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Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-06-13 13:24:05
Update Date 2009-02-19 16:04:16
Primary Accession Number DB00806
Secondary Accession Number
  • APRD00121
Name Pentoxifylline
Drug Type
  • Approved
  • Investigational
  • Small Molecule
Description A methylxanthine derivative that inhibits phosphodiesterase and affects blood rheology. It improves blood flow by increasing erythrocyte and leukocyte flexibility. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. Pentoxifylline modulates immunologic activity by stimulating cytokine production. [PubChem]
Synonyms
  1. EHT0201
  2. pentoxifylline
Brand Names
  1. Azupentat
  2. Dimethyloxohexylxanthine
  3. Durapental
  4. Oxpentifylline
  5. PENTOXYPHYLINE
  6. Pentoxifyllin
  7. Pentoxil
  8. Pentoxiphyllium
  9. Pentoxyfylline
  10. Pentoxyphylline
  11. Rentylin
  12. Torental
  13. Trental
  14. Vazofirin
Brand Mixtures Not Available
Chemical IUPAC Name 3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxohexyl)purine-2,6-dione
Chemical Formula C13H18N4O3
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 6493-05-6
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C13H18N4O3/c1-9(18)6-4-5-7-17-12(19)10-11(14-8-15(10)2)16(3)13(17)20/h8H,4-7H2,1-3H3
InChI Key BYPFEZZEUUWMEJ-UHFFFAOYAP
KEGG Drug D00501 Link Image
KEGG Compound C07424 Link Image
PubChem Compound 4740 Link Image
PubChem Substance 165572 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
PharmGKB ID Not Available
HET ID Not Available
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] 01968432 Link Image
RxList Link http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/pentox.htm Link Image
PDRhealth Link Not Available
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentoxifylline Link Image
FDA Label
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Synthesis Reference Mohler et al., U.S. Pat. 3,422,107 (1969)
Average Molecular Weight 278.3070
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 278.1379
State Solid
Melting Point 105oC
Experimental Water Solubility 77 mg/mL Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 5.17e+00 mg/mL Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity
Predicted LogP 0.08 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS Not Available
Predicted LogS -1.73 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability Not Available
pKa/Isoelectric Point Not Available
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Isomeric SMILES CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(CCCCC(C)=O)C(=O)N2C
Canonical SMILES CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(CCCCC(C)=O)C(=O)N2C
Drug Category
  • Free Radical Scavengers
  • Hematologic Agents
  • Hemorrheologic Agents
  • Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
  • Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
  • Radiation-Protective Agents
  • Vasodilator Agents
ATC Codes
AHFS Codes
  • 20:24.00
Indication For the treatment of patients with intermittent lameness or immobility arising from chronic occlusive arterial disease of the limbs.
Pharmacology Pentoxifylline, a synthetic dimethylxanthine derivative structurally related to theophylline and caffeine, is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.
Mechanism of Action Pentoxifylline inhibits erythrocyte phosphodiesterase, resulting in an increase in erythrocyte cAMP activity. Subsequently, the erythrocyte membrane becomes more resistant to deformity. Along with erythrocyte activity, pentoxifylline also decreases blood viscosity by reducing plasma fibrinogen concentrations and increasing fibrinolytic activity.
Absorption Not Available
Toxicity LD50=1385 mg/kg(orally in mice)
Protein Binding 70%
Biotransformation Not Available
Half Life 0.4-0.8 hours
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Tablet, extended release Oral
Patient Information Not Available
Contraindications Show Link Image
Interactions Show Link Image
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Acenocoumarol Pentoxifylline increases the anticoagulant effect
Aminophylline Pentoxifylline increases the effect and toxicity of theophylline
Anisindione Pentoxifylline increases the anticoagulant effect
Dicumarol Pentoxifylline increases the anticoagulant effect
Dyphylline Pentoxifylline increases the effect and toxicity of theophylline
Oxtriphylline Pentoxifylline increases the effect and toxicity of theophylline
Theophylline Pentoxifylline increases the effect and toxicity of theophylline
Warfarin Pentoxifylline increases the anticoagulant effect
Food Interactions
  • Take with food to reduce irritation. Limit caffeine intake.
Pathways Not Available
General References
  1. : European Pentoxifylline Multi-Infarct Dementia Study. Eur Neurol. 1996;36(5):315-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Drugs.com Link Image
  3. Wikipedia Link Image
  4. RxList Link Image
Organisms Affected
  • Humans and other mammals
Targets
  1. cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase
  2. cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B
  3. 5'-nucleotidase
  4. cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 204
Target 1 Name cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. CGB-PDE
  2. EC 3.1.4.35
  3. cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase
Target 1 Gene Name PDE5A
Target 1 Protein Sequence >cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 
MERAGPSFGQQRQQQQPQQQKQQQRDQDSVEAWLDDHWDFTFSYFVRKATREMVNAWFAE
RVHTIPVCKEGIRGHTESCSCPLQQSPRADNSVPGTPTRKISASEFDRPLRPIVVKDSEG
TVSFLSDSEKKEQMPLTPPRFDHDEGDQCSRLLELVKDISSHLDVTALCHKIFLHIHGLI
SADRYSLFLVCEDSSNDKFLISRLFDVAEGSTLEEVSNNCIRLEWNKGIVGHVAALGEPL
NIKDAYEDPRFNAEVDQITGYKTQSILCMPIKNHREEVVGVAQAINKKSGNGGTFTEKDE
KDFAAYLAFCGIVLHNAQLYETSLLENKRNQVLLDLASLIFEEQQSLEVILKKIAATIIS
FMQVQKCTIFIVDEDCSDSFSSVFHMECEELEKSSDTLTREHDANKINYMYAQYVKNTME
PLNIPDVSKDKRFPWTTENTGNVNQQCIRSLLCTPIKNGKKNKVIGVCQLVNKMEENTGK
VKPFNRNDEQFLEAFVIFCGLGIQNTQMYEAVERAMAKQMVTLEVLSYHASAAEEETREL
QSLAAAVVPSAQTLKITDFSFSDFELSDLETALCTIRMFTDLNLVQNFQMKHEVLCRWIL
SVKKNYRKNVAYHNWRHAFNTAQCMFAALKAGKIQNKLTDLEILALLIAALSHDLDHRGV
NNSYIQRSEHPLAQLYCHSIMEHHHFDQCLMILNSPGNQILSGLSIEEYKTTLKIIKQAI
LATDLALYIKRRGEFFELIRKNQFNLEDPHQKELFLAMLMTACDLSAITKPWPIQQRIAE
LVATEFFDQGDRERKELNIEPTDLMNREKKNKIPSMQVGFIDAICLQLYEALTHVSEDCF
PLLDGCRKNRQKWQALAEQQEKMLINGESGQAKRN
Target 1 Number of Residues 889
Target 1 Molecular Weight 100014
Target 1 Theoretical pI 6.00
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
hydrolase activity
hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
phosphoric ester hydrolase activity
phosphoric diester hydrolase activity
cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
catalytic activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
Component
Not Available
Target 1 General Function Involved in catalytic activity
Target 1 Specific Function Plays a role in signal transduction by regulating the intracellular concentration of cyclic nucleotides. This phosphodiesterase catalyzes the specific hydrolysis of cGMP to 5'- GMP
Target 1 Pathways Not Available
Target 1 Reactions
  • guanosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = guanosine 5'-phosphate
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function
Target 1 Signals
  • None
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 1 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein 3420185 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O76074 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PDE5A_HUMAN Link Image
Target 1 PDB ID 1T9R Link Image
Target 1 PDB File Show
Target 1 3D Structure
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasmic
Target 1 Gene Sequence >2628 bp 
ATGGAGCGGGCCGGCCCCAGCTTCGGGCAGCAGCGACAGCAGCAGCAGCCCCAGCAGCAG
AAGCAGCAGCAGAGGGATCAGGACTCGGTCGAAGCATGGCTGGACGATCACTGGGACTTT
ACCTTCTCATACTTTGTTAGAAAAGCCACCAGAGAAATGGTCAATGCATGGTTTGCTGAG
AGAGTTCACACCATCCCTGTGTGCAAGGAAGGTATCAGAGGCCACACCGAATCTTGCTCT
TGTCCCTTGCAGCAGAGTCCTCGTGCAGATAACAGTGTCCCTGGAACACCAACCAGGAAA
ATCTCTGCCTCTGAATTTGACCGGCCTCTTAGACCCATTGTTGTCAAGGATTCTGAGGGA
ACTGTGAGCTTCCTCTCTGACTCAGAAAAGAAGGAACAGATGCCTCTAACCCCTCCAAGG
TTTGATCATGATGAAGGGGACCAGTGCTCAAGACTCTTGGAATTAGTGAAGGATATTTCT
AGTCATTTGGATGTCACAGCCTTATGTCACAAAATTTTCTTGCATATCCATGGACTGATA
TCTGCTGACCGCTATTCCCTGTTCCTTGTCTGTGAAGACAGCTCCAATGACAAGTTTCTT
ATCAGCCGCCTCTTTGATGTTGCTGAAGGTTCAACACTGGAAGAAGTTTCAAATAACTGT
ATCCGCTTAGAATGGAACAAAGGCATTGTGGGACATGTGGCAGCGCTTGGTGAGCCCTTG
AACATCAAAGATGCATATGAGGATCCTCGGTTCAATGCAGAAGTTGACCAAATTACAGGC
TACAAGACACAAAGCATTCTTTGTATGCCAATTAAGAATCATAGGGAAGAGGTTGTTGGT
GTAGCCCAGGCCATCAACAAGAAATCAGGAAACGGTGGGACATTTACTGAAAAAGATGAA
AAGGACTTTGCTGCTTATTTGGCATTTTGTGGTATTGTTCTTCATAATGCTCAGCTCTAT
GAGACTTCACTGCTGGAGAACAAGAGAAATCAGGTGCTGCTTGACCTTGCTAGTTTAATT
TTTGAAGAACAACAATCATTAGAAGTAATTTTGAAGAAAATAGCTGCCACTATTATCTCT
TTCATGCAAGTGCAGAAATGCACCATTTTCATAGTGGATGAAGATTGCTCCGATTCTTTT
TCTAGTGTGTTTCACATGGAGTGTGAGGAATTAGAAAAATCATCTGATACATTAACAAGG
GAACATGATGCAAACAAAATCAATTACATGTATGCTCAGTATGTCAAAAATACTATGGAA
CCACTTAATATCCCAGATGTCAGTAAGGATAAAAGATTTCCCTGGACAACTGAAAATACA
GGAAATGTAAACCAGCAGTGCATTAGAAGTTTGCTTTGTACACCTATAAAAAATGGAAAG
AAGAATAAAGTTATAGGGGTTTGCCAACTTGTTAATAAGATGGAGGAGAATACTGGCAAG
GTTAAGCCTTTCAACCGAAATGACGAACAGTTTCTGGAAGCTTTTGTCATCTTTTGTGGC
TTGGGGATCCAGAACACGCAGATGTATGAAGCAGTGGAGAGAGCCATGGCCAAGCAAATG
GTCACATTGGAGGTTCTGTCGTATCATGCTTCAGCAGCAGAGGAAGAAACAAGAGAGCTA
CAGTCGTTAGCGGCTGCTGTGGTGCCATCTGCCCAGACCCTTAAAATTACTGACTTTAGC
TTCAGTGACTTTGAGCTGTCTGATCTGGAAACAGCACTGTGTACAATTCGGATGTTTACT
GACCTCAACCTTGTGCAGAACTTCCAGATGAAACATGAGGTTCTTTGCAGATGGATTTTA
AGTGTTAAGAAGAATTATCGGAAGAATGTTGCCTATCATAATTGGAGACATGCCTTTAAT
ACAGCTCAGTGCATGTTTGCTGCTCTAAAAGCAGGCAAAATTCAGAACAAGCTGACTGAC
CTGGAGATACTTGCATTGCTGATTGCTGCACTAAGCCACGATTTGGATCACCGTGGTGTG
AATAACTCTTACATACAGCGAAGTGAACATCCACTTGCCCAGCTTTACTGCCATTCAATC
ATGGAACACCATCATTTTGACCAGTGCCTGATGATTCTTAATAGTCCAGGCAATCAGATT
CTCAGTGGCCTCTCCATTGAAGAATATAAGACCACGTTGAAAATAATCAAGCAAGCTATT
TTAGCTACAGACCTAGCACTGTACATTAAGAGGCGAGGAGAATTTTTTGAACTTATAAGA
AAAAATCAATTCAATTTGGAAGATCCTCATCAAAAGGAGTTGTTTTTGGCAATGCTGATG
ACAGCTTGTGATCTTTCTGCAATTACAAAACCCTGGCCTATTCAACAACGGATAGCAGAA
CTTGTAGCAACTGAATTTTTTGATCAAGGAGACAGAGAGAGAAAAGAACTCAACATAGAA
CCCACTGATCTAATGAACAGGGAGAAGAAAAACAAAATCCCAAGTATGCAAGTTGGGTTC
ATAGATGCCATCTGCTTGCAACTGTATGAGGCCCTGACCCACGTGTCAGAGGACTGTTTC
CCTTTGCTAGATGGCTGCAGAAAGAACAGGCAGAAATGGCAGGCCCTTGCAGAACAGCAG
GAGAAGATGCTGATTAATGGGGAAAGCGGCCAGGCCAAGCGGAACTGA
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID PDE5A Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID PDE5A Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:8784 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location 4
Target 1 Locus 4q25-q27
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 General References
  1. Zhou L, Thompson WJ, Potter DE: Multiple cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in human trabecular meshwork cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999 Jul;40(8):1745-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Sung BJ, Hwang KY, Jeon YH, Lee JI, Heo YS, Kim JH, Moon J, Yoon JM, Hyun YL, Kim E, Eum SJ, Park SY, Lee JO, Lee TG, Ro S, Cho JM: Structure of the catalytic domain of human phosphodiesterase 5 with bound drug molecules. Nature. 2003 Sep 4;425(6953):98-102. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Stacey P, Rulten S, Dapling A, Phillips SC: Molecular cloning and expression of human cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE5). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Jun 18;247(2):249-54. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Loughney K, Hill TR, Florio VA, Uher L, Rosman GJ, Wolda SL, Jones BA, Howard ML, McAllister-Lucas LM, Sonnenburg WK, Francis SH, Corbin JD, Beavo JA, Ferguson K: Isolation and characterization of cDNAs encoding PDE5A, a human cGMP-binding, cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. Gene. 1998 Aug 17;216(1):139-47. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Yanaka N, Kotera J, Ohtsuka A, Akatsuka H, Imai Y, Michibata H, Fujishige K, Kawai E, Takebayashi S, Okumura K, Omori K: Expression, structure and chromosomal localization of the human cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE5A gene. Eur J Biochem. 1998 Jul 15;255(2):391-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 1 Drug References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 2 [top]
Target 2 ID 541
Target 2 Name cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B
Target 2 Synonyms
  1. DPDE4
  2. EC 3.1.4.17
  3. PDE32
Target 2 Gene Name PDE4B
Target 2 Protein Sequence >cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B 
MKKSRSVMTVMADDNVKDYFECSLSKSYSSSSNTLGIDLWRGRRCCSGNLQLPPLSQRQS
ERARTPEGDGISRPTTLPLTTLPSIAITTVSQECFDVENGPSPGRSPLDPQASSSAGLVL
HATFPGHSQRRESFLYRSDSDYDLSPKAMSRNSSLPSEQHGDDLIVTPFAQVLASLRSVR
NNFTILTNLHGTSNKRSPAASQPPVSRVNPQEESYQKLAMETLEELDWCLDQLETIQTYR
SVSEMASNKFKRMLNRELTHLSEMSRSGNQVSEYISNTFLDKQNDVEIPSPTQKDREKKK
KQQLMTQISGVKKLMHSSSLNNTSISRFGVNTENEDHLAKELEDLNKWGLNIFNVAGYSH
NRPLTCIMYAIFQERDLLKTFRISSDTFITYMMTLEDHYHSDVAYHNSLHAADVAQSTHV
LLSTPALDAVFTDLEILAAIFAAAIHDVDHPGVSNQFLINTNSELALMYNDESVLENHHL
AVGFKLLQEEHCDIFMNLTKKQRQTLRKMVIDMVLATDMSKHMSLLADLKTMVETKKVTS
SGVLLLDNYTDRIQVLRNMVHCADLSNPTKSLELYRQWTDRIMEEFFQQGDKERERGMEI
SPMCDKHTASVEKSQVGFIDYIVHPLWETWADLVQPDAQDILDTLEDNRNWYQSMIPQSP
SPPLDEQNRDCQGLMEKFQFELTLDEEDSEGPEKEGEGHSYFSSTKTLCVIDPENRDSLG
ETDIDIATEDKSPVDT
Target 2 Number of Residues 748
Target 2 Molecular Weight 83344
Target 2 Theoretical pI 4.89
Target 2 GO Classification
Function
hydrolase activity
hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
phosphoric ester hydrolase activity
phosphoric diester hydrolase activity
cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
catalytic activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
Component
Not Available
Target 2 General Function Involved in cAMP phosphodiesterase activity
Target 2 Specific Function May be involved in mediating central nervous system effects of therapeutic agents ranging from antidepressants to antiasthmatic and anti-inflammatory agents
Target 2 Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Purine metabolism SMP00050 Link Image map00230 Link Image
Target 2 Reactions
  • nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate
Target 2 Pfam Domain Function
Target 2 Signals
  • None
Target 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 2 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 2 GenBank ID Protein 347122 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q07343 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PDE4B_HUMAN Link Image
Target 2 PDB ID 1TB5 Link Image
Target 2 PDB File Show
Target 2 3D Structure
Target 2 Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasmic
Target 2 Gene Sequence >2211 bp 
ATGAAGAAAAGCAGGAGTGTGATGACGGTGATGGCTGATGATAATGTTAAAGATTATTTT
GAATGTAGCTTGAGTAAATCCTACAGTTCTTCCAGTAACACACTTGGGATCGACCTCTGG
AGAGGGAGAAGGTGTTGCTCAGGAAACTTACAGTTACCACCACTGTCTCAAAGACAGAGT
GAAAGGGCAAGGACTCCTGAGGGAGATGGTATTTCCAGGCCGACCACACTGCCTTTGACA
ACGCTTCCAAGCATTGCTATTACAACTGTAAGCCAGGAGTGCTTTGATGTGGAAAATGGC
CCTTCCCCAGGTCGGAGTCCACTGGATCCCCAGGCCAGCTCTTCCGCTGGGCTGGTACTT
CACGCCACCTTTCCTGGGCACAGCCAGCGCAGAGAGTCATTTCTCTACAGATCAGACAGC
GACTATGACTTGTCACCAAAGGCGATGTCGAGAAACTCTTCTCTTCCAAGCGAGCAACAC
GGCGATGACTTGATTGTAACTCCTTTTGCCCAGGTCCTTGCCAGCTTGCGAAGTGTGAGA
AACAACTTCACTATACTGACAAACCTTCATGGTACATCTAACAAGAGGTCCCCAGCTGCT
AGTCAGCCTCCTGTCTCCAGAGTCAACCCACAAGAAGAATCTTATCAAAAATTAGCAATG
GAAACGCTGGAGGAATTAGACTGGTGTTTAGACCAGCTAGAGACCATACAGACCTACCGG
TCTGTCAGTGAGATGGCTTCTAACAAGTTCAAAAGAATGCTGAACCGGGAGCTGACACAC
CTCTCAGAGATGAGCCGATCAGGGAACCAGGTGTCTGAATACATTTCAAATACTTTCTTA
GACAAGCAGAATGATGTGGAGATCCCATCTCCTACCCAGAAAGACAGGGAGAAAAAGAAA
AAGCAGCAGCTCATGACCCAGATAAGTGGAGTGAAGAAATTAATGCATAGTTCAAGCCTA
AACAATACAAGCATCTCACGCTTTGGAGTCAACACTGAAAATGAAGATCACCTGGCCAAG
GAGCTGGAAGACCTGAACAAATGGGGTCTTAACATCTTTAATGTGGCTGGATATTCTCAC
AATAGACCCCTAACATGCATCATGTATGCTATATTCCAGGAAAGAGACCTCCTAAAGACA
TTCAGAATCTCATCTGACACATTTATAACCTACATGATGACTTTAGAAGACCATTACCAT
TCTGACGTGGCATATCACAACAGCCTGCACGCTGCTGATGTAGCCCAGTCGACCCATGTT
CTCCTTTCTACACCAGCATTAGACGCTGTCTTCACAGATTTGGAGATCCTGGCTGCCATT
TTTGCAGCTGCCATCCATGACGTTGATCATCCTGGAGTCTCCAATCAGTTTCTCATCAAC
ACAAATTCAGAACTTGCTTTGATGTATAATGATGAATCTGTGTTGGAAAATCATCACCTT
GCTGTGGGTTTCAAACTGCTGCAAGAAGAACACTGTGACATCTTCATGAATCTCACCAAG
AAGCAGCGTCAGACACTCAGGAAGATGGTTATTGACATGGTGTTAGCAACTGATATGTCT
AAACATATGAGCCTGCTGGCAGACCTGAAGACAATGGTAGAAACGAAGAAAGTTACAAGT
TCAGGCGTTCTTCTCCTAGACAACTATACCGATCGCATTCAGGTCCTTCGCAACATGGTA
CACTGTGCAGACCTGAGCAACCCCACCAAGTCCTTGGAATTGTATCGGCAATGGACAGAC
CGCATCATGGAGGAATTTTTCCAGCAGGGAGACAAAGAGCGGGAGAGGGGAATGGAAATT
AGCCCAATGTGTGATAAACACACAGCTTCTGTGGAAAAATCCCAGGTTGGTTTCATCGAC
TACATTGTCCATCCATTGTGGGAGACATGGGCAGATTTGGTACAGCCTGATGCTCAGGAC
ATTCTCGATACCTTAGAAGATAACAGGAACTGGTATCAGAGCATGATACCTCAAAGTCCC
TCACCACCACTGGACGAGCAGAACAGGGACTGCCAGGGTCTGATGGAGAAGTTTCAGTTT
GAACTGACTCTCGATGAGGAAGATTCTGAAGGACCTGAGAAGGAGGGAGAGGGACACAGC
TATTTCAGCAGCACAAAGACGCTTTGTGTGATTGATCCAGAAAACAGAGATTCCCTGGGA
GAGACTGACATAGACATTGCAACAGAAGACAAGTCCCCCGTGGATACATAA
Target 2 GenBank Gene ID
Target 2 GeneCard ID PDE4B Link Image
Target 2 GenAtlas ID PDE4B Link Image
Target 2 HGNC ID HGNC:8781 Link Image
Target 2 Chromosome Location 1
Target 2 Locus 1p31
Target 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 2 General References
  1. McLaughlin MM, Cieslinski LB, Burman M, Torphy TJ, Livi GP: A low-Km, rolipram-sensitive, cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase from human brain. Cloning and expression of cDNA, biochemical characterization of recombinant protein, and tissue distribution of mRNA. J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 25;268(9):6470-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Bolger G, Michaeli T, Martins T, St John T, Steiner B, Rodgers L, Riggs M, Wigler M, Ferguson K: A family of human phosphodiesterases homologous to the dunce learning and memory gene product of Drosophila melanogaster are potential targets for antidepressant drugs. Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Oct;13(10):6558-71. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Huston E, Lumb S, Russell A, Catterall C, Ross AH, Steele MR, Bolger GB, Perry MJ, Owens RJ, Houslay MD: Molecular cloning and transient expression in COS7 cells of a novel human PDE4B cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase, HSPDE4B3. Biochem J. 1997 Dec 1;328 ( Pt 2):549-58. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 2 Drug References
  1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 3 [top]
Target 3 ID 1830
Target 3 Name 5'-nucleotidase
Target 3 Synonyms
  1. 5'-NT
  2. 5'-nucleotidase precursor
  3. CD73 antigen
  4. EC 3.1.3.5
  5. Ecto-5'-nucleotidase
Target 3 Gene Name NT5E
Target 3 Protein Sequence >5'-nucleotidase precursor 
MCPRAARAPATLLLALGAVLWPAAGAWELTILHTNDVHSRLEQTSEDSSKCVNASRCMGG
VARLFTKVQQIRRAEPNVLLLDAGDQYQGTIWFTVYKGAEVAHFMNALRYDAMALGNHEF
DNGVEGLIEPLLKEAKFPILSANIKAKGPLASQISGLYLPYKVLPVGDEVVGIVGYTSKE
TPFLSNPGTNLVFEDEITALQPEVDKLKTLNVNKIIALGHSGFEMDKLIAQKVRGVDVVV
GGHSNTFLYTGNPPSKEVPAGKYPFIVTSDDGRKVPVVQAYAFGKYLGYLKIEFDERGNV
ISSHGNPILLNSSIPEDPSIKADINKWRIKLDNYSTQELGKTIVYLDGSSQSCRFRECNM
GNLICDAMINNNLRHTDEMFWNHVSMCILNGGGIRSPIDERNNGTITWENLAAVLPFGGT
FDLVQLKGSTLKKAFEHSVHRYGQSTGEFLQVGGIHVVYDLSRKPGDRVVKLDVLCTKCR
VPSYDPLKMDEVYKVILPNFLANGGDGFQMIKDELLRHDSGDQDINVVSTYISKMKVIYP
AVEGRIKFSTGSHCHGSFSLIFLSLWAVIFVLYQ
Target 3 Number of Residues 583
Target 3 Molecular Weight 63368
Target 3 Theoretical pI 7.04
Target 3 GO Classification
Function
hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
catalytic activity
hydrolase activity
Process
physiological process
metabolism
cellular metabolism
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
nucleotide metabolism
nucleotide catabolism
Component
Not Available
Target 3 General Function Nucleotide transport and metabolism
Target 3 Specific Function Hydrolyzes extracellular nucleotides into membrane permeable nucleosides
Target 3 Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Purine metabolism SMP00050 Link Image map00230 Link Image
Target 3 Reactions
  • a 5'-ribonucleotide + H2O = a ribonucleoside + phosphate
Target 3 Pfam Domain Function
Target 3 Signals
  • 1-26
Target 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 3 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 3 GenBank ID Protein 23897 Link Image
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P21589 Link Image
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name 5NTD_HUMAN Link Image
Target 3 PDB ID Not Available
Target 3 Cellular Location
  • Cell membrane
  • GPI-anchor
  • lipid-anchor
Target 3 Gene Sequence >1725 bp 
ATGTGTCCCCGAGCCGCGCGGGCGCCCGCGACGCTACTCCTCGCCCTGGGCGCGGTGCTG
TGGCCTGCGGCTGGCGCCTGGGAGCTTACGATTTTGCACACCAACGACGTGCACAGCCGG
CTGGAGCAGACCAGCGAGGACTCCAGCAAGTGCGTCAACGCCAGCCGCTGCATGGGTGGC
GTGGCTCGGCTCTTCACCAAGGTTCAGCAGATCCGCCGCGCCGAACCCAACGTGCTGCTG
CTGGACGCCGGCGACCAGTACCAGGGCACTATCTGGTTCACCGTGTACAAGGGCGCCGAG
GTGGCGCACTTCATGAACGCCCTGCGCTACGATGCCATGGCACTGGGAAATCATGAATTT
GATAATGGTGTGGAAGGACTGATCGAGCCACTCCTCAAAGAGGCCAAATTTCCAATTCTG
AGTGCAAACATTAAAGCAAAGGGGCCACTAGCATCTCAAATATCAGGACTTTATTTGCCA
TATAAAGTTCTTCCTGTTGGTGATGAAGTTGTGGGAATCGTTGGATACACTTCCAAAGAA
ACCCCTTTTCTCTCAAATCCAGGGACAAATTTAGTGTTTGAAGATGAAATCACTGCATTA
CAACCTGAAGTAGATAAGTTAAAAACTCTAAATGTGAACAAAATTATTGCACTGGGACAT
TCGGGTTTTGAAATGGATAAACTCATCGCTCAGAAAGTGAGGGGTGTGGACGTCGTGGTG
GGAGGACACTCCAACACATTTCTTTACACAGGCAATCCACCTTCCAAAGAGGTGCCTGCT
GGGAAGTACCCATTCATAGTCACTTCTGATGATGGGCGGAAGGTTCCTGTAGTCCAGGCC
TATGCTTTTGGCAAATACCTAGGCTATCTGAAGATCGAGTTTGATGAAAGAGGAAACGTC
ATCTCTTCCCATGGAAATCCCATTCTTCTAAACAGCAGCATTCCTGAAGATCCAAGCATA
AAAGCAGACATTAACAAATGGAGGATAAAATTGGATAATTATTCTACCCAGGAATTAGGG
AAAACAATTGTCTATCTGGATGGCTCCTCTCAATCATGCCGCTTTAGAGAATGCAACATG
GGCAACCTGATTTGTGATGCAATGATTAACAACAACCTGAGACACACGGATGAAATGTTC
TGGAACCACGTATCCATGTGCATTTTAAATGGAGGTGGTATCCGGTCGCCCATTGATGAA
CGCAACAATGGCACAATTACCTGGGAGAACCTGGCTGCTGTATTGCCCTTTGGAGGCACA
TTTGACCTAGTCCAGTTAAAAGGTTCCACCCTGAAGAAGGCCTTTGAGCATAGCGTGCAC
CGCTACGGCCAGTCCACTGGAGAGTTCCTGCAGGTGGGCGGAATCCATGTGGTGTATGAT
CTTTCCCGAAAACCTGGAGACAGAGTAGTCAAATTAGATGTTCTTTGCACCAAGTGTCGA
GTGCCCAGTTATGACCCTCTCAAAATGGACGAGGTATATAAGGTGATCCTCCCAAACTTC
CTGGCCAATGGTGGAGATGGGTTCCAGATGATAAAAGATGAATTATTAAGACATGACTCT
GGTGACCAAGATATCAACGTGGTTTCTACATATATCTCCAAAATGAAAGTAATTTATCCA
GCAGTTGAAGGTCGGATCAAGTTTTCCACAGGAAGTCACTGCCATGGAAGCTTTTCTTTA
ATATTTCTTTCACTTTGGGCAGTGATCTTTGTTTTATACCAATAG
Target 3 GenBank Gene ID
Target 3 GeneCard ID NT5E Link Image
Target 3 GenAtlas ID NT5E Link Image
Target 3 HGNC ID HGNC:8021 Link Image
Target 3 Chromosome Location 6
Target 3 Locus 6q14-q21
Target 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 3 General References
  1. Misumi Y, Ogata S, Ohkubo K, Hirose S, Ikehara Y: Primary structure of human placental 5'-nucleotidase and identification of the glycolipid anchor in the mature form. Eur J Biochem. 1990 Aug 17;191(3):563-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Klemens MR, Sherman WR, Holmberg NJ, Ruedi JM, Low MG, Thompson LF: Characterization of soluble vs membrane-bound human placental 5'-nucleotidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Nov 15;172(3):1371-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Hansen KR, Resta R, Webb CF, Thompson LF: Isolation and characterization of the promoter of the human 5'-nucleotidase (CD73)-encoding gene. Gene. 1995 Dec 29;167(1-2):307-12. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Rosi F, Agostinho AB, Carlucci F, Zanoni L, Porcelli B, Marinello E, Galieni P, Tabucchi A: Behaviour of human lymphocytic isoenzymes of 5'-nucleotidase. Life Sci. 1998;62(25):2257-66. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 3 Drug References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 4 [top]
Target 4 ID 1971
Target 4 Name cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A
Target 4 Synonyms
  1. DPDE2
  2. EC 3.1.4.17
  3. PDE46
Target 4 Gene Name PDE4A
Target 4 Protein Sequence >cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A 
MEPPTVPSERSLSLSLPGPREGQATLKPPPQHLWRQPRTPIRIQQRGYSDSAERAERERQ
PHRPIERADAMDTSDRPGLRTTRMSWPSSFHGTGTGSGGAGGGSSRRFEAENGPTPSPGR
SPLDSQASPGLVLHAGAATSQRRESFLYRSDSDYDMSPKTMSRNSSVTSEAHAEDLIVTP
FAQVLASLRSVRSNFSLLTNVPVPSNKRSPLGGPTPVCKATLSEETCQQLARETLEELDW
CLEQLETMQTYRSVSEMASHKFKRMLNRELTHLSEMSRSGNQVSEYISTTFLDKQNEVEI
PSPTMKEREKQQAPRPRPSQPPPPPVPHLQPMSQITGLKKLMHSNSLNNSNIPRFGVKTD
QEELLAQELENLNKWGLNIFCVSDYAGGRSLTCIMYMIFQERDLLKKFRIPVDTMVTYML
TLEDHYHADVAYHNSLHAADVLQSTHVLLATPALDAVFTDLEILAALFAAAIHDVDHPGV
SNQFLINTNSELALMYNDESVLENHHLAVGFKLLQEDNCDIFQNLSKRQRQSLRKMVIDM
VLATDMSKHMTLLADLKTMVETKKVTSSGVLLLDNYSDRIQVLRNMVHCADLSNPTKPLE
LYRQWTDRIMAEFFQQGDRERERGMEISPMCDKHTASVEKSQVGFIDYIVHPLWETWADL
VHPDAQEILDTLEDNRDWYYSAIRQSPSPPPEEESRGPGHPPLPDKFQFELTLEEEEEEE
ISMAQIPCTAQEALTAQGLSGVEEALDATIAWEASPAQESLEVMAQEASLEAELEAVYLT
QQAQSTGSAPVAPDEFSSREEFVVAVSHSSPSALALQSPLLPAWRTLSVSEHAPGLPGLP
STAAEVEAQREHQAAKRACSACAGTFGEDTSALPAPGGGGSGGDPT
Target 4 Number of Residues 900
Target 4 Molecular Weight 98144
Target 4 Theoretical pI 4.87
Target 4 GO Classification
Function
hydrolase activity
hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
phosphoric ester hydrolase activity
phosphoric diester hydrolase activity
cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
catalytic activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
Component
Not Available
Target 4 General Function Involved in cAMP phosphodiesterase activity
Target 4 Specific Function Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H(2)O = adenosine 5'-phosphate
Target 4 Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Purine metabolism SMP00050 Link Image map00230 Link Image
Target 4 Reactions
  • nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate
Target 4 Pfam Domain Function
Target 4 Signals
  • None
Target 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 4 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 4 GenBank ID Protein 347120 Link Image
Target 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P27815 Link Image
Target 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PDE4A_HUMAN Link Image
Target 4 PDB ID Not Available
Target 4 Cellular Location
  • Isoform 4:Membrane
  • peripheral membrane protein. Note=Isoform 4 has propensity for association with
Target 4 Gene Sequence >2661 bp 
ATGGAACCCCCGACCGTCCCCTCGGAAAGGAGCCTGTCTCTGTCACTGCCCGGGCCCCGG
GAGGGCCAGGCCACCCTGAAGCCTCCCCCGCAGCACCTGTGGCGGCAGCCTCGGACCCCC
ATCCGTATCCAGCAGCGCGGCTACTCCGACAGCGCGGAGCGCGCCGAGCGGGAGCGGCAG
CCGCACCGGCCCATAGAGCGCGCCGATGCCATGGACACCAGCGACCGGCCCGGCCTGCGC
ACGACCCGCATGTCCTGGCCCTCGTCCTTCCATGGCACTGGCACCGGCAGCGGCGGCGCG
GGCGGAGGCAGCAGCAGGCGCTTCGAGGCAGAGAATGGGCCGACACCATCTCCTGGCCGC
AGCCCCCTGGACTCGCAGGCGAGCCCAGGACTCGTGCTGCACGCCGGGGCGGCCACCAGC
CAGCGCCGGGAGTCCTTCCTGTACCGCTCAGACAGCGACTATGACATGTCACCCAAGACC
ATGTCCCGGAACTCATCGGTCACCAGCGAGGCGCACGCTGAAGACCTCATCGTAACACCA
TTTGCTCAGGTGCTGGCCAGCCTCCGGAGCGTCCGTAGCAACTTCTCACTCCTGACCAAT
GTGCCCGTTCCCAGTAACAAGCGGTCCCCGCTGGGCGGCCCCACCCCTGTCTGCAAGGCC
ACGCTGTCAGAAGAAACGTGTCAGCAGTTGGCCCGGGAGACTCTGGAGGAGCTGGACTGG
TGTCTGGAGCAGCTGGAGACCATGCAGACCTATCGCTCTGTCAGCGAGATGGCCTCGCAC
AAGTTCAAAAGGATGTTGAACCGTGAGCTCACACACCTGTCAGAAATGAGCAGGTCCGGA
AACCAGGTCTCAGAGTACATTTCCACAACATTCCTGGACAAACAGAATGAAGTGGAGATC
CCATCACCCACGATGAAGGAACGAGAAAAACAGCAAGCGCCGCGACCAAGACCCTCCCAG
CCGCCCCCGCCCCCTGTACCACACTTACAGCCCATGTCCCAAATCACAGGGTTGAAAAAG
TTGATGCATAGTAACAGCCTGAACAACTCTAACATTCCCCGATTTGGGGTGAAGACCGAT
CAAGAAGAGCTCCTGGCCCAAGAACTGGAGAACCTGAACAAGTGGGGCCTGAACATCTTT
TGCGTGTCGGATTACGCTGGAGGCCGCTCACTCACCTGCATCATGTACATGATATTCCAG
GAGCGGGACCTGCTGAAGAAATTCCGCATCCCGGTGGACACGATGGTGACATACATGCTG
ACGCTGGAGGATCACTACCACGCTGACGTGGCCTACCATAACAGCCTGCACGCAGCTGAC
GTGCTGCAGTCCACCCACGTACTGCTGGCCACGCCTGCACTAGATGCAGTGTTCACGGAC
CTGGAGATTCTCGCCGCCCTCTTCGCGGCTGCCATCCACGATGTGGATCACCCTGGGGTC
TCCAACCAGTTCCTCATCAACACCAATTCGGAGCTGGCGCTCATGTACAACGATGAGTCG
GTGCTCGAGAATCACCACCTGGCCGTGGGCTTCAAGCTGCTGCAGGAGGACAACTGCGAC
ATCTTCCAGAACCTCAGCAAGCGCCAGCGGCAGAGCCTACGCAAGATGGTCATCGACATG
GTGCTGGCCACGGACATGTCCAAGCACATGACCCTCCTGGCTGACCTGAAGACCATGGTG
GAGACCAAGAAAGTGACCAGCTCAGGGGTCCTCCTGCTAGATAACTACTCCGACCGCATC
CAGGTCCTCCGGAACATGGTGCACTGTGCCGACCTCAGCAACCCCACCAAGCCGCTGGAG
CTGTACCGCCAGTGGACAGACCGCATCATGGCCGAGTTCTTCCAGCAGGGTGACCGAGAG
CGCGAGCGTGGCATGGAAATCAGCCCCATGTGTGACAAGCACACTGCCTCCGTGGAGAAG
TCTCAGGTGGGTTTTATTGACTACATTGTGCACCCATTGTGGGAGACCTGGGCGGACCTT
GTCCACCCAGATGCCCAGGAGATCTTGGACACTTTGGAGGACAACCGGGACTGGTACTAC
AGCGCCATCCGGCAGAGCCCATCTCCGCCACCCGAGGAGGAGTCAAGGGGGCCAGGCCAC
CCACCCCTGCCTGACAAGTTCCAGTTTGAGCTGACGCTGGAGGAGGAAGAGGAGGAAGAA
ATATCAATGGCCCAGATACCGTGCACAGCCCAAGAGGCATTGACTGCGCAGGGATTGTCA
GGAGTCGAGGAAGCTCTGGATGCAACCATAGCCTGGGAGGCATCCCCGGCCCAGGAGTCG
TTGGAAGTTATGGCACAGGAAGCATCCCTGGAGGCCGAGCTGGAGGCAGTGTATTTGACA
CAGCAGGCACAGTCCACAGGCAGTGCACCTGTGGCTCCGGATGAGTTCTCGTCCCGGGAG
GAATTCGTGGTTGCTGTAAGCCACAGCAGCCCCTCTGCCCTGGCTCTTCAAAGCCCCCTT
CTCCCTGCTTGGAGGACCCTGTCTGTTTCAGAGCATGCCCCGGGCCTCCCGGGCCTCCCC
TCCACGGCGGCCGAGGTGGAGGCCCAACGAGAGCACCAGGCTGCCAAGAGGGCTTGCAGT
GCCTGCGCAGGGACATTTGGGGAGGACACATCCGCACTCCCAGCTCCTGGTGGCGGGGGG
TCAGGTGGAGACCCTACCTGA
Target 4 GenBank Gene ID
Target 4 GeneCard ID PDE4A Link Image
Target 4 GenAtlas ID PDE4A Link Image
Target 4 HGNC ID HGNC:8780 Link Image
Target 4 Chromosome Location 19
Target 4 Locus 19p13.2
Target 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 4 General References
  1. Livi GP, Kmetz P, McHale MM, Cieslinski LB, Sathe GM, Taylor DP, Davis RL, Torphy TJ, Balcarek JM: Cloning and expression of cDNA for a human low-Km, rolipram-sensitive cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Jun;10(6):2678-86. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Horton YM, Sullivan M, Houslay MD: Molecular cloning of a novel splice variant of human type IVA (PDE-IVA) cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase and localization of the gene to the p13.2-q12 region of human chromosome 19 [corrected] Biochem J. 1995 Jun 1;308 ( Pt 2):683-91. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Sullivan M, Egerton M, Shakur Y, Marquardsen A, Houslay MD: Molecular cloning and expression, in both COS-1 cells and S. cerevisiae, of a human cytosolic type-IVA, cyclic AMP specific phosphodiesterase (hPDE-IVA-h6.1). Cell Signal. 1994 Sep;6(7):793-812. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Bolger G, Michaeli T, Martins T, St John T, Steiner B, Rodgers L, Riggs M, Wigler M, Ferguson K: A family of human phosphodiesterases homologous to the dunce learning and memory gene product of Drosophila melanogaster are potential targets for antidepressant drugs. Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Oct;13(10):6558-71. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Sullivan M, Rena G, Begg F, Gordon L, Olsen AS, Houslay MD: Identification and characterization of the human homologue of the short PDE4A cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase RD1 (PDE4A1) by analysis of the human HSPDE4A gene locus located at chromosome 19p13.2. Biochem J. 1998 Aug 1;333 ( Pt 3):693-703. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 4 Drug References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]

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