image
HET ID FOL Link Image
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] Not Available
RxList Link Not Available
PDRhealth Link http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/fol_0110.shtml Link Image
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folic_Acid Link Image
FDA Label Not Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Synthesis Reference Not Available
Average Molecular Weight 441.3975
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 441.1397
State Solid
Melting Point 250 oC
Experimental Water Solubility Slight Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 7.61e-02 mg/mL Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity -2.5 Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP -0.04 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS Not Available
Predicted LogS -3.76 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability Not Available
pKa/Isoelectric Point Not Available
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID 1VIF Link Image
Experimental PDB File Show
Experimental PDB Structure
Isomeric SMILES NC1=NC(=O)C2=NC(CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)=CN=C2N1
Canonical SMILES NC1=NC(=O)C2=NC(CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)=CN=C2N1
Drug Category
  • Dietary supplement
  • Hematinics
  • Micronutrient
  • Vitamin B Complex
ATC Codes
AHFS Codes
  • 88:08.00
Indication For treatment of folic acid deficiency, megaloblastic anemia and in anemias of nutritional supplements, pregnancy, infancy, or childhood.
Pharmacology Folic acid, a water-soluble B-complex vitamin, is found in foods such as liver, kidneys, yeast, and leafy, green vegetables. Folic acid is used to diagnose folate deficiency and to treat topical sprue and megaloblastic and macrocytic anemias, hematologic complications resulting from a deficiency in folic acid.
Mechanism of Action Folic acid, as it is biochemically inactive, is converted to tetrahydrofolic acid and methyltetrahydrofolate by dihydrofolate reductase. These folic acid congeners are transported across cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis where they are needed to maintain normal erythropoiesis, synthesize purine and thymidylate nucleic acids, interconvert amino acids, methylate tRNA, and generate and use formate. Using vitamin B12 as a cofactor, folic acid can normalize high homocysteine levels by remethylation of homocysteine to methionine via methionine synthetase.
Absorption Not Available
Toxicity IPR-MUS LD50 85 mg/kg,IVN-GPG LD50 120 mg/kg, IVN-MUS LD50 239 mg/kg, IVN-RAT LD50 500 mg/kg, IVN-RBT LD50 410 mg/kg
Protein Binding Very high to plasma protein
Biotransformation Hepatic
Half Life Not Available
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Capsule Oral
Liquid Intravenous
Tablet Oral
Patient Information Not Available
Contraindications Not Available
Interactions Show Link Image
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Amobarbital Folic acid decreases the effect of anticonvulsant
Aprobarbital Folic acid decreases the effect of anticonvulsant
Butabarbital Folic acid decreases the effect of anticonvulsant
Butalbital Folic acid decreases the effect of anticonvulsant
Butethal Folic acid decreases the effect of anticonvulsant
Dihydroquinidine barbiturate Folic acid decreases the effect of anticonvulsant
Ethotoin Folic acid decreases the levels of hydantoin
Fosphenytoin Folic acid decreases the levels of hydantoin
Heptabarbital Folic acid decreases the effect of anticonvulsant
Hexobarbital Folic acid decreases the effect of anticonvulsant
Mephenytoin Folic acid decreases the levels of hydantoin
Methohexital Folic acid decreases the effect of anticonvulsant
Methylphenobarbital Folic acid decreases the effect of anticonvulsant
Pentobarbital Folic acid decreases the effect of anticonvulsant
Phenobarbital Folic acid decreases the effect of anticonvulsant
Phenytoin Folic acid decreases the levels of hydantoin
Primidone Folic acid decreases the effect of anticonvulsant
Quinidine barbiturate Folic acid decreases the effect of anticonvulsant
Secobarbital Folic acid decreases the effect of anticonvulsant
Talbutal Folic acid decreases the effect of anticonvulsant
Food Interactions Not Available
Pathways Not Available
General References
  1. Alaimo K, McDowell MA, Briefel RR, Bischof AM, Caughman CR, Loria CM, Johnson CL: Dietary intake of vitamins, minerals, and fiber of persons ages 2 months and over in the United States: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Phase 1, 1988-91. Adv Data. 1994 Nov 14;(258):1-28. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Raiten DJ, Fisher KD: Assessment of folate methodology used in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994). J Nutr. 1995 May;125(5):1371S-1398S. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Zittoun J: [Anemias due to disorder of folate, vitamin B12 and transcobalamin metabolism] Rev Prat. 1993 Jun 1;43(11):1358-63. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Kamen B: Folate and antifolate pharmacology. Semin Oncol. 1997 Oct;24(5 Suppl 18):S18-30-S18-39. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Fenech M, Aitken C, Rinaldi J: Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine status and DNA damage in young Australian adults. Carcinogenesis. 1998 Jul;19(7):1163-71. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Wikipedia Link Image
  7. PDRhealth Link Image
Organisms Affected
  • Humans and other mammals
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzymes
  1. Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT)
  2. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
Targets
  1. Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase
  2. Folate receptor beta
  3. Folate receptor gamma
  4. Mitochondrial folate transporter/carrier
  5. Heme carrier protein 1
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 Name Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT)
Enzyme 1 Gene Name COMT
Enzyme 1 SwissProt ID P21964 Link Image
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >COMT ( catecol-O-methyl-transferase) 
MPEAPPLLLAAVLLGLVLLVVLLLLLRHWGWGLCLIGWNEFILQPIHNLLMGDTKEQRIL
NHVLQHAEPGNAQSVLEAIDTYCEQKEWAMNVGDKKGKIVDAVIQEHQPSVLLELGAYCG
YSAVRMARLLSPGARLITIEINPDCAAITQRMVDFAGVKDKVTLVVGASQDIIPQLKKKY
DVDTLDMVFLDHWKDRYLPDTLLLEECGLLRKGTVLLADNVICPGAPDFLAHVRGSSCFE
CTHYQSFLEYREVVDGLEKAIYKGPGSEAGP
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 Name Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
Enzyme 2 Gene Name MTHFR
Enzyme 2 SwissProt ID P42898 Link Image
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >sp|P42898|MTHR_HUMAN Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 
MVNEARGNSSLNPCLEGSASSGSESSKDSSRCSTPGLDPERHERLREKMRRRLESGDKWF
SLEFFPPRTAEGAVNLISRFDRMAAGGPLYIDVTWHPAGDPGSDKETSSMMIASTAVNYC
GLETILHMTCCRQRLEEITGHLHKAKQLGLKNIMALRGDPIGDQWEEEEGGFNYAVDLVK
HIRSEFGDYFDICVAGYPKGHPEAGSFEADLKHLKEKVSAGADFIITQLFFEADTFFRFV
KACTDMGITCPIVPGIFPIQGYHSLRQLVKLSKLEVPQEIKDVIEPIKDNDAAIRNYGIE
LAVSLCQELLASGLVPGLHFYTLNREMATTEVLKRLGMWTEDPRRPLPWALSAHPKRREE
DVRPIFWASRPKSYIYRTQEWDEFPNGRWGNSSSPAFGELKDYYLFYLKSKSPKEELLKM
WGEELTSEESVFEVFVLYLSGEPNRNGHKVTCLPWNDEPLAAETSLLKEELLRVNRQGIL
TINSQPNINGKPSSDPIVGWGPSGGYVFQKAYLEFFTSRETAEALLQVLKKYELRVNYHL
VNVKGENITNAPELQPNAVTWGIFPGREIIQPTVVDPVSFMFWKDEAFALWIERWGKLYE
EESPSRTIIQYIHDNYFLVNLVDNDFPLDNCLWQVVEDTLELLNRPTQNARETEAP
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 293
Target 1 Name Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. Conjugase
  2. EC 3.4.19.9
  3. GH
  4. Gamma-Glu-X carboxypeptidase
  5. Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase precursor
Target 1 Gene Name GGH
Target 1 Protein Sequence >Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase precursor 
MASPGCLLCVLGLLLCGAASLELSRPHGDTAKKPIIGILMQKCRNKVMKNYGRYYIAASY
VKYLESAGARVVPVRLDLTEKDYEILFKSINGILFPGGSVDLRRSDYAKVAKIFYNLSIQ
SFDDGDYFPVWGTCLGFEELSLLISGECLLTATDTVDVAMPLNFTGGQLHSRMFQNFPTE
LLLSLAVEPLTANFHKWSLSVKNFTMNEKLKKFFNVLTTNTDGKIEFISTMEGYKYPVYG
VQWHPEKAPYEWKNLDGISHAPNAVKTAFYLAEFFVNEARKNNHHFKSESEEEKALIYQF
SPIYTGNISSFQQCYIFD
Target 1 Number of Residues 323
Target 1 Molecular Weight 35965
Target 1 Theoretical pI 7.14
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
catalytic activity
Process
physiological process
metabolism
cellular metabolism
amino acid and derivative metabolism
amino acid metabolism
glutamine family amino acid metabolism
glutamine metabolism
Component
Not Available
Target 1 General Function Involved in gamma-gluatmyl hydrolase activity
Target 1 Specific Function Hydrolyzes the polyglutamate sidechains of pteroylpolyglutamates. Progressively removes gamma-glutamyl residues from pteroylpoly-gamma-glutamate to yield pteroyl-alpha- glutamate (folic acid) and free glutamate. May play an important role in the bioavailability of dietary pteroylpolyglutamates and in the metabolism of pteroylpolyglutamates and antifolates
Target 1 Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Folate biosynthesis map00790 Link Image
Target 1 Reactions
  • Hydrolysis of a gamma-glutamyl bond ALL_REAC (other) R04242
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function
Target 1 Signals
  • 1-24
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 1 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein 2951931 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q92820 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name GGH_HUMAN Link Image
Target 1 PDB ID 1L9X Link Image
Target 1 PDB File Show
Target 1 3D Structure
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Secreted protein
  • extracellular space. Lysosome. While its intracellular location is primarily the l
Target 1 Gene Sequence >957 bp 
ATGGCCAGTCCGGGCTGCCTGCTGTGCGTGCTGGGCCTGCTACTCTGCGGGGCGGCGAGC
CTCGAGCTGTCTAGACCCCACGGCGACACCGCCAAGAAGCCCATCATCGGAATATTAATG
CAAAAATGCCGTAATAAAGTCATGAAAAACTATGGAAGATACTATATTGCTGCGTCCTAT
GTAAAGTACTTGGAGTCTGCAGGTGCGAGAGTTGTACCAGTAAGGCTGGATCTTACAGAG
AAAGACTATGAAATACTTTTCAAATCTATTAATGGAATCCTTTTCCCTGGAGGAAGTGTT
GACCTCAGACGCTCAGATTATGCTAAAGTGGCCAAAATATTTTATAACTTGTCCATACAG
AGTTTTGATGATGGAGACTATTTTCCTGTGTGGGGCACATGCCTTGGATTTGAAGAGCTT
TCACTGCTGATTAGTGGAGAGTGCTTATTAACTGCCACAGATACTGTTGACGTGGCAATG
CCGCTGAACTTCACTGGAGGTCAATTGCACAGCAGAATGTTCCAGAATTTTCCTACTGAG
TTGTTGCTGTCATTAGCAGTAGAACCTCTGACTGCCAATTTCCATAAGTGGAGCCTCTCC
GTGAAGAATTTTACAATGAATGAAAAGTTAAAGAAGTTTTTCAATGTCTTAACTACAAAT
ACAGATGGCAAGATTGAGTTTATTTCAACAATGGAAGGATATAAGTATCCAGTATATGGT
GTCCAGTGGCATCCAGAGAAAGCACCTTATGAGTGGAAGAATTTGGATGGCATTTCCCAT
GCACCTAATGCTGTGAAAACCGCATTTTATTTAGCAGAGTTTTTTGTTAATGAAGCTCGG
AAAAACAACCATCATTTTAAATCTGAATCTGAAGAGGAGAAAGCATTGATTTATCAGTTC
AGTCCAATTTATACTGGAAATATTTCTTCATTTCAGCAATGTTACATATTTGATTGA
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID GGH Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID GGH Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:4248 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location 8
Target 1 Locus 8q12.3
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 General References
  1. Yin D, Chave KJ, Macaluso CR, Galivan J, Yao R: Structural organization of the human gamma-glutamyl hydrolase gene. Gene. 1999 Oct 1;238(2):463-70. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Yao R, Schneider E, Ryan TJ, Galivan J: Human gamma-glutamyl hydrolase: cloning and characterization of the enzyme expressed in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Sep 17;93(19):10134-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 1 Drug References
  1. Schneider E, Ryan TJ: Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase and drug resistance. Clin Chim Acta. 2006 Dec;374(1-2):25-32. Epub 2006 Jun 10. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Eisele LE, Chave KJ, Lehning AC, Ryan TJ: Characterization of Human gamma-glutamyl hydrolase in solution demonstrates that the enzyme is a non-dissociating homodimer. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Sep;1764(9):1479-86. Epub 2006 Jul 12. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Chen L, Eitenmiller RR: Optimization of the trienzyme extraction for the microbiological assay of folate in vegetables. J Agric Food Chem. 2007 May 16;55(10):3884-8. Epub 2007 Apr 17. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 2 [top]
Target 2 ID 299
Target 2 Name Folate receptor beta
Target 2 Synonyms
  1. FBP
  2. FR-beta
  3. Folate receptor 2
  4. Folate receptor beta precursor
  5. Folate receptor, fetal/placental
  6. Placental folate-binding protein
Target 2 Gene Name FOLR2
Target 2 Protein Sequence >Folate receptor beta precursor 
MVWKWMPLLLLLVCVATMCSAQDRTDLLNVCMDAKHHKTKPGPEDKLHDQCSPWKKNACC
TASTSQELHKDTSRLYNFNWDHCGKMEPACKRHFIQDTCLYECSPNLGPWIQQVNQSWRK
ERFLDVPLCKEDCQRWWEDCHTSHTCKSNWHRGWDWTSGVNKCPAGALCRTFESYFPTPA
ALCEGLWSHSYKVSNYSRGSGRCIQMWFDSAQGNPNEEVARFYAAAMHVNAGEMLHGTGG
LLLSLALMLQLWLLG
Target 2 Number of Residues 259
Target 2 Molecular Weight 29280
Target 2 Theoretical pI 7.56
Target 2 GO Classification Not Available
Target 2 General Function Involved in folic acid binding
Target 2 Specific Function Binds to folate and reduced folic acid derivatives and mediates delivery of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to the interior of cells
Target 2 Pathways Not Available
Target 2 Reactions Not Available
Target 2 Pfam Domain Function
Target 2 Signals
  • 1-16
Target 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 2 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 2 GenBank ID Protein 1655592 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P14207 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name FOLR2_HUMAN Link Image
Target 2 PDB ID Not Available
Target 2 Cellular Location
  • Cell membrane
  • GPI-anchor. Secreted protein (Probable)
  • lipid-anchor
Target 2 Gene Sequence >768 bp 
ATGGTCTGGAAATGGATGCCACTTCTGCTGCTTCTGGTCTGTGTAGCCACCATGTGCAGT
GCCCAGGACAGGACTGATCTCCTCAATGTCTGTATGGATGCCAAGCACCACAAGACAAAG
CCAGGTCCTGAGGACAAGCTGCATGACCAATGCAGTCCCTGGAAGAAGAATGCCTGCTGC
ACAGCCAGCACCAGCCAGGAGCTGCACAAGGACACCTCCCGCCTGTACAACTTTAACTGG
GACCACTGCGGCAAGATGGAGCCCGCCTGCAAGCGCCACTTCATCCAGGACACCTGTCTC
TATGAGTGCTCACCCAACCTGGGGCCCTGGATCCAGCAGGTGAATCAGAGCTGGCGCAAA
GAACGCTTCCTGGATGTGCCCTTATGCAAAGAGGACTGTCAGCGCTGGTGGGAGGATTGT
CACACCTCCCACACGTGCAAGAGCAACTGGCACAGAGGATGGGACTGGACCTCAGGAGTT
AACAAGTGCCCAGCTGGGGCTCTCTGCCGCACCTTTGAGTCCTACTTCCCCACTCCAGCT
GCCCTTTGTGAAGGCCTCTGGAGTCACTCATACAAGGTCAGCAACTACAGCCGAGGGAGC
GGCCGCTGCATCCAGATGTGGTTTGATTCAGCCCAGGGCAACCCCAACGAGGAAGTGGCG
AGGTTCTATGCTGCAGCCATGCATGTGAATGCAGGTGAGATGCTTCATGGGACTGGGGGT
CTCCTGCTCAGTCTGGCCCTGATGCTGCAACTCTGGCTCCTTGGCTGA
Target 2 GenBank Gene ID
Target 2 GeneCard ID FOLR2 Link Image
Target 2 GenAtlas ID FOLR2 Link Image
Target 2 HGNC ID HGNC:3793 Link Image
Target 2 Chromosome Location 11
Target 2 Locus 11q13.3-q13.5
Target 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 2 General References
  1. Freisheim JH, Price EM, Ratnam M: Folate coenzyme and antifolate transport proteins in normal and neoplastic cells. Adv Enzyme Regul. 1989;29:13-26. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Ratnam M, Marquardt H, Duhring JL, Freisheim JH: Homologous membrane folate binding proteins in human placenta: cloning and sequence of a cDNA. Biochemistry. 1989 Oct 3;28(20):8249-54. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Yan W, Ratnam M: Preferred sites of glycosylphosphatidylinositol modification in folate receptors and constraints in the primary structure of the hydrophobic portion of the signal. Biochemistry. 1995 Nov 7;34(44):14594-600. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Sadasivan E, Cedeno MM, Rothenberg SP: Characterization of the gene encoding a folate-binding protein expressed in human placenta. Identification of promoter activity in a G-rich SP1 site linked with the tandemly repeated GGAAG motif for the ets encoded GA-binding protein. J Biol Chem. 1994 Feb 18;269(7):4725-35. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Page ST, Owen WC, Price K, Elwood PC: Expression of the human placental folate receptor transcript is regulated in human tissues. Organization and full nucleotide sequence of the gene. J Mol Biol. 1993 Feb 20;229(4):1175-83. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Wang J, Shen F, Yan W, Wu M, Ratnam M: Proteolysis of the carboxyl-terminal GPI signal independent of GPI modification as a mechanism for selective protein secretion. Biochemistry. 1997 Nov 25;36(47):14583-92. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 2 Drug References
  1. Wlodarczyk BJ, Cabrera RM, Hill DS, Bozinov D, Zhu H, Finnell RH: Arsenic-induced gene expression changes in the neural tube of folate transport defective mouse embryos. Neurotoxicology. 2006 Jul;27(4):547-57. Epub 2006 Apr 18. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Dixit V, Van den Bossche J, Sherman DM, Thompson DH, Andres RP: Synthesis and grafting of thioctic acid-PEG-folate conjugates onto Au nanoparticles for selective targeting of folate receptor-positive tumor cells. Bioconjug Chem. 2006 May-Jun;17(3):603-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Boyles AL, Billups AV, Deak KL, Siegel DG, Mehltretter L, Slifer SH, Bassuk AG, Kessler JA, Reed MC, Nijhout HF, George TM, Enterline DS, Gilbert JR, Speer MC: Neural tube defects and folate pathway genes: family-based association tests of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Oct;114(10):1547-52. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 3 [top]
Target 3 ID 718
Target 3 Name Folate receptor gamma
Target 3 Synonyms
  1. FR-gamma
  2. Folate receptor 3
  3. Folate receptor gamma precursor
Target 3 Gene Name FOLR3
Target 3 Protein Sequence >Folate receptor gamma precursor 
MAWQMMQLLLLALVTAAGSAQPRSARARTDLLNVCMNAKHHKTQPSPEDELYGQCSPWKK
NACCTASTSQELHKDTSRLYNFNWDHCGKMEPTCKRHFIQDSCLYECSPNLGPWIRQVNQ
SWRKERILNVPLCKEDCERWWEDCRTSYTCKSNWHKGWNWTSGINECPAGALCSTFESYF
PTPAALCEGLWSHSFKVSNYSRGSGRCIQMWFDSAQGNPNEEVAKFYAAAMNAGAPSRGI
IDS
Target 3 Number of Residues 247
Target 3 Molecular Weight 27638
Target 3 Theoretical pI 7.88
Target 3 GO Classification Not Available
Target 3 General Function Involved in folic acid binding
Target 3 Specific Function Binds to folate and reduced folic acid derivatives and mediates delivery of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to the interior of cells. Isoform Short does not bind folate
Target 3 Pathways Not Available
Target 3 Reactions Not Available
Target 3 Pfam Domain Function
Target 3 Signals
  • 1-23
Target 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 3 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 3 GenBank ID Protein 473236 Link Image
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P41439 Link Image
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name FOLR3_HUMAN Link Image
Target 3 PDB ID Not Available
Target 3 Cellular Location
  • Secreted protein
Target 3 Gene Sequence >732 bp 
ATGGCCTGGCAGATGATGCAGCTGCTGCTTCTGGCTTTGGTGACTGCTGCGGGGAGTGCC
CAGCCCAGGAGTGCGCGGGCCAGGACGGACCTGCTCAATGTCTGCATGAACGCCAAGCAC
CACAAGACACAGCCCAGCCCCGAGGACGAGCTGTATGGCCAGTGCAGTCCCTGGAAGAAG
AATGCCTGCTGCACGGCCAGCACCAGCCAGGAGCTGCACAAGGACACCTCCCGCCTGTAC
AACTTTAACTGGGATCACTGTGGTAAGATGGAACCCACCTGCAAGCGCCACTTTATCCAG
GACAGCTGTCTCTATGAGTGCTCACCCAACCTGGGGCCCTGGATCCGGCAGGTCAACCAG
AGCTGGCGCAAAGAGCGCATTCTGAACGTGCCCCTGTGCAAAGAGGACTGTGAGCGCTGG
TGGGAGGACTGTCGCACCTCCTACACCTGCAAAAGCAACTGGCACAAAGGCTGGAATTGG
ACCTCAGGGATTAATGAGTGTCCGGCCGGGGCCCTCTGCAGCACCTTTGAGTCCTACTTC
CCCACTCCAGCCGCCCTTTGTGAAGGCCTCTGGAGCCACTCCTTCAAGGTCAGCAACTAT
AGTCGAGGGAGCGGCCGCTGCATCCAGATGTGGTTTGACTCAGCCCAGGGCAACCCCAAT
GAGGAGGTGGCCAAGTTCTATGCTGCGGCCATGAATGCTGGGGCCCCGTCTCGTGGGATT
ATTGATTCCTGA
Target 3 GenBank Gene ID
Target 3 GeneCard ID FOLR3 Link Image
Target 3 GenAtlas ID FOLR3 Link Image
Target 3 HGNC ID HGNC:3795 Link Image
Target 3 Chromosome Location 11
Target 3 Locus 11q13
Target 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 3 General References
  1. Shen F, Wu M, Ross JF, Miller D, Ratnam M: Folate receptor type gamma is primarily a secretory protein due to lack of an efficient signal for glycosylphosphatidylinositol modification: protein characterization and cell type specificity. Biochemistry. 1995 Apr 25;34(16):5660-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Shen F, Ross JF, Wang X, Ratnam M: Identification of a novel folate receptor, a truncated receptor, and receptor type beta in hematopoietic cells: cDNA cloning, expression, immunoreactivity, and tissue specificity. Biochemistry. 1994 Feb 8;33(5):1209-15. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 3 Drug References
  1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Shen F, Wu M, Ross JF, Miller D, Ratnam M: Folate receptor type gamma is primarily a secretory protein due to lack of an efficient signal for glycosylphosphatidylinositol modification: protein characterization and cell type specificity. Biochemistry. 1995 Apr 25;34(16):5660-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Prasad PD, Ramamoorthy S, Moe AJ, Smith CH, Leibach FH, Ganapathy V: Selective expression of the high-affinity isoform of the folate receptor (FR-alpha) in the human placental syncytiotrophoblast and choriocarcinoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Aug 11;1223(1):71-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Shen F, Ross JF, Wang X, Ratnam M: Identification of a novel folate receptor, a truncated receptor, and receptor type beta in hematopoietic cells: cDNA cloning, expression, immunoreactivity, and tissue specificity. Biochemistry. 1994 Feb 8;33(5):1209-15. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 4 [top]
Target 4 ID 804
Target 4 Name Mitochondrial folate transporter/carrier
Target 4 Synonyms
  1. Solute carrier family 25 member 32
Target 4 Gene Name SLC25A32
Target 4 Protein Sequence >Mitochondrial folate transporter/carrier 
MTGQGQSASGSSAWSTVFRHVRYENLIAGVSGGVLSNLALHPLDLVKIRFAVSDGLELRP
KYNGILHCLTTIWKLDGLRGLYQGVTPNIWGAGLSWGLYFFFYNAIKSYKTEGRAERLEA
TEYLVSAAEAGAMTLCITNPLWVTKTRLMLQYDAVVNSPHRQYKGMFDTLVKIYKYEGVR
GLYKGFVPGLFGTSHGALQFMAYELLKLKYNQHINRLPEAQLSTVEYISVAALSKIFAVA
ATYPYQVVRARLQDQHMFYSGVIDVITKTWRKEGVGGFYKGIAPNLIRVTPACCITFVVY
ENVSHFLLDLREKRK
Target 4 Number of Residues 320
Target 4 Molecular Weight 35408
Target 4 Theoretical pI 9.79
Target 4 GO Classification
Function
binding
transporter activity
Process
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
Component
cell
membrane
organelle membrane
organelle inner membrane
mitochondrial inner membrane
Target 4 General Function Involved in folate transporter activity
Target 4 Specific Function Transports folate across the inner membranes of mitochondria
Target 4 Pathways Not Available
Target 4 Reactions Not Available
Target 4 Pfam Domain Function
Target 4 Signals
  • None
Target 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • 89-106
  • 227-243
  • 281-300
Target 4 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 4 GenBank ID Protein 11545417 Link Image
Target 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9H2D1 Link Image
Target 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name MFTC_HUMAN Link Image
Target 4 PDB ID Not Available
Target 4 Cellular Location
  • Mitochondrion
  • mitochondrial inner membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 4 Gene Sequence >948 bp 
ATGACGGGCCAGGGCCAGTCGGCGTCCGGGTCGTCGGCGTGGAGCACGGTATTCCGCCAC
GTCCGGTATGAGAACCTGATAGCGGGCGTGAGCGGCGGCGTCTTATCCAACCTTGCGCTG
CATCCGCTCGACCTCGTGAAGATCCGCTTCGCCGTGAGTGATGGATTGGAACTGAGACCG
AAATATAATGGAATTTTACATTGCTTGACTACCATTTGGAAACTTGATGGACTACGGGGA
CTTTATCAAGGAGTAACCCCAAATATATGGGGTGCAGGTTTATCCTGGGGACTCTACTTT
TTCTTTTACAATGCCATCAAGTCATATAAAACAGAAGGAAGAGCTGAACATTTAGAGGCA
ACAGAATACCTTGTCTCAGCTGCTGAAGCTGGAGCCATGACCCTCTGCATTACAAACCCA
TTATGGGTAACAAAAACTCGCCTTATGTTACAGTATGATGCTGTTGTTAACTCCCCACAC
CGACAATATAAAGGAATGTTTGATACACTTGTGAAAATATATAAGTATGAAGGTGTGCGT
GGATTATATAAGGGATTTGTTCCTGGGCTGTTTGGAACATCGCATGGTGCCCTTCAGTTT
ATGGCATATGAATTGCTGAAGTTGAAGTACAACCAGCATATCAATAGATTACCAGAAGCC
CAGTTGAGCACAGTAGAATATATATCTGTTGCAGCACTATCCAAAATATTTGCTGTCGCA
GCAACATACCCATATCAAGTCGTAAGAGCTCGTCTTCAGGATCAACACATGTTTTACAGT
GGTGTAATAGATGTAATCACAAAGACATGGAGGAAAGAAGGCGTCGGTGGATTTTACAAG
GGAATTGCTCCTAATTTGATTAGAGTGACTCCAGCCTGCTGTATTACCTTTGTGGTATAT
GAAAACGTCTCACATTTTTTACTTGACCTTAGAGAAAAGAGAAAGTAA
Target 4 GenBank Gene ID
Target 4 GeneCard ID SLC25A32 Link Image
Target 4 GenAtlas ID SLC25A32 Link Image
Target 4 HGNC ID HGNC:29683 Link Image
Target 4 Chromosome Location 8
Target 4 Locus 8q22.3
Target 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 4 General References
  1. Titus SA, Moran RG: Retrovirally mediated complementation of the glyB phenotype. Cloning of a human gene encoding the carrier for entry of folates into mitochondria. J Biol Chem. 2000 Nov 24;275(47):36811-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 4 Drug References
  1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 5 [top]
Target 5 ID 1650
Target 5 Name Heme carrier protein 1
Target 5 Synonyms Not Available
Target 5 Gene Name HCP1
Target 5 Protein Sequence >Heme carrier protein 1 
MEGSASPPEKPRARPAAAVLCRGPVEPLVFLANFALVLQGPLTTQYLWHRFSADLGYNGT
RQRGGCSNRSADPTMQEVETLTSHWTLYMNVGGFLVGLFSSTLLGAWSDSVGRRPLLVLA
SLGLLLQALVSVFVVQLQLHVGYFVLGRILCALLGDFGGLLAASFASVADVSSSRSRTFR
MALLEASIGVAGMLASLLGGHWLRAQGYANPFWLALALLIAMTLYAAFCFGETLKEPKST
RLFTFRHHRSIVQLYVAPAPEKSRKHLALYSLAIFVVITVHFGAQDILTLYELSTPLCWD
SKLIGYGSAAQHLPYLTSLLALKLLQYCLADAWVAEIGLAFNILGMVVFAFATITPLMFT
GYGLLFLSLVITPVIRAKLSKLVRETEQGALFSAVACVNSLAMLTASGIFNSLYPATLNF
MKGFPFLLGAGLLLIPAVLIGMLEKADPHLEFQQFPQSP
Target 5 Number of Residues 466
Target 5 Molecular Weight 49771
Target 5 Theoretical pI 8.97
Target 5 GO Classification
Function
transporter activity
Process
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 5 General Function Carbohydrate transport and metabolism
Target 5 Specific Function Intestinal heme transporter which mediates heme uptake from the gut lumen into duodenal epithelial cells; the iron is then released from heme and may be transported into the bloodstream. Dietary heme iron is an important nutritional source of iron
Target 5 Pathways Not Available
Target 5 Reactions Not Available
Target 5 Pfam Domain Function
Target 5 Signals
  • None
Target 5 Transmembrane Regions
  • 87-107
  • 115-135
  • 149-169
  • 183-203
  • 211-231
  • 267-287
  • 303-325
  • 337-357
  • 359-379
  • 390-410
  • 423-443
Target 5 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 5 GenBank ID Protein 16549261 Link Image
Target 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q96NT5 Link Image
Target 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name HCP1_HUMAN Link Image
Target 5 PDB ID Not Available
Target 5 Cellular Location
  • Cell membrane
  • apical cell membrane
  • multi- pass membrane protein. Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane pro
Target 5 Gene Sequence >1380 bp 
ATGGAGGGGAGCGCGAGCCCCCCGGAAAAGCCCCGCGCCCGCCCTGCGGCTGCCGTGCTG
TGCCGGGGCCCGGTAGAGCCGCTGGTCTTCCTGGCCAACTTTGCCTTGGTCCTGCAGGGC
CCGCTCACCACGCAGTATCTGTGGCACCGCTTCAGCGCCGACCTCGGCTACAATGGCACC
CGCCAAAGGGGGGGCTGCAGCAACCGCAGCGCGGACCCCACCATGCAGGAAGTGGAGACC
CTTACCTCCCACTGGACCCTCTACATGAACGTGGGCGGCTTCCTGGTGGGGCTCTTCTCG
TCCACCCTGCTGGGAGCTTGGAGCGACAGTGTGGGCCGCCGCCCGCTGCTAGTGCTGGCC
TCGCTGGGCCTGCTGCTCCAGGCCCTAGTGTCCGTTTTTGTGGTGCAGCTGCAGCTCCAC
GTCGGCTACTTCGTGCTGGGTCGCATCCTTTGTGCCCTCCTCGGCGACTTCGGTGGCCTT
CTGGCTGCTAGCTTTGCGTCCGTGGCAGATGTCAGCTCCAGTCGCAGCCGCACCTTCCGG
ATGGCCCTGCTAGAAGCCAGCATCGGGGTGGCTGGGATGCTGGCAAGCCTCCTCGGGGGC
CACTGGCTCCGGGCCCAGGGTTATGCCAACCCCTTCTGGCTGGCCTTGGCCTTGCTGATA
GCCATGACTCTCTATGCAGCTTTCTGCTTTGGTGAGACCTTAAAGGAGCCAAAGTCCACC
CGGCTCTTCACGTTCCGTCACCACCGATCCATTGTCCAGCTCTATGTGGCTCCCGCCCCA
GAGAAGTCCAGGAAACATTTAGCCCTCTACTCACTGGCCATCTTCGTGGTGATCACTGTG
CACTTTGGGGCCCAGGACATCTTAACCCTTTATGAACTAAGCACACCCCTCTGCTGGGAC
TCCAAACTAATCGGCTATGGTTCTGCAGCTCAGCATCTCCCCTACCTCACCAGCCTGCTG
GCCCTGAAGCTCCTGCAGTACTGCCTGGCCGATGCCTGGGTAGCTGAGATCGGCCTGGCC
TTCAACATCCTGGGGATGGTGGTCTTTGCCTTTGCCACTATCACGCCTCTCATGTTCACA
GGATATGGGTTGCTTTTCCTGTCATTAGTCATCACACCTGTCATCCGGGCTAAACTCTCC
AAGCTGGTGAGAGAGACAGAGCAGGGTGCTCTCTTTTCTGCTGTGGCCTGTGTGAATAGC
CTGGCCATGCTGACGGCCTCCGGCATCTTCAACTCACTCTACCCAGCCACTCTGAACTTT
ATGAAGGGGTTCCCCTTCCTCCTGGGAGCTGGCCTCCTGCTCATCCCGGCTGTTCTGATT
GGGATGCTGGAAAAGGCTGATCCTCACCTCGAGTTCCAGCAGTTTCCCCAGAGCCCCTGA
Target 5 GenBank Gene ID
Target 5 GeneCard ID SLC46A1 Link Image
Target 5 GenAtlas ID SLC46A1 Link Image
Target 5 HGNC ID HGNC:30521 Link Image
Target 5 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 5 Locus Not Available
Target 5 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 5 General References Not Available
Target 5 Drug References
  1. Nakai Y, Inoue K, Abe N, Hatakeyama M, Ohta KY, Otagiri M, Hayashi Y, Yuasa H: Functional characterization of human proton-coupled folate transporter/heme carrier protein 1 heterologously expressed in mammalian cells as a folate transporter. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Aug;322(2):469-76. Epub 2007 May 2. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Ashokkumar B, Mohammed ZM, Vaziri ND, Said HM: Effect of folate oversupplementation on folate uptake by human intestinal and renal epithelial cells. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jul;86(1):159-66. [PubMed Link Image]

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.