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IdentificationPharmacologyInteractionsReferencesTrialsEconomicsPropertiesSpectraTaxonomyIdentification
- Name
- Norfloxacin
- Accession Number
- DB01059 (APRD00469)
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Description
A synthetic fluoroquinolone (fluoroquinolones) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase.
- Structure
Structure for Norfloxacin (DB01059)
- Synonyms
- 1-Ethyl-6-fluor-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-chinolincarbonsäure
- 1-Ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
- 1,4-Dihydro-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
- NFLX
- Norfloxacin
- Norfloxacine
- Norfloxacino
- Norfloxacinum
- External IDs
- MK-366
- Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Unlock Additional DataCo Norfloxacin Tablet Oral Cobalt Laboratories 2006-07-18 2018-05-18 Canada 
Norfloxacin Tablet Oral Pharmel Inc Not applicable Not applicable Canada Norfloxacin Tablet Oral Aa Pharma Inc 1998-07-20 Not applicable Canada Norfloxacin Tablet Oral Cobalt Laboratories Not applicable Not applicable Canada Norfloxacine-400 Tablet Oral Pro Doc Limitee 1999-08-23 2010-07-13 Canada Noroxin Tablet Oral Merck Ltd. 1986-12-31 2005-06-18 Canada Noroxin Solution Ophthalmic Merck Ltd. 1990-12-31 2005-06-18 Canada Noroxin Tablet, film coated 400 mg/1 Oral Merck Sharp & Dohme Limited 1986-10-31 2014-11-30 US 
Noroxin Tablet, film coated 400 mg/1 Oral Physicians Total Care, Inc. 1986-10-31 2012-10-08 US Additional Data Available- Application NumberApplication Number
A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.
Learn more - Product CodeProduct Code
A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.
Learn more
- Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Unlock Additional DataAva-norfloxacin Tablet Oral Avanstra Inc 2011-11-23 2014-08-21 Canada Ntp-norfloxacin Tablet Oral TEVA Canada Limited Not applicable Not applicable Canada PMS-norfloxacin Tablet Oral Pharmascience Inc 2002-09-26 2017-09-30 Canada Riva-norfloxacin Tablet Oral Laboratoire Riva Inc 2008-06-13 2013-07-31 Canada Riva-norfloxacin Tablet Oral Laboratoire Riva Inc 2000-01-31 2013-07-31 Canada Teva-norfloxacin Tablet Oral TEVA Canada Limited 1998-08-20 2019-04-01 Canada Additional Data Available- Application NumberApplication Number
A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.
Learn more - Product CodeProduct Code
A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.
Learn more
- International/Other Brands
- Chibroxin
- Categories
- Agents Causing Muscle Toxicity
- Anti-Bacterial Agents
- Anti-Infective Agents
- Antibacterials for Systemic Use
- Antiinfectives for Systemic Use
- Chemically-Induced Disorders
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A7 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A7 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Fluoroquinolones
- Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring
- OAT1/SLC22A6 inhibitors
- Ophthalmologicals
- Potential QTc-Prolonging Agents
- QTc Prolonging Agents
- Quinolines
- Quinolone Antimicrobial
- Quinolones
- Sensory Organs
- Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
- Topoisomerase Inhibitors
- UNII
- N0F8P22L1P
- CAS number
- 70458-96-7
- Weight
- Average: 319.3308
Monoisotopic: 319.133219662 - Chemical Formula
- C16H18FN3O3
- InChI Key
- OGJPXUAPXNRGGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C16H18FN3O3/c1-2-19-9-11(16(22)23)15(21)10-7-12(17)14(8-13(10)19)20-5-3-18-4-6-20/h7-9,18H,2-6H2,1H3,(H,22,23)
- IUPAC Name
- 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
- SMILES
- CCN1C=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=C(C=C12)N1CCNCC1
Pharmacology
- Indication
For the treatment of urinary tract infection
- Associated Conditions
- Pharmacodynamics
Norfloxacin is a quinolone/fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase, which allows the untwisting required to replicate one DNA double helix into two. Notably the drug has 100 times higher affinity for bacterial DNA gyrase than for mammalian.
- Mechanism of action
The bactericidal action of Norfloxacin results from inhibition of the enzymes topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, which are required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. Norfloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic agent that is shown to be effective against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species. The fluorine atom at the 6 position increases potency against gram-negative organisms, and the piperazine moiety at the 7 position is responsible for anti-pseudomonal activity
Target Actions Organism ADNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A inhibitorHaemophilus influenzae (strain ATCC 51907 / DSM 11121 / KW20 / Rd) ADNA gyrase subunit A inhibitorHaemophilus influenzae (strain ATCC 51907 / DSM 11121 / KW20 / Rd) UDNA topoisomerase 2-alpha inhibitorHumans - Absorption
Rapid
- Volume of distribution
- Not Available
- Protein binding
10 and 15% (Serum protein binding)
- Metabolism
Via liver and kidney
- Route of elimination
Norfloxacin is eliminated through metabolism, biliary excretion, and renal excretion. It is expected to undergo both glomerular filtration and tubular secretion during renal excretion, as shown by its high renal clearance rate of approximately 275 mL/min.
- Half life
3-4 hours
- Clearance
- Not Available
- Toxicity
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Unlock Additional Data
Additional Data Available
Adverse Effects
Comprehensive structured data on known drug adverse effects with statistical prevalence. MedDRA and ICD10 ids are provided for adverse effect conditions and symptoms.
Learn more Additional Data Available
Contraindications
Structured data covering drug contraindications. Each contraindication describes a scenario in which the drug is not to be used. Includes restrictions on co-administration, contraindicated populations, and more.
Learn more Additional Data Available
Blackbox Warnings
Structured data representing warnings from the black box section of drug labels. These warnings cover important and dangerous risks, contraindications, or adverse effects.
Learn moreInteractions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Unlock Additional Data(R)-warfarin The serum concentration of (R)-warfarin can be increased when it is combined with Norfloxacin. (S)-Warfarin The serum concentration of (S)-Warfarin can be increased when it is combined with Norfloxacin. 2,4-thiazolidinedione The therapeutic efficacy of 2,4-thiazolidinedione can be increased when used in combination with Norfloxacin. 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-7H-xanthine The metabolism of 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-7H-xanthine can be decreased when combined with Norfloxacin. 4-hydroxycoumarin The therapeutic efficacy of 4-hydroxycoumarin can be increased when used in combination with Norfloxacin. 6-O-benzylguanine The metabolism of 6-O-benzylguanine can be decreased when combined with Norfloxacin. 7-Deazaguanine The metabolism of 7-Deazaguanine can be decreased when combined with Norfloxacin. 7,9-Dimethylguanine The metabolism of 7,9-Dimethylguanine can be decreased when combined with Norfloxacin. 8-azaguanine The metabolism of 8-azaguanine can be decreased when combined with Norfloxacin. 8-chlorotheophylline The metabolism of 8-chlorotheophylline can be decreased when combined with Norfloxacin. Additional Data Available- Extended DescriptionExtended Description
Extended description of the mechanism of action and particular properties of each drug interaction.
Learn more - Severity
- Evidence Level
- ActionAction
An effect category for each drug interaction. Know how this interaction affects the subject drug.
Learn more
- Food Interactions
- Drink plenty of fluids.
- Limit caffeine intake.
- Take on an empty stomach.
References
- Synthesis Reference
- US4146719
- General References
- Goldstein EJ: Norfloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent. Classification, mechanism of action, and in vitro activity. Am J Med. 1987 Jun 26;82(6B):3-17. [PubMed:3111257]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0015192
- KEGG Drug
- D00210
- KEGG Compound
- C06687
- PubChem Compound
- 4539
- PubChem Substance
- 46508634
- ChemSpider
- 4380
- BindingDB
- 50045000
- RxNav
- 7517
- ChEBI
- 100246
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL9
- ZINC
- ZINC000000003742
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000654
- PharmGKB
- PA450654
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- PDRhealth
- PDRhealth Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Norfloxacin
- ATC Codes
- J01RA13 — Norfloxacin and tinidazole
- J01RA — Combinations of antibacterials
- J01R — COMBINATIONS OF ANTIBACTERIALS
- J01 — ANTIBACTERIALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE
- J — ANTIINFECTIVES FOR SYSTEMIC USE
- AHFS Codes
- 52:04.04 — Antibacterials
- 08:12.18 — Quinolones
- FDA label
- Download (599 KB)
- MSDS
- Download (42.5 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 0 Recruiting Treatment Osteomyelitis 1 2 Completed Treatment Hepatopulmonary Syndrome 1 2, 3 Unknown Status Prevention Liver Cirrhosis / Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) 1 3 Completed Prevention Cirrhosis With Ascites 1 3 Completed Prevention Liver Cirrhosis 1 3 Recruiting Prevention Ascites / Liver Cirrhosis / Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) 1 3 Terminated Prevention Liver Cirrhosis 1 3 Unknown Status Prevention Liver Cirrhosis / Varices, Esophageal 1 3 Withdrawn Treatment Cystitis 1 4 Completed Prevention Adverse Reaction to Other Drugs and Medicines 1 4 Completed Prevention Hepatorenal Syndrome / Liver Cirrhosis / Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) 1 4 Not Yet Recruiting Treatment Urinary Tract Infection 1 4 Terminated Treatment Urinary Tract Infection 1 Not Available Completed Treatment Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) 1 Not Available Unknown Status Treatment Portal Hypertension 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Amerisource Health Services Corp.
- Merck & Co.
- Pharmaceutical Utilization Management Program VA Inc.
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Shire Inc.
- Dosage forms
Form Route Strength Tablet Oral Solution Ophthalmic Tablet, film coated Oral 400 mg/1 - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Noroxin 400 mg tablet 4.21USD tablet Apo-Norflox 400 mg Tablet 1.44USD tablet Co Norfloxacin 400 mg Tablet 1.28USD tablet Novo-Norfloxacin 400 mg Tablet 1.28USD tablet Pms-Norfloxacin 400 mg Tablet 1.28USD tablet DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 227-228 °C PhysProp water solubility 1.78E+005 mg/L Not Available logP -1.03 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 1.01 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -0.47 ALOGPS logP -0.92 ChemAxon logS -2.5 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 5.77 ChemAxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 8.68 ChemAxon Physiological Charge 0 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 6 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 72.88 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 3 ChemAxon Refractivity 85.48 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 32.26 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 3 ChemAxon Bioavailability 1 ChemAxon Rule of Five Yes ChemAxon Ghose Filter No ChemAxon Veber's Rule No ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9916 Blood Brain Barrier - 0.9824 Caco-2 permeable - 0.8683 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.8554 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.849 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.8657 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.7588 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8301 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.9116 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.7558 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9046 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9268 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9231 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9148 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8988 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity High CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.5702 Ames test AMES toxic 0.9108 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.7923 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 1.0 Rat acute toxicity 1.8785 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.7034 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.5292
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Taxonomy
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as quinoline carboxylic acids. These are quinolines in which the quinoline ring system is substituted by a carboxyl group at one or more positions.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organoheterocyclic compounds
- Class
- Quinolines and derivatives
- Sub Class
- Quinoline carboxylic acids
- Direct Parent
- Quinoline carboxylic acids
- Alternative Parents
- Fluoroquinolones / N-arylpiperazines / Haloquinolines / Hydroquinolones / Aminoquinolines and derivatives / Hydroquinolines / Pyridinecarboxylic acids / Dialkylarylamines / Benzenoids / Aryl fluorides show 12 more
- Substituents
- Quinoline-3-carboxylic acid / Fluoroquinolone / N-arylpiperazine / Aminoquinoline / Haloquinoline / Dihydroquinolone / Dihydroquinoline / Pyridine carboxylic acid / Pyridine carboxylic acid or derivatives / Tertiary aliphatic/aromatic amine show 29 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- N-arylpiperazine, quinolone antibiotic, fluoroquinolone antibiotic, quinolone, quinolinemonocarboxylic acid (CHEBI:100246) / Fluoroquinolones (C06687)
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Haemophilus influenzae (strain ATCC 51907 / DSM 11121 / KW20 / Rd)
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Dna topoisomerase type ii (atp-hydrolyzing) activity
- Specific Function
- Topoisomerase IV is essential for chromosome segregation. It relaxes supercoiled DNA. Performs the decatenation events required during the replication of a circular DNA molecule.
- Gene Name
- parC
- Uniprot ID
- P43702
- Uniprot Name
- DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A
- Molecular Weight
- 83366.24 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423]
- Rafii F, Park M, Novak JS: Alterations in DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV in resistant mutants of Clostridium perfringens found after in vitro treatment with fluoroquinolones. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005 Feb;49(2):488-92. [PubMed:15673722]
- Vila J, Sanchez-Cespedes J, Sierra JM, Piqueras M, Nicolas E, Freixas J, Giralt E: Antibacterial evaluation of a collection of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin derivatives against multiresistant bacteria. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2006 Jul;28(1):19-24. Epub 2006 Jun 14. [PubMed:16781123]
- Oyamada Y, Ito H, Fujimoto K, Asada R, Niga T, Okamoto R, Inoue M, Yamagishi J: Combination of known and unknown mechanisms confers high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones in Enterococcus faecium. J Med Microbiol. 2006 Jun;55(Pt 6):729-36. [PubMed:16687591]
- Drlica K, Zhao X: DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV, and the 4-quinolones. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1997 Sep;61(3):377-92. [PubMed:9293187]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Haemophilus influenzae (strain ATCC 51907 / DSM 11121 / KW20 / Rd)
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Dna topoisomerase type ii (atp-hydrolyzing) activity
- Specific Function
- DNA gyrase negatively supercoils closed circular double-stranded DNA in an ATP-dependent manner and also catalyzes the interconversion of other topological isomers of double-stranded DNA rings, inc...
- Gene Name
- gyrA
- Uniprot ID
- P43700
- Uniprot Name
- DNA gyrase subunit A
- Molecular Weight
- 97817.145 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423]
- Hombrouck C, Capmau ML, Moreau N: Overexpression, purification and photoaffinity labeling with a 3H-analogue of norfloxacin, of the GyrA and GyrB subunits of the DNA gyrase. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 1999 May;45(3):347-52. [PubMed:10386791]
- Hooper DC: Quinolone mode of action--new aspects. Drugs. 1993;45 Suppl 3:8-14. [PubMed:7689456]
- Fukuda H, Hori S, Hiramatsu K: Antibacterial activity of gatifloxacin (AM-1155, CG5501, BMS-206584), a newly developed fluoroquinolone, against sequentially acquired quinolone-resistant mutants and the norA transformant of Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Aug;42(8):1917-22. [PubMed:9687384]
- Drlica K, Zhao X: DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV, and the 4-quinolones. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1997 Sep;61(3):377-92. [PubMed:9293187]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Ubiquitin binding
- Specific Function
- Control of topological states of DNA by transient breakage and subsequent rejoining of DNA strands. Topoisomerase II makes double-strand breaks. Essential during mitosis and meiosis for proper segr...
- Gene Name
- TOP2A
- Uniprot ID
- P11388
- Uniprot Name
- DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha
- Molecular Weight
- 174383.88 Da
References
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- Curator comments
- This drug is a fluoroquinolone, and these agents are known to inhibit CYP1A2.
- General Function
- Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP1A2
- Uniprot ID
- P05177
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 1A2
- Molecular Weight
- 58293.76 Da
References
- Zhang L, Wei MJ, Zhao CY, Qi HM: Determination of the inhibitory potential of 6 fluoroquinolones on CYP1A2 and CYP2C9 in human liver microsomes. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2008 Dec;29(12):1507-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00908.x. [PubMed:19026171]
- English BA, Dortch M, Ereshefsky L, Jhee S: Clinically significant psychotropic drug-drug interactions in the primary care setting. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2012 Aug;14(4):376-90. doi: 10.1007/s11920-012-0284-9. [PubMed:22707017]
- Shahzadi A, Javed I, Aslam B, Muhammad F, Asi MR, Ashraf MY, Zia-ur-Rahman: Therapeutic effects of ciprofloxacin on the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine in healthy adult male volunteers. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2011 Jan;24(1):63-8. [PubMed:21190921]
- Fuhr U, Anders EM, Mahr G, Sorgel F, Staib AH: Inhibitory potency of quinolone antibacterial agents against cytochrome P450IA2 activity in vivo and in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992 May;36(5):942-8. [PubMed:1510417]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- McLellan RA, Drobitch RK, Monshouwer M, Renton KW: Fluoroquinolone antibiotics inhibit cytochrome P450-mediated microsomal drug metabolism in rat and human. Drug Metab Dispos. 1996 Oct;24(10):1134-8. [PubMed:8894516]
- Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Vitamin d 24-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP1A1
- Uniprot ID
- P04798
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 1A1
- Molecular Weight
- 58164.815 Da
References
- McLellan RA, Drobitch RK, Monshouwer M, Renton KW: Fluoroquinolone antibiotics inhibit cytochrome P450-mediated microsomal drug metabolism in rat and human. Drug Metab Dispos. 1996 Oct;24(10):1134-8. [PubMed:8894516]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Symporter activity
- Specific Function
- Sodium-ion dependent, high affinity carnitine transporter. Involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine. Transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cat...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A5
- Uniprot ID
- O76082
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 5
- Molecular Weight
- 62751.08 Da
References
- Ohashi R, Tamai I, Yabuuchi H, Nezu JI, Oku A, Sai Y, Shimane M, Tsuji A: Na(+)-dependent carnitine transport by organic cation transporter (OCTN2): its pharmacological and toxicological relevance. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Nov;291(2):778-84. [PubMed:10525100]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in the renal elimination of endogenous and exogenous organic anions. Functions as organic anion exchanger when the uptake of one molecule of organic anion is coupled with an efflux of one ...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A6
- Uniprot ID
- Q4U2R8
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 6
- Molecular Weight
- 61815.78 Da
References
- Jariyawat S, Sekine T, Takeda M, Apiwattanakul N, Kanai Y, Sophasan S, Endou H: The interaction and transport of beta-lactam antibiotics with the cloned rat renal organic anion transporter 1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Aug;290(2):672-7. [PubMed:10411577]
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on June 04, 2020 15:40
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