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Version 2.5
Creation Date 2007-07-31 13:09:44
Update Date 2009-06-23 18:08:15
Primary Accession Number DB01463
Secondary Accession Number Not Available
Name Fencamfamine
Drug Type
  • Approved
  • Illicit
  • Small Molecule
  • Withdrawn
Description Fencamfamine (Glucoenergan, Reactivan) is a stimulant which was developed in the 1960s as an appetite suppressant, but was later withdrawn for this application due to problems with dependence and abuse. It is around half the potency of dexamphetamine, and is prescribed at a dose of 10-60mg, although abusers of the drug tend to rapidly develop tolerance and escalate their dose. Reactivan is still rarely used for treating depressive day-time fatigue, lack of concentration and lethargy, particularly in individuals who have chronic medical conditions, as its favourable safety profile makes it the most suitable drug in some cases. [Wikipedia]
Synonyms
  1. 2-Aethylamino-3-phenyl-nor-camphan
  2. 2-Ethylamino-3-phenyl-norcamphane hydrochloride
  3. 2-Ethylamino-3-phenylnorcamphane hydrochloride
  4. Fencamfamin
  5. Fencamfamin hydrochloride
  6. Fencamfamina [dcit]
  7. Fencamfamine [inn-french]
  8. Fencamfamine hydrochloride
  9. Fencamfaminum [inn-latin]
  10. Fencanfamina [inn-spanish]
Brand Names
  1. Euvitol
  2. Glucoenergan
  3. Reactivan
Brand Mixtures Not Available
Chemical IUPAC Name N-ethyl-6-phenylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-5-amine
Chemical Formula C15H21N
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 1209-98-9
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C15H21N/c1-2-16-15-13-9-8-12(10-13)14(15)11-6-4-3-5-7-11/h3-7,12-16H,2,8-10H2,1H3
InChI Key IKFBPFGUINLYQI-UHFFFAOYAV
KEGG Drug Not Available
KEGG Compound Not Available
PubChem Compound 14584 Link Image
PubChem Substance 10452544 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
PharmGKB ID Not Available
HET ID Not Available
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] Not Available
RxList Link Not Available
PDRhealth Link Not Available
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencamfamine Link Image
FDA Label Not Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Not Available
Synthesis Reference Not Available
Average Molecular Weight 215.3339
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 215.1674
State Solid
Melting Point Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 2.95e-03 mg/mL Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 3.20 [SANGSTER (1994)] Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP 3.46 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS Not Available
Predicted LogS -4.86 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability Not Available
pKa/Isoelectric Point Not Available
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Isomeric SMILES CCN[C@@H]1[C@H]2CC[C@H](C2)[C@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1
Canonical SMILES CCNC1C2CCC(C2)C1C1=CC=CC=C1
Drug Category
  • Antipsychotic Agents
  • Central Nervous System Stimulants
ATC Codes Not Available
AHFS Codes Not Available
Indication For the the treatment of depressive fatigue in convalescence and other debilitated states as well as in the treatment of depressive day-time fatigue, lack of concentration and lethargy.
Pharmacology Fencamfamine increases drive and mental alertness and an elevation of mood and a general feeling of well-being. It is a central nervous system stimulant, which increases locomotor activity.
Mechanism of Action Fencamfamine acts as an indirect dopamine agonist. It releases dopamine by a similar mechanism to amphetamines, but is 10x less potent than dexamphetamine at producing this effect. The main mechanism of action is instead inhibition of dopamine reuptake, more similar to that of methylphenidate. Also unlike amphetamines, fencamfamine does not inhibit the action of monoamine oxidase enzymes and so is somewhat safer. Some experiments also suggest a role for opioid receptors in the activity of fencamfamine, as low doses can cause paradoxical sedation, and some effects of the drug are blocked by naloxone.
Absorption Not Available
Toxicity Overdosage is characterised by nausea, agitation and restlessness, dryness of the mouth, dizziness and tremor. In gross overdosage the above symptoms may also be associated with dyspnoea, tachycardia, disorientation and convulsions.
Protein Binding Not Available
Biotransformation Not Available
Half Life Not Available
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Syrup Oral
Tablet Oral
Patient Information Not Available
Contraindications Show Link Image
Interactions Not Available
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available
Pathways Not Available
General References
  1. http://home.intekom.com/pharm/merckp/reactivn.html
  2. Wikipedia Link Image
Organisms Affected
  • Humans and other mammals
Targets
  1. Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 713
Target 1 Name Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. DA transporter
  2. DAT
Target 1 Gene Name SLC6A3
Target 1 Protein Sequence >Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 
MSKSKCSVGLMSSVVAPAKEPNAVGPKEVELILVKEQNGVQLTSSTLTNPRQSPVEAQDR
ETWGKKIDFLLSVIGFAVDLANVWRFPYLCYKNGGGAFLVPYLLFMVIAGMPLFYMELAL
GQFNREGAAGVWKICPILKGVGFTVILISLYVGFFYNVIIAWALHYLFSSFTTELPWIHC
NNSWNSPNCSDAHPGDSSGDSSGLNDTFGTTPAAEYFERGVLHLHQSHGIDDLGPPRWQL
TACLVLVIVLLYFSLWKGVKTSGKVVWITATMPYVVLTALLLRGVTLPGAIDGIRAYLSV
DFYRLCEASVWIDAATQVCFSLGVGFGVLIAFSSYNKFTNNCYRDAIVTTSINSLTSFSS
GFVVFSFLGYMAQKHSVPIGDVAKDGPGLIFIIYPEAIATLPLSSAWAVVFFIMLLTLGI
DSAMGGMESVITGLIDEFQLLHRHRELFTLFIVLATFLLSLFCVTNGGIYVFTLLDHFAA
GTSILFGVLIEAIGVAWFYGVGQFSDDIQQMTGQRPSLYWRLCWKLVSPCFLLFVVVVSI
VTFRPPHYGAYIFPDWANALGWVIATSSMAMVPIYAAYKFCSLPGSFREKLAYAIAPEKD
RELVDRGEVRQFTLRHWLKV
Target 1 Number of Residues 630
Target 1 Molecular Weight 68496
Target 1 Theoretical pI 6.92
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
transporter activity
neurotransmitter transporter activity
neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
dopamine:sodium symporter activity
Process
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
neurotransmitter transport
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
integral to plasma membrane
Target 1 General Function Involved in dopamine:sodium symporter activity
Target 1 Specific Function Amine transporter. Terminates the action of dopamine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals
Target 1 Pathways Not Available
Target 1 Reactions Not Available
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function
Target 1 Signals
  • None
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • 69-89
  • 96-116
  • 140-160
  • 238-256
  • 265-282
  • 318-335
  • 347-368
  • 401-420
  • 447-465
  • 481-501
  • 522-541
  • 560-578
Target 1 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein 553260 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q01959 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name SC6A3_HUMAN Link Image
Target 1 PDB ID Not Available
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 1 Gene Sequence >1863 bp 
ATGAGTAAGAGCAAATGCTCCGTGGGACTCATGTCTTCCGTGGTGGCCCCGGCTAAGGAG
CCCAATGCCGTGGGCCCGAAGGAGGTGGAGCTCATCCTTGTCAAGGAGCAGAACGGAGTG
CAGCTCACCAGCTCCACCCTCACCAACCCGCGGCAGAGCCCCGTGGAGGCCCAGGATCGG
GAGACCTGGGGCAAGAAGATCGACTTTCTCCTGTCCGTCATTGGCTTTGCTGTGGACCTG
GCCAACGTCTGGCGGTTCCCCTACCTGTGCTACAAAAATGGTGGCGGTGCCTTCCTGGTC
CCCTACCTGCTCTTCATGGTCATTGCTGGGATGCCACTTTTCTACATGGAGCTGGCCCTC
GGCCAGTTCAACAGGGAAGGGGCCGCTGGTGTCTGGAAGATCTGCCCCATACTGAAAGGT
GTGGGCTTCACGGTCATCCTCATCTCACTGTATGTCGGCTTCTTCTACAACGTCATCATC
GCCTGGGCGCTGCACTATCTCTTCTCCTCCTTCACCACGGAGCTCCCCTGGATCCACTGC
AACAACTCCTGGAACAGCCCCAACTGCTCGGATGCCCATCCTGGTGACTCCAGTGGAGAC
AGCTCGGGCCTCAACGACACTTTTGGGACCACACCTGCTGCCGAGTACTTTGAACGTGGC
GTGCTGCACCTCCACCAGAGCCATGGCATCGACGACCTGGGGCCTCCGCGGTGGCAGCTC
ACAGCCTGCCTGGTGCTGGTCATCGTGCTGCTCTACTTCAGCCTCTGGAAGGGCGTGAAG
ACCTCAGGGAAGGTGGTATGGATCACAGCCACCATGCCATACGTGGTCCTCACTGCCCTG
CTCCTGCGTGGGGTCACCCTCCCTGGAGCCATAGACGGCATCAGAGCATACCTGAGCGTT
GACTTCTACCGGCTCTGCGAGGCGTCTGTTTGGATTGACGCGGCCACCCAGGTGTGCTTC
TCCCTGGGCGTGGGGTTCGGGGTGCTGATCGCCTTCTCCAGCTACAACAAGTTCACCAAC
AACTGCTACAGGGACGCGATTGTCACCACCTCCATCAACTCCCTGACGAGCTTCTCCTCC
GGCTTCGTCGTCTTCTCCTTCCTGGGGTACATGGCACAGAAGCACAGTGTGCCCATCGGG
GACGTGGCCAAGGACGGGCCAGGGCTGATCTTCATCATCTACCCGGAAGCCATCGCCACG
CTCCCTCTGTCCTCAGCCTGGGCCGTGGTCTTCTTCATCATGCTGCTCACCCTGGGTATC
GACAGCGCCATGGGTGGTATGGAGTCAGTGATCACCGGGCTCATCGATGAGTTCCAGCTG
CTGCACAGACACCGTGAGCTCTTCACGCTCTTCATCGTCCTGGCGACCTTCCTCCTGTCC
CTGTTCTGCGTCACCAACGGTGGCATCTACGTCTTCACGCTCCTGGACCATTTTGCAGCC
GGCACGTCCATCCTCTTTGGAGTGCTCATCGAAGCCATCGGAGTGGCCTGGTTCTATGGT
GTTGGGCAGTTCAGCGACGACATCCAGCAGATGACCGGGCAGCGGCCCAGCCTGTACTGG
CGGCTGTGCTGGAAGCTGGTCAGCCCCTGCTTTCTCCTGTTCGTGGTCGTGGTCAGCATT
GTGACCTTCAGACCCCCCCACTACGGAGCCTACATCTTCCCCGACTGGGCCAACGCGCTG
GGCTGGGTCATCGCCACATCCTCCATGGCCATGGTGCCCATCTATGCGGCCTACAAGTTC
TGCAGCCTGCCTGGGTCCTTTCGAGAGAAACTGGCCTACGCCATTGCACCCGAGAAGGAC
CGTGAGCTGGTGGACAGAGGGGAGGTGCGCCAGTTCACGCTCCGCCACTGGCTCAAGGTG
TAG
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID SLC6A3 Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID SLC6A3 Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:11049 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location 5
Target 1 Locus 5p15.3
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 General References
  1. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Vandenbergh DJ, Thompson MD, Cook EH, Bendahhou E, Nguyen T, Krasowski MD, Zarrabian D, Comings D, Sellers EM, Tyndale RF, George SR, O'Dowd BF, Uhl GR: Human dopamine transporter gene: coding region conservation among normal, Tourette's disorder, alcohol dependence and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder populations. Mol Psychiatry. 2000 May;5(3):283-92. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Greenwood TA, Alexander M, Keck PE, McElroy S, Sadovnick AD, Remick RA, Kelsoe JR: Evidence for linkage disequilibrium between the dopamine transporter and bipolar disorder. Am J Med Genet. 2001 Mar 8;105(2):145-51. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Torres GE, Yao WD, Mohn AR, Quan H, Kim KM, Levey AI, Staudinger J, Caron MG: Functional interaction between monoamine plasma membrane transporters and the synaptic PDZ domain-containing protein PICK1. Neuron. 2001 Apr;30(1):121-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Bannon MJ, Poosch MS, Xia Y, Goebel DJ, Cassin B, Kapatos G: Dopamine transporter mRNA content in human substantia nigra decreases precipitously with age. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Aug 1;89(15):7095-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Vandenbergh DJ, Persico AM, Uhl GR: A human dopamine transporter cDNA predicts reduced glycosylation, displays a novel repetitive element and provides racially-dimorphic TaqI RFLPs. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1992 Sep;15(1-2):161-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Giros B, el Mestikawy S, Godinot N, Zheng K, Han H, Yang-Feng T, Caron MG: Cloning, pharmacological characterization, and chromosome assignment of the human dopamine transporter. Mol Pharmacol. 1992 Sep;42(3):383-90. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Donovan DM, Vandenbergh DJ, Perry MP, Bird GS, Ingersoll R, Nanthakumar E, Uhl GR: Human and mouse dopamine transporter genes: conservation of 5'-flanking sequence elements and gene structures. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1995 Jun;30(2):327-35. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Pristupa ZB, Wilson JM, Hoffman BJ, Kish SJ, Niznik HB: Pharmacological heterogeneity of the cloned and native human dopamine transporter: disassociation of [3H]WIN 35,428 and [3H]GBR 12,935 binding. Mol Pharmacol. 1994 Jan;45(1):125-35. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Kawarai T, Kawakami H, Yamamura Y, Nakamura S: Structure and organization of the gene encoding human dopamine transporter. Gene. 1997 Aug 11;195(1):11-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 1 Drug References
  1. Seyfried CA: Dopamine uptake inhibiting versus dopamine releasing properties of fencamfamine: an in vitro study. Biochem Pharmacol. 1983 Aug 1;32(15):2329-31. [PubMed Link Image]

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.