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Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-06-13 13:24:05
Update Date 2009-04-16 16:47:34
Primary Accession Number DB00264
Secondary Accession Number
  • APRD00208
Name Metoprolol
Drug Type
  • Approved
  • Investigational
  • Small Molecule
Description A selective adrenergic beta-1-blocking agent with no stimulatory action. It's binding to plasma albumin is weaker than alprenolol and it may be useful in angina pectoris, hypertension, or cardiac arrhythmias. [PubChem]
Synonyms
  1. Metoprolol Tartrate
  2. Metoprolol succinate
Brand Names
  1. Beloc
  2. Betaloc
  3. Lopresor
  4. Lopresoretic
  5. Lopressor
  6. Lopressor HCT
  7. Metroprolol
  8. Prelis
  9. Selo-Zok
  10. Seloken
  11. Selopral
  12. Toprol
  13. Toprol-XL
Brand Mixtures Not Available
Chemical IUPAC Name 1-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol
Chemical Formula C15H25NO3
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 37350-58-6
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C15H25NO3/c1-12(2)16-10-14(17)11-19-15-6-4-13(5-7-15)8-9-18-3/h4-7,12,14,16-17H,8-11H2,1-3H3
InChI Key IUBSYMUCCVWXPE-UHFFFAOYAN
KEGG Drug D02358 Link Image
KEGG Compound C07202 Link Image
PubChem Compound 4171 Link Image
PubChem Substance 205122 Link Image
ChEBI ID 6904 Link Image
PharmGKB ID Not Available
HET ID Not Available
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] 02253518 Link Image
RxList Link http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/metopxl.htm Link Image
PDRhealth Link Not Available
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metoprolol Link Image
FDA Label
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Synthesis Reference A. E. Brandstorm et al., U.S. Pat. 3,873,600 (1975)
Average Molecular Weight 267.3639
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 267.1834
State Solid
Melting Point 120 oC (tartarate salt)
Experimental Water Solubility 16.9 mg/mL Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 4.02e-01 mg/mL Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 1.6 Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP 1.80 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS Not Available
Predicted LogS -2.82 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability -4.59 [ADME Research, USCD]
pKa/Isoelectric Point Not Available
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Isomeric SMILES COCCC1=CC=C(OC[C@H](O)CNC(C)C)C=C1
Canonical SMILES COCCC1=CC=C(OCC(O)CNC(C)C)C=C1
Drug Category
  • Adrenergic Agents
  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
  • Anti-Arrhythmia Agents
  • Antiarrhythmic Agents
  • Antihypertensive Agents
  • Sympatholytics
ATC Codes
AHFS Codes
  • 24:24.00
Indication For the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.
Pharmacology Metoprolol, a competitive, beta1-selective (cardioselective) adrenergic antagonist, is similar to atenolol in its moderate lipid solubility, lack of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA), and weak membrane stabilizing activity (MSA).
Mechanism of Action Like betaxolol and atenolol, metoprolol competes with adrenergic neurotransmitters such as catecholamines for binding at beta(1)-adrenergic receptors in the heart and vascular smooth muscle. Beta(1)-receptor blockade results in a decrease in heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure.
Absorption Rapid and complete, 50%
Toxicity LD50=5500 mg/kg (orally in rats), toxic effects include bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm, and cardiac failure. LD50=2090 mg/kg (orally in mice)
Protein Binding 12%
Biotransformation Primarily hepatic
Half Life 3-7 hours
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Liquid Intravenous
Solution Intravenous
Tablet Oral
Tablet, extended release Oral
Patient Information Show Link Image
Contraindications Show Link Image
Interactions Show Link Image
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Acetohexamide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Amobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blocker
Aprobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blocker
Butabarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blocker
Butalbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blocker
Butethal The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blocker
Chlorpropamide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Cimetidine Cimetidine increases the effect of the beta-blocker
Citalopram The SSRI increases the effect of the beta-blocker
Clonidine Increased hypertension when clonidine stopped
Dihydroergotamine Ischemia with risk of gangrene
Dihydroergotoxine Ischemia with risk of gangrene
Dihydroquinidine barbiturate The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blocker
Diltiazem Increased risk of bradycardia
Disopyramide The beta-blocker increases toxicity of disopyramide
Epinephrine Hypertension, then bradycardia
Ergonovine Ischemia with risk of gangrene
Ergotamine Ischemia with risk of gangrene
Escitalopram The SSRI increases the effect of the beta-blocker
Fenoterol Antagonism
Fluoxetine The SSRI increases the effect of the beta-blocker
Formoterol Antagonism
Glibenclamide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Gliclazide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Glipizide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Glisoxepide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Glycodiazine The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Heptabarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blocker
Hexobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blocker
Hydralazine Increased effect of both drugs
Ibuprofen Risk of inhibition of renal prostaglandins
Indomethacin Risk of inhibition of renal prostaglandins
Insulin The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Isoproterenol Antagonism
Lidocaine The beta-blocker increases the effect and toxicity of lidocaine
Methohexital The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blocker
Methylphenobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blocker
Methysergide Ischemia with risk of gangrene
Orciprenaline Antagonism
Paroxetine The SSRI increases the effect of the beta-blocker
Pentobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blocker
Phenobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blocker
Pirbuterol Antagonism
Piroxicam Risk of inhibition of renal prostaglandins
Prazosin Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapy
Primidone The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blocker
Procaterol Antagonism
Propafenone Propafenone increases the effect of beta-blocker
Quinidine barbiturate The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blocker
Repaglinide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Rifampin Rifampin decreases the effect of the metabolized beta-blocker
Salbutamol Antagonism
Salmeterol Antagonism
Secobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blocker
Sertraline The SSRI increases the effect of the beta-blocker
Talbutal The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blocker
Telithromycin Telithromycin may possibly increase metoprolol effect
Terbutaline Antagonism
Tolazamide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Tolbutamide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Verapamil Increased effect of both drugs
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol.
  • Avoid natural licorice.
  • Take with food.
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Metoprolol Pathway SMP00302 Link Image
General References
  1. : Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF) Lancet. 1999 Jun 12;353(9169):2001-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Drugs.com Link Image
  3. Wikipedia Link Image
  4. RxList Link Image
Organisms Affected
  • Humans and other mammals
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzymes
  1. Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)
Targets
  1. Beta-1 adrenergic receptor
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 Name Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)
Enzyme 1 Gene Name CYP2D6
Enzyme 1 SwissProt ID P10635 Link Image
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >sp|P10635|CP2D6_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2D6 (EC 1.14.14.1) 
MGLEALVPLAVIVAIFLLLVDLMHRRQRWAARYPPGPLPLPGLGNLLHVDFQNTPYCFDQ
LRRRFGDVFSLQLAWTPVVVLNGLAAVREALVTHGEDTADRPPVPITQILGFGPRSQGVF
LARYGPAWREQRRFSVSTLRNLGLGKKSLEQWVTEEAACLCAAFANHSGRPFRPNGLLDK
AVSNVIASLTCGRRFEYDDPRFLRLLDLAQEGLKEESGFLREVLNAVPVLLHIPALAGKV
LRFQKAFLTQLDELLTEHRMTWDPAQPPRDLTEAFLAEMEKAKGNPESSFNDENLRIVVA
DLFSAGMVTTSTTLAWGLLLMILHPDVQRRVQQEIDDVIGQVRRPEMGDQAHMPYTTAVI
HEVQRFGDIVPLGMTHMTSRDIEVQGFRIPKGTTLITNLSSVLKDEAVWEKPFRFHPEHF
LDAQGHFVKPEAFLPFSAGRRACLGEPLARMELFLFFTSLLQHFSFSVPTGQPRPSHHGV
FAFLVSPSPYELCAVPR
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 193
Target 1 Name Beta-1 adrenergic receptor
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. Beta-1 adrenoceptor
  2. Beta-1 adrenoreceptor
Target 1 Gene Name ADRB1
Target 1 Protein Sequence >Beta-1 adrenergic receptor 
MGAGVLVLGASEPGNLSSAAPLPDGAATAARLLVPASPPASLLPPASESPEPLSQQWTAG
MGLLMALIVLLIVAGNVLVIVAIAKTPRLQTLTNLFIMSLASADLVMGLLVVPFGATIVV
WGRWEYGSFFCELWTSVDVLCVTASIETLCVIALDRYLAITSPFRYQSLLTRARARGLVC
TVWAISALVSFLPILMHWWRAESDEARRCYNDPKCCDFVTNRAYAIASSVVSFYVPLCIM
AFVYLRVFREAQKQVKKIDSCERRFLGGPARPPSPSPSPVPAPAPPPGPPRPAAAAATAP
LANGRAGKRRPSRLVALREQKALKTLGIIMGVFTLCWLPFFLANVVKAFHRELVPDRLFV
FFNWLGYANSAFNPIIYCRSPDFRKAFQRLLCCARRAARRRHATHGDRPRASGCLARPGP
PPSPGAASDDDDDDVVGATPPARLLEPWAGCNGGAAADSDSSLDEPCRPGFASESKV
Target 1 Number of Residues 484
Target 1 Molecular Weight 51323
Target 1 Theoretical pI 9.03
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity
rhodopsin-like receptor activity
amine receptor activity
adrenoceptor activity
beta-adrenergic receptor activity
beta1-adrenergic receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 1 General Function Involved in beta1-adrenergic receptor activity
Target 1 Specific Function Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. This receptor binds epinephrine and norepinephrine with approximately equal affinity
Target 1 Pathways Not Available
Target 1 Reactions Not Available
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function
Target 1 Signals
  • None
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • 60-83
  • 97-120
  • 132-155
  • 176-199
  • 222-245
  • 326-349
  • 357-380
Target 1 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein 178200 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P08588 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ADRB1_HUMAN Link Image
Target 1 PDB ID Not Available
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Cell membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein. Localized at the plasma membrane. Found in the Golgi upo
Target 1 Gene Sequence >1434 bp 
ATGGGCGCGGGGGTGCTCGTCCTGGGCGCCTCCGAGCCCGGTAACCTGTCGTCGGCCGCA
CCGCTCCCCGACGGCGCGGCCACCGCGGCGCGGCTGCTGGTGCCCGCGTCGCCGCCCGCC
TCGTTGCTGCCTCCCGCCAGCGAAAGCCCCGAGCCGCTGTCTCAGCAGTGGACAGCGGGC
ATGGGTCTGCTGATGGCGCTCATCGTGCTGCTCATCGTGGCGGGCAATGTGCTGGTGATC
GTGGCCATCGCCAAGACGCCGCGGCTGCAGACGCTCACCAACCTCTTCATCATGTCCCTG
GCCAGCGCCGACCTGGTCATGGGGCTGCTGGTGGTGCCGTTCGGGGCCACCATCGTGGTG
TGGGGCCGCTGGGAGTACGGCTCCTTCTTCTGCGAGCTGTGGACCTCAGTGGACGTGCTG
TGCGTGACGGCCAGCATCGAGACCCTGTGTGTCATTGCCCTGGACCGCTACCTCGCCATC
ACCTCGCCCTTCCGCTACCAGAGCCTGCTGACGCGCGCGCGGGCGCGGGGCCTCGTGTGC
ACCGTGTGGGCCATCTCGGCCCTGGTGTCCTTCCTGCCCATCCTCATGCACTGGTGGCGG
GCGGAGAGCGACGAGGCGCGCCGCTGCTACAACGACCCCAAGTGCTGCGACTTCGTCACC
AACCGGGCCTACGCCATCGCCTCGTCCGTAGTCTCCTTCTACGTGCCCCTGTGCATCATG
GCCTTCGTGTACCTGCGGGTGTTCCGCGAGGCCCAGAAGCAGGTGAAGAAGATCGACAGC
TGCGAGCGCCGTTTCCTCGGCGGCCCAGCGCGGCCGCCCTCGCCCTCGCCCTCGCCCGTC
CCCGCGCCCGCGCCGCCGCCCGGACCCCCGCGCCCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCACCGCCCCG
CTGGCCAACGGGCGTGCGGGTAAGCGGCGGCCCTCGCGCCTCGTGGCCCTACGCGAGCAG
AAGGCGCTCAAGACGCTGGGCATCATCATGGGCGTCTTCACGCTCTGCTGGCTGCCCTTC
TTCCTGGCCAACGTGGTGAAGGCCTTCCACCGCGAGCTGGTGCCCGACCGCCTCTTCGTC
TTCTTCAACTGGCTGGGCTACGCCAACTCGGCCTTCAACCCCATCATCTACTGCCGCAGC
CCCGACTTCCGCAAGGCCTTCCAGGGACTGCTCTGCTGCGCGCGCAGGGCTGCCCGCCGG
CGCCACGCGACCCACGGAGACCGGCCGCGCGCCTCGGGCTGTCTGGCCCGGCCCGGACCC
CCGCCATCGCCCGGGGCCGCCTCGGACGACGACGACGACGATGTCGTCGGGGCCACGCCG
CCCGCGCGCCTGCTGGAGCCCTGGGCCGGCTGCAACGGCGGGGCGGCGGCGGACAGCGAC
TCGAGCCTGGACGAGCCGTGCCGCCCCGGCTTCGCCTCGGAATCCAAGGTGTAG
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID ADRB1 Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID ADRB1 Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:285 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location 10
Target 1 Locus 10q24-q26
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 General References
  1. Mason DA, Moore JD, Green SA, Liggett SB: A gain-of-function polymorphism in a G-protein coupling domain of the human beta1-adrenergic receptor. J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 30;274(18):12670-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Moore JD, Mason DA, Green SA, Hsu J, Liggett SB: Racial differences in the frequencies of cardiac beta(1)-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms: analysis of c145A>G and c1165G>C. Hum Mutat. 1999 Sep 19;14(3):271. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Borjesson M, Magnusson Y, Hjalmarson A, Andersson B: A novel polymorphism in the gene coding for the beta(1)-adrenergic receptor associated with survival in patients with heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2000 Nov;21(22):1853-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Ranade K, Jorgenson E, Sheu WH, Pei D, Hsiung CA, Chiang FT, Chen YD, Pratt R, Olshen RA, Curb D, Cox DR, Botstein D, Risch N: A polymorphism in the beta1 adrenergic receptor is associated with resting heart rate. Am J Hum Genet. 2002 Apr;70(4):935-42. Epub 2002 Feb 18. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Frielle T, Collins S, Daniel KW, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ, Kobilka BK: Cloning of the cDNA for the human beta 1-adrenergic receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Nov;84(22):7920-4. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 1 Drug References
  1. Schafer M, Frischkopf K, Taimor G, Piper HM, Schluter KD: Hypertrophic effect of selective beta(1)-adrenoceptor stimulation on ventricular cardiomyocytes from adult rat. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2000 Aug;279(2):C495-503. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Staudt A, Mobini R, Fu M, Grosse Y, Stangl V, Stangl K, Thiele A, Baumann G, Felix SB: beta(1)-Adrenoceptor antibodies induce positive inotropic response in isolated cardiomyocytes. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001 Jul 6;423(2-3):115-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Staudt Y, Mobini R, Fu M, Felix SB, Kuhn JP, Staudt A: Beta1-adrenoceptor antibodies induce apoptosis in adult isolated cardiomyocytes. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003 Apr 11;466(1-2):1-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Johnson JA, Zineh I, Puckett BJ, McGorray SP, Yarandi HN, Pauly DF: Beta 1-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms and antihypertensive response to metoprolol. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Jul;74(1):44-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Liu J, Liu ZQ, Tan ZR, Chen XP, Wang LS, Zhou G, Zhou HH: Gly389Arg polymorphism of beta1-adrenergic receptor is associated with the cardiovascular response to metoprolol. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Oct;74(4):372-9. [PubMed Link Image]

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.