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targets (85) enzymes (1)
for drugs
Identification
Name Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide
Accession Number DB03147 (EXPT01391)
Type small molecule
Groups experimental
Description

A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms Not Available
Salts Not Available
Brand names Not Available
Brand mixtures Not Available
Categories Not Available
CAS number 146-14-5
Weight Average: 785.5497
Monoisotopic: 785.157134455
Chemical Formula C27H33N9O15P2
InChI Key InChIKey=VWWQXMAJTJZDQX-UYBVJOGSSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C27H33N9O15P2/c1-10-3-12-13(4-11(10)2)35(24-18(32-12)25(42)34-27(43)33-24)5-14(37)19(39)15(38)6-48-52(44,45)51-53(46,47)49-7-16-20(40)21(41)26(50-16)36-9-31-17-22(28)29-8-30-23(17)36/h3-4,8-9,14-16,19-21,26,37-41H,5-7H2,1-2H3,(H,44,45)(H,46,47)(H2,28,29,30)(H,34,42,43)/t14-,15+,16+,19-,20+,21+,26+/m0/s1
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]({[(2R,3S,4S)-5-{7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-2H,3H,4H,10H-benzo[g]pteridin-10-yl}-2,3,4-trihydroxypentyl]oxy})phosphinic acid
SMILES
CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO[P@](O)(=O)O[P@@](O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)N1C=NC3=C1N=CN=C3N)C1=NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=N2
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Not Available
Classes Not Available
Substructures Not Available
Pharmacology
Indication Not Available
Pharmacodynamics Not Available
Mechanism of action Not Available
Absorption Not Available
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Metabolism Not Available
Route of elimination Not Available
Half life Not Available
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms Not Available
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers Not Available
Packagers Not Available
Dosage forms Not Available
Prices Not Available
Patents Not Available
Properties
State solid
Experimental Properties Not Available
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 4.25e+00 g/l ALOGPS
logP -0.78 ALOGPS
logP -5.3 ChemAxon
logS -2.3 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic) 1.86 ChemAxon
pKa (strongest basic) 4.99 ChemAxon
physiological charge -3 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 19 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 9 ChemAxon
polar surface area 356.42 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 13 ChemAxon
refractivity 177.43 ChemAxon
polarizability 70.62 ChemAxon
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference Not Available
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Drug D00005 Link_out
KEGG Compound C00016 Link_out
PubChem Compound 643975 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46508543 Link_out
ChEBI 16238 Link_out
ChEMBL 16238 Link_out
HET FAD Link_out
ATC Codes Not Available
AHFS Codes Not Available
PDB Entries
FDA label Not Available
MSDS Not Available
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available
Targets

1. UDP-galactopyranose mutase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Involved in the conversion of UDP-GalP into UDP-GalF through a 2-keto intermediate

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P37747 Link_out
Gene: glf
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

2. Flavohemoprotein

Pharmacological action: unknown

In the presence of oxygen and NADH, FHP has NADH oxidase activity, which leads to the generation of superoxide and H(2)O(2), both in vitro and in vivo, and it has been suggested that FHP might act as an amplifier of superoxide stress. Under anaerobic conditions, FHP also exhibits nitric oxide reductase and FAD reductase activities. However, all these reactions are much lower than NOD activity

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P39662 Link_out
Gene: hmp
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

3. Glycine oxidase

Pharmacological action: unknown

This deaminating oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of sarcosine (N-methylglycine), N-ethylglycine and glycine. Lower activities on D-alanine, D-valine, and D-proline are detected. Does not act on L-amino acids and other D-amino acids

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: O31616 Link_out
Gene: thiO
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

4. NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase

Pharmacological action: unknown

This enzyme is required for electron transfer from NADP to cytochrome P450 in microsomes. It can also provide electron transfer to heme oxygenase and cytochrome B5

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P16435 Link_out
Gene: POR Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

5. Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial

Pharmacological action: unknown

Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of glutaryl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA and CO(2) in the degradative pathway of L-lysine, L-hydroxylysine, and L-tryptophan metabolism. It uses electron transfer flavoprotein as its electron acceptor. The short isoform is inactive

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q92947 Link_out
Gene: GCDH Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

6. Medium-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial

Pharmacological action: unknown

This enzyme is specific for acyl chain lengths of 4 to 16

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P11310 Link_out
Gene: ACADM Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

7. D-amino-acid oxidase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Regulates the level of the neuromodulator D-serine in the brain. Has high activity towards D-DOPA and contributes to dopamine synthesis. Could act as a detoxifying agent which removes D-amino acids accumulated during aging. Acts on a variety of D- amino acids with a preference for those having small hydrophobic side chains followed by those bearing polar, aromatic, and basic groups. Does not act on acidic amino acids

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P14920 Link_out
Gene: DAO Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

8. Bifunctional protein putA [Includes: Proline dehydrogenase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Oxidizes proline to glutamate for use as a carbon and nitrogen source and also function as a transcriptional repressor of the put operon

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P09546 Link_out
Gene: putA
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

9. Deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Involved in repair of UV radiation-induced DNA damage. Catalyzes the light-dependent monomerization (300-600 nm) of cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers (in cis-syn configuration), which are formed between adjacent bases on the same DNA strand upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P61497 Link_out
Gene: phr
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

10. Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A

Pharmacological action: unknown

Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOA preferentially oxidizes biogenic amines such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine and epinephrine

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P21397 Link_out
Gene: MAOA Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

11. Short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P16219 Link_out
Gene: ACADS Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

12. L-amino-acid oxidase

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q96RQ9 Link_out
Gene: IL4I1
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

13. 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase [NADPH]

Pharmacological action: unknown

Catalyzes the NADP-dependent reduction of 2,4-dienoyl- CoA to yield trans-2- enoyl-CoA

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P42593 Link_out
Gene: fadH
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

14. 2-oxopropyl-CoM reductase, carboxylating

Pharmacological action: unknown

Catalyzes the reductive cleavage of the thioether linkage of 2-ketopropyl-coenzyme M, and the subsequent carboxylation of the ketopropyl cleavage product, yielding the products acetoacetate and free coenzyme M

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: Q56839 Link_out
Gene: xecC
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

15. P-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase

Pharmacological action: unknown

4-hydroxybenzoate + NADPH + O(2) = protocatechuate + NADP(+) + H(2)O

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P20586 Link_out
Gene: pobA
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

16. Nitric-oxide synthase, brain

Pharmacological action: unknown

Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body. In the brain and peripheral nervous system, NO displays many properties of a neurotransmitter

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P29475 Link_out
Gene: NOS1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

17. NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1

Pharmacological action: unknown

The enzyme apparently serves as a quinone reductase in connection with conjugation reactions of hydroquinons involved in detoxification pathways as well as in biosynthetic processes such as the vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylation of glutamate residues in prothrombin synthesis

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P15559 Link_out
Gene: NQO1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

18. P-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase

Pharmacological action: unknown

4-hydroxybenzoate + NADPH + O(2) = protocatechuate + NADP(+) + H(2)O

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P00438 Link_out
Gene: pobA
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

19. Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit

Pharmacological action: unknown

Catalyzes fumarate reduction using artificial electron donors such as methyl viologen. The physiological reductant is unknown, but evidence indicates that flavocytochrome c participates in electron transfer from formate to fumarate and possibly also to trimethylamine oxide (TMAO). This enzyme is essentially unidirectional

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P83223 Link_out
Gene: SO_0970
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

20. ERO1-like protein beta

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q86YB8 Link_out
Gene: ERO1LB
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

21. Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial

Pharmacological action: unknown

Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the cytosol

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P00390 Link_out
Gene: GSR Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

22. NADPH-ferredoxin reductase fprA

Pharmacological action: unknown

May serve as electron transfer protein and supply electrons to P450 systems

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: O05783 Link_out
Gene: fprA
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

23. NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 3

Pharmacological action: unknown

Desaturation and elongation of fatty acids, cholesterol biosynthesis, drug metabolism, and, in erythrocyte, methemoglobin reduction

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P00387 Link_out
Gene: CYB5R3 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

24. Cholesterol oxidase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Cholesterol + O(2) = cholest-4-en-3-one + H(2)O(2)

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P12676 Link_out
Gene: choA
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

25. Thymidylate synthase thyX

Pharmacological action: unknown

Catalyzes the formation of dTMP and tetrahydrofolate from dUMP and methylenetetrahydrofolate

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: Q9WYT0 Link_out
Gene: thyX
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

26. Pyruvate oxidase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Important for the aerobic growth. Decarboxylates pyruvate in four steps. The energy released is partially stored in acetyl phosphate

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P37063 Link_out
Gene: pox5
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

27. Thioredoxin reductase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Thioredoxin + NADP(+) = thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P0A9P4 Link_out
Gene: trxB
Protein Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

28. Glutathione reductase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the cytosol

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P06715 Link_out
Gene: gor
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

29. 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase

Pharmacological action: unknown

5-methyltetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)(+) = 5,10- methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)H

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P0AEZ1 Link_out
Gene: metF
Protein Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

30. Monomeric sarcosine oxidase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Catalyzes the oxidative demethylation of sarcosine. Can also oxidize other secondary amino acids such as N-methyl-L- alanine

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P40859 Link_out
Gene: soxA
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

31. Trypanothione reductase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Trypanothione is the parasite analog of glutathione; this enzyme is the equivalent of glutathione reductase

Organism class: parasitic
UniProt ID: P28593 Link_out
Gene: TPR
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

32. Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]

Pharmacological action: unknown

The enzyme apparently serves as a quinone reductase in connection with conjugation reactions of hydroquinones involved in detoxification pathways as well as in biosynthetic processes such as the vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylation of glutamate residues in prothrombin synthesis

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P16083 Link_out
Gene: NQO2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

33. Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P26440 Link_out
Gene: IVD Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

34. Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase

Pharmacological action: unknown

This enzyme can be converted from the dehydrogenase form (D) to the oxidase form (O) irreversibly by proteolysis or reversibly through the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P47989 Link_out
Gene: XDH Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

35. Cholesterol oxidase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Cholesterol + O(2) = cholest-4-en-3-one + H(2)O(2)

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P22637 Link_out
Gene: choB
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

36. N,N-dimethylglycine oxidase

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: Q9AGP8 Link_out
Gene: dmg
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

37. NADH peroxidase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Peroxidase whose active site is a redox-active cysteine- sulfenic acid

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P37062 Link_out
Gene: npr
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

38. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP+]

Pharmacological action: unknown

Involved in pyrimidine base degradation. Catalyzes the reduction of uracil and thymine. Also involved the degradation of the chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q12882 Link_out
Gene: DPYD Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

39. Ferredoxin--NADP reductase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Reduced ferredoxin + NADP(+) = oxidized ferredoxin + NADPH

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P21890 Link_out
Gene: petH
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

40. D-lactate dehydrogenase

Pharmacological action: unknown

First component of the membrane-bound D-lactate oxidase, which is believed to play an important role in the energization of the active transport of a variety of sugars and amino acids

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P06149 Link_out
Gene: dld
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

41. Sulfite reductase [NADPH] flavoprotein alpha-component

Pharmacological action: unknown

Catalyzes the 6-electron reduction of sulfite to sulfide. This is one of several activities required for the biosynthesis of L-cysteine from sulfate. The flavo-protein component catalyzes the electron flow from NADPH -> FAD -> FMN to the hemoprotein component

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P38038 Link_out
Gene: cysJ
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

42. Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic

Pharmacological action: unknown

Thioredoxin + NADP(+) = thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q16881 Link_out
Gene: TXNRD1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

43. Ferredoxin--NADP reductase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Reduced ferredoxin + NADP(+) = oxidized ferredoxin + NADPH

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: Q44532 Link_out
Gene: fpr
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

44. Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family member 8, mitochondrial

Pharmacological action: unknown

Has very high activity toward isobutyryl-CoA. Could be an isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase that functions in valine catabolism. Plays a role in transcriptional coactivation within the ARC complex

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q9UKU7 Link_out
Gene: ACAD8 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

45. Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, short-chain specific

Pharmacological action: unknown

Has an optimum specificity for 4-carbon length fatty acyl-CoAs

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: Q06319 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA

46. Apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial

Pharmacological action: unknown

Probable oxidoreductase that acts as a caspase- independent mitochondrial effector of apoptotic cell death. Extramitochondrial AIF induces nuclear chromatin condensation and large scale DNA fragmentation (in vitro)

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: O95831 Link_out
Gene: AIFM1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

47. Ferredoxin reductase

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: Q52437 Link_out
Gene: bphA4
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

48. Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase

Pharmacological action: unknown

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components:pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3)

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P18925 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA

49. Amine oxidase, flavin-containing

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: Q888A4 Link_out
Gene: PSPTO1126
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

50. Deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Involved in repair of UV radiation-induced DNA damage. Catalyzes the light-dependent monomerization (300-600 nm) of cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers (in cis-syn configuration), which are formed between adjacent bases on the same DNA strand upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P00914 Link_out
Gene: phrB
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

51. Deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Involved in repair of UV radiation-induced DNA damage. Catalyzes the light-dependent monomerization (300-600 nm) of cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers (in cis-syn configuration), which are formed between adjacent bases on the same DNA strand upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P05327 Link_out
Gene: phr
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

52. L-aspartate oxidase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Catalyzes the oxidation of L-aspartate to iminoaspartate

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P10902 Link_out
Gene: nadB
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

53. Cryptochrome DASH

Pharmacological action: unknown

May have a photoreceptor function. Binds DNA; represses transcription of at least 8 genes, including slr0364 and slr1866. Does not encode a DNA photolyase function. Its disruption does not affect circadian rhythm

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P77967 Link_out
Gene: cry
Protein Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

54. Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial

Pharmacological action: unknown

Lipoamide dehydrogenase is a component of the glycine cleavage system as well as of the alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P09622 Link_out
Gene: DLD Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

55. Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit

Pharmacological action: unknown

Catalyzes unidirectional fumarate reduction using artificial electron donors such as methyl viologen. The physiological reductant is unknown

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: Q9Z4P0 Link_out
Gene: ifcA
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

56. NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 1

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q9UHQ9 Link_out
Gene: CYB5R1
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

57. Oxidoreductase

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: Q7SID9 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA

58. Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B

Pharmacological action: unknown

Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOB preferentially degrades benzylamine and phenylethylamine

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P27338 Link_out
Gene: MAOB Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

59. NADPH:adrenodoxin oxidoreductase, mitochondrial

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P22570 Link_out
Gene: FDXR
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

60. Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1

Pharmacological action: unknown

Catalyzes the desaturation of very long chain acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q15067 Link_out
Gene: ACOX1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

61. UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine reductase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Cell wall formation

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P08373 Link_out
Gene: murB
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

62. FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P55789 Link_out
Gene: GFER
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

63. UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine reductase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Cell wall formation (By similarity)

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P61432 Link_out
Gene: murB
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

64. Flavohemoprotein

Pharmacological action: unknown

Various electron acceptors are also reduced by HMP in vitro, including dihydropterine, ferrisiderophores, ferric citrate, cytochrome c, nitrite, S-nitrosoglutathione, and alkylhydroperoxides. However, it is unknown if these reactions are of any biological significance in vivo

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P24232 Link_out
Gene: hmp
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

65. Phenol 2-hydroxylase component B

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: Q9LAG2 Link_out
Gene: pheA2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

66. 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: Q9RA47 Link_out
Gene: metF
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

67. Putidaredoxin reductase

Pharmacological action: unknown

The oxidation of camphor by cytochrome P450-CAM requires the participation of a flavoprotein, putidaredoxin reductase, and an iron-sulfur protein, putidaredoxin, to mediate the transfer of electrons from NADH to P450 for oxygen activation

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P16640 Link_out
Gene: camA
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

68. PROBABLE DIHYDROLIPOAMIDE DEHYDROGENASE LPDA

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: O53355 Link_out
Gene: lpdA
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

69. UDP-galactopyranose mutase

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: O06934 Link_out
Gene: glf
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

70. Gamma-aminobutyrate metabolism dehydratase/isomerase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Catalyzes the reversible conversion of 4-hydroxybutyryl- CoA to crotonyl-CoA. The mechanism of the reaction seems to go through three steps:(1) the FAD-dependent oxidation of 4- hydroxybutyryl-CoA to 4-hydroxycrotonyl-CoA; (2) the hydroxyl group is substituted by a hydride derived from the now reduced FAD in an SN2' reaction leading to vinylacetyl-CoA; (3) isomerization to yield crotonyl-CoA

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P55792 Link_out
Gene: abfD
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

71. 4-cresol dehydrogenase [hydroxylating] flavoprotein subunit

Pharmacological action: unknown

4-cresol + acceptor + H(2)O = 4- hydroxybenzaldehyde + reduced acceptor

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P09788 Link_out
Gene: pchF
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

72. Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit F

Pharmacological action: unknown

Serves to protect the cell against DNA damage by alkyl hydroperoxides. It can use either NADH or NADPH as electron donor for direct reduction of redox dyes or of alkyl hydroperoxides when combined with the ahpC protein

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P19480 Link_out
Gene: ahpF
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

73. Outer membrane protein p64k or PM-6

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: Q51225 Link_out
Gene: m-6
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

74. Glutathione reductase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the cytosol (By similarity)

Organism class: parasitic
UniProt ID: Q94655 Link_out
Gene: GR2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

75. Phenylacetone monooxygenase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Catalyzes a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction, i.e., the insertion of an oxygen atom into a carbon-carbon bond adjacent to a carbonyl, which converts ketones to esters. Is most efficient with phenylacetone as substrate, leading to the formation of benzyl acetate. Can also oxidize other aromatic ketones (benzylacetone, alpha-methylphenylacetone and 4- hydroxyacetophenone), some alipatic ketones (dodecan-2-one and bicyclohept-2-en-6-one) and sulfides (e.g. methyl 4-tolylsulfide)

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: Q47PU3 Link_out
Gene: pamO
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

76. Benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase electron transfer component

Pharmacological action: unknown

Electron transfer component of benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase system

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P07771 Link_out
Gene: benC
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

77. Putative acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: Q72JJ3 Link_out
Gene: TT_C0779
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

78. FkbI

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: Q9KIE5 Link_out
Gene: fkbI
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

79. Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase

Pharmacological action: unknown

The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of 3 enzymatic components:branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3)

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P09063 Link_out
Gene: lpdV
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

80. Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase

Pharmacological action: unknown

The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of 3 enzymatic components:branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3)

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P14218 Link_out
Gene: lpd
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

81. Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit F

Pharmacological action: unknown

Serves to protect the cell against DNA damage by alkyl hydroperoxides. It can use either NADH or NADPH as electron donor for direct reduction of redox dyes or of alkyl hydroperoxides when combined with the ahpC protein

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P35340 Link_out
Gene: ahpF
Protein Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

82. Ferredoxin--NADP reductase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Reduced ferredoxin + NADP(+) = oxidized ferredoxin + NADPH

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P58558 Link_out
Gene: petH
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

83. Ferredoxin--NADP reductase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Transports electrons between flavodoxin or ferredoxin and NADPH. Involved in the reductive activation of cobalamin- independent methionine synthase, pyruvate formate lyase and anaerobic ribonucleotide reductase. Also protects against superoxide radicals due to methyl viologen in the presence of oxygen

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P28861 Link_out
Gene: fpr
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

84. Mersacidin decarboxylase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of the C- terminal cysteine residue of mersacidin to an aminoenethiol residue

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: Q9RC23 Link_out
Gene: mrsD
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

85. Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit

Pharmacological action: unknown

Catalyzes fumarate reduction using artificial electron donors such as methyl viologen. The physiological reductant is unknown, but evidence indicates that flavocytochrome c participates in electron transfer from formate to fumarate and possibly also to trimethylamine oxide (TMAO). This enzyme is essentially unidirectional

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P0C278 Link_out
Gene: fccA
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B

Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOB preferentially degrades benzylamine and phenylethylamine

UniProt ID: P27338 Link_out
Gene: MAOB Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on February 08, 2013 16:21