Exenatide, derived from a compound found in the saliva of the Gila monster, a large lizard native to the southwestern US, is a functional analog of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1), a naturally occuring peptide.

Protein structure

Protein chemical formula

C₁₈₄H₂₈₂N₅₀O₆₀S

Protein average weight

4186.6 Da

Sequences

>Exenatide
HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPS

Download FASTA Format

Synonyms

AC 2993
AC-2993
AC002993
AC2993
AC2993a
Exenatide
Exenatide synthetic
Synthetic exendin-4

External IDs

AC2993

Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Bydureon	Injection, powder, for suspension, extended release; Kit	2 mg	Subcutaneous	Astra Zeneca	2016-02-16	Not applicable
Bydureon	Injection, powder, for suspension, extended release	2 mg	Subcutaneous	Astra Zeneca Ab	2011-06-17	Not applicable
Bydureon	Injection, powder, for suspension, extended release	2 mg	Subcutaneous	Astra Zeneca Ab	2011-06-17	Not applicable
Bydureon	Kit			Astra Zeneca Lp	2015-02-01	Not applicable
Bydureon	Kit			Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Llc.	2012-01-27	2018-01-31
Bydureon	Injection, powder, for suspension, extended release	2 mg	Subcutaneous	Astra Zeneca Ab	2011-06-17	Not applicable
Bydureon	Injection, suspension, extended release	2 mg/.65mL	Subcutaneous	Astra Zeneca Lp	2014-09-08	Not applicable
Bydureon	Injection, powder, for suspension, extended release	2 mg	Subcutaneous	Astra Zeneca Ab	2011-06-17	Not applicable
Bydureon	Kit			Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Llc.	2012-01-27	2018-01-31
BYDUREON BCise	Injection, suspension, extended release	2 mg/.85mL	Subcutaneous	Astra Zeneca Lp	2017-12-01	Not applicable

International/Other Brands

Bydureon / Byetta

Categories

UNII

9P1872D4OL

CAS number

141758-74-9

Pharmacology

Indication

Indicated as adjunctive therapy to improve glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus who are taking metformin, a sulfonylurea, or a combination of both, but have not achieved adequate glycemic control.

Associated Conditions

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Pharmacodynamics

Exenatide is an incretin mimetic, which has glucoregulatory effects. While it is has blood-sugar lowering actions alone, it can also be combined with other medications such as pioglitazone, metformin, sulfonylureas, and/or insulin to improve glucose control. The approved use of exenatide is with either sulfonylureas, metformin and thiazolinediones. The medication is injected twice per day using a pre-filled pen device. Typical human responses to exenatide plus eating include improvements in the initial rapid release of endogenous insulin, suppression of glucagon release by the pancreas, regulation of gastric empyting and reduced appetite; all behaviors more typical of individuals without blood sugar control problems. Exenatide is self-regulating in that in lowers blood sugar when levels are elevated but does not continue to lower blood sugar when levels return to normal, unlike with sulfonylureas or insulins.

Mechanism of action

Exenatide is a functional analog of the human incretin Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1). Incretins enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion and exhibit other antihyperglycemic actions following their release into the circulation from the gut. The GLP-1 system increases insulin secretion only in the presence of elevated plasma glucose levels, avoiding inappropriately high insulin levels during fasting. The drug also moderates peak serum glucagon levels during hyperglycemic periods following meals, but does not interfere with glucagon release in response to hypoglycemia. Secondary effects of drug administration reduces the rate of gastric emptying and decreases food intake, mitigating the potential severity of hyperglycemic events after meals.

Target	Actions	Organism
AGlucagon-like peptide 1 receptor	agonist	Human

Absorption

Following subcutaneous administration to patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide reaches median peak plasma concentrations in 2.1 hours.

Volume of distribution

28.3 L

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Not Available

Route of elimination

Nonclinical studies have shown that exenatide is predominantly eliminated by glomerular filtration with subsequent proteolytic degradation.

Half life

Mean terminal half-life is 2.4 hours.

Clearance

Apparent cl=9.1 L/hr

Toxicity

Effects of the overdoses included severe nausea, severe vomiting, and rapidly declining blood glucose concentrations.

Affected organisms

Humans and other mammals

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

Drug	Interaction	Drug group
7,8-Dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline	7,8-Dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Experimental
Acenocoumarol	Exenatide may increase the anticoagulant activities of Acenocoumarol.	Approved, Investigational
Acetohexamide	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Acetohexamide.	Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn
Acetylsalicylic acid	Acetylsalicylic acid may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Vet Approved
Alaproclate	Alaproclate may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Experimental
Aloxiprin	Aloxiprin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Experimental
Aminosalicylic Acid	Aminosalicylic Acid may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved
Amphetamine	Amphetamine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Illicit, Investigational
Aripiprazole	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Aripiprazole.	Approved, Investigational
Arsenic trioxide	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Arsenic trioxide.	Approved, Investigational
Articaine	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Articaine.	Approved
Asenapine	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Asenapine.	Approved
Atazanavir	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Atazanavir.	Approved, Investigational
Balsalazide	Balsalazide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Bendroflumethiazide	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Bendroflumethiazide.	Approved
Benmoxin	Benmoxin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Withdrawn
Benzthiazide	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Benzthiazide.	Approved
Betamethasone	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Betamethasone.	Approved, Vet Approved
Brexpiprazole	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Brexpiprazole.	Approved, Investigational
Brofaromine	Brofaromine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Experimental
Bumetanide	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Bumetanide.	Approved
Buserelin	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Buserelin.	Approved, Investigational
Carbaspirin calcium	Carbaspirin calcium may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Experimental, Investigational
Carbutamide	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Carbutamide.	Experimental
Caroxazone	Caroxazone may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Withdrawn
Ceritinib	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Ceritinib.	Approved
Chlormadinone	The serum concentration of Chlormadinone can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Experimental
Chlorothiazide	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Chlorothiazide.	Approved, Vet Approved
Chlorpropamide	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Chlorpropamide.	Approved, Investigational
Chlorthalidone	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Chlorthalidone.	Approved
Cinoxacin	Cinoxacin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn
Ciprofloxacin	Ciprofloxacin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Citalopram	Citalopram may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved
Clorindione	Exenatide may increase the anticoagulant activities of Clorindione.	Experimental
Clozapine	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Clozapine.	Approved
Corticotropin	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Corticotropin.	Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved
Cortisone acetate	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Cortisone acetate.	Approved, Investigational
Cyclopenthiazide	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Cyclopenthiazide.	Experimental
Cyproterone acetate	The serum concentration of Cyproterone acetate can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Dabrafenib	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Dabrafenib.	Approved, Investigational
Danazol	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Danazol.	Approved
Dapoxetine	Dapoxetine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Investigational
Darunavir	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Darunavir.	Approved
Dersalazine	Dersalazine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Investigational
Desogestrel	The serum concentration of Desogestrel can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Approved
Desvenlafaxine	Desvenlafaxine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Dexamethasone	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Dexamethasone.	Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved
Diazoxide	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Diazoxide.	Approved
Dicoumarol	Exenatide may increase the anticoagulant activities of Dicoumarol.	Approved
Dienogest	The serum concentration of Dienogest can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Approved
Diethylstilbestrol	The serum concentration of Diethylstilbestrol can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Diflunisal	Diflunisal may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Diphenadione	Exenatide may increase the anticoagulant activities of Diphenadione.	Experimental
Disopyramide	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Disopyramide.	Approved
Drospirenone	The serum concentration of Drospirenone can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Approved
Duloxetine	Duloxetine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved
Enoxacin	Enoxacin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Epinephrine	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Epinephrine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Epitizide	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Epitizide.	Experimental
Escitalopram	Escitalopram may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Estradiol	The serum concentration of Estradiol can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved
Estradiol cypionate	The serum concentration of Estradiol cypionate can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved
Estradiol valerate	The serum concentration of Estradiol valerate can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved
Estrone sulfate	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Estrone sulfate.	Approved
Etacrynic acid	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Etacrynic acid.	Approved, Investigational
Ethinyl Estradiol	The serum concentration of Ethinyl Estradiol can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Approved
Ethyl biscoumacetate	Exenatide may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ethyl biscoumacetate.	Withdrawn
Ethynodiol diacetate	The serum concentration of Ethynodiol diacetate can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Approved
Etonogestrel	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Etonogestrel.	Approved, Investigational
Etoperidone	Etoperidone may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Withdrawn
Everolimus	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Everolimus.	Approved
Fleroxacin	Fleroxacin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved
Fludrocortisone	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Fludrocortisone.	Approved, Investigational
Fluindione	Exenatide may increase the anticoagulant activities of Fluindione.	Approved, Investigational
Flumequine	Flumequine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Withdrawn
Fluoxetine	Fluoxetine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Vet Approved
Fluoxymesterone	Fluoxymesterone may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Illicit
Fluvoxamine	Fluvoxamine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Fosamprenavir	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Fosamprenavir.	Approved
Furazolidone	Furazolidone may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved
Furosemide	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Furosemide.	Approved, Vet Approved
Garenoxacin	Garenoxacin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Investigational
Gatifloxacin	Gatifloxacin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Gemifloxacin	Gemifloxacin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Gestodene	The serum concentration of Gestodene can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Gestrinone	The serum concentration of Gestrinone can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Approved
Glibornuride	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Glibornuride.	Investigational, Withdrawn
Gliclazide	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Gliclazide.	Approved
Glimepiride	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Glimepiride.	Approved
Glipizide	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Glipizide.	Approved, Investigational
Gliquidone	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Gliquidone.	Approved, Investigational
Glisoxepide	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Glisoxepide.	Investigational
GLPG-0492	GLPG-0492 may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Investigational
Glyburide	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Glyburide.	Approved
Goserelin	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Goserelin.	Approved
Grepafloxacin	Grepafloxacin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn
Guacetisal	Guacetisal may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Experimental
Harmaline	Harmaline may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Experimental
Hemoglobin crosfumaril	Hemoglobin crosfumaril may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Experimental
Histrelin	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Histrelin.	Approved
Hydracarbazine	Hydracarbazine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Experimental
Hydrochlorothiazide	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Hydrochlorothiazide.	Approved, Vet Approved
Hydrocortisone	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Hydrocortisone.	Approved, Vet Approved
Hydroflumethiazide	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Hydroflumethiazide.	Approved, Investigational
Hydroxyprogesterone caproate	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Hydroxyprogesterone caproate.	Approved, Investigational
Iloperidone	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Iloperidone.	Approved
Indalpine	Indalpine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Investigational, Withdrawn
Indapamide	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Indapamide.	Approved
Indinavir	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Indinavir.	Approved
Insulin Aspart	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Insulin Aspart.	Approved
Insulin Detemir	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Insulin Detemir.	Approved
Insulin Glargine	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Insulin Glargine.	Approved
Insulin Glulisine	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Insulin Glulisine.	Approved
Insulin Human	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Insulin Human.	Approved, Investigational
Insulin Lispro	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Insulin Lispro.	Approved
Insulin Pork	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Insulin Pork.	Approved
Iproclozide	Iproclozide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Withdrawn
Iproniazid	Iproniazid may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Withdrawn
Isocarboxazid	Isocarboxazid may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved
Lanreotide	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Lanreotide.	Approved
Leuprolide	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Leuprolide.	Approved, Investigational
Levofloxacin	Levofloxacin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Levomilnacipran	Levomilnacipran may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Levonorgestrel	The serum concentration of Levonorgestrel can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Lipoic Acid	Lipoic Acid may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical
Lomefloxacin	Lomefloxacin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Lopinavir	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Lopinavir.	Approved
Lurasidone	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Lurasidone.	Approved, Investigational
Lynestrenol	The serum concentration of Lynestrenol can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Mebanazine	Mebanazine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Withdrawn
Mecasermin	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Mecasermin.	Approved, Investigational
Medrogestone	The serum concentration of Exenatide can be decreased when it is combined with Medrogestone.	Approved
Medroxyprogesterone acetate	The serum concentration of Medroxyprogesterone acetate can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Megestrol acetate	The serum concentration of Megestrol acetate can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved
Mesalazine	Mesalazine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved
Mesterolone	Mesterolone may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Experimental
Mestranol	The serum concentration of Mestranol can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Approved
Metahexamide	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Metahexamide.	Experimental
Methotrimeprazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Methotrimeprazine.	Approved, Investigational
Methyclothiazide	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Methyclothiazide.	Approved
Methyl salicylate	Methyl salicylate may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Vet Approved
Methylene blue	Methylene blue may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Methylprednisolone	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Methylprednisolone.	Approved, Vet Approved
Methyltestosterone	Methyltestosterone may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved
Metolazone	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Metolazone.	Approved
Mifepristone	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Mifepristone.	Approved, Investigational
Milnacipran	Milnacipran may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Minaprine	Minaprine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved
Moclobemide	Moclobemide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Moxifloxacin	Moxifloxacin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Nalidixic Acid	Nalidixic Acid may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Nandrolone	Nandrolone may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Experimental, Investigational
Nandrolone decanoate	Nandrolone decanoate may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Illicit
Nateglinide	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Nateglinide.	Approved, Investigational
Nefazodone	Nefazodone may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Withdrawn
Nelfinavir	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Nelfinavir.	Approved
Nemonoxacin	Nemonoxacin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Investigational
Niacin	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Niacin.	Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical
Nialamide	Nialamide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Withdrawn
Nilotinib	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Nilotinib.	Approved, Investigational
Nitroaspirin	Nitroaspirin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Investigational
Nomegestrol acetate	The serum concentration of Nomegestrol acetate can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Norethisterone	The serum concentration of Norethisterone can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Approved
Norethynodrel	The serum concentration of Norethynodrel can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Approved
Norfloxacin	Norfloxacin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved
Norgestimate	The serum concentration of Norgestimate can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Norgestrel	The serum concentration of Norgestrel can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Approved
Norgestrienone	The serum concentration of Norgestrienone can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Experimental
Octamoxin	Octamoxin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Withdrawn
Octreotide	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Octreotide.	Approved, Investigational
Ofloxacin	Ofloxacin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved
Olanzapine	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Olanzapine.	Approved, Investigational
Olsalazine	Olsalazine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved
Oxandrolone	Oxandrolone may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Oxolinic acid	Oxolinic acid may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Experimental
Oxymetholone	Oxymetholone may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Illicit
Paliperidone	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Paliperidone.	Approved
Pargyline	Pargyline may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved
Paroxetine	Paroxetine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Pasireotide	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Pasireotide.	Approved
Pazufloxacin	Pazufloxacin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Investigational
Pefloxacin	Pefloxacin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved
Pegvisomant	Pegvisomant may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved
Pentamidine	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Pentamidine.	Approved, Investigational
Phenelzine	Phenelzine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved
Phenindione	Exenatide may increase the anticoagulant activities of Phenindione.	Approved, Investigational
Pheniprazine	Pheniprazine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Withdrawn
Phenoxypropazine	Phenoxypropazine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Withdrawn
Phenprocoumon	Exenatide may increase the anticoagulant activities of Phenprocoumon.	Approved, Investigational
Phenyl aminosalicylate	Phenyl aminosalicylate may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved
Pipemidic acid	Pipemidic acid may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Experimental
Piperazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Piperazine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Pipotiazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Pipotiazine.	Approved, Investigational
Pirlindole	Pirlindole may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved
Piromidic acid	Piromidic acid may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Experimental
Pivhydrazine	Pivhydrazine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Withdrawn
Polythiazide	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Polythiazide.	Approved
Prednisolone	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Prednisolone.	Approved, Vet Approved
Prednisone	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Prednisone.	Approved, Vet Approved
Pregabalin	The risk or severity of heart failure can be increased when Pregabalin is combined with Exenatide.	Approved, Illicit, Investigational
Procaine	Procaine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved
Procarbazine	Procarbazine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Progesterone	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Progesterone.	Approved, Vet Approved
Prulifloxacin	Prulifloxacin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Investigational
Quetiapine	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Quetiapine.	Approved
Quinethazone	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Quinethazone.	Approved
Quingestanol	The serum concentration of Quingestanol can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Experimental
Quinine	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Quinine.	Approved
Rasagiline	Rasagiline may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved
Repaglinide	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Repaglinide.	Approved, Investigational
Risperidone	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Risperidone.	Approved, Investigational
Ritonavir	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Ritonavir.	Approved, Investigational
Rosoxacin	Rosoxacin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Rufloxacin	Rufloxacin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Experimental
Safrazine	Safrazine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Withdrawn
Salicylic acid	Salicylic acid may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved
Saquinavir	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Saquinavir.	Approved, Investigational
Selegiline	Selegiline may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved
Sertraline	Sertraline may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved
Sirolimus	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Sirolimus.	Approved, Investigational
Sitafloxacin	Sitafloxacin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Experimental, Investigational
Sparfloxacin	Sparfloxacin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Stanolone	Stanolone may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Illicit, Investigational
Stanozolol	Stanozolol may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Vet Approved
Sulfadiazine	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Sulfadiazine.	Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved
Sulfamethoxazole	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Sulfamethoxazole.	Approved
Sulfisoxazole	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Sulfisoxazole.	Approved, Vet Approved
Sunitinib	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Sunitinib.	Approved, Investigational
Tacrolimus	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Tacrolimus.	Approved, Investigational
Temafloxacin	Temafloxacin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Withdrawn
Temsirolimus	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Temsirolimus.	Approved
Testosterone	Testosterone may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Testosterone cypionate	Testosterone cypionate may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved
Testosterone enanthate	Testosterone enanthate may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved
Testosterone propionate	Testosterone propionate may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved, Withdrawn
Testosterone undecanoate	Testosterone undecanoate may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Tioclomarol	Exenatide may increase the anticoagulant activities of Tioclomarol.	Experimental
Tipranavir	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Tipranavir.	Approved, Investigational
Tolazamide	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Tolazamide.	Approved, Investigational
Tolbutamide	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Tolbutamide.	Approved, Investigational
Toloxatone	Toloxatone may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved
Torasemide	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Torasemide.	Approved
Tranylcypromine	Tranylcypromine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational
Triamcinolone	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Triamcinolone.	Approved, Vet Approved
Trichlormethiazide	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Trichlormethiazide.	Approved, Vet Approved
Triptorelin	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Triptorelin.	Approved, Vet Approved
Trolamine salicylate	Trolamine salicylate may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved
Trovafloxacin	Trovafloxacin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn
Ubidecarenone	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Ubidecarenone.	Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical
Ulipristal	The serum concentration of Ulipristal can be decreased when it is combined with Exenatide.	Approved
Venlafaxine	Venlafaxine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Approved
Vorinostat	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Vorinostat.	Approved, Investigational
Warfarin	Exenatide may increase the anticoagulant activities of Warfarin.	Approved
Zimelidine	Zimelidine may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide.	Withdrawn
Ziprasidone	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Ziprasidone.	Approved

Food Interactions

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Matthieu Giraud, Anne-Sophie Droz, Stephane Varray, El Djouhar Rekai, Marie-Helene Brichard, Daniel Latassa, Christine Devijver, Pascal Gilles, Jeanne-Marie Cauvin, Fernando Albericio, Marta Paradis Bas, "PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF EXENATIDE AND OF AN EXENATIDE ANALOGUE." U.S. Patent US20110046349, issued February 24, 2011.

US20110046349

General References

Heine RJ, Van Gaal LF, Johns D, Mihm MJ, Widel MH, Brodows RG: Exenatide versus insulin glargine in patients with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Oct 18;143(8):559-69. [PubMed:16230722]

External Links

KEGG Drug: D04121
PubChem Substance: 46509017
ChEMBL: CHEMBL414357
Therapeutic Targets Database: DAP001038
PharmGKB: PA164749238
RxList: RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com: Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia: Exenatide

ATC Codes

A10BX04 — Exenatide

AHFS Codes

68:20.06 — Incretin Mimetics

FDA label

Download (683 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
0	Recruiting	Other	Alcoholism / BMI >30 kg/m2 / Cessation, Smoking	1
1	Completed	Not Available	Healthy Volunteers	1
1	Completed	Not Available	Insulin Resistance / Pre Diabetes	1
1	Completed	Basic Science	BMI >30 kg/m2	1
1	Completed	Basic Science	Healthy Volunteers	1
1	Completed	Diagnostic	The Methodology Assessment of Glucose Dependent Insulin Secretion	1
1	Completed	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus Type 1	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Healthy Adult Male and Female Volunteers	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	8
1	Completed	Treatment	Type2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
1	Recruiting	Other	Dependence, Cocaine	1
1	Recruiting	Treatment	Parkinson's Disease (PD)	1
1, 2	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Hypothalamic Obesity	1
1, 2	Completed	Treatment	Euglycemia / Hyperglycemias / Hypoglycemia	1
1, 2	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Autoimmune Diseases / Diabetes Mellitus (DM) / Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 / Hypoglycemia	1
1, 2	Recruiting	Treatment	Cessation, Smoking	1
1, 2	Terminated	Treatment	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
1, 2	Withdrawn	Treatment	Glucose Homeostasis / Health-Related Quality of Life / Inflammatory Reaction / Organ Dysfunction / Shock, Septic	1
2	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2	1
2	Completed	Treatment	BMI >27 kg/m2 / BMI >30 kg/m2 / Postsurgical craniopharyngioma	1
2	Completed	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2	3
2	Completed	Treatment	Diabetes Mellitus (DM)	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Obesity, Morbid	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Parkinson's Disease (PD)	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Polycystic Ovaries Syndrome	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Strokes	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	8
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS)	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Addiction, Alcohol / Alcohol Dependence, in Remission	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus Type 1	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Myocardial Infarction	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Obesity, Severe	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Stroke, Ischemic	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Type I Diabetes	1
2	Terminated	Treatment	Alzheimer's Disease (AD) / Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)	1
2	Terminated	Treatment	Diabetes Complications / Fatty Liver	1
2	Terminated	Treatment	Diabetes Mellitus (DM)	1
2	Unknown Status	Treatment	Parkinson's Disease (PD)	1
2, 3	Completed	Not Available	(NAFLD) / Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	1
2, 3	Completed	Basic Science	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
2, 3	Completed	Treatment	Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 / Hypoglycemia	1
2, 3	Completed	Treatment	Stress Hyperglycaemia	1
2, 3	Completed	Treatment	Minor burns	1
2, 3	Enrolling by Invitation	Treatment	Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus Type 1	1
2, 3	Recruiting	Treatment	Quality of Life	1
2, 3	Recruiting	Treatment	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
2, 3	Unknown Status	Treatment	Obesity, Morbid	1
3	Completed	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2 / Diabetes Mellitus (DM)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2 / Drug-induced Obesity / Metabolic Syndromes / Schizophrenic Disorders	1
3	Completed	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2 / Obese experiencing rapid weight loss	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Coronary Artery Disease / Decreased Left Ventricular Function	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Diabetes Mellitus (DM)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Diabetes Mellitus (DM) / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	4
3	Completed	Treatment	Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent	2
3	Completed	Treatment	Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus Type 1	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	32
3	Recruiting	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2 / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
3	Recruiting	Treatment	Children and Adolescent With Type 2 Diabetes	1
3	Recruiting	Treatment	Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) / Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
3	Recruiting	Treatment	Cognitive Deficits / Dysglycaemia	1
3	Recruiting	Treatment	Hypothalamic Obesity	1
3	Recruiting	Treatment	Hypothalamic Obesity / Postsurgical craniopharyngioma	1
3	Recruiting	Treatment	ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction	1
3	Recruiting	Treatment	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	3
3	Unknown Status	Treatment	Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus Type 1	1
3	Unknown Status	Treatment	Patients With a First Acute Myocardial Infarction to be Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)	1
4	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2	1
4	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	2
4	Completed	Basic Science	Diabetes Mellitus (DM) / Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT)	1
4	Completed	Basic Science	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
4	Completed	Diagnostic	Healthy Volunteers	1
4	Completed	Health Services Research	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) / Hyperglycemias / Myocardial Infarction	1
4	Completed	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2	2
4	Completed	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2 / Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Diabetes Mellitus (DM) / Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus Type 1	3
4	Completed	Treatment	Healthy Volunteers	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Healthy Volunteers / Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Myocardial Infarction	2
4	Completed	Treatment	Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	17
4	Completed	Treatment	Weight gain therapy	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Prevention	Diabetic Nephropathies	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2 / Insulin Resistance / Pre Diabetes / Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI)	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Coronary Endothelial Function	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Evaluate Ketogenic Stress	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) / Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Kidney Diseases / Type2 Diabetes	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
4	Recruiting	Basic Science	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Atherosclerosis / Diabetes Mellitus (DM) / Restenosis	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2 / Pre-Diabetic	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2 / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Brain Injury	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus Type 1	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Disorder of Glucose Regulation / Overweight and Obesity / Polycystic Ovaries Syndrome	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Schizoaffective Disorders / Schizophrenic Disorders	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Steatosis, Liver / Type2 Diabetes	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	5
4	Terminated	Treatment	Heart Failure, Diastolic / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
4	Terminated	Treatment	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	3
4	Withdrawn	Not Available	Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)	1
4	Withdrawn	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2 / Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) / Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) / Insulin Resistance	1
4	Withdrawn	Treatment	Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS)	1
4	Withdrawn	Treatment	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	BMI >30 kg/m2 / Diabetes Mellitus (DM) / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Diabetic Nephropathies / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Healthy Subjects (Treated With no Diabetes Therapies) / Type 2 Diabetes (Treated With Exenatide or Other Oral Antidiabetic Therapies)	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	8
Not Available	Completed	Basic Science	Diabetes Mellitus (DM)	1
Not Available	Completed	Basic Science	Hyperlipidemias	1
Not Available	Completed	Basic Science	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
Not Available	Completed	Diagnostic	BMI >30 kg/m2 / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Cardiac Arrest / Comatose	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Glucocorticoid-induced Beta-cell Dysfunction / Glucocorticoid-induced Glucometabolic Abnormalities	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Newly Diagnosed / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Prader-Willi Syndrome	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Pre-Diabetic / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB) / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	2
Not Available	Recruiting	Not Available	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Prevention	Incretinomimetics / Pancreas / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Treatment	Aortic Valve Disorder / Brain Injury / Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) / Renal Failure / Shock, Cardiogenic / Strokes	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Treatment	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Treatment	Diabetes Mellitus (DM) / Hypothalamic Obesity	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Treatment	Diabetes Mellitus Associated With Genetic Syndrome / Wolfram Syndrome	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Treatment	Heart Failure, Unspecified / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Treatment	Prader-Willi Syndrome	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Amylin Pharmaceuticals
Baxter International Inc.
CP Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Eli Lilly & Co.
Physicians Total Care Inc.

Dosage forms

Form	Route	Strength
Injection, powder, for suspension, extended release	Subcutaneous	2 mg
Injection, powder, for suspension, extended release; kit	Subcutaneous	2 mg
Injection, suspension, extended release	Subcutaneous	2 mg/.65mL
Kit
Injection, suspension, extended release	Subcutaneous	2 mg/.85mL
Injection	Subcutaneous	250 ug/mL
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous	10 micrograms
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous	5 micrograms
Solution	Subcutaneous	250 mcg

Prices

Unit description	Cost	Unit
Byetta 10 MCG Pen 10 mcg/0.04ml Solution 2.4ml Pen	324.23USD	pen
Byetta 5 mcg dose pen inj	316.76USD	ml
Byetta 5 MCG Pen 5 mcg/0.02ml Solution 1.2ml Pen	276.57USD	pen

DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.

Patents

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Approved	Expires (estimated)
US8216180	No	2008-01-12	2028-01-12
US8439864	No	2008-03-25	2028-03-25
US6667061	Yes	2000-11-25	2020-11-25
US6495164	No	2000-05-25	2020-05-25
US5424286	No	1996-12-01	2016-12-01
US6858576	No	1997-01-06	2017-01-06
US6872700	No	2000-01-14	2020-01-14
US6956026	No	1998-01-07	2018-01-07
US7741269	No	1998-01-07	2018-01-07
US7297761	No	1997-10-15	2017-10-15
US7521423	No	1997-10-15	2017-10-15
US6902744	No	2000-01-14	2020-01-14
US9238076	No	2004-04-15	2024-04-15
US8906851	No	2006-08-18	2026-08-18
US7612176	No	2005-04-13	2025-04-13
US8431685	No	2005-04-13	2025-04-13
US8461105	No	2005-04-13	2025-04-13
US8329648	No	2006-08-18	2026-08-18
US7456254	No	2005-06-30	2025-06-30
US7563871	No	2004-04-15	2024-04-15
US6824822	No	2002-10-09	2022-10-09
US6479065	No	2000-08-10	2020-08-10
US7223440	No	2001-08-31	2021-08-31
US8685934	No	2010-05-26	2030-05-26
US8501698	No	2007-06-20	2027-06-20
US6414126	No	2000-10-04	2020-10-04
US6515117	No	2000-10-04	2020-10-04
US6936590	No	2000-10-04	2020-10-04
US9198925	No	2000-10-04	2020-10-04
US7919598	No	2009-12-16	2029-12-16
US8361972	No	2008-03-21	2028-03-21
US8716251	No	2008-03-21	2028-03-21
US7851502	No	2008-08-19	2028-08-19
US8221786	No	2008-03-21	2028-03-21
US9320853	No	2008-03-25	2028-03-25
US8827963	No	2009-02-04	2029-02-04
US8712615	No	2010-01-18	2030-01-18
US8998876	No	2010-01-07	2030-01-07
US8758292	No	2007-11-12	2027-11-12
US8690837	No	2009-05-19	2029-05-19
US8895033	No	2010-10-04	2030-10-04
US8721615	No	2010-01-18	2030-01-18
US9884092	No	2006-08-18	2026-08-18

Properties

State: Solid
Experimental Properties: Not Available

Taxonomy

Description: Not Available
Kingdom: Organic Compounds
Super Class: Organic Acids
Class: Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Sub Class: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
Direct Parent: Peptides
Alternative Parents: Not Available
Substituents: Not Available
Molecular Framework: Not Available
External Descriptors: Not Available

Targets

Details1. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Agonist

General Function: Transmembrane signaling receptor activity
Specific Function: This is a receptor for glucagon-like peptide 1. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name: GLP1R
Uniprot ID: P43220
Uniprot Name: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor
Molecular Weight: 53025.22 Da

References

Briones M, Bajaj M: Exenatide: a GLP-1 receptor agonist as novel therapy for Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2006 Jun;7(8):1055-64. [PubMed:16722815]
Hargrove DM, Kendall ES, Reynolds JM, Lwin AN, Herich JP, Smith PA, Gedulin BR, Flanagan SD, Jodka CM, Hoyt JA, McCowen KM, Parkes DG, Anderson CM: Biological activity of AC3174, a peptide analog of exendin-4. Regul Pept. 2007 Jun 7;141(1-3):113-9. Epub 2007 Jan 11. [PubMed:17292977]
Wajchenberg BL: beta-cell failure in diabetes and preservation by clinical treatment. Endocr Rev. 2007 Apr;28(2):187-218. Epub 2007 Mar 12. [PubMed:17353295]
Mack CM, Moore CX, Jodka CM, Bhavsar S, Wilson JK, Hoyt JA, Roan JL, Vu C, Laugero KD, Parkes DG, Young AA: Antiobesity action of peripheral exenatide (exendin-4) in rodents: effects on food intake, body weight, metabolic status and side-effect measures. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006 Sep;30(9):1332-40. Epub 2006 Mar 14. [PubMed:16534527]
Geelhoed-Duijvestijn PH: Incretins: a new treatment option for type 2 diabetes? Neth J Med. 2007 Feb;65(2):60-4. [PubMed:17379930]
Mann RJ, Nasr NE, Sinfield JK, Paci E, Donnelly D: The major determinant of exendin-4/glucagon-like peptide 1 differential affinity at the rat glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor N-terminal domain is a hydrogen bond from SER-32 of exendin-4. Br J Pharmacol. 2010 Aug;160(8):1973-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00834.x. [PubMed:20649595]
Degn KB, Brock B, Juhl CB, Djurhuus CB, Grubert J, Kim D, Han J, Taylor K, Fineman M, Schmitz O: Effect of intravenous infusion of exenatide (synthetic exendin-4) on glucose-dependent insulin secretion and counterregulation during hypoglycemia. Diabetes. 2004 Sep;53(9):2397-403. [PubMed:15331551]
Diamant M, Bunck MC, Heine RJ: [Analogs of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1): an old concept as a new treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2004 Sep 25;148(39):1912-7. [PubMed:15495988]
Kolterman OG, Kim DD, Shen L, Ruggles JA, Nielsen LL, Fineman MS, Baron AD: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of exenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2005 Jan 15;62(2):173-81. [PubMed:15700891]
Barnett AH: Exenatide. Drugs Today (Barc). 2005 Sep;41(9):563-78. [PubMed:16341288]
Lebovitz HE: Therapeutic options in development for management of diabetes: pharmacologic agents and new technologies. Endocr Pract. 2006 Jan-Feb;12 Suppl 1:142-7. [PubMed:16627399]
Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352]

Carriers

Details1. Serum albumin

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Toxic substance binding
Specific Function: Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
Gene Name: ALB
Uniprot ID: P02768
Uniprot Name: Serum albumin
Molecular Weight: 69365.94 Da

References

Chae SY, Jin CH, Shin JH, Son S, Kim TH, Lee S, Youn YS, Byun Y, Lee MS, Lee KC: Biochemical, pharmaceutical and therapeutic properties of long-acting lithocholic acid derivatized exendin-4 analogs. J Control Release. 2010 Mar 3;142(2):206-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.10.025. Epub 2009 Nov 10. [PubMed:19900495]

Drug created on May 16, 2007 14:43 / Updated on June 20, 2018 23:59