Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)

Identification

Summary

Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant) is a solution of Hepatitis B surface antigen used to immunize patients against Hepatitis B.

Brand Names
Engerix-B, Heplisav-B, Pediarix, Recombivax, Twinrix, Vaxelis
Generic Name
Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
DrugBank Accession Number
DB11627
Background

Hepatitis B Vaccine is an ingredient in the EMA-withdrawn product Quintanrix. It is marketed in Canada as Engerix B. It is also a part of Twinrix (Hep A/Hep B vaccine) available also in Canada. The hepatitis B virus induces a severe form of viral hepatitis. Other causative agents are hepatitis A virus, and the non-A, non-B hepatitis viruses. Hepatitis D virus, a defective virus requiring the “keeper function” of the hepatitis B virus, occurs either as a co-infection or super-infection in a HBsAg carrier.

Transmission of the virus occurs through percutaneous contact with contaminated blood, serum or plasma. Infection may also occur by the exposure of mucous surfaces, or intact or damaged skin to other body fluids such as saliva, mucosal secretions and semen.

There is no specific treatment for hepatitis. The incubation period may be as long as 6 months, followed by a very complex clinical course of an acute or chronic nature, often leading to hospitalization.

Viral hepatitis caused by hepatitis B virus is a major worldwide health problem, though the incidence and epidemiology vary widely among geographical areas and population subgroups.

In Canada, the United States and Northern Europe, 4% to 6% of the population are infected during their lifetime (mostly young adults); between 5% and 10% of infections lead to persistent viremia (carrier state). Certain population subgroups in these areas, however, are at high risk (see Indications and Clinical Use).

In Asia, infection often occurs early in life, leading to a hepatitis B marker prevalence of more than 70% in the general population and a carrier rate of up to 20%.

It is estimated that the reservoir of persistent hepatitis B surface antigen carriers amounts to 350 million people worldwide. Carriers are at a high risk of developing chronic liver disease which may lead to cirrhosis or primary hepatocellular carcinoma. A significant reduction in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma has been observed in children aged 6 to14 years following a nationwide hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan. This resulted from a significant decline in the prevalence of hepatitis B antigen, the persistence of which is an essential factor in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Vaccination against hepatitis B is expected in the long term to reduce the overall incidence of both hepatitis B and the chronic complications such as chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis.

Type
Biotech
Groups
Approved, Withdrawn
Biologic Classification
Vaccines
Inactivated / Recombinant
Synonyms
  • HBSAG
  • Hepatitis B antigen
  • Hepatitis B surface antigen
  • Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (rDNA)
  • Hepatitis B surface antigen (recombinant)
  • Hepatitis B surface antigen vaccine
  • Hepatitis B surface antigens
  • Hepatitis B Vaccine
  • Hepatitis B virus hbsag surface protein antigen
  • Hepatitis-B surface antigen

Pharmacology

Indication

Active immunization against hepatitis B virus infection.

The vaccine will not protect against infection caused by hepatitis A and non-A non-B hepatitis viruses. As hepatitis D (caused by the delta agent) does not occur in the absence of hepatitis B infection or carrier state, it can be expected that hepatitis D will also be prevented by vaccination with hepatitis B virus vaccine.

The vaccine can be administered at any age from birth onwards. It may be used to start a primary course of vaccination or as a booster dose. It may also be used to complete a primary course of vaccination started with plasma-derived or yeast-derived vaccines or as a booster dose in subjects who have previously received a primary course of vaccination with plasma-derived or yeast-derived vaccines.

In areas of low prevalence of hepatitis B, vaccination is strongly recommended in subjects who are at increased risk of infection. These include the following groups:

  • Health professionals: physicians and surgeons; oral surgeons and dentists; nurses, dental nurses, dental hygienists, podiatrists; IV teams and operating room personnel; paramedical personnel in close contact with patients; staff in hemodialysis, nephrology, hepatology, hematology and oncology units; laboratory personnel handling blood and other clinical specimens; blood bank and plasma fractionation workers; pathologists and morgue attendants; cleaning staff who handle waste in hospitals; emergency and first aid workers; ambulance staff; dental, medical and nursing students.
  • Patients: patients receiving frequent blood transfusion or clotting factor concentrates, such as those in oncology units and those with thalassemia, sickle-cell anemia, cirrhosis, hemophilia, etc.; patients on hemodialysis; patients with type 2 diabetes.
  • Personnel and residents of institutions: persons with frequent and/or close contacts with high-risk groups; prisoners and prison staff; residents and staff of institutions for the developmentally challenged (those who are in contact with aggressive biting residents being at highest risk).
  • Persons at increased risk due to their sexual practices: males having sexual contact with other males; others with multiple sexual partners or with a recent history of sexually transmitted disease.
  • Persons who use injectable drugs illicitly.
  • Travellers to areas of high endemicity and their close contacts.
  • Household contacts of any of the above groups and of patients with acute or chronic hepatitis B infection.
  • Infants born of HBsAg-positive mothers.
  • Chronic Liver Disease (CLD): subjects with chronic liver disease; subjects at risk of developing CLD (e.g. Hepatitis C virus carriers, persons who abuse alcohol).
  • Others: police; fire fighters; armed forces personnel; morticians and embalmers; those who through their work or personal lifestyle may be exposed to the hepatitis B virus.
  • In areas of both low and high prevalence, vaccination should be offered to all young children and neonates at risk, as well as to adult high risk groups.
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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Used in combination to preventHepatitis a•••••••• •••••••••••• ••••••••••
Prevention ofViral hepatitis b••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

ENGERIX-B induces specific humoral antibodies against the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (anti-HBs antibodies). An anti-HBs antibody titre above 10 IU/l correlates with protection to HBV infection.

Mechanism of action

ENGERIX®-B induces specific humoral antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs antibodies). It is generally accepted that an anti-HBs titre greater than 10 IU/L correlates with protection against hepatitis B virus infection. More than 90% of healthy adults, children and neonates developed protective anti-HBs titres one month after completing a primary vaccination schedule of ENGERIX®-B (hepatitis B vaccine (recombinant)).

Absorption

Vaccine is intended for intramuscular injection. Evaluation of pharmacokinetic properties is not required for vaccines.

Volume of distribution

Evaluation of pharmacokinetic properties is not required for vaccines.

Protein binding

Evaluation of pharmacokinetic properties is not required for vaccines.

Metabolism

Evaluation of pharmacokinetic properties is not required for vaccines.

Route of elimination

Evaluation of pharmacokinetic properties is not required for vaccines.

Half-life

Evaluation of pharmacokinetic properties is not required for vaccines.

Clearance

Evaluation of pharmacokinetic properties is not required for vaccines.

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Cases of overdose have been reported during post-marketing surveillance. Adverse events reported following overdosage were similar to those reported with normal vaccine administration.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbataceptThe therapeutic efficacy of Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant) can be decreased when used in combination with Abatacept.
AdalimumabThe therapeutic efficacy of Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant) can be decreased when used in combination with Adalimumab.
AldesleukinThe therapeutic efficacy of Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant) can be decreased when used in combination with Aldesleukin.
AlefaceptThe therapeutic efficacy of Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant) can be decreased when used in combination with Alefacept.
AlemtuzumabThe therapeutic efficacy of Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant) can be decreased when used in combination with Alemtuzumab.
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Hepatitis B virus subtype ADW HBSAG surface protein antigenXL4HLC6JH6Not AvailableNot applicable
Hepatitis B virus subtype ADW2 HBSAG surface protein antigen9GCJ1L5D1P351186-51-1Not applicable
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Engerix-BInjection, suspension20 ug/1mLIntramuscularA-S Medication Solutions2007-03-28Not applicableUS flag
Engerix-BInjection, suspension10 ug/0.5mLIntramuscularGlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA2007-04-25Not applicableUS flag
Engerix-BSuspension10 mcg / 0.5 mLIntramuscularGlaxosmithkline Inc2019-10-07Not applicableCanada flag
Engerix-BInjection, suspension20 ug/1mLIntramuscularDispensing Solutions, Inc.2009-05-28Not applicableUS flag
Engerix-BSuspension10 mcg / 0.5 mLIntramuscularGlaxosmithkline Inc2008-07-252020-04-01Canada flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
AmbirixHepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant) (20 mcg) + Hepatitis A Vaccine (720 ELISA Units)Injection, suspensionIntramuscularGlaxo Smith Kline Biologicals S.A.2021-03-18Not applicableEU flag
AmbirixHepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant) (20 mcg) + Hepatitis A Vaccine (720 ELISA Units)Injection, suspensionIntramuscularGlaxo Smith Kline Biologicals S.A.2021-03-18Not applicableEU flag
AmbirixHepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant) (20 mcg) + Hepatitis A Vaccine (720 ELISA Units)Injection, suspensionIntramuscularGlaxo Smith Kline Biologicals S.A.2021-03-18Not applicableEU flag
AmbirixHepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant) (20 mcg) + Hepatitis A Vaccine (720 ELISA Units)Injection, suspensionIntramuscularGlaxo Smith Kline Biologicals S.A.2021-03-18Not applicableEU flag
AmbirixHepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant) (20 mcg) + Hepatitis A Vaccine (720 ELISA Units)Injection, suspensionIntramuscularGlaxo Smith Kline Biologicals S.A.2021-03-18Not applicableEU flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
EUVAX-B 0,5 ML FLAKON, 1 ADETHepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant) (20 μg/ml)InjectionIntramuscularBERK İLAÇ İTHALAT VE PAZARLAMA A.Ş2013-08-272024-01-23Turkey flag
EUVAX-B 1 ML FLAKON, 1 ADETHepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant) (20 μg/ml)InjectionIntramuscularBERK İLAÇ İTHALAT VE PAZARLAMA A.Ş2013-08-272024-01-23Turkey flag

Categories

ATC Codes
J07CA08 — Haemophilus influenzae b and hepatitis b
Drug Categories
Classification
Not classified
Affected organisms
  • Hepatitis B virus

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
IFJ010MNE4
CAS number
Not Available

References

General References
  1. Engerix-B Monograph [Link]
  2. FDA Approved Products: Recombivax HB (hepatitis B) vaccine [Link]
PubChem Substance
347911220
RxNav
797752
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Hepatitis_B_vaccine

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4Active Not RecruitingPreventionHand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD)1
4CompletedNot AvailableViral Hepatitis B1
4CompletedBasic ScienceImmunization; Infection / Viral Hepatitis B1
4CompletedBasic ScienceViral Hepatitis B1
4CompletedHealth Services ResearchHealthy Volunteers (HV)1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Injection, suspension10 mcg/0.5ml
SuspensionIntramuscular10.000 mcg
Injection, suspensionIntramuscular
Injection, suspensionIntramuscular10 MICROGRAMMI
Injection, suspensionIntramuscular; Subcutaneous10 mcg/0.5mL
Injection, suspensionIntramuscular; Subcutaneous20 mcg/mL
InjectionIntramuscular20 mcg/1ml
Injection, suspensionIntramuscular10 ug/0.5mL
Injection, suspensionIntramuscular20 ug/1mL
SuspensionIntramuscular10 mcg / 0.5 mL
SuspensionIntramuscular20 mcg / 1 mL
SuspensionIntramuscular20 MCG
SuspensionIntramuscular
SuspensionIntramuscular10 MCG/ML
Injection, suspensionIntramuscular10 mcg/0.5ml
Injection, suspensionParenteral10 Mikrogramm/0.5ml
Injection, suspensionIntramuscular20 mcg/ml
Injection, suspensionParenteral20 Mikrogramm/1ml
SuspensionIntramuscular20 mcg/1ml
SuspensionIntramuscular10 mcg/0.5ml
InjectionIntramuscular10 mcg/0.5ml
SuspensionIntramuscular20 cg
InjectionIntramuscular20 μg/ml
InjectionIntramuscular20 MCG/1.0ML
Injection, suspensionIntramuscular20 mcg/0.5ml
SuspensionIntramuscular20 µg
SuspensionIntramuscular10 µg
Injection, suspensionIntramuscular10 μg/ml
Injection, suspensionIntramuscular10 MCG/ML
Injection, suspensionIntramuscular40 μg/ml
Injection, suspensionIntramuscular40 MCG/ML
Injection, suspensionIntramuscular5 mcg/0.5mL
Injection, suspensionIntramuscular5 μg/0.5ml
Injection, suspensionIntramuscular; Subcutaneous10 mcg/mL
Injection, suspensionIntramuscular; Subcutaneous5 mcg/0.5mL
SuspensionIntramuscular10 µg/ml
InjectionIntramuscular10 MCG/ML
InjectionIntramuscular40 MCG/ML
InjectionIntramuscular5 mcg/0.5ml
SuspensionIntramuscular5 mcg/0.5ml
Injection, solutionIntramuscular20 mcg/1ml
Injection, solutionIntramuscular10 mcg/0.5ml
Injection, solutionIntramuscular20 mcg
Injection, solutionIntramuscular20 ug/0.5mL
Injection, solutionIntramuscular
Injection
SuspensionIntramuscular
Injection, powder, for suspensionIntramuscular
InjectionIntramuscular
Injection, suspensionIntramuscular10 mcg
Injection, suspensionIntramuscular10 ug/1mL
Injection, suspensionIntramuscular; Subcutaneous10 ug/1mL
Injection, suspensionIntramuscular; Subcutaneous40 ug/1mL
Injection, suspensionIntramuscular; Subcutaneous5 ug/0.5mL
SuspensionIntramuscular10 mcg / mL
SuspensionIntramuscular40 mcg / mL
SolutionIntramuscular40 mcg / mL
SolutionIntramuscular10 mcg / mL
InjectionIntramuscular
Injection; injection, suspensionIntramuscular20 mcg/mL
Injection, suspension10 mcg/1ml
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Not Available
Experimental Properties
Not Available

Drug created at October 17, 2016 21:25 / Updated at March 18, 2024 16:48