Magnesium oxide

Identification

Summary

Magnesium oxide is a compound commonly used as a laxative for the symptomatic relief of acid indigestion and upset stomach, and in health supplements for cardiovascular and neuromuscular health.

Brand Names
Clenpiq, Diphen, Pico-salax, Picoflo, Pregvit, Purg-odan
Generic Name
Magnesium oxide
DrugBank Accession Number
DB01377
Background

Magnesium oxide is an inorganic compound that occurs in nature as the mineral periclase. In aqueous media combines quickly with water to form magnesium hydroxide. It is used as an antacid and mild laxative and has many nonmedicinal uses.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 40.304
Monoisotopic: 39.97995652
Chemical Formula
MgO
Synonyms
  • Magnesia
  • Magnesium oxide
External IDs
  • E-530
  • INS NO.530
  • INS-530

Pharmacology

Indication

Indicated for over-the-counter use as a supplement for cardiovascular and neuromuscular health, and as an antacid for relief of acid indigestion and upset stomach.

Magnesium oxide, in combination with sodium picosulfate and anhydrous citric acid, is indicated for cleansing of the colon as a preparation for colonoscopy in adults and pediatric patients ages 9 years and older.3

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Symptomatic treatment ofAcid indigestion••• •••
Symptomatic treatment ofHeartburn••• •••
Associated Therapies
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Not Available

Mechanism of action

The term "Milk of Magnesia" was first used to describe a white aqueous, mildly alkaline suspension of magnesium hydroxide formulated at about 8%w/v. Milk of magnesia is primarily used to alleviate constipation, but can also be used to relieve indigestion and heartburn. When taken internally by mouth as a laxative, the osmotic force of the magnesia suspension acts to draw fluids from the body and to retain those already within the lumen of the intestine, serving to distend the bowel, thus stimulating nerves within the colon wall, inducing peristalsis and resulting in evacuation of colonic contents. Magnesium supplements have also been shown to reduce platelet aggregation by inhibiting in the influx of calcium, a crucial component of platelet aggregation.

Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AcetaminophenMagnesium oxide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Acetaminophen resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
AcetazolamideThe risk or severity of dehydration can be increased when Acetazolamide is combined with Magnesium oxide.
AcetophenazineMagnesium oxide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Acetophenazine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
AclidiniumThe therapeutic efficacy of Magnesium oxide can be decreased when used in combination with Aclidinium.
Alendronic acidThe serum concentration of Alendronic acid can be decreased when it is combined with Magnesium oxide.
Food Interactions
  • Take with food. When using magnesium to treat calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, magnesium oxide should be taken with food.
  • Take with or without food. Many different products contain magnesium oxide; refer to the product monograph for more specific instruction. Taking magnesium supplements with food may reduce the risk of diarrhea.

Products

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Active Moieties
NameKindUNIICASInChI Key
Magnesium cationionicT6V3LHY83822537-22-0JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
MagnesiumunknownI38ZP9992A7439-95-4RSHAOIXHUHAZPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Product Images
International/Other Brands
Magmitt
Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
AntacidTablet400 mg/1OralSpirit Pharmaceuticals LLC2021-11-16Not applicableUS flag
MagnelisCapsule165 mg / capOralImport Export SantÉ Nature Inc.1999-02-202003-08-01Canada flag
Magnesium 250mg TabTablet250 mg / tabOralBioforce Canada Inc.1994-12-311997-07-22Canada flag
Magnesium OxideTablet241.3 mg/1000mgOralWittman Pharma, Inc.2023-03-16Not applicableUS flag
Magnesium OxideTablet400 mg/1OralH. J. Harkins Company Inc.2017-06-16Not applicableUS flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Anaplex TabMagnesium oxide (50 mg / tab) + Ascorbic acid (40 mg / tab) + Calcium (160 mg / tab) + Iodine (.05 mg / tab) + Nicotinamide (30 mg / tab) + Calcium pantothenate (15 mg / tab) + Phosphorus (75.33 mg / tab) + Potassium chloride (20 mg / tab) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (40 mg / tab) + Vitamin A palmitate (2000 unit / tab) + Vitamin D (133.33 unit / tab)TabletOralAnabolic Laboratories Inc.1975-12-311996-10-02Canada flag
ArmaxMagnesium oxide (50 mg) + Ascorbic acid (15 mg) + Manganese (1.5 mg) + Niacin (15 mg) + Nicotinamide (150 mg) + Calcium pantothenate (50 mg) + Zinc (1.5 mg)TabletOralEnzymatic Therapy, Inc.1997-03-202001-08-02Canada flag
Aspirin Plus Stomach Guard Ext.stgth.capletMagnesium oxide (96.9 mg / tab) + Acetylsalicylic acid (500 mg / tab) + Calcium carbonate (246.2 mg / tab) + Magnesium carbonate (52.3 mg / tab)TabletOralSterling Winthrop Inc.1994-12-311996-09-10Canada flag
Aspirin Plus Stomach Guard Extra StrengthMagnesium oxide (96.95 mg / tab) + Acetylsalicylic acid (500 mg / tab) + Calcium carbonate (246.22 mg / tab) + Magnesium carbonate (52.32 mg / tab)TabletOralBayer Inc Consumer Care1995-12-311998-09-28Canada flag
Aspirin Plus Stomach Guard TabMagnesium oxide (63 mg / tab) + Acetylsalicylic acid (325 mg / tab) + Calcium carbonate (160 mg / tab) + Magnesium carbonate (34 mg / tab)TabletOralSterling Winthrop Inc.1994-12-311996-09-10Canada flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
AbaviteMagnesium oxide (25 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (60 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (0.025 mg/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (13.5 mg/1) + Ferrous sulfate (30 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Mecobalamin (0.5 mg/1) + Niacin (15 mg/1) + Calcium pantothenate (5 mg/1) + Potassium Iodide (0.25 mg/1) + Riboflavin (1.8 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.6 mg/1) + Vitamin A palmitate (0.33 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (15 mg/1)TabletOralABACOS HEALTH2021-03-31Not applicableUS flag
Active FEMagnesium oxide (30 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (160 mg/1) + Beta carotene (2100 [iU]/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Cupric oxide (1 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (30 ug/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (40 [iU]/1) + Folic acid (1250 ug/1) + Iron (75 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Thiamine hydrochloride (4 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (20 mg/1)TabletOralGm Pharmaceuticals2013-11-11Not applicableUS flag
BacminMagnesium oxide (50 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (500 mg/1) + Biotin (150 ug/1) + Chromium Cr-51 chloride (0.1 mg/1) + Cupric oxide (3 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (50 ug/1) + Ferrous fumarate (27 mg/1) + Flavone (50 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Manganese gluconate (5 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (100 mg/1) + Calcium pantothenate (25 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (25 mg/1) + Riboflavin (20 mg/1) + Selenomethionine (50 ug/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (20 mg/1) + Vitamin A acetate (2000 [iU]/1) + Zinc oxide (22.5 mg/1) + alpha-Tocopherol acetate (30 [iU]/1)Tablet, coatedOralMarnel Pharmaceuticals, Llc2000-04-01Not applicableUS flag
Bal-Care DHAMagnesium oxide (25 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Beta carotene (2850 [iU]/1) + Calcium carbonate (219 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (840 [iU]/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (.012 mg/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (3 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iodine (.223 mg/1) + Iron sucrose (1.35 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Omega-3 fatty acids (430 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (50 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Sodium feredetate (25.65 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.8 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1)KitOralPru Gen Pharmaceuticals2012-05-01Not applicableUS flag
Bal-Care DHA EssentialMagnesium oxide (25 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Beta carotene (2850 [iU]/1) + Calcium carbonate (219 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (840 [iU]/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (.012 mg/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (3 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iodine (.223 mg/1) + Iron sucrose (1.35 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Omega-3 fatty acids (374 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (50 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Sodium feredetate (25.65 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.8 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1)KitOralPru Gen Pharmaceuticals2012-05-01Not applicableUS flag

Categories

ATC Codes
A02AA02 — Magnesium oxideA12CC10 — Magnesium oxideA06AD02 — Magnesium oxide
Drug Categories
Classification
Not classified
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
3A3U0GI71G
CAS number
1309-48-4
InChI Key
AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/Mg.O/q+2;-2
IUPAC Name
magnesium(2+) oxidandiide
SMILES
[O--].[Mg++]

References

Synthesis Reference

Jajnya D. Panda, Santosh K. Mahapatra, "Process for the production of magnesium oxide from brine or bittern." U.S. Patent US4370422, issued June, 1921.

US4370422
General References
  1. Kh R, Khullar M, Kashyap M, Pandhi P, Uppal R: Effect of oral magnesium supplementation on blood pressure, platelet aggregation and calcium handling in deoxycorticosterone acetate induced hypertension in rats. J Hypertens. 2000 Jul;18(7):919-26. [Article]
  2. Shechter M, Merz CN, Paul-Labrador M, Meisel SR, Rude RK, Molloy MD, Dwyer JH, Shah PK, Kaul S: Oral magnesium supplementation inhibits platelet-dependent thrombosis in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 1999 Jul 15;84(2):152-6. [Article]
  3. FDA Approved Drug Products: CLENPIQ (sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide, and anhydrous citric acid) oral solution [Link]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0303510
KEGG Drug
D01167
KEGG Compound
C12567
PubChem Compound
14792
PubChem Substance
46504815
ChemSpider
5254017
RxNav
6582
ChEBI
31794
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1200572
PharmGKB
PA450298
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Magnesia

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedNot AvailableBowel preparation therapy1
4CompletedDiagnosticColonoscopy1
4CompletedDiagnosticHemodynamics / Hyponatremia1
4CompletedScreeningColorectal Cancer1
4CompletedSupportive CareColon Cancer1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
  • Bayer Healthcare
  • Blaine Pharmaceuticals
  • Gallipot
  • Major Pharmaceuticals
  • Manne Co.
  • Mckesson Corp.
  • Particle Dynamics Co.
  • Qualitest
  • Rising Pharmaceuticals
  • Rugby Laboratories
  • Walgreen Co.
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
TabletOral243 mg
Powder, for solutionOral
PowderParenteral1 g/50g
KitOral
KitNot applicable
Tablet, film coated
PowderOral
Cream; kit; liquid; ointment; tablet; tablet, chewable; tablet, film coatedOral; Topical
TabletOral
Tablet, effervescentOral
Capsule, liquid filled; kit; tabletOral
TabletOral200 mg
Tablet, coatedOral
Capsule, coatedOral
GranuleOral
CapsuleOral165 mg / cap
TabletOral250 mg / tab
CapsuleOral250 mg
TabletOral241.3 mg/1000mg
TabletOral253 mg/1
TabletOral400 mg/1
TabletOral420 mg/1
TabletOral250 mg
Powder1 kg/1kg
PowderOral240 mg / mL
TabletOral252 mg / tab
TabletOral420 mg
TabletOral70 mg / tab
TabletOral410 mg
Powder, for solutionOral100 g
CapsuleOral150 mg
Granule, for solutionOral
CapsuleOral
Capsule, liquid filled; kit; tablet, film coatedOral
Powder, for solutionOral12 g
Capsule, gelatin coatedOral
Powder, meteredOral
PillOral
LiquidOral
WaferOral
Granule
Capsule; kit; tablet, coatedOral
Capsule; kit; tablet, film coatedOral
SolutionIrrigation
LiquidIrrigation
Capsule; kit; tabletOral
Tablet, film coatedOral
Tablet, chewableOral
Capsule, liquid filledOral
Capsule, gelatin coated; kit; tabletOral
Powder
Suspension
CapsuleOral84.5 mg
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Phillips 500 mg caplet0.18USD caplet
Magnesium oxide 400 mg tablet0.13USD tablet
Magnesium oxide 420 mg tablet0.11USD tablet
Magox 400 tablet0.11USD tablet
Mag-oxide 400 mg tablet0.09USD tablet
Magnesium oxide powder heavy0.05USD g
Magnesium oxide 500 mg tablet0.04USD tablet
Maox 420 mg tablet0.04USD tablet
Magnesium oxide 250 mg tablet0.03USD tablet
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US8450338No2013-05-282028-10-10US flag
US8481083No2013-07-092028-10-10US flag
US9827231No2017-11-282034-06-23US flag
US10624879No2020-04-212034-06-23US flag
US11191753No2021-12-072034-06-23US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP-0.57Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.09Chemaxon
Physiological Charge2Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area0 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count0Chemaxon
Refractivity0 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability1.78 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings0Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleYesChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9838
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9837
Caco-2 permeable+0.6708
P-glycoprotein substrateNon-substrate0.8922
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.9725
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.995
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.9248
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8638
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.894
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.8026
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.8153
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9268
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9535
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9338
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9869
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.9062
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.7478
CarcinogenicityCarcinogens 0.7198
BiodegradationReady biodegradable0.7705
Rat acute toxicity2.2618 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9031
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.977
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
Not Available
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Not Available

Drug created at July 06, 2007 20:30 / Updated at March 18, 2024 19:36