Dabigatran etexilate
Identification
- Name
- Dabigatran etexilate
- Accession Number
- DB06695
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Description
Dabigatran etexilate is an oral prodrug that is metabolized by a serum esterase to Dabigatran. It is a synthetic, competitive and reversible direct thrombin inhibitor. Inhibition of thrombin disrupts the coagulation cascade and inhibits the formation of clots. Dabigatran etexilate may be used to decrease the risk of venous thromboembolic events in patients who have undergone total hip or knee replacement surgery, or to prevent stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation, in whom anticoagulation therapy is indicated. In contrast to warfarin, because its anticoagulant effects are predictable, lab monitoring is not necessary. FDA approved on October 19, 2010.
- Structure
Structure for Dabigatran etexilate (DB06695)
- Synonyms
- Dabigatran etexilate
- External IDs
- BIBR 1048 / BIBR 1048 BS RS1 / BIBR-1048 / BIBR-1048-BS-RS1
- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Dabigatran etexilate mesilate SC7NUW5IIT 872728-81-9 XETBXHPXHHOLOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Active Moieties
Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Dabigatran prodrug I0VM4M70GC 211914-51-1 YBSJFWOBGCMAKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Pradaxa Capsule 110 mg Oral Boehringer Ingelheim 2008-03-18 Not applicable EU 
Pradaxa Capsule 75 mg/1 Oral Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2010-11-08 2010-10-25 US 
Pradaxa Capsule 150 mg Oral Boehringer Ingelheim 2008-03-18 Not applicable EU Pradaxa Capsule 75 mg Oral Boehringer Ingelheim 2008-03-18 Not applicable EU Pradaxa Capsule 150 mg Oral Boehringer Ingelheim 2008-03-18 Not applicable EU Pradaxa Capsule 110 mg/1 Oral Boehringer Ingelheim 2015-11-23 Not applicable US Pradaxa Capsule 110 mg Oral Boehringer Ingelheim 2008-03-18 Not applicable EU Pradaxa Capsule 150 mg Oral Boehringer Ingelheim 2008-03-18 Not applicable EU Pradaxa Capsule 110 mg Oral Boehringer Ingelheim 2008-03-18 Not applicable EU Pradaxa Capsule 150 mg/1 Oral Boehringer Ingelheim 2017-07-28 Not applicable US - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Apo-dabigatran Capsule 110 mg Oral Apotex Corporation Not applicable Not applicable Canada 
Apo-dabigatran Capsule 75 mg Oral Apotex Corporation Not applicable Not applicable Canada Apo-dabigatran Capsule 150 mg Oral Apotex Corporation Not applicable Not applicable Canada Teva-dabigatran Capsule 150 mg Oral Teva Not applicable Not applicable Canada Teva-dabigatran Capsule 75 mg Oral Teva Not applicable Not applicable Canada - International/Other Brands
- Pradax (Boehringer Ingelheim) / Rendix
- Categories
- UNII
- 2E18WX195X
- CAS number
- 211915-06-9
- Weight
- Average: 627.7332
Monoisotopic: 627.316917457 - Chemical Formula
- C34H41N7O5
- InChI Key
- KSGXQBZTULBEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C34H41N7O5/c1-4-6-7-10-21-46-34(44)39-32(35)24-12-15-26(16-13-24)37-23-30-38-27-22-25(14-17-28(27)40(30)3)33(43)41(20-18-31(42)45-5-2)29-11-8-9-19-36-29/h8-9,11-17,19,22,37H,4-7,10,18,20-21,23H2,1-3H3,(H2,35,39,44)
- IUPAC Name
- ethyl 3-(1-{2-[({4-[(1E)-amino({[(hexyloxy)carbonyl]imino})methyl]phenyl}amino)methyl]-1-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-5-yl}-N-(pyridin-2-yl)formamido)propanoate
- SMILES
- CCCCCCOC(=O)\N=C(\N)C1=CC=C(NCC2=NC3=C(C=CC(=C3)C(=O)N(CCC(=O)OCC)C3=NC=CC=C3)N2C)C=C1
Pharmacology
- Indication
Dabigatran is indicated for the prevention of venous thromboembolic events in patients who have undergone elective hip or knee replacement surgery (based on RE-NOVATE, RE-MODEL, and RE-MOBILIZE trials). In 2010, it was approved in the US and Canada for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation (approval based on the RE-LY trial). Contraindications: severe renal impairment (CrCL < 30 ml/min); haemorrhagic manifestations, bleeding diathesis or spontaneous or pharmacologic impairment of haemostasis; lesions at risk of clinically significant bleeding (e.g. extensive cerebral infarction (haemorrhagic or ischemic) in the last 6 months, active peptic ulcer disease); concomitant treatment with P-glycoprotein inhibitors (e.g. oral ketoconazole, verapamil); and those with known hypersensitivity to dabigatran, dabigatran etexilate or any ingredient used in the formulation or component of the container. As of December 2012, dabigatran is contraindicated in patients with mechanical prosthetic heart valves.
- Associated Conditions
- Pharmacodynamics
Dabigatran directly inhibits thrombin in a concentration-dependent, reversible, specific, and competitive manner which results in a prolongation of aPTT (partial thromboplastin time), ECT (Ecarin clotting time), and TT (thrombin time). It may increase INR but this laboratory parameter is relatively insensitive to the activity of dabigatran.
- Mechanism of action
Dabigatran etexilate is an inactive pro-drug that is converted to dabigatran, the active form, by esterase-catalyzed hydrolysis in the plasma and liver. Dabigatran, the main active principle in plasma, is a rapid-acting competitive and reversible direct inhibitor of thrombin. Thrombin, a serine protease, is responsible for the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin in the coagulation cascade. Inhibition of thrombin consequently prevents thrombus development. Dabigatran inhibits free thrombin, fibrin-bound thrombin and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation.
Target Actions Organism AProthrombin inhibitorHumans - Absorption
Peak plasma concentrations were achieved in 6 hours in post surgical patients. In healthy patients, maximum concentrations were achieved in 0.5 to 2 hours. The absolute bioavailability of dabigatran in the body after administration of dabigatran etexilate was 6.5%. Food does not affect the bioavailability of dabigatran etexilate, but it delays the time to peak plasma concentrations by 2 hours. Oral bioavailability may increase by up to 75% when pellets are taken out of the hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) capsule. Therefore, capsules should not be opened and pellets taken alone. Furthermore, although absorption of dabigatran etexilate is independent of gastrointestinal acidity, coadministration of pantoprazole (proton pump inhibitor) may reduce the bioavailability of dabigatran. Despite this finding, dose adjustment is not required.
- Volume of distribution
Moderate tissue distribution with a Vd of 60-70L. Accumulation factor, twice daily dosing = 2
- Protein binding
Relatively low binding (34-35%) to plasma proteins.
- Metabolism
CYP450 enzymes are not involved in the metabolism of dabigatran thus is not expected to interact with drugs metabolized by CYP isoenzymes. Dabigatran is typically metabolised by esterases and microsomal carboxylesterases. Pharmacologically active acylglucoronides are formed via conjugation. Four positional isomers, 1-O, 2-O, 3-O, and 4-O, acylglucuronides exist, each accounting for less than 10% of total plasma dabagatran.
- Route of elimination
Mainly excreted in urine (85%). Fecal excretion accounts for 6% of the orally administered dose. Dabigatran is primarily eliminated unchanged via the kidneys at a rate of 100 ml/min corresponding to the glomerular filtration rate.
- Half life
12-14 hours in healthy volunteers. 14-17 hours in patients treated for prevention of venous thromboembolism following hip- or knee-replacement surgery.
- Clearance
- Not Available
- Toxicity
The most common adverse reactions include dyspepsia or gastritis-like symptoms. The approximate lethal dose (LD50) in rats and mice was observed at single oral doses of > 2000 mg/kg. Oral doses of 600 mg/kg did not induce any toxicologically meaningful changes in dogs and Rhesus monkeys. Dabigatran was well-tolerated in rats and Rhesus monkeys during repeat-dose toxicity studies. No evidence of mutagenic potential.
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction (1,2,6,7-3H)Testosterone The therapeutic efficacy of Dabigatran etexilate can be increased when used in combination with (1,2,6,7-3H)Testosterone. (R)-warfarin Dabigatran etexilate may increase the anticoagulant activities of (R)-warfarin. (S)-Warfarin Dabigatran etexilate may increase the anticoagulant activities of (S)-Warfarin. 1-Testosterone The therapeutic efficacy of Dabigatran etexilate can be increased when used in combination with 1-Testosterone. 18-methyl-19-nortestosterone The therapeutic efficacy of Dabigatran etexilate can be increased when used in combination with 18-methyl-19-nortestosterone. 4-hydroxycoumarin Dabigatran etexilate may increase the anticoagulant activities of 4-hydroxycoumarin. 4-Hydroxytestosterone The therapeutic efficacy of Dabigatran etexilate can be increased when used in combination with 4-Hydroxytestosterone. 5beta-dihydrotestosterone The therapeutic efficacy of Dabigatran etexilate can be increased when used in combination with 5beta-dihydrotestosterone. 6-Deoxyerythronolide B The metabolism of Dabigatran etexilate can be decreased when combined with 6-Deoxyerythronolide B. Abacavir Abacavir may decrease the excretion rate of Dabigatran etexilate which could result in a higher serum level. - Food Interactions
- St. John's Wort
References
- Synthesis Reference
Christian Filser, Wolfgang Dersch, Rainer Hamm, Arndt Hausherr, Gunter Koch, Ulrich Scholz, Georg Zerban, "METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT OF DABIGATRAN ETEXILATE." U.S. Patent US20110118471, issued May 19, 2011.
US20110118471- General References
- Bauer KA: New oral anticoagulants in development: potential for improved safety profiles. Rev Neurol Dis. 2010;7(1):1-8. [PubMed:20410856]
- Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, Eikelboom J, Oldgren J, Parekh A, Pogue J, Reilly PA, Themeles E, Varrone J, Wang S, Alings M, Xavier D, Zhu J, Diaz R, Lewis BS, Darius H, Diener HC, Joyner CD, Wallentin L: Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2009 Sep 17;361(12):1139-51. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0905561. Epub 2009 Aug 30. [PubMed:19717844]
- Wolowacz SE, Roskell NS, Plumb JM, Caprini JA, Eriksson BI: Efficacy and safety of dabigatran etexilate for the prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee arthroplasty. A meta-analysis. Thromb Haemost. 2009 Jan;101(1):77-85. [PubMed:19132192]
- Ginsberg JS, Davidson BL, Comp PC, Francis CW, Friedman RJ, Huo MH, Lieberman JR, Muntz JE, Raskob GE, Clements ML, Hantel S, Schnee JM, Caprini JA: Oral thrombin inhibitor dabigatran etexilate vs North American enoxaparin regimen for prevention of venous thromboembolism after knee arthroplasty surgery. J Arthroplasty. 2009 Jan;24(1):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2008.01.132. Epub 2008 Apr 14. [PubMed:18534438]
- Eriksson BI, Dahl OE, Buller HR, Hettiarachchi R, Rosencher N, Bravo ML, Ahnfelt L, Piovella F, Stangier J, Kalebo P, Reilly P: A new oral direct thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran etexilate, compared with enoxaparin for prevention of thromboembolic events following total hip or knee replacement: the BISTRO II randomized trial. J Thromb Haemost. 2005 Jan;3(1):103-11. [PubMed:15634273]
- Di Nisio M, Middeldorp S, Buller HR: Direct thrombin inhibitors. N Engl J Med. 2005 Sep 8;353(10):1028-40. [PubMed:16148288]
- Stangier J, Eriksson BI, Dahl OE, Ahnfelt L, Nehmiz G, Stahle H, Rathgen K, Svard R: Pharmacokinetic profile of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran etexilate in healthy volunteers and patients undergoing total hip replacement. J Clin Pharmacol. 2005 May;45(5):555-63. [PubMed:15831779]
- Ezekowitz MD, Reilly PA, Nehmiz G, Simmers TA, Nagarakanti R, Parcham-Azad K, Pedersen KE, Lionetti DA, Stangier J, Wallentin L: Dabigatran with or without concomitant aspirin compared with warfarin alone in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (PETRO Study). Am J Cardiol. 2007 Nov 1;100(9):1419-26. Epub 2007 Aug 17. [PubMed:17950801]
- Eriksson BI, Dahl OE, Rosencher N, Kurth AA, van Dijk CN, Frostick SP, Kalebo P, Christiansen AV, Hantel S, Hettiarachchi R, Schnee J, Buller HR: Oral dabigatran etexilate vs. subcutaneous enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after total knee replacement: the RE-MODEL randomized trial. J Thromb Haemost. 2007 Nov;5(11):2178-85. [PubMed:17764540]
- Eriksson BI, Dahl OE, Rosencher N, Kurth AA, van Dijk CN, Frostick SP, Prins MH, Hettiarachchi R, Hantel S, Schnee J, Buller HR: Dabigatran etexilate versus enoxaparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism after total hip replacement: a randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2007 Sep 15;370(9591):949-56. [PubMed:17869635]
- Scaglione F: New oral anticoagulants: comparative pharmacology with vitamin K antagonists. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2013 Feb;52(2):69-82. doi: 10.1007/s40262-012-0030-9. [PubMed:23292752]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0015641
- KEGG Drug
- D07144
- PubChem Compound
- 6445226
- PubChem Substance
- 99443249
- ChemSpider
- 4948999
- BindingDB
- 50432209
- ChEBI
- 70746
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL539697
- PharmGKB
- PA165958369
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- PDRhealth
- PDRhealth Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Dabigatran
- ATC Codes
- B01AE07 — Dabigatran etexilate
- AHFS Codes
- 20:12.04.12 — Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
- FDA label
- Download (431 KB)
- MSDS
- Download (99.2 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage forms
Form Route Strength Capsule Oral 110 mg/1 Capsule Oral 110 mg Capsule Oral 150 mg/1 Capsule Oral 150 mg Capsule Oral 75 mg/1 Capsule Oral 75 mg - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) US9034822 No 2015-05-19 2031-01-20 US US6087380 No 2000-07-11 2018-02-18 US US7932273 No 2011-04-26 2025-09-07 US US7866474 No 2011-01-11 2027-08-31 US US9925174 No 2018-03-27 2023-06-14 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 180 +/- 3 (DSC: 10 K min^-1 heating rate) Not Available water solubility 1.8mg/ml, partly soluble MSDS logP 3.8 Not Available - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.00466 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 5.17 ALOGPS logP 4.59 ChemAxon logS -5.1 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 17.89 ChemAxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 4.48 ChemAxon Physiological Charge 0 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 8 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 154.03 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 17 ChemAxon Refractivity 176.43 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 70.65 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 4 ChemAxon Bioavailability 0 ChemAxon Rule of Five No ChemAxon Ghose Filter No ChemAxon Veber's Rule No ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule Yes ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.942 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.8673 Caco-2 permeable - 0.7014 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.7412 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Inhibitor 0.7539 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Inhibitor 0.8443 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.701 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.858 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.837 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.6154 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.6906 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.5102 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8417 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.5157 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.781 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.5789 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.6292 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.8065 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9931 Rat acute toxicity 2.7093 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9047 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Inhibitor 0.6181
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , Positive LC-MS/MS Not Available MS/MS Spectrum - , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-00kk-0981100000-78856b63936cf67ebce2 MS/MS Spectrum - , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-004r-0292116000-55b368cbe92da888e681
Taxonomy
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzimidazoles. These are organic compounds containing a benzene ring fused to an imidazole ring (five member ring containing a nitrogen atom, 4 carbon atoms, and two double bonds).
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organoheterocyclic compounds
- Class
- Benzimidazoles
- Sub Class
- Not Available
- Direct Parent
- Benzimidazoles
- Alternative Parents
- Phenylalkylamines / Aniline and substituted anilines / Secondary alkylarylamines / Pyridines and derivatives / N-substituted imidazoles / Imidolactams / Tertiary carboxylic acid amides / Heteroaromatic compounds / Amino acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acid esters show 10 more
- Substituents
- Benzimidazole / Aniline or substituted anilines / Phenylalkylamine / Secondary aliphatic/aromatic amine / Aralkylamine / Monocyclic benzene moiety / N-substituted imidazole / Pyridine / Benzenoid / Imidolactam show 27 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- carboxylic ester, carboxamidine, beta-alanine derivative, pyridines, aromatic amide, benzimidazoles (CHEBI:70746)
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Thrombospondin receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostas...
- Gene Name
- F2
- Uniprot ID
- P00734
- Uniprot Name
- Prothrombin
- Molecular Weight
- 70036.295 Da
References
- Squizzato A, Dentali F, Steidl L, Ageno W: New direct thrombin inhibitors. Intern Emerg Med. 2009 Dec;4(6):479-84. doi: 10.1007/s11739-009-0314-8. Epub 2009 Sep 15. [PubMed:19756950]
- Liesenfeld KH, Schafer HG, Troconiz IF, Tillmann C, Eriksson BI, Stangier J: Effects of the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran on ex vivo coagulation time in orthopaedic surgery patients: a population model analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2006 Nov;62(5):527-37. [PubMed:17061960]
- Karthikeyan G, Eikelboom JW, Hirsh J: Dabigatran: ready for prime time? Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2010 Apr;120(4):137-42. [PubMed:20424539]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Triglyceride lipase activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics and in the activation of ester and amide prodrugs. Hydrolyzes aromatic and aliphatic esters, but has no catalytic activity toward amides or a fatty acy...
- Gene Name
- CES1
- Uniprot ID
- P23141
- Uniprot Name
- Liver carboxylesterase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 62520.62 Da
References
- Hu ZY, Parker RB, Herring VL, Laizure SC: Conventional liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry based metabolite identification and semi-quantitative estimation approach in the investigation of in vitro dabigatran etexilate metabolism. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2013 Feb;405(5):1695-704. doi: 10.1007/s00216-012-6576-4. Epub 2012 Dec 14. [PubMed:23239178]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics and in the activation of ester and amide prodrugs. Shows high catalytic efficiency for hydrolysis of cocaine, 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate, heroin and ...
- Gene Name
- CES2
- Uniprot ID
- O00748
- Uniprot Name
- Cocaine esterase
- Molecular Weight
- 61806.41 Da
References
- Hu ZY, Parker RB, Herring VL, Laizure SC: Conventional liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry based metabolite identification and semi-quantitative estimation approach in the investigation of in vitro dabigatran etexilate metabolism. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2013 Feb;405(5):1695-704. doi: 10.1007/s00216-012-6576-4. Epub 2012 Dec 14. [PubMed:23239178]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Retinoic acid binding
- Specific Function
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform has specificity for phenols. Isoform 2 lacks trans...
- Gene Name
- UGT1A9
- Uniprot ID
- O60656
- Uniprot Name
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9
- Molecular Weight
- 59940.495 Da
References
- Ebner T, Wagner K, Wienen W: Dabigatran acylglucuronide, the major human metabolite of dabigatran: in vitro formation, stability, and pharmacological activity. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010 Sep;38(9):1567-75. doi: 10.1124/dmd.110.033696. Epub 2010 Jun 15. [PubMed:20551237]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Glucuronosyltransferase activity
- Specific Function
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds.Its unique specificity for 3,4-catechol estrogens and estriol su...
- Gene Name
- UGT2B7
- Uniprot ID
- P16662
- Uniprot Name
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7
- Molecular Weight
- 60694.12 Da
References
- Ebner T, Wagner K, Wienen W: Dabigatran acylglucuronide, the major human metabolite of dabigatran: in vitro formation, stability, and pharmacological activity. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010 Sep;38(9):1567-75. doi: 10.1124/dmd.110.033696. Epub 2010 Jun 15. [PubMed:20551237]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Glucuronosyltransferase activity
- Specific Function
- UDPGTs are of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isozyme displays activity toward several classes of xeno...
- Gene Name
- UGT2B15
- Uniprot ID
- P54855
- Uniprot Name
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B15
- Molecular Weight
- 61035.815 Da
References
- Ebner T, Wagner K, Wienen W: Dabigatran acylglucuronide, the major human metabolite of dabigatran: in vitro formation, stability, and pharmacological activity. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010 Sep;38(9):1567-75. doi: 10.1124/dmd.110.033696. Epub 2010 Jun 15. [PubMed:20551237]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Nadph dehydrogenase (quinone) activity
- Specific Function
- The enzyme apparently serves as a quinone reductase in connection with conjugation reactions of hydroquinones involved in detoxification pathways as well as in biosynthetic processes such as the vi...
- Gene Name
- NQO2
- Uniprot ID
- P16083
- Uniprot Name
- Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]
- Molecular Weight
- 25918.4 Da
References
- Michaelis S, Marais A, Schrey AK, Graebner OY, Schaudt C, Sefkow M, Kroll F, Dreger M, Glinski M, Koester H, Metternich R, Fischer JJ: Dabigatran and dabigatran ethyl ester: potent inhibitors of ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (NQO2). J Med Chem. 2012 Apr 26;55(8):3934-44. doi: 10.1021/jm3001339. Epub 2012 Apr 17. [PubMed:22494098]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
- Specific Function
- Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
- Gene Name
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08183
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 141477.255 Da
References
- Galanis T, Thomson L, Palladino M, Merli GJ: New oral anticoagulants. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2011 Apr;31(3):310-20. doi: 10.1007/s11239-011-0559-8. [PubMed:21327511]
- Scaglione F: New oral anticoagulants: comparative pharmacology with vitamin K antagonists. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2013 Feb;52(2):69-82. doi: 10.1007/s40262-012-0030-9. [PubMed:23292752]
Drug created on May 03, 2010 12:25 / Updated on February 21, 2019 20:13