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Identification
Name Rituximab
Accession Number DB00073 (BIOD00014, BTD00014)
Type biotech
Groups approved
Description

Rituxan is a genetically engineered chimeric murine/human monoclonal antibody directed against the CD20 antigen found on the surface of normal and malignant B lymphocytes. The antibody is an IgG1 kappa immunoglobulin containing murine light- and heavy-chain variable region sequences and human constant region sequences. Rituximab is composed of two heavy chains of 451 amino acids and two light chains of 213 amino acids
Protein structure Db00073
Display: 3D Structure
Protein chemical formula C6416H9874N1688O1987S44
Protein average weight 143859.7000
Sequences 
>Rituximab heavy chain chimeric
QVQLQQPGAELVKPGASVKMSCKASGYTFTSYNMHWVKQTPGRGLEWIGAIYPGNGDTSY
NQKFKGKATLTADKSSSTAYMQLSSLTSEDSAVYYCARSTYYGGDWYFNVWGAGTTVTVS
AASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQS
SGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLG
GPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQY
NSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRD
ELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSR
WQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK

>Rituximab light chain chimeric
QIVLSQSPAILSASPGEKVTMTCRASSSVSYIHWFQQKPGSSPKPWIYATSNLASGVPVR
FSGSGSGTSYSLTISRVEAEDAATYYCQQWTSNPPTFGGGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPS
DEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTL
SKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC

FASTA
Synonyms
  • AntiCD20
  • Ig gamma-1 chain C region
Brand names
  • MabThera (Roche)
  • Rituxan (Genentech Inc)
Brand name mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Antineoplastic Agents
CAS number 174722-31-7
Taxonomy
Kingdom Not Available
Classes Not Available
Substructures Not Available
Pharmacology
Indication For treatment of CD20-positive non-Hodgkins lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Pharmacodynamics Rituximab binds to the CD20 antigen, which is predominantly expressed on mature B cells and on >90% of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lympohomas. The antibody leads to selective killing of B-cells.
Mechanism of action The Fab regions of rituximab binds to the CD20 antigen on B lymphocytes, while the Fc domain recruits antibodies and complements to mediate cell lysis.
Absorption Not Available
Volume of distribution
  • 3.1 L
Protein binding Not Available
Metabolism

Most likely removed by opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system when bound to B lymphocytes, or by human antimurine antibody production
Route of elimination Not Available
Half life 0.8 hours (mammalian reticulocytes, in vitro)
Clearance
  • 0.34 L/day [RA patients]
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Roche
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Solution Intravenous
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Rituxan 10 mg/ml Concentrate 10ml Vial 708.17 USD vial
Rituxan 10 mg/ml vial 68.09 USD ml
Patents
Country Patent Number Approved Expires
Canada 2149329 2008-07-15 2013-11-12
Canada 1336826 1995-08-29 2012-08-29
United States 5736137 1998-04-07 2015-04-07
Properties
State liquid
Melting point 61 oC (FAB fragment), 71 oC (whole mAb) - Vermeer, A.W.P. & Norde, W., Biophys. J. 78:394-404 (2000).
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
hydrophobicity -0.414 PhysProp
isoelectric point 8.68 Various sources
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. McLaughlin P, Grillo-Lopez AJ, Link BK, Levy R, Czuczman MS, Williams ME, Heyman MR, Bence-Bruckler I, White CA, Cabanillas F, Jain V, Ho AD, Lister J, Wey K, Shen D, Dallaire BK: Rituximab chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy for relapsed indolent lymphoma: half of patients respond to a four-dose treatment program. J Clin Oncol. 1998 Aug;16(8):2825-33. Pubmed
  2. Edwards JC, Szczepanski L, Szechinski J, Filipowicz-Sosnowska A, Emery P, Close DR, Stevens RM, Shaw T: Efficacy of B-cell-targeted therapy with rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2004 Jun 17;350(25):2572-81. Pubmed
  3. Braendstrup P, Bjerrum OW, Nielsen OJ, Jensen BA, Clausen NT, Hansen PB, Andersen I, Schmidt K, Andersen TM, Peterslund NA, Birgens HS, Plesner T, Pedersen BB, Hasselbalch HC: Rituximab chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody treatment for adult refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Hematol. 2005 Apr;78(4):275-80. Pubmed
  4. Binder M, Otto F, Mertelsmann R, Veelken H, Trepel M: The epitope recognized by rituximab. Blood. 2006 Sep 15;108(6):1975-8. Epub 2006 May 16. Pubmed
  5. Burton C, Kaczmarski R, Jan-Mohamed R: Interstitial pneumonitis related to rituximab therapy. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jun 26;348(26):2690-1; discussion 2690-1. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
UniProt P01857 Link_out
Genbank J00228 Link_out
PharmGKB PA451261 Link_out
Drug Product Database 2241927 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/ritux.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/cdi/rituximab.html Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rituximab Link_out
ATC Codes
  • L01XC02
AHFS Codes
  • 10:00.00
PDB Entries
FDA label show (401.2 KB)
MSDS Not Available
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available
Targets

1. B-lymphocyte antigen CD20

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: antibody

This protein may be involved in the regulation of B-cell activation and proliferation

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P11836 Link_out
Gene: MS4A1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed
  2. van Meerten T, Hagenbeek A: CD20-targeted therapy: the next generation of antibodies. Semin Hematol. 2010 Apr;47(2):199-210. Pubmed
  3. Jaglowski SM, Byrd JC: Rituximab in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Semin Hematol. 2010 Apr;47(2):156-69. Pubmed

2. Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-B

Pharmacological action: unknown

Receptor for the Fc region of immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor. Binds complexed or aggregated IgG and also monomeric IgG. Contrary to III-A, is not capable to mediate antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and phagocytosis. May serve as a trap for immune complexes in the peripheral circulation which does not activate neutrophils

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: O75015 Link_out
Gene: FCGR3B Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Treon SP, Hansen M, Branagan AR, Verselis S, Emmanouilides C, Kimby E, Frankel SR, Touroutoglou N, Turnbull B, Anderson KC, Maloney DG, Fox EA: Polymorphisms in FcgammaRIIIA (CD16) receptor expression are associated with clinical response to rituximab in Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jan 20;23(3):474-81. Pubmed
  2. Bowles JA, Weiner GJ: CD16 polymorphisms and NK activation induced by monoclonal antibody-coated target cells. J Immunol Methods. 2005 Sep;304(1-2):88-99. Pubmed
  3. Bowles JA, Wang SY, Link BK, Allan B, Beuerlein G, Campbell MA, Marquis D, Ondek B, Wooldridge JE, Smith BJ, Breitmeyer JB, Weiner GJ: Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody with enhanced affinity for CD16 activates NK cells at lower concentrations and more effectively than rituximab. Blood. 2006 Oct 15;108(8):2648-54. Epub 2006 Jul 6. Pubmed
  4. Hatjiharissi E, Xu L, Santos DD, Hunter ZR, Ciccarelli BT, Verselis S, Modica M, Cao Y, Manning RJ, Leleu X, Dimmock EA, Kortsaris A, Mitsiades C, Anderson KC, Fox EA, Treon SP: Increased natural killer cell expression of CD16, augmented binding and ADCC activity to rituximab among individuals expressing the Fc{gamma}RIIIa-158 V/V and V/F polymorphism. Blood. 2007 Oct 1;110(7):2561-4. Epub 2007 May 2. Pubmed

3. Complement C1r subcomponent

Pharmacological action: unknown

C1r B chain is a serine protease that combines with C1q and C1s to form C1, the first component of the classical pathway of the complement system

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P00736 Link_out
Gene: C1R Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

4. Complement C1q subcomponent subunit A

Pharmacological action: unknown

C1q associates with the proenzymes C1r and C1s to yield C1, the first component of the serum complement system. The collagen-like regions of C1q interact with the Ca(2+)-dependent C1r(2)C1s(2) proenzyme complex, and efficient activation of C1 takes place on interaction of the globular heads of C1q with the Fc regions of IgG or IgM antibody present in immune complexes

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P02745 Link_out
Gene: C1QA Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Di Gaetano N, Cittera E, Nota R, Vecchi A, Grieco V, Scanziani E, Botto M, Introna M, Golay J: Complement activation determines the therapeutic activity of rituximab in vivo. J Immunol. 2003 Aug 1;171(3):1581-7. Pubmed

5. Complement C1q subcomponent subunit B

Pharmacological action: unknown

C1q associates with the proenzymes C1r and C1s to yield C1, the first component of the serum complement system. The collagen-like regions of C1q interact with the Ca(2+)-dependent C1r(2)C1s(2) proenzyme complex, and efficient activation of C1 takes place on interaction of the globular heads of C1q with the Fc regions of IgG or IgM antibody present in immune complexes

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P02746 Link_out
Gene: C1QB Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

6. Complement C1q subcomponent subunit C

Pharmacological action: unknown

C1q associates with the proenzymes C1r and C1s to yield C1, the first component of the serum complement system. The collagen-like regions of C1q interact with the Ca(2+)-dependent C1r(2)C1s(2) proenzyme complex, and efficient activation of C1 takes place on interaction of the globular heads of C1q with the Fc regions of IgG or IgM antibody present in immune complexes

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P02747 Link_out
Gene: C1QC Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

7. Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A

Pharmacological action: unknown

Receptor for the Fc region of IgG. Binds complexed or aggregated IgG and also monomeric IgG. Mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and other antibody-dependent responses, such as phagocytosis

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P08637 Link_out
Gene: FCGR3A Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Niwa R, Hatanaka S, Shoji-Hosaka E, Sakurada M, Kobayashi Y, Uehara A, Yokoi H, Nakamura K, Shitara K: Enhancement of the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of low-fucose IgG1 Is independent of FcgammaRIIIa functional polymorphism. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Sep 15;10(18 Pt 1):6248-55. Pubmed
  2. Hatjiharissi E, Hansen M, Santos DD, Xu L, Leleu X, Dimmock EW, Ho AW, Hunter ZR, Branagan AR, Patterson CJ, Kortsaris A, Verselis S, Fox E, Treon SP: Genetic linkage of Fc gamma RIIa and Fc gamma RIIIa and implications for their use in predicting clinical responses to CD20-directed monoclonal antibody therapy. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2007 Jan;7(4):286-90. Pubmed
  3. Kim DH, Jung HD, Kim JG, Lee JJ, Yang DH, Park YH, Do YR, Shin HJ, Kim MK, Hyun MS, Sohn SK: FCGR3A gene polymorphisms may correlate with response to frontline R-CHOP therapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2006 Oct 15;108(8):2720-5. Epub 2006 Apr 11. Pubmed

8. Complement C1s subcomponent

Pharmacological action: unknown

C1s B chain is a serine protease that combines with C1q and C1s to form C1, the first component of the classical pathway of the complement system. C1r activates C1s so that it can, in turn, activate C2 and C4

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P09871 Link_out
Gene: C1S Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

9. High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I

Pharmacological action: unknown

Binds to the Fc region of immunoglobulins gamma. High affinity receptor

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P12314 Link_out
Gene: FCGR1A Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

10. Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a

Pharmacological action: unknown

Binds to the Fc region of immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor. By binding to IgG it initiates cellular responses against pathogens and soluble antigens

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P12318 Link_out
Gene: FCGR2A Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Hatjiharissi E, Hansen M, Santos DD, Xu L, Leleu X, Dimmock EW, Ho AW, Hunter ZR, Branagan AR, Patterson CJ, Kortsaris A, Verselis S, Fox E, Treon SP: Genetic linkage of Fc gamma RIIa and Fc gamma RIIIa and implications for their use in predicting clinical responses to CD20-directed monoclonal antibody therapy. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2007 Jan;7(4):286-90. Pubmed
  2. Kim DH, Jung HD, Kim JG, Lee JJ, Yang DH, Park YH, Do YR, Shin HJ, Kim MK, Hyun MS, Sohn SK: FCGR3A gene polymorphisms may correlate with response to frontline R-CHOP therapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2006 Oct 15;108(8):2720-5. Epub 2006 Apr 11. Pubmed

11. Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b

Pharmacological action: unknown

Receptor for the Fc region of complexed or aggregated immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor. Involved in a variety of effector and regulatory functions such as phagocytosis of immune complexes and modulation of antibody production by B- cells. Binding to this receptor results in down-modulation of previous state of cell activation triggered via antigen receptors on B-cells (BCR), T-cells (TCR) or via another Fc receptor. Isoform IIB1 fails to mediate endocytosis or phagocytosis. Isoform IIB2 does not trigger phagocytosis

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P31994 Link_out
Gene: FCGR2B Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

12. Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-c

Pharmacological action: unknown

Receptor for the Fc region of complexed immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor. Involved in a variety of effector and regulatory functions such as phagocytosis of immune complexes and modulation of antibody production by B-cells

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P31995 Link_out
Gene: FCGR2C Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on February 16, 2011 15:40

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.