Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse)
Identification
- Name
- Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse)
- Accession Number
- DB09312
- Type
- Biotech
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Biologic Classification
- Protein Based Therapies
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) - Description
Equine anti-thymocyte globulin is composed of purified gamma globulin containing primarily IgG against human thymus lymphocytes. It is formed by inoculating a horse with an antigen (human thymoyctes) which then induces the horse immune system's B-lymphocytes to produce IgG immunoglobulins specific for that antigen. The result is polyclonal IgG that is then purified from the horse's serum to produce a usable drug product that can be used for immunosuppression. Although the exact mechanism of action is unknown, equine anti-thymocyte globulin targets a variety of immune system proteins including lymphocyte surface proteins, granulocytes, platelets, bone marrow cells, and other cell types. Equine ATG is currently indicated for the suppression of the immune system to prevent renal transplant rejection and in the treatment of aplastic anemia. Induction of T cell apoptosis and resulting T-cell lymphopenia found in vivo is credited for its therapeutic effect in these conditions.
There are currently various ATG products available, which differ in the source of inoculated animal (rabbit, horse, or pig) and in the type of antigen product used to produce immunoglobulin (thymocytes, peripheral T cells, etc.).
- Protein chemical formula
- Not Available
- Protein average weight
- Not Available
- Sequences
- Not Available
- Synonyms
- Anti-thymocyte Globulin (Equine)
- Anti-thymocyte globulin equine
- eATG
- equine ATG
- Equine thymocyte immune globulin
- hATG
- Horse anti-thymocyte globulin
- Horse ATG
- Lymphocyte immune globulin anti-thymocyte globulin (equine)
- Lymphocyte immune globulin, anti-thymocyte globulin
- Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Unlock Additional DataAtgam Solution 50 mg Intravenous Pfizer 1998-12-04 Not applicable Canada 
Atgam Injection, solution 50 mg/1mL Intravenous Pharmacia and Upjohn Company LLC 1981-11-17 Not applicable US 
Atgam Sterile Solution IV 50mg/ml Liquid 50 mg Intravenous Pharmacia & Upjohn Inc 1985-12-31 1999-08-12 Canada Additional Data Available- Application NumberApplication Number
A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.
Learn more - Product CodeProduct Code
A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.
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- Categories
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
- Antibodies
- Antibody-Surface Protein Interactions
- Antineoplastic and Immunomodulating Agents
- Biological Products
- Blood
- Blood Proteins
- Body Fluids
- Complex Mixtures
- Fluids and Secretions
- Globulins
- Hemic and Immune Systems
- Immune Sera
- Immunoglobulin G
- Immunoglobulins
- Immunologic Factors
- Immunoproteins
- Immunosuppressive Agents
- Increased T Lymphocyte Destruction
- Lymphocyte Function Alteration
- Miscellaneous Therapeutic Agents
- Proteins
- Selective Immunosuppressants
- Serum
- Serum Globulins
- UNII
- 475247QF1Z
- CAS number
- Not Available
Pharmacology
- Indication
For prevention of renal transplant rejection and for the treatment of aplastic anemia.
- Associated Conditions
- Pharmacodynamics
- Not Available
- Mechanism of action
- Not Available
- Absorption
- Not Available
- Volume of distribution
During infusion of 10 to 15 mg/kg/day, the mean peak value (n = 27 renal transplant patients) was found to be 727 ± 310 μg/mL.
- Protein binding
- Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
- Not Available
- Half life
The half-life of equine immunoglobulin after ATGAM infusion was found to be 5.7 ± 3.0 days in one group of recipients. The range for half-life was 1.5 to 13 days.
- Clearance
- Not Available
- Toxicity
The most commonly reported adverse reactions (occurring in greater than 10% of patients) are pyrexia, chills, rash, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and arthralgia.
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Comprehensive structured data on known drug adverse effects with statistical prevalence. MedDRA and ICD10 ids are provided for adverse effect conditions and symptoms.
Learn moreStructured data covering drug contraindications. Each contraindication describes a scenario in which the drug is not to be used. Includes restrictions on co-administration, contraindicated populations, and more.
Learn moreStructured data representing warnings from the black box section of drug labels. These warnings cover important and dangerous risks, contraindications, or adverse effects.
Learn moreInteractions
- Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction Unlock Additional DataAbciximab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Abciximab is combined with Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse). Abituzumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse) is combined with Abituzumab. Adecatumumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Adecatumumab is combined with Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse). Adenovirus type 7 vaccine live The risk or severity of infection can be increased when Adenovirus type 7 vaccine live is combined with Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse). Adenovirus type 7 vaccine live The therapeutic efficacy of Adenovirus type 7 vaccine live can be decreased when used in combination with Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse). Aducanumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse) is combined with Aducanumab. Alirocumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alirocumab is combined with Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse). Amatuximab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse) is combined with Amatuximab. AMG 108 The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when AMG 108 is combined with Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse). Anifrolumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse) is combined with Anifrolumab. Additional Data Available- Extended DescriptionExtended Description
Extended description of the mechanism of action and particular properties of each drug interaction.
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- Evidence Level
- ActionEvidence Level
An effect category for each drug interaction. Know how this interaction affects the subject drug.
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- Food Interactions
- Not Available
References
- General References
- Feng X, Scheinberg P, Biancotto A, Rios O, Donaldson S, Wu C, Zheng H, Sato K, Townsley DM, McCoy JP, Young NS: In vivo effects of horse and rabbit antithymocyte globulin in patients with severe aplastic anemia. Haematologica. 2014 Sep;99(9):1433-40. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2014.106542. Epub 2014 Jun 6. [PubMed:24907357]
- Vallejo C, Montesinos P, Polo M, Cuevas B, Morado M, Rosell A, Xicoy B, Diez JL, Salamero O, Cedillo A, Martinez P, Rayon C: Rabbit antithymocyte globulin versus horse antithymocyte globulin for treatment of acquired aplastic anemia: a retrospective analysis. Ann Hematol. 2015 Jun;94(6):947-54. doi: 10.1007/s00277-015-2305-3. Epub 2015 Feb 13. [PubMed:25672649]
- Hagen P, Wagner JE, DeFor TE, Dolan M, Arora M, Warlick E, Weisdorf D, Brunstein CG: The effect of equine antithymocyte globulin on the outcomes of reduced intensity conditioning for AML. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2014 Dec;49(12):1498-504. doi: 10.1038/bmt.2014.183. Epub 2014 Sep 22. [PubMed:25243623]
- Dubey S, Nityanand S: Involvement of Fas and TNF pathways in the induction of apoptosis of T cells by antithymocyte globulin. Ann Hematol. 2003 Aug;82(8):496-9. Epub 2003 May 29. [PubMed:12783210]
- External Links
- KEGG Drug
- D08808
- PubChem Substance
- 347910436
- Wikipedia
- Anti-thymocyte_globulin
- ATC Codes
- L04AA03 — Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse)
- AHFS Codes
- 92:00.00 — Miscellaneous Therapeutic Agents
- FDA label
- Download (4.88 MB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage forms
Form Route Strength Injection, solution Intravenous 50 mg/1mL Solution Intravenous 50 mg Liquid Intravenous 50 mg - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
Taxonomy
- Description
- Not Available
- Kingdom
- Organic Compounds
- Super Class
- Organic Acids
- Class
- Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
- Sub Class
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
- Direct Parent
- Peptides
- Alternative Parents
- Not Available
- Substituents
- Not Available
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
Drug created on November 16, 2015 15:18 / Updated on May 21, 2019 12:25