Banner
Identification
Name Doxycycline
Accession Number DB00254 (APRD00597)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

A synthetic tetracycline derivative with similar antimicrobial activity. Animal studies suggest that it may cause less tooth staining than other tetracyclines. It is used in some areas for the treatment of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria (malaria, falciparum). [PubChem]
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
Doxcycline anhydrous
Doxycycline Hyclate
Doxycycline Monohydrate
Doxytetracycline
Salts Not Available
Brand names
Name Company
Alti-Doxycycline
Apo-Doxy
Atridox
Doryx
Doxy 100
Doxy-Caps
Doxy-Lemmon
Doxychel
Doxychel Hyclate
Doxycin
Doxylin
Doxytec
Jenacyclin
Monodox
Novo-Doxylin
Nu-Doxycycline
Oracea
Periostat
Supracyclin
Vibra-Tabs
Vibramycin
First Prev Next Last
Brand mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Antimalarials
  • Tetracyclines
CAS number 564-25-0
Weight Average: 444.4346
Monoisotopic: 444.153265754
Chemical Formula C22H24N2O8
InChI Key InChIKey=JBIWCJUYHHGXTC-AKNGSSGZSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C22H24N2O8/c1-7-8-5-4-6-9(25)11(8)16(26)12-10(7)17(27)14-15(24(2)3)18(28)13(21(23)31)20(30)22(14,32)19(12)29/h4-7,10,14-15,17,25,27-29,32H,1-3H3,(H2,23,31)/t7-,10+,14+,15-,17-,22-/m0/s1
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
(4S,4aR,5S,5aR,6R,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,5,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide
SMILES
[H][C@@]12[C@@H](C)C3=C(C(O)=CC=C3)C(=O)C1=C(O)[C@]1(O)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C(O)[C@@H](N(C)C)[C@]1([H])[C@H]2O
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Not Available
Classes
  • Tetracyclines
Substructures
  • Tetracyclines
  • Hydroxy Compounds
  • Benzyl Alcohols and Derivatives
  • Naphthalenes
  • Phenols and Derivatives
  • Amino Ketones
  • Phenylpropenes
  • Benzene and Derivatives
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Alcohols and Polyols
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Cinnamaldehydes
  • Ketenes and Derivatives
  • Phenyl Esters
  • Enols
  • Ketones
Pharmacology
Indication Doxycycline is indicated for use in respiratory tract infections caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Legionella spp., or Klebsiella spp. It is also used for prophylaxis of malaria. Doxycycline is indicated for a variety of bacterial infections, from Mycobacterium fortuitum and M. marinum, to susceptible E. coli and Brucella spp. It can be used as an alternative to treating plague, tetanus, Campylobacter fetus
Pharmacodynamics Doxycycline, a long-acting tetracycline derived from oxytetracycline, is used to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis and treat non-gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis, exacerbations of bronchitis in patients with COPD, and adult periodontitis.
Mechanism of action Doxycycline, like minocycline, is lipophilic and can pass through the lipid bilayer of bacteria. Doxycycline reversibly binds to the 30 S ribosomal subunits and possibly the 50S ribosomal subunit(s), blocking the binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the mRNA and inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. Doxycycline prevents the normal function of the apicoplast of Plasmodium falciparum, a malaria causing organism.
Absorption Completely absorbed following oral administration.
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding >90%
Metabolism
Hepatic
Route of elimination They are concentrated by the liver in the bile and excreted in the urine and feces at high concentrations in a biologically active form.
Half life 18-22 hours
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Symptoms of overdose include anorexia, nausea, diarrhoea, glossitis, dysphagia, enterocolitis and inflammatory lesions (with monilial overgrowth) in the anogenital region, skin reactions such as maculopapular and erythematous rashes, exfoliative dermatitis, photosensitivity, hypersensitivity reactions such as urticaria, angioneurotic oedema, anaphylaxis, anaphyl-actoid purpura, pericarditis, and exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus, benign intracranial hypertension in adults disappearing on discontinuation of the medicine, haematologic abnormalities such as haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and eosinophilia. LD50=262 mg/kg (I.P. in rat).
Affected organisms
  • Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
Pathways
Pathway Name SMPDB ID
Smp00291 Doxycycline Pathway SMP00291
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
  • Par pharmaceutical inc
  • Ranbaxy laboratories ltd
  • Sandoz inc
  • Watson laboratories inc
  • Watson pharmaceuticals inc
  • Galderma laboratories lp
  • Rachelle laboratories inc
  • Ivax pharmaceuticals inc sub teva pharmaceuticals usa
  • Pfizer laboratories div pfizer inc
  • Lannett holdings inc
  • Mutual pharmaceutical co inc
  • Pliva inc
  • Mayne pharma international faulding pharm
  • Warner chilcott bermuda ltd
  • Medicis pharmaceutical corp
  • Halsey drug co inc
  • Heather drug co inc
  • Interpharm inc
  • Private formulations inc
  • Ranbaxy pharmaceuticals inc
  • Superpharm corp
  • Warner chilcott div warner lambert co
  • West ward pharmaceutical corp
  • Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
  • Collagenex inc
  • App pharmaceuticals llc
  • Baxter healthcare corp anesthesia and critical care
  • Bedford laboratories div ben venue laboratories inc
  • Tolmar inc
  • Corepharma llc
  • Larken laboratories inc
  • Mutual pharmacal co
  • Truxton inc
  • Vintage pharmaceuticals inc
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Capsule Oral
Gel, metered Periodontal
Tablet Oral
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Vibramycin 25 mg/5ml Suspension 60ml Bottle 36.29 USD bottle
Adoxa pak 1-150 mg tablet 19.93 USD tablet
Doryx 150 mg Enteric Coated Tabs 17.51 USD tab
Doryx dr 150 mg tablet 16.83 USD tablet
Doxycycline hyc 100 mg vial 14.16 USD vial
Adoxa 100 mg tablet 13.86 USD tablet
Monodox 100 mg capsule 13.46 USD capsule
Adoxa 75 mg tablet 12.77 USD tablet
Oracea 40 mg Delayed Release Capsule 12.44 USD capsule
Oracea 40 mg capsule 11.96 USD capsule
Avidoxy 100 mg tablet 11.52 USD tablet
Monodox 75 mg capsule 11.02 USD capsule
Doryx 100 mg Enteric Coated Tabs 10.31 USD tab
Doryx dr 100 mg tablet 9.91 USD tablet
Adoxa pak 1-100 mg tablet 9.88 USD tablet
Doxycycline Monohydrate 150 mg tablet 9.51 USD tablet
Adoxa 50 mg tablet 9.29 USD tablet
Doxycycline mono 150 mg tablet 9.13 USD tablet
Doryx 75 mg Enteric Coated Tabs 8.76 USD tab
Doryx dr 75 mg tablet 8.42 USD tablet
Vibramycin 100 mg capsule 6.67 USD capsule
Vibra-tabs 100 mg tablet 6.67 USD tablet
Monodox 50 mg capsule 6.0 USD capsule
Doxycycline mono 100 mg tablet 5.98 USD tablet
Periostat 20 mg tablet 5.75 USD tablet
Doxycycline mono 75 mg tablet 5.74 USD tablet
Doxycycline Monohydrate 100 mg tablet 5.12 USD tablet
Doxycycline mono 50 mg tablet 4.17 USD tablet
Doxycycline Monohydrate 50 mg tablet 3.0 USD tablet
Doxycycline hyclate powder 2.56 USD g
Vibramycin 50 mg capsule 2.41 USD capsule
Doxycycline Monohydrate 100 mg capsule 2.22 USD capsule
Vibramycin 100 mg Capsule 1.91 USD capsule
Doxycycline Monohydrate 50 mg capsule 1.51 USD capsule
Doxycycline hyclate 100 mg tablet 1.28 USD tablet
Doxycycline hyclate 20 mg tablet 1.28 USD tablet
Doxycycline Hyclate 100 mg capsule 1.18 USD capsule
Doxycycline Hyclate 50 mg capsule 0.76 USD capsule
Vibramycin 50 mg/5ml Syrup 0.67 USD ml
Vibramycin 50 mg/5 ml syrup 0.64 USD ml
Apo-Doxy 100 mg Capsule 0.61 USD capsule
Apo-Doxy 100 mg Tablet 0.61 USD tablet
Doxycin 100 mg Capsule 0.61 USD capsule
Doxycin 100 mg Tablet 0.61 USD tablet
Novo-Doxylin 100 mg Capsule 0.61 USD capsule
Novo-Doxylin 100 mg Tablet 0.61 USD tablet
Nu-Doxycycline 100 mg Capsule 0.61 USD capsule
Pms-Doxycycline 100 mg Capsule 0.61 USD capsule
Pms-Doxycycline 100 mg Tablet 0.61 USD tablet
First Prev Next Last
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Country Patent Number Approved Expires (estimated)
United States 7749532 2007-12-19 2027-12-19
United States 5789395 1996-08-30 2016-08-30
Properties
State solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point 201 °C Not Available
water solubility 630 mg/L (at 25 °C) YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
logP -0.02 SANGSTER (1994)
logS -2.87 ADME Research, USCD
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 6.30e-01 g/l ALOGPS
logP -0.72 ALOGPS
logP -3.4 ChemAxon
logS -2.9 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic) -2.2 ChemAxon
pKa (strongest basic) 7.75 ChemAxon
physiological charge -1 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 9 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 6 ChemAxon
polar surface area 181.62 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 2 ChemAxon
refractivity 113.89 ChemAxon
polarizability 42.88 ChemAxon
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Dahl EL, Shock JL, Shenai BR, Gut J, DeRisi JL, Rosenthal PJ: Tetracyclines specifically target the apicoplast of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Sep;50(9):3124-31. Pubmed
  2. Hoerauf A, Mand S, Fischer K, Kruppa T, Marfo-Debrekyei Y, Debrah AY, Pfarr KM, Adjei O, Buttner DW: Doxycycline as a novel strategy against bancroftian filariasis-depletion of Wolbachia endosymbionts from Wuchereria bancrofti and stop of microfilaria production. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2003 Nov;192(4):211-6. Epub 2003 Mar 5. Pubmed
  3. Taylor MJ, Makunde WH, McGarry HF, Turner JD, Mand S, Hoerauf A: Macrofilaricidal activity after doxycycline treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti: a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2005 Jun 18-24;365(9477):2116-21. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Compound C06973 Link_out
PubChem Compound 5281011 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46506491 Link_out
ChemSpider 4444486 Link_out
BindingDB 50041429 Link_out
ChEBI 50845 Link_out
ChEMBL 50845 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP001371 Link_out
PharmGKB PA449415 Link_out
Drug Product Database 742562 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/doxycyc.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/doxycycline.html Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycycline Link_out
ATC Codes
  • A01AB22
  • J01AA02
AHFS Codes
  • 08:12.24
  • 52:04.04
PDB Entries
FDA label show (48.1 KB)
MSDS show (73.4 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Acenocoumarol The tetracycline, doxycycline, may increase the anticoagulant effect of acenocoumarol.
Acitretin Increased risk of intracranial hypertension
Aluminium Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Amobarbital The anticonvulsant, amobarbital, decreases the effect of doxycycline.
Amoxicillin Possible antagonism of action
Ampicillin Possible antagonism of action
Anisindione The tetracycline, doxycycline, may increase the anticoagulant effect of anisindione.
Aprobarbital The anticonvulsant, aprobarbital, decreases the effect of doxycycline.
Attapulgite Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Azlocillin Possible antagonism of action
Aztreonam Possible antagonism of action
Bacampicillin Possible antagonism of action
Bexarotene Tetracycline derivatives like doxycycline may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Retinoic Acid Derivatives. Due to the risk of developing pseudotumor cerebri (also known as intracranial hypertension), avoid this combination of drugs if possible. If used concomitantly, monitor for evidence of this interaction (eg, dizziness, diplopia, headache).
Butabarbital The anticonvulsant, butabarbital, decreases the effect of doxycycline.
Butalbital The anticonvulsant, butalbital, decreases the effect of doxycycline.
Butethal The anticonvulsant, butethal, decreases the effect of doxycycline.
Calcium Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Calcium Acetate Calcium salts such as calcium acetate may decrease the serum concentration of tetracycline derivatives such as doxycycline. In general, the coadministration of oral calcium salts and oral tetracycline derivatives should be avoided. Interactions may be able to be minimized by administering oral calcium preparations several hours before or after the dose of the oral tetracycline derivatives. Even with dose separation, therapy may still be compromised. Monitor for decreased therapeutic effect of oral tetracycline derivatives.
Calcium Chloride Calcium salts such as calcium chloride may decrease the serum concentration of tetracycline derivatives such as doxycycline. In general, the coadministration of oral calcium salts and oral tetracycline derivatives should be avoided. Interactions may be able to be minimized by administering oral calcium preparations several hours before or after the dose of the oral tetracycline derivatives. Even with dose separation, therapy may still be compromised. Monitor for decreased therapeutic effect of oral tetracycline derivatives.
Carbamazepine The anticonvulsant, carbamazepine, may decrease the therapeutic effect of doxycycline.
Carbenicillin Possible antagonism of action
Clavulanate Possible antagonism of action
Cloxacillin Possible antagonism of action
Colesevelam Bile acid sequestrants such as colesevelam may decrease the absorption of Tetracycline Derivatives. Monitor for decreased therapeutic effects of tetracycline derivatives if coadministered with a bile acid sequestrant. If these agents are used concomitantly, separate doses 2 or more hours to minimize the interaction. The manufacturer of colesevelam suggests that drugs should be administered at least 1 hour before or 4 hours after colesevelam.
Cyclacillin Possible antagonism of action
Dicloxacillin Possible antagonism of action
Dicumarol The tetracycline, doxycycline, may increase the anticoagulant effect of dicumarol.
Dihydroquinidine barbiturate The anticonvulsant, dihydroquinidine barbiturate, decreases the effect of doxycycline.
Ethinyl Estradiol Doxycycline may decrease the contraceptive effect of ethinyl estradiol.
Ethotoin The anticonvulsant, ethotoin, decreases the effect of doxycycline.
Etretinate Increased risk of intracranial hypertension
Flucloxacillin Possible antagonism of action
Fosphenytoin The anticonvulsant, fosphenytoin, decreases the effect of doxycycline.
Heptabarbital The anticonvulsant, heptabarbital, decreases the effect of doxycycline.
Hetacillin Possible antagonism of action
Hexobarbital The anticonvulsant, hexobarbital, decreases the effect of doxycycline.
Iron Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Iron Dextran Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Isotretinoin Increased risk of intracranial hypertension
Magnesium Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Magnesium oxide Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Mephenytoin The anticonvulsant, mephenytoin, decreases the effect of doxycycline.
Mestranol This anti-infectious agent could decrease the effect of the oral contraceptive
Methohexital The anticonvulsant, methohexital, decreases the effect of doxycycline.
Methotrexate The tetracycline, doxycycline, may increase methotrexate toxicity.
Methylphenobarbital The anticonvulsant, methylphenobarbital, decreases the effect of doxycycline.
Meticillin Possible antagonism of action
Mezlocillin Possible antagonism of action
Nafcillin Possible antagonism of action
Oxacillin Possible antagonism of action
Penicillin G Possible antagonism of action
Penicillin V Possible antagonism of action
Pentobarbital The anticonvulsant, pentobarbital, decreases the effect of doxycycline.
Phenobarbital The anticonvulsant, phenobarbital, may decrease the therapeutic effect of doxycycline.
Phenytoin The anticonvulsant, phenytoin, may decrease the effect of doxycycline.
Piperacillin Possible antagonism of action
Pivampicillin Possible antagonism of action
Pivmecillinam Possible antagonism of action
Primidone The anticonvulsant, primidone, decreases the effect of doxycycline.
Quinidine barbiturate The anticonvulsant, quinidine barbiturate, decreases the effect of doxycycline.
Rifabutin The rifamycin decreases the effect of doxycycline
Rifampin The rifamycin decreases the effect of doxycycline
Secobarbital The anticonvulsant , secobarbital, decreases the effect of doxycycline.
Talbutal The anticonvulsant, talbutal, decreases the effect of doxycycline.
Tamsulosin Doxycycline, a CYP3A4 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tamsulosin, a CYP3A4 substrate. Monitor for changes in therapeutic/adverse effects of Tamsulosin if Doxycycline is initiated, discontinued, or dose changed.
Tazobactam Possible antagonism of action
Thiopental Thiopental may decrease the serum levels of Doxycycline. A reduction in antimicrobial effects may occur. An alternative antibiotic may be considered.
Ticarcillin Doxycycline may reduce the effect of Ticarcillin by inhibiting bacterial growth. Ticarcillin exerts its effects on actively growing bacteria. To achieve synergism, Ticarcillin should be administered at least 2 hours prior to using Doxycycline.
Tolterodine Doxycycline may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolterodine. Adjust Tolterodine dose and monitor for efficacy and toxicity.
Tretinoin Doxycycline may increase the adverse effects of oral Tretinoin. Increase risk of pseudotumour cerebri. Concurrent therapy should be avoided.
Warfarin The tetracycline, doxycycline, may increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.
Zinc Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol.
  • Avoid milk, calcium containing dairy products, iron, antacids, or aluminum salts 2 hours before or 6 hours after using antacids while on this medication.
  • Take with a full glass of water Do not take calcium, aluminum, magnesium or Iron supplements within 2 hours of taking this medication.
Targets

1. 30S ribosomal protein S9

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

The C-terminal tail plays a role in the affinity of the 30S P site for different tRNAs. Mutations that decrease this affinity are suppressed in the 70S ribosome

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P0A7X3 Link_out
Gene: rpsI
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Griffin MO, Fricovsky E, Ceballos G, Villarreal F: Tetracyclines: a pleitropic family of compounds with promising therapeutic properties. Review of the literature. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2010 Sep;299(3):C539-48. Epub 2010 Jun 30. Pubmed

2. 30S ribosomal protein S4

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

Also functions as a rho-dependent antiterminator of rRNA transcription, increasing the synthesis of rRNA under conditions of excess protein, allowing a more rapid return to homeostasis. Binds directly to RNA polymerase

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P0A7V8 Link_out
Gene: rpsD
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Griffin MO, Fricovsky E, Ceballos G, Villarreal F: Tetracyclines: a pleitropic family of compounds with promising therapeutic properties. Review of the literature. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2010 Sep;299(3):C539-48. Epub 2010 Jun 30. Pubmed

3. 16S rRNA

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

In prokaryotes, the 16S rRNA is essential for recognizing the 5' end of mRNA and hence positioning it correctly on the ribosome. The 16S rRNA has a characteristic secondary structure in which half of the nucleotides are base-paired. The 16S rRNA sequence has been highly conserved and is often used for evolutionary and species comparative analysis.

Gene Sequence: FASTA

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Pringle M, Fellstrom C, Johansson KE: Decreased susceptibility to doxycycline associated with a 16S rRNA gene mutation in Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. Vet Microbiol. 2007 Jul 20;123(1-3):245-8. Epub 2007 Feb 25. Pubmed
  4. Kumar S, Kutlin A, Roblin P, Kohlhoff S, Bodetti T, Timms P, Hammerschlag MR: Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Chlamydial isolates from Western barred bandicoots. J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Feb;45(2):392-4. Epub 2006 Nov 22. Pubmed
  5. Ross JI, Eady EA, Cove JH, Cunliffe WJ: 16S rRNA mutation associated with tetracycline resistance in a gram-positive bacterium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Jul;42(7):1702-5. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Actions: inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4- hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide

UniProt ID: P08684 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A4
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
  2. Zhao XJ, Ishizaki T: A further interaction study of quinine with clinically important drugs by human liver microsomes: determinations of inhibition constant (Ki) and type of inhibition. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 1999 Jul-Sep;24(3):272-8. Pubmed
Transporters

1. Solute carrier family 22 member 6

Actions: inhibitor
UniProt ID: Q4U2R8 Link_out
Gene: hROAT1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Babu E, Takeda M, Narikawa S, Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto T, Cha SH, Sekine T, Sakthisekaran D, Endou H: Human organic anion transporters mediate the transport of tetracycline. Jpn J Pharmacol. 2002 Jan;88(1):69-76. Pubmed

2. Solute carrier family 22 member 8

Actions: inhibitor

Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenadine. Transports benzylpenicillin (PCG), estrone- 3-sulfate (E1S), cimetidine (CMD), 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetate (2,4-D), p-amino-hippurate (PAH), acyclovir (ACV) and ochratoxin (OTA)

UniProt ID: Q8TCC7 Link_out
Gene: SLC22A8 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Babu E, Takeda M, Narikawa S, Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto T, Cha SH, Sekine T, Sakthisekaran D, Endou H: Human organic anion transporters mediate the transport of tetracycline. Jpn J Pharmacol. 2002 Jan;88(1):69-76. Pubmed

3. Solute carrier family 22 member 11

Actions: inhibitor

Mediates saturable uptake of estrone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and related compounds

UniProt ID: Q9NSA0 Link_out
Gene: SLC22A11 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Babu E, Takeda M, Narikawa S, Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto T, Cha SH, Sekine T, Sakthisekaran D, Endou H: Human organic anion transporters mediate the transport of tetracycline. Jpn J Pharmacol. 2002 Jan;88(1):69-76. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on February 08, 2013 16:19