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targets (2) enzymes (13)
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Identification
Name Dapsone
Accession Number DB00250 (APRD00345)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

A sulfone active against a wide range of bacteria but mainly employed for its actions against mycobacterium leprae. Its mechanism of action is probably similar to that of the sulfonamides which involves inhibition of folic acid synthesis in susceptible organisms. It is also used with pyrimethamine in the treatment of malaria. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p157-8)
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
Acedapsone
DADPS
Dapson
Dapsonum
DDS
Dds, Diaphenylsulfone
Dds, Pharmaceutical
Diamino-diphenyl sulphone
Diaminodifenilsulfona
Diaminodiphenyl Sulfone
Diaphenylsulfon
Diaphenylsulfone
Diaphenylsulphon
Diaphenylsulphone
Diphenasone
Metabolite C
N, N'-Diphenyl Sulfondiamide
P-Aminophenyl Sulfone
P, P'-Sulfonyldianiline
P,P-Diaminodiphenyl Sulphone
P,P-Sulfonylbisbenzamine
P,P-Sulfonylbisbenzenamine
P,P-Sulphonylbisbenzamine
P,P-Sulphonylbisbenzenamine
P,P-Sulphonyldianiline
P,P'-Diaminodiphenyl Sulfone
Sulfonyldianiline
Sulphadione
Sulphonyldianiline
First Prev Next Last
Salts Not Available
Brand names
Name Company
Araldite Ht
Avlosulfon
Avlosulfone
Avlosulphone
Croysulfone
Croysulphone
Diphone
Dubronax
Dumitone
Eporal
ICI
Normet
Novophone
Recolip
Sulfadione
Sulfanona-Mae
Sulfon-Mere
Sulfona
Sulfona-Mae
Sulfone Ucb
Sulphon-Mere
Sumicure S
Tarimyl
Udolac
First Prev Next Last
Brand mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Anti-Infective Agents
  • Anti-Infectives
  • Anti-inflammatory Agents
  • Antimalarials
  • Folic Acid Antagonists
  • Leprostatic Agents
  • Antimycobacterials
CAS number 80-08-0
Weight Average: 248.301
Monoisotopic: 248.061948328
Chemical Formula C12H12N2O2S
InChI Key InChIKey=MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C12H12N2O2S/c13-9-1-5-11(6-2-9)17(15,16)12-7-3-10(14)4-8-12/h1-8H,13-14H2
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
4-[(4-aminobenzene)sulfonyl]aniline
SMILES
NC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1
Plain Text
Mass Spec show (9.27 KB)
Taxonomy
Kingdom Not Available
Classes
  • Benzene and Derivatives
  • Anilines
Substructures
  • Sulfonyls
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Benzene and Derivatives
  • Sulfones
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Anilines
  • Sulfoxides
Pharmacology
Indication For the treatment and management of leprosy and dermatitis herpetiformis.
Pharmacodynamics Dapsone is a sulfone with anti-inflammatory immunosuppressive properties as well as antibacterial and antibiotic properties. Dapsone is the principal drug in a multidrug regimen recommended by the World Health Organization for the treatment of leprosy. As an anti-infective agent, it is also used for treating malaria and, recently, for Pneumocystic carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients. Dapsone is absorbed rapidly and nearly completely from the gastrointestinal tract. Dapsone is distributed throughout total body water and is present in all tissues. However, it tends to be retained in skin and muscle and especially in the liver and kidney: traces of the drug are present in these organs up to 3 weeks after therapy cessation.
Mechanism of action Dapsone acts against bacteria and protozoa in the same way as sulphonamides, that is by inhibiting the synthesis of dihydrofolic acid through competition with para-amino-benzoate for the active site of dihydropteroate synthetase. The anti-inflammatory action of the drug is unrelated to its antibacterial action and is still not fully understood.
Absorption Bioavailability is 70 to 80% following oral administration.
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding 70 to 90%
Metabolism Hepatic, mostly CYP2E1-mediated.
Route of elimination Renal
Half life 28 hours (range 10-50 hours)
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Overdosage might be expected to produce nasal congestion, syncope, or hallucinations. Measures to support blood pressure should be taken if necessary.
Affected organisms
  • Mycobacteria
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Jacobus pharmaceutical co
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Tablet Oral
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Dapsone 30 100 mg tablet Box 42.99 USD box
Dapsone 30 25 mg tablet Box 35.99 USD box
Aczone 5% gel 5.52 USD g
Dapsone powder 5.38 USD g
Dapsone 100 mg tablet 0.86 USD tablet
Dapsone 25 mg tablet 0.2 USD tablet
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Country Patent Number Approved Expires (estimated)
Canada 2265461 2004-11-30 2017-09-10
Properties
State solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point 175.5 °C PhysProp
water solubility 380 mg/L (at 37 °C) YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
logP 0.97 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
logS -2.82 ADME Research, USCD
pKa 2.41 PERRIN,DD (1965)
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 2.84e-01 g/l ALOGPS
logP 1.19 ALOGPS
logP 1.27 ChemAxon
logS -2.9 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest basic) 2.39 ChemAxon
physiological charge 0 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 4 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 2 ChemAxon
polar surface area 86.18 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 2 ChemAxon
refractivity 68.99 ChemAxon
polarizability 25.05 ChemAxon
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference Not Available
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Drug D00592 Link_out
KEGG Compound C07666 Link_out
PubChem Compound 2955 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46505300 Link_out
ChemSpider 2849 Link_out
BindingDB 50029764 Link_out
ChEBI 4325 Link_out
ChEMBL 4325 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP000637 Link_out
PharmGKB PA449211 Link_out
Drug Product Database 2041510 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/dapsone.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/cdi/dapsone.html Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapsone Link_out
ATC Codes
  • J04BA02
  • D10AX05
AHFS Codes
  • 08:16.92
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label show (515 KB)
MSDS show (53.5 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Aluminium Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Calcium Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Lumefantrine Concomitant therapy may increase the risk of adverse hemolytic reactions. Monitor patients closely for symptoms of hemolytic reactions during concomitant therapy. Patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, methoglobulin reductase deficiency or hemoglobin M are at higher risk of experiencing hemolytic reactions.
Magnesium Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Magnesium oxide Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Rifabutin Decreased levels of dapsone
Rifampin Decreased levels of dapsone
Telithromycin Telithromycin may reduce clearance of Dapsone. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Dapsone if Telithromycin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Tolbutamide Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Dapsone. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Dapsone therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Trimethoprim Increased toxicity of both products
Voriconazole Voriconazole, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, may increase the serum concentration of dapsone by decreasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of dapsone if voriconazole is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Food Interactions
  • Take without regard to meals.
Targets

1. Dihydropteroate synthase 2

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

DHPS catalyzes the formation of the immediate precursor of folic acid. It is implicated in resistance to sulfonamide

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P0C0X2 Link_out
Gene: folP2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Gillis TP, Williams DL: Dapsone resistance does not appear to be associated with a mutation in the dihydropteroate synthase-2 gene of Mycobacterium leprae. Indian J Lepr. 1999 Jan-Mar;71(1):11-8. Pubmed
  4. Williams DL, Spring L, Harris E, Roche P, Gillis TP: Dihydropteroate synthase of Mycobacterium leprae and dapsone resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000 Jun;44(6):1530-7. Pubmed
  5. Gengenbacher M, Xu T, Niyomrattanakit P, Spraggon G, Dick T: Biochemical and structural characterization of the putative dihydropteroate synthase ortholog Rv1207 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2008 Oct;287(1):128-35. Epub 2008 Aug 1. Pubmed

2. Dihydropteroate synthase 1

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

DHPS catalyzes the formation of the immediate precursor of folic acid. It is implicated in resistance to sulfonamide

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P0C0X1 Link_out
Gene: folP1
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Cambau E, Carthagena L, Chauffour A, Ji B, Jarlier V: Dihydropteroate synthase mutations in the folP1 gene predict dapsone resistance in relapsed cases of leprosy. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Jan 15;42(2):238-41. Epub 2005 Dec 12. Pubmed
  4. Lee SB, Kim SK, Kang TJ, Chae GT, Chun JH, Shin HK, Kim JP, Ko YH, Kim NH: The prevalence of folP1 mutations associated with clinical resistance to dapsone, in Mycobacterium leprae isolates from South Korea. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2001 Jun;95(4):429-32. Pubmed
  5. Williams DL, Spring L, Harris E, Roche P, Gillis TP: Dihydropteroate synthase of Mycobacterium leprae and dapsone resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000 Jun;44(6):1530-7. Pubmed
  6. Gengenbacher M, Xu T, Niyomrattanakit P, Spraggon G, Dick T: Biochemical and structural characterization of the putative dihydropteroate synthase ortholog Rv1207 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2008 Oct;287(1):128-35. Epub 2008 Aug 1. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Cytochrome P450 3A5

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P20815 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A5 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Flockhart DA. Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table. Indiana University School of Medicine (2007). Accessed May 28, 2010.

2. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4- hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide

UniProt ID: P08684 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A4
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
  2. Flockhart DA. Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table. Indiana University School of Medicine (2007). Accessed May 28, 2010.
  3. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
  4. Ekins S, Bravi G, Wikel JH, Wrighton SA: Three-dimensional-quantitative structure activity relationship analysis of cytochrome P-450 3A4 substrates. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Oct;291(1):424-33. Pubmed

3. Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3

Actions: substrate

Involved in the oxidative metabolism of a variety of xenobiotics such as drugs and pesticides. It N-oxygenates primary aliphatic alkylamines as well as secondary and tertiary amines. Plays an important role in the metabolism of trimethylamine (TMA), via the production of TMA N-oxide (TMAO). Is also able to perform S-oxidation when acting on sulfide compounds

UniProt ID: P31513 Link_out
Gene: FMO3 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed

4. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1

Actions: substrate

May play an important role in regulating or promoting cell proliferation in some normal and neoplastically transformed cells

UniProt ID: P23219 Link_out
Gene: PTGS1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed

5. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2

Actions: substrate

May have a role as a major mediator of inflammation and/or a role for prostanoid signaling in activity-dependent plasticity

UniProt ID: P35354 Link_out
Gene: PTGS2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed

6. Cytochrome P450 2C8

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. In the epoxidation of arachidonic acid it generates only 14,15- and 11,12-cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism the anti- cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol)

UniProt ID: P10632 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C8
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

7. Cytochrome P450 2C19

Actions: substrate

Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine

UniProt ID: P33261 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C19 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

8. Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2

Actions: substrate

Participates in the detoxification of a plethora of hydrazine and arylamine drugs. Catalyzes the N- or O-acetylation of various arylamine and heterocyclic amine substrates and is able to bioactivate several known carcinogens

UniProt ID: P11245 Link_out
Gene: NAT2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed

9. Cytochrome P450 2C9

Actions: substrate, inducer

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S- warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan

UniProt ID: P11712 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C9
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
  3. Winter HR, Wang Y, Unadkat JD: CYP2C8/9 mediate dapsone N-hydroxylation at clinical concentrations of dapsone. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Aug;28(8):865-8. Pubmed

10. Cytochrome P450 3A7

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P24462 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A7 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Flockhart DA. Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table. Indiana University School of Medicine (2007). Accessed May 28, 2010.

11. Cytochrome P450 2E1

Actions: substrate

Metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic or carcinogenic forms

UniProt ID: P05181 Link_out
Gene: CYP2E1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

12. Myeloperoxidase

Actions: substrate

Part of the host defense system of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It is responsible for microbicidal activity against a wide range of organisms. In the stimulated PMN, MPO catalyzes the production of hypohalous acids, primarily hypochlorous acid in physiologic situations, and other toxic intermediates that greatly enhance PMN microbicidal activity

UniProt ID: P05164 Link_out
Gene: MPO Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed

13. Cytochrome P450 2C18

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P33260 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C18 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on February 08, 2013 16:19