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Showing drug card for Amantadine (DB00915)

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Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-06-13 13:24:05
Update Date 2009-06-23 18:06:46
Primary Accession Number DB00915
Secondary Accession Number
  • APRD00787
Name Amantadine
Drug Type
  • Approved
  • Small Molecule
Description An antiviral that is used in the prophylactic or symptomatic treatment of influenza A. It is also used as an antiparkinsonian agent, to treat extrapyramidal reactions, and for postherpetic neuralgia. The mechanisms of its effects in movement disorders are not well understood but probably reflect an increase in synthesis and release of dopamine, with perhaps some inhibition of dopamine uptake. [PubChem]
Synonyms
  1. 1-aminoadamantane
  2. Adamantamine
  3. Adamantanamine
  4. Adamantylamine
  5. Amantadine Base
  6. Amantadine HCL
  7. Amantidine
  8. Aminoadamantane
Brand Names
  1. Endantadine
  2. Gen-Amantadine
  3. Mantadine
  4. Pk-Merz
  5. Symadine
  6. Symmetrel
Brand Mixtures Not Available
Chemical IUPAC Name adamantan-1-amine
Chemical Formula C10H17N
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 768-94-5
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C10H17N/c11-10-4-7-1-8(5-10)3-9(2-7)6-10/h7-9H,1-6,11H2
InChI Key DKNWSYNQZKUICI-UHFFFAOYAJ
KEGG Drug Not Available
KEGG Compound C06818 Link Image
PubChem Compound 2130 Link Image
PubChem Substance 9036 Link Image
ChEBI ID 2618 Link Image
PharmGKB ID PA448360 Link Image
HET ID Not Available
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] 02262649 Link Image
RxList Link http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/amantadine.htm Link Image
PDRhealth Link Not Available
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amantadine Link Image
FDA Label
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Synthesis Reference Not Available
Average Molecular Weight 151.2487
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 151.1361
State Solid
Melting Point 180 oC
Experimental Water Solubility 6290 mg/L (freely soluble) Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 8.46e-02 mg/mL Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 2.3 Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP 2.53 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS Not Available
Predicted LogS -3.25 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability Not Available
pKa/Isoelectric Point Not Available
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Isomeric SMILES N[C@]12C[C@H]3C[C@H](C[C@H](C3)C1)C2
Canonical SMILES NC12CC3CC(CC(C3)C1)C2
Drug Category
  • Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
  • Antiparkinson Agents
  • Antiviral Agents
  • Dopamine Agents
ATC Codes
AHFS Codes
  • 08:18.04
Indication For the chemoprophylaxis, prophylaxis, and treatment of signs and symptoms of infection caused by various strains of influenza A virus. Also for the treatment of parkinsonism and drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions.
Pharmacology Amantadine is an antiviral drug which also acts as an antiparkinson agent, for which it is usually combined with L-DOPA when L-DOPA responses decline (probably due to tolerance). It is a derivate of adamantane, like a similar drug rimantadine. The mechanism of action of amantadine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions is not known. It has been shown to cause an increase in dopamine release in the animal brain, and does not possess anticholinergic activity.
Mechanism of Action The mechanism of its antiparkinsonic effect is not fully understood, but it appears to be releasing dopamine from the nerve endings of the brain cells, together with stimulation of norepinephrine response. The antiviral mechanism seems to be unrelated. The drug interferes with a viral protein, M2 (an ion channel), which is needed for the viral particle to become "uncoated" once it is taken inside the cell by endocytosis.
Absorption Amantadine is well absorbed orally from the gastrointestinal tract.
Toxicity Deaths have been reported from overdose with amantadine. The lowest reported acute lethal dose was 2 grams. Drug overdose has resulted in cardiac, respiratory, renal or central nervous system toxicity. Cardiac dysfunction includes arrhythmia, tachycardia and hypertension. Pulmonary edema and respiratory distress (including ARDS) have been reported. Renal dysfunction including increased BUN, decreased creatinine clearance and renal insufficiency can occur. Central nervous system effects that have been reported include insomnia, anxiety, aggressive behavior, hypertonia, hyperkinesia, tremor, confusion, disorientation, depersonalization, fear, delirium, hallucination, psychotic reactions, lethargy, somnolence and coma. Seizures may be exacerbated in patients with prior history of seizure disorders. Hyperthermia has also been observed in cases where a drug overdose has occurred.
Protein Binding Approximately 67% bound to plasma proteins over a concentration range of 0.1 to 2.0 µg/mL.
Biotransformation No appreciable metabolism, although negligible amounts of an acetyl metabolite have been identified.
Half Life Mean half-lives ranged from 10 to 14 hours, however renal function impairment causes a severe increase in half life to 7 to 10 days.
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Capsule Oral
Syrup Oral
Patient Information Show Link Image
Contraindications Show Link Image
Interactions Show Link Image
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Bendroflumethiazide The diuretic increases the adverse effects of amantadine
Benzthiazide The diuretic increases the adverse effects of amantadine
Chlorothiazide The diuretic increases the adverse effects of amantadine
Cyclothiazide The diuretic increases the adverse effects of amantadine
Donepezil Possible antagonism of action
Galantamine Possible antagonism of action
Hydrochlorothiazide The diuretic increases the adverse effects of amantadine
Hydroflumethiazide The diuretic increases the adverse effects of amantadine
Indapamide The diuretic increases the adverse effects of amantadine
Memantine Increased risk of CNS adverse effects with this association
Methyclothiazide The diuretic increases the adverse effects of amantadine
Metolazone The diuretic increases the adverse effects of amantadine
Polythiazide The diuretic increases the adverse effects of amantadine
Quinethazone The diuretic increases the adverse effects of amantadine
Rivastigmine Possible antagonism of action
Triamterene The diuretic increases the adverse effects of amantadine
Trichlormethiazide The diuretic increases the adverse effects of amantadine
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol.
  • Take without regard to meals.
Pathways Not Available
General References
  1. Wikipedia Link Image
  2. RxList Link Image
Organisms Affected
  • Humans and other mammals
  • Various viruses
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzymes
  1. Monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B)
  2. Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (AADC)
Targets
  1. D(1A) dopamine receptor
  2. Matrix protein 2
  3. D(2) dopamine receptor
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 Name Monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B)
Enzyme 1 Gene Name MAOB
Enzyme 1 SwissProt ID P27338 Link Image
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >sp|P27338|AOFB_HUMAN Amine oxidase B 
SNKCDVVVVGGGISGMAAAKLLHDSGLNVVVLEARDRVGGRTYTLRNQKVKYVDLGGSYV
GPTQNRILRLAKELGLETYKVNEVERLIHHVKGKSYPFRGPFPPVWNPITYLDHNNFWRT
MDDMGREIPSDAPWKAPLAEEWDNMTMKELLDKLCWTESAKQLATLFVNLCVTAETHEVS
ALWFLWYVKQCGGTTRIISTTNGGQERKFVGGSGQVSERIMDLLGDRVKLERPVIYIDQT
RENVLVETLNHEMYEAKYVISAIPPTLGMKIHFNPPLPMMRNQMITRVPLGSVIKCIVYY
KEPFWRKKDYCGTMIIDGEEAPVAYTLDDTKPEGNYAAIMGFILAHKARKLARLTKEERL
KKLCELYAKVLGSLEALEPVHYEEKNWCEEQYSGGCYTTYFPPGILTQYGRVLRQPVDRI
YFAGTETATHWSGYMEGAVEAGERAAREILHAMGKIPEDEIWQSEPESVDVPAQPITTTF
LERHLPSVPGLLRLIGLTTIFSATALGFLAHKRGLLVRV
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 Name Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (AADC)
Enzyme 2 Gene Name DDC
Enzyme 2 SwissProt ID P20711 Link Image
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >sp|P20711|DDC_HUMAN Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase 
MNASEFRRRGKEMVDYVANYMEGIEGRQVYPDVEPGYLRPLIPAAAPQEPDTFEDIINDV
EKIIMPGVTHWHSPYFFAYFPTASSYPAMLADMLCGAIGCIGFSWAASPACTELETVMMD
WLGKMLELPKAFLNEKAGEGGGVIQGSASEATLVALLAARTKVIHRLQAASPELTQAAIM
EKLVAYSSDQAHSSVERAGLIGGVKLKAIPSDGNFAMRASALQEALERDKAAGLIPFFMV
ATLGTTTCCSFDNLLEVGPICNKEDIWLHVDAAYAGSAFICPEFRHLLNGVEFADSFNFN
PHKWLLVNFDCSAMWVKKRTDLTGAFRLDPTYLKHSHQDSGLITDYRHWQIPLGRRFRSL
KMWFVFRMYGVKGLQAYIRKHVQLSHEFESLVRQDPRFEICVEVILGLVCFRLKGSNKVN
EALLQRINSAKKIHLVPCHLRDKFVLRFAICSRTVESAHVQRAWEHIKELAADVLRAERE
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 23
Target 1 Name D(1A) dopamine receptor
Target 1 Synonyms Not Available
Target 1 Gene Name DRD1
Target 1 Protein Sequence >D(1A) dopamine receptor 
MRTLNTSAMDGTGLVVERDFSVRILTACFLSLLILSTLLGNTLVCAAVIRFRHLRSKVTN
FFVISLAVSDLLVAVLVMPWKAVAEIAGFWPFGSFCNIWVAFDIMCSTASILNLCVISVD
RYWAISSPFRYERKMTPKAAFILISVAWTLSVLISFIPVQLSWHKAKPTSPSDGNATSLA
ETIDNCDSSLSRTYAISSSVISFYIPVAIMIVTYTRIYRIAQKQIRRIAALERAAVHAKN
CQTTTGNGKPVECSQPESSFKMSFKRETKVLKTLSVIMGVFVCCWLPFFILNCILPFCGS
GETQPFCIDSNTFDVFVWFGWANSSLNPIIYAFNADFRKAFSTLLGCYRLCPATNNAIET
VSINNNGAAMFSSHHEPRGSISKECNLVYLIPHAVGSSEDLKKEEAAGIARPLEKLSPAL
SVILDYDTDVSLEKIQPITQNGQHPT
Target 1 Number of Residues 453
Target 1 Molecular Weight 49294
Target 1 Theoretical pI 8.34
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity
rhodopsin-like receptor activity
amine receptor activity
dopamine receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 1 General Function Involved in dopamine receptor activity
Target 1 Specific Function This is one of the five types (D1 to D5) of receptors for dopamine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase
Target 1 Pathways Not Available
Target 1 Reactions Not Available
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function
Target 1 Signals
  • None
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • 24-49
  • 61-87
  • 97-119
  • 139-163
  • 193-218
  • 273-299
  • 313-337
Target 1 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein 30397 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P21728 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name DRD1_HUMAN Link Image
Target 1 PDB ID Not Available
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Cell membrane
  • endoplasmic reticulum membrane
  • m
  • multi-pass membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum
Target 1 Gene Sequence >1341 bp 
ATGAGGACTCTGAACACCTCTGCCATGGACGGGACTGGGCTGGTGGTGGAGAGGGACTTC
TCTGTTCGTATCCTCACTGCCTGTTTCCTGTCGCTGCTCATCCTGTCCACGCTCCTGGGG
AACACGCTGGTCTGTGCTGCCGTTATCAGGTTCCGACACCTGCGGTCCAAGGTGACCAAC
TTCTTTGTCATCTCCTTGGCTGTGTCAGATCTCTTGGTGGCCGTCCTGGTCATGCCCTGG
AAGGCAGTGGCTGAGATTGCTGGCTTCTGGCCCTTTGGGTCCTTCTGTAACATCTGGGTG
GCCTTTGACATCATGTGCTCCACTGCATCCATCCTCAACCTCTGTGTGATCAGCGTGGAC
AGGTATTGGGCTATCTCCAGCCCTTTCCGGTATGAGAGAAAGATGACCCCCAAGGCAGCC
TTCATCCTGATCAGTGTGGCATGGACCTTGTCTGTACTCATCTCCTTCATCCCAGTGCAG
CTCAGCTGGCACAAGGCAAAACCCACAAGCCCCTCTGATGGAAATGCCACTTCCCTGGCT
GAGACCATAGACAACTGTGACTCCAGCCTCAGCAGGACATATGCCATCTCATCCTCTGTA
ATAAGCTTTTACATCCCTGTGGCCATCATGATTGTCACCTACACCAGGATCTACAGGATT
GCTCAGAAACAAATACGGCGCATTGCGGCCTTGGAGAGGGCAGCAGTCCACGCCAAGAAT
TGCCAGACCACCACAGGTAATGGAAAGCCTGTCGAATGTTCTCAACCGGAAAGTTCTTTT
AAGATGTCCTTCAAAAGAGAAACTAAAGTCCTGAAGACTCTGTCGGTGATCATGGGTGTG
TTTGTGTGCTGTTGGCTACCTTTCTTCATCTTGAACTGCATTTTGCCCTTCTGTGGGTCT
GGGGAGACGCAGCCCTTCTGCATTGATTCCAACACCTTTGACGTGTTTGTGTGGTTTGGG
TGGGCTAATTCATCCTTGAACCCCATCATTTATGCCTTTAATGCTGATTTTCGGAAGGCA
TTTTCAACCCTCTTAGGATGCTACAGACTTTGCCCTGCGACGAATAATGCCATAGAGACG
GTGAGTATCAATAACAATGGGGCCGCGATGTTTTCCAGCCATCATGAGCCACGAGGCTCC
ATCTCCAAGGAGTGCAATCTGGTTTACCTGATCCCACATGCTGTGGGCTCCTCTGAGGAC
CTGAAAAAGGAGGAGGCAGCTGGCATCGCCAGACCCTTGGAGAAGCTGTCCCCAGCCCTA
TCGGTCATATTGGACTATGACACTGACGTCTCTCTGGAGAAGATCCAACCCATCACACAA
AACGGTCAGCACCCAACCTGA
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID DRD1 Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID DRD1 Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:3020 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location 5
Target 1 Locus 5q35.1
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 General References
  1. Jin H, Xie Z, George SR, O'Dowd BF: Palmitoylation occurs at cysteine 347 and cysteine 351 of the dopamine D(1) receptor. Eur J Pharmacol. 1999 Dec 15;386(2-3):305-12. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Sunahara RK, Niznik HB, Weiner DM, Stormann TM, Brann MR, Kennedy JL, Gelernter JE, Rozmahel R, Yang YL, Israel Y, et al.: Human dopamine D1 receptor encoded by an intronless gene on chromosome 5. Nature. 1990 Sep 6;347(6288):80-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Dearry A, Gingrich JA, Falardeau P, Fremeau RT Jr, Bates MD, Caron MG: Molecular cloning and expression of the gene for a human D1 dopamine receptor. Nature. 1990 Sep 6;347(6288):72-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Zhou QY, Grandy DK, Thambi L, Kushner JA, Van Tol HH, Cone R, Pribnow D, Salon J, Bunzow JR, Civelli O: Cloning and expression of human and rat D1 dopamine receptors. Nature. 1990 Sep 6;347(6288):76-80. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Ohara K, Ulpian C, Seeman P, Sunahara RK, Van Tol HH, Niznik HB: Schizophrenia: dopamine D1 receptor sequence is normal, but has DNA polymorphisms. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1993 Feb;8(2):131-5. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 1 Drug References
  1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 2 [top]
Target 2 ID 694
Target 2 Name Matrix protein 2
Target 2 Synonyms
  1. Proton channel protein M2
Target 2 Gene Name M
Target 2 Protein Sequence >Matrix protein 2 
MSLLTEVETPIRNEWGCRCNDSSDPLVVAASIIGILHLILWILDHLFFKCIYRFFKHGLK
RGPSTEGVPESMREEYRKEQQSAVDADDSHFVSIELE
Target 2 Number of Residues 98
Target 2 Molecular Weight 11166
Target 2 Theoretical pI 4.87
Target 2 GO Classification Not Available
Target 2 General Function Not Available
Target 2 Specific Function Forms a highly low-pH gated proton-selective channel. When the environmental pH is lower than a threshold, the M2 channel is activated and selectively transports protons across the membrane from the extracellular side to the cytoplasmic side. Crucial for the uncoating process. When the virion is internalized into the endosome, the channel acidifies the virion's interior, promoting the dissociation of matrix protein 1 (M1) from the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) thus allowing the transport of the RNP from the virion into the cell's nucleus. Also plays a role in viral proteins secretory pathway. Elevates the intravesicular pH of normally acidic compartments, such as trans-Golgi network, preventing newly formed hemagglutinin from premature switching to the fusion-active conformation
Target 2 Pathways Not Available
Target 2 Reactions Not Available
Target 2 Pfam Domain Function
Target 2 Signals
  • None
Target 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • 23-43
Target 2 Essentiality Essential
Target 2 GenBank ID Protein 324265 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P21430 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name M2_IAANN Link Image
Target 2 PDB ID 1NYJ Link Image
Target 2 PDB File Show
Target 2 3D Structure
Target 2 Cellular Location
  • Virion
  • apical cell membrane
  • single-pass type III membrane protein
  • virion membrane. Cell membrane
Target 2 Gene Sequence >294 bp 
ATGAGTCTTCTAACCGAGGTCGAAACGCCTATCAGAAACGAATGGGGGTGCAGATGCAAC
GATTCAAGTGACCCTCTTGTTGTTGCCGCGAGTATCATTGGGATCTTGCACTTGATATTG
TGGATTCTTGATCATCTTTTTTTCAAATGCATTTATCGCTTCTTTAAACACGGTCTGAAA
AGAGGGCCTTCTACGGAAGGAGTACCAGAGTCTATGAGGGAAGAATATCGAAAGGAACAG
CAGAGTGCTGTGGATGCTGACGATAGTCATTTTGTCAGCATAGAGCTGGAGTAA
Target 2 GenBank Gene ID
Target 2 GeneCard ID Not Available
Target 2 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Target 2 HGNC ID Not Available
Target 2 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 2 Locus Not Available
Target 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 2 General References
  1. Lear JD: Proton conduction through the M2 protein of the influenza A virus; a quantitative, mechanistic analysis of experimental data. FEBS Lett. 2003 Sep 18;552(1):17-22. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Wu Y, Voth GA: Computational studies of proton transport through the M2 channel. FEBS Lett. 2003 Sep 18;552(1):23-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Cox NJ, Kitame F, Kendal AP, Maassab HF, Naeve C: Identification of sequence changes in the cold-adapted, live attenuated influenza vaccine strain, A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2). Virology. 1988 Dec;167(2):554-67. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 2 Drug References
  1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 3 [top]
Target 3 ID 831
Target 3 Name D(2) dopamine receptor
Target 3 Synonyms
  1. Dopamine D2 receptor
Target 3 Gene Name DRD2
Target 3 Protein Sequence >D(2) dopamine receptor 
MDPLNLSWYDDDLERQNWSRPFNGSDGKADRPHYNYYATLLTLLIAVIVFGNVLVCMAVS
REKALQTTTNYLIVSLAVADLLVATLVMPWVVYLEVVGEWKFSRIHCDIFVTLDVMMCTA
SILNLCAISIDRYTAVAMPMLYNTRYSSKRRVTVMISIVWVLSFTISCPLLFGLNNADQN
ECIIANPAFVVYSSIVSFYVPFIVTLLVYIKIYIVLRRRRKRVNTKRSSRAFRAHLRAPL
KGNCTHPEDMKLCTVIMKSNGSFPVNRRRVEAARRAQELEMEMLSSTSPPERTRYSPIPP
SHHQLTLPDPSHHGLHSTPDSPAKPEKNGHAKDHPKIAKIFEIQTMPNGKTRTSLKTMSR
RKLSQQKEKKATQMLAIVLGVFIICWLPFFITHILNIHCDCNIPPVLYSAFTWLGYVNSA
VNPIIYTTFNIEFRKAFLKILHC
Target 3 Number of Residues 450
Target 3 Molecular Weight 50620
Target 3 Theoretical pI 9.85
Target 3 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity
rhodopsin-like receptor activity
amine receptor activity
dopamine receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 3 General Function Involved in dopamine receptor activity
Target 3 Specific Function This is one of the five types (D1 to D5) of receptors for dopamine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase
Target 3 Pathways Not Available
Target 3 Reactions Not Available
Target 3 Pfam Domain Function
Target 3 Signals
  • None
Target 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • 38-60
  • 72-97
  • 109-130
  • 152-174
  • 187-210
  • 374-397
  • 406-429
Target 3 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 3 GenBank ID Protein 181432 Link Image
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P14416 Link Image
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name DRD2_HUMAN Link Image
Target 3 PDB ID Not Available
Target 3 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 3 Gene Sequence >1332 bp 
ATGGATCCACTGAATCTGTCCTGGTATGATGATGATCTGGAGAGGCAGAACTGGAGCCGG
CCCTTCAACGGGTCAGACGGGAAGGCGGACAGACCCCACTACAACTACTATGCCACACTG
CTCACCCTGCTCATCGCTGTCATCGTCTTCGGCAACGTGCTGGTGTGCATGGCTGTGTCC
CGCGAGAAGGCGCTGCAGACCACCACCAACTACCTGATCGTCAGCCTCGCAGTGGCCGAC
CTCCTCGTCGCCACACTGGTCATGCCATGGGTTGTCTACCTGGAGGTGGTAGGTGAGTGG
AAATTCAGCAGGATTCACTGTGACATCTTCGTCACTCTGGACGTCATGATGTGCACGGCG
AGCATCCTGAACTTGTGTGCCATCAGCATCGACAGGTACACAGCTGTGGCCATGCCCATG
CTGTACAATACGCGCTACAGCTCCAAGCGCCGGGTCACCGTCATGATCTCCATCGTCTGG
GTCCTGTCCTTCACCATCTCCTGCCCACTCCTCTTCGGACTCAATAACGCAGACCAGAAC
GAGTGCATCATTGCCAACCCGGCCTTCGTGGTCTACTCCTCCATCGTCTCCTTCTACGTG
CCCTTCATTGTCACCCTGCTGGTCTACATCAAGATCTACATTGTCCTCCGCAGACGCCGC
AAGCGAGTCAACACCAAACGCAGCAGCCGAGCTTTCAGGGCCCACCTGAGGGCTCCACTA
AAGGGCAACTGTACTCACCCCGAGGACATGAAACTCTGCACCGTTATCATGAAGTCTAAT
GGGAGTTTCCCAGTGAACAGGCGGAGAGTGGAGGCTGCCCGGCGAGCCCAGGAGCTGGAG
ATGGAGATGCTCTCCAGCACCAGCCCACCCGAGAGGACCCGGTACAGCCCCATCCCACCC
AGCCACCACCAGCTGACTCTCCCCGACCCGTCCCACCACGGTCTCCACAGCACTCCTGAC
AGCCCCGCCAAACCAGAGAAGAATGGGCATGCCAAAGACCACCCCAAGATTGCCAAGATC
TTTGAGATCCAGACCATGCCCAATGGCAAAACCCGGACCTCCCTCAAGACCATGAGCCGT
AGAAAGCTCTCCCAGCAGAAGGAGAAGAAAGCCACTCAGATGCTCGCCATTGTTCTCGGC
GTGTTCATCATCTGCTGGCTGCCCTTCTTCATCACACACATCCTGAACATACACTGTGAC
TGCAACATCCCGCCTGTCCTGTACAGCGCCTTCACGTGGCTGGGCTATGTCAACAGCGCC
GTGAACCCCATCATCTACACCACCTTCAACATTGAGTTCCGCAAGGCCTTCCTGAAGATC
CTTCACTGCTGA
Target 3 GenBank Gene ID
Target 3 GeneCard ID DRD2 Link Image
Target 3 GenAtlas ID DRD2 Link Image
Target 3 HGNC ID HGNC:3023 Link Image
Target 3 Chromosome Location 11
Target 3 Locus 11q23
Target 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 3 General References
  1. Klein C, Brin MF, Kramer P, Sena-Esteves M, de Leon D, Doheny D, Bressman S, Fahn S, Breakefield XO, Ozelius LJ: Association of a missense change in the D2 dopamine receptor with myoclonus dystonia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Apr 27;96(9):5173-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Seeman P, Nam D, Ulpian C, Liu IS, Tallerico T: New dopamine receptor, D2(Longer), with unique TG splice site, in human brain. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2000 Mar 10;76(1):132-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Araki K, Kuwano R, Morii K, Hayashi S, Minoshima S, Shimizu N, Katagiri T, Usui H, Kumanishi T, Takahashi Y: Structure and expression of human and rat D2 dopamine receptor genes. Neurochem Int. 1992 Jul;21(1):91-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Dearry A, Falardeau P, Shores C, Caron MG: D2 dopamine receptors in the human retina: cloning of cDNA and localization of mRNA. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 1991 Oct;11(5):437-53. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Stormann TM, Gdula DC, Weiner DM, Brann MR: Molecular cloning and expression of a dopamine D2 receptor from human retina. Mol Pharmacol. 1990 Jan;37(1):1-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Robakis NK, Mohamadi M, Fu DY, Sambamurti K, Refolo LM: Human retina D2 receptor cDNAs have multiple polyadenylation sites and differ from a pituitary clone at the 5' non-coding region. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Mar 11;18(5):1299. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Selbie LA, Hayes G, Shine J: DNA homology screening: isolation and characterization of the human D2A dopamine receptor subtype. Adv Second Messenger Phosphoprotein Res. 1990;24:9-14. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Dal Toso R, Sommer B, Ewert M, Herb A, Pritchett DB, Bach A, Shivers BD, Seeburg PH: The dopamine D2 receptor: two molecular forms generated by alternative splicing. EMBO J. 1989 Dec 20;8(13):4025-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Grandy DK, Marchionni MA, Makam H, Stofko RE, Alfano M, Frothingham L, Fischer JB, Burke-Howie KJ, Bunzow JR, Server AC, et al.: Cloning of the cDNA and gene for a human D2 dopamine receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Dec;86(24):9762-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Selbie LA, Hayes G, Shine J: The major dopamine D2 receptor: molecular analysis of the human D2A subtype. DNA. 1989 Nov;8(9):683-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. 7902708 Itokawa M, Arinami T, Futamura N, Hamaguchi H, Toru M: A structural polymorphism of human dopamine D2 receptor, D2(Ser311-->Cys). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Nov 15;196(3):1369-75.
  12. 8471125 Seeman P, Ohara K, Ulpian C, Seeman MV, Jellinger K, Van Tol HH, Niznik HB: Schizophrenia: normal sequence in the dopamine D2 receptor region that couples to G-proteins. DNA polymorphisms in D2. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1993 Feb;8(2):137-42.
Target 3 Drug References
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This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.