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Identification
Name Polymyxin B Sulfate
Accession Number DB00781 (APRD01190)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

Polymyxin B sulfate is a mixture of polymyxins B1 and B2, obtained from Bacillus polymyxa strains. They are basic polypeptides of about eight amino acids and have cationic detergent action on cell membranes. Polymyxin B is used for infections with gram-negative organisms, but may be neurotoxic and nephrotoxic. All gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and the gram-negative cocci, N. gonorrhea and N. menigitidis, are resistant. It is appropriate for treatment of infections of the urinary tract, meninges, and blood stream, caused by susceptible strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Synonyms
  • Polymixin B sulfate
  • Polymyxin B sulfate salt
  • Polymyxin B sulphate
Brand names
  • Aerosporin
  • Poly-RX
Brand name mixtures
  • Anaprime OPH Gel (Flumethasone + Neomycin sulfate + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Antibiotic Cream (Gramicidin + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Antibiotic Lozenges (Benzocaine + Cetylpyridinium Chloride + Polymyxin B sulfate + Tyrothricin)
  • Antibiotic Ointment (Bacitracin + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Bacitracin-Neomycin Polymyxin Ont (Bacitracin Zinc + Neomycin sulfate + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Bacitracin-Neomycin-Polymyxin Oph Ont (Bacitracin Zinc + Neomycin sulfate + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Band-Aid Brand Antibiotic (Bacitracin Zinc + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Band-Aid-S-1 (Bacitracin Zinc + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Cortisporin (Bacitracin Zinc + Hydrocortisone + Neomycin sulfate + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • First Aid Antibiotic (Bacitracin Zinc + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • First Aid Antibiotic Ointment (Bacitracin Zinc + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Forte Topical Suspension (Hydrocortisone Acetate + Hydrocortisone Sodium Succinate + Neomycin sulfate + Penicillin G Procaine + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Gercillin (Bacitracin + Benzocaine + Polymyxin B sulfate + Tyrothricin)
  • Lanabiotic Ont (Bacitracin + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Laryngets Loz (Benzocaine + Cetylpyridinium Chloride + Polymyxin B sulfate + Tyrothricin)
  • Lidomyxin (Lidocaine Hydrochloride + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Lidosporin Cream (Gramicidin + Lidocaine Hydrochloride + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Lidosporin Ear Drops (Lidocaine Hydrochloride + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Mastitis Care (Neomycin sulfate + Penicillin G Potassium + Polymyxin B sulfate + Streptomycin sulfate)
  • Mycitracin OPH ONT (Bacitracin + Neomycin sulfate + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Neo Bace Ophthalmic Ointment (Bacitracin + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Neospan Mastitis Treatment (Neomycin sulfate + Penicillin G Potassium + Polymyxin B sulfate + Streptomycin sulfate)
  • Neosporin Antibiotic Cream (Gramicidin + Neomycin sulfate + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Neosporin Eye-Ear Solution (Gramicidin + Neomycin sulfate + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Neosporin Irrigating Solution (Neomycin sulfate + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Neosporin Ointment (Bacitracin (Bacitracin Zinc) + Neomycin sulfate + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Neosporin Ophthalmic Ointment (Bacitracin (Bacitracin Zinc) + Neomycin sulfate + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Neotopic Ointment (Bacitracin (Bacitracin Zinc) + Neomycin sulfate + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Ophthocort Ont (Chloramphenicol + Hydrocortisone Acetate + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Optiprime Oph Gel (Neomycin sulfate + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Ozonol Antibiotic Plus - Ointment (Bacitracin + Lidocaine Hydrochloride + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Ozonol Antibiotic Plus Ont (Bacitracin + Lidocaine Hydrochloride + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Pms-Polytrimethoprim (Polymyxin B sulfate + Trimethoprim (Trimethoprim sulfate))
  • Polycidin Eye, Ear Drops (Gramicidin + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Polycidin Ophthalmic Ointment (Bacitracin (Bacitracin Zinc) + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Polyderm Antibiotic Ointment (Bacitracin + Lidocaine Hydrochloride + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Polyderm Ointment Usp (Bacitracin Zinc + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Polysporin Antibiotic Burn Cream (Gramicidin + Lidocaine Hydrochloride + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Polysporin Antibiotic Ointment (Bacitracin + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Polysporin Burn Formula Cream (Gramicidin + Lidocaine Hydrochloride + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Polysporin Cream (Gramicidin + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Polysporin Eye and Ear Drops Sterile (Gramicidin + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Polysporin Sterile Ophthalmic Ointment (Bacitracin (Bacitracin Zinc) + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Polysporin Topical First Aid Antibiotic Ointment (Bacitracin + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Polysporin Triple Antibiotic Ointment (Bacitracin + Gramicidin + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Polytopic Ont (Bacitracin + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Polytracin Ont (Bacitracin Zinc + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Pulmosirum Pastille (Benzocaine + Cetylpyridinium Chloride + Polymyxin B sulfate + Tyrothricin)
  • Sandoz Cortimyxin (Bacitracin (Bacitracin Zinc) + Hydrocortisone + Neomycin sulfate + Polymyxin B sulfate)
  • Septomixine Forte (Dexamethasone + Halethazole Tartrate + Neomycin sulfate + Polymyxin B sulfate + Tyrothricin)
  • Surolan Drops (Miconazole Nitrate + Polymyxin B sulfate + Prednisolone Acetate)
  • Synalar Bi-Otic Solution (Fluocinolone Acetonide + Neomycin sulfate + Polymyxin B sulfate)
Categories
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
CAS number 1405-20-5
Weight Average: 1203.4767
Monoisotopic: 1202.749927302
Chemical Formula C56H98N16O13
InChI Key InChIKey=WQVJHHACXVLGBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C56H98N16O13/c1-7-32(4)13-11-12-16-44(75)63-36(17-23-57)51(80)72-46(34(6)74)56(85)68-39(20-26-60)48(77)67-41-22-28-62-55(84)45(33(5)73)71-52(81)40(21-27-61)65-47(76)37(18-24-58)66-53(82)42(29-31(2)3)69-54(83)43(30-35-14-9-8-10-15-35)70-49(78)38(19-25-59)64-50(41)79/h8-10,14-15,31-34,36-43,45-46,73-74H,7,11-13,16-30,57-61H2,1-6H3,(H,62,84)(H,63,75)(H,64,79)(H,65,76)(H,66,82)(H,67,77)(H,68,85)(H,69,83)(H,70,78)(H,71,81)(H,72,80)
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
N-[3-amino-1-({1-[(3-amino-1-{[6,9,18-tris(2-aminoethyl)-15-benzyl-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-12-(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptaazacyclotricosan-21-yl]carbamoyl}propyl)carbamoyl]-2-hydroxypropyl}carbamoyl)propyl]-6-methyloctanamide
SMILES
CCC(C)CCCCC(=O)NC(CCN)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CCN)C(=O)NC1CCNC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCN)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC2=CC=CC=C2)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC1=O)C(C)O
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Not Available
Classes Not Available
Substructures Not Available
Pharmacology
Indication For treatment of infections of the urinary tract, meninges, and blood stream, caused by susceptible strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Pharmacodynamics Polymyxin B sulfate is a mixture of polymyxins B1 and B2, obtained from Bacillus polymyxa strains. They are basic polypeptides of about eight amino acids and have cationic detergent action on cell membranes. Polymyxin B is used for infections with gram-negative organisms, but may be neurotoxic and nephrotoxic. All gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and the gram-negative cocci, N. gonorrhea and N. menigitidis, are resistant.
Mechanism of action Polymyxin B sulfate has a bactericidal action against almost all gram-negative bacilli except the Proteus group. Polymyxin B sulfate interacts with the lipopolysaccharide of the cytoplasmic outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, altering membrane permeability and causing cell death. It does not need to enter the cell.
Absorption Not absorbed from the normal alimentary tract.
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Metabolism
Route of elimination The drug is excreted slowly by the kidneys.
Half life Not Available
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Overdose can cause stomach pains, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Affected organisms
  • Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Glaxosmithkline
  • App pharmaceuticals llc
  • Bedford laboratories div ben venue laboratories inc
  • X gen pharmaceuticals inc
  • Paddock laboratories inc
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Injection, solution Intramuscular
Injection, solution Intravenous drip
Powder, for solution Intrathecal
Powder, for solution Ophthalmic
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Polymyxin b 100 million unit 4039.2 USD each
Polymyxin b sulfate vial 13.65 USD vial
Patents Not Available
Properties
State solid
Melting point Not Available
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 25 mg/mL PhysProp
logP -4.861 PhysProp
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 7.44e-02 g/l ALOGPS
logP -0.89 ALOGPS
logP -7.25 ChemAxon Molconvert
logS -4.21 ALOGPS
pKa 12.04 ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen acceptor count 18 ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen donor count 18 ChemAxon Molconvert
polar surface area 490.66 ChemAxon Molconvert
rotatable bond count 29 ChemAxon Molconvert
refractivity 313.22 ChemAxon Molconvert
polarizability 129.71 ChemAxon Molconvert
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Yuan Z, Tam VH: Polymyxin B: a new strategy for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2008 May;17(5):661-8. Pubmed
  2. Zavascki AP, Goldani LZ, Li J, Nation RL: Polymyxin B for the treatment of multidrug-resistant pathogens: a critical review. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007 Dec;60(6):1206-15. Epub 2007 Sep 17. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Drug D01066 Link_out
KEGG Compound C11613 Link_out
PubChem Compound 4868 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46507302 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP001323 Link_out
PharmGKB PA451028 Link_out
Drug Product Database 2242485 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/polymyxin.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/mtm/polymyxin-b-ophthalmic.html Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymyxin_B Link_out
ATC Codes
  • A07AA05
  • J01XB02
  • S01AA18
  • S02AA11
  • S03AA03
AHFS Codes Not Available
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label Not Available
MSDS show (46.3 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available
Targets

1. bacterial outer membrane

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: incorporation into and destabilization

References:
  1. Yuan Z, Tam VH: Polymyxin B: a new strategy for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2008 May;17(5):661-8. Pubmed
  2. Zavascki AP, Goldani LZ, Li J, Nation RL: Polymyxin B for the treatment of multidrug-resistant pathogens: a critical review. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007 Dec;60(6):1206-15. Epub 2007 Sep 17. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on January 13, 2011 15:04

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.