Showing drug card for Hyaluronidase (DB00070)

• BIOD00022
• BTD00022

• Approved
• Biotech
• Investigational

1. Hyal-1
2. Hyaluronidase 1 precursor
3. Hyaluronidase PH-20
4. Sperm adhesion molecule 1
5. Sperm surface protein PH-20
6. hyaluronidase

1. Vitragan
2. Vitrase
3. Vitrase (Ista Pharma)

LNFRAPPVIPNVPFLWAWNAPSEFCLGKFDEPLDMSLFSFIGSPRINATGQGVTIFYVDR
LGYYPYIDSITGVTVNGGIPQKISLQDHLDKAKKDITFYMPVDNLGMAVIDWEEWRPTWA
RNWKPKDVYKNRSIELVQQQNVQLSLTEATEKAKQEFEKAGKDFLVETIKLGKLLRPNHL
WGYYLFPDCYNHHYKKPGYNGSCFNVEIKRNDDLSWLWNESTALYPSIYLNTQQSPVAAT
LYVRNRVREAIRVSKIPDAKSPLPVFAYTRIVFTDQVLKFLSQDELVYTFGETVALGASG
IVIWGTLSIMRSMKSCLLLDNYMETILNPYIINVTLAAKMCSQVLCQEQGVCIRKNWNSS
DYLHLNPDNFAIQLEKGGKFTVRGKPTLEDLEQFSEKFYCSCYSTLSCKEKADVKDTDAV
DVCIADGVCIDAFLKPPMETEEPQIFYNASPSTLSATMFIVSILFLIISSVASL

• Show PDF (issued on 2004-05-01)
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• Anesthetic Adjuvants
• Permeabilizing Agents

• B06AA03

1. Drugs.com
2. Wikipedia
3. RxList

• Humans and other mammals

1. Serum albumin
2. N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase
3. Hyaluronidase PH-20
4. Transforming growth factor beta-1
5. Hyaluronidase-2
6. Hyaluronidase-1
7. CD44 antigen

1. Serum albumin precursor

MKWVTFISLLFLFSSAYSRGVFRRDAHKSEVAHRFKDLGEENFKALVLIAFAQYLQQCPF
EDHVKLVNEVTEFAKTCVADESAENCDKSLHTLFGDKLCTVATLRETYGEMADCCAKQEP
ERNECFLQHKDDNPNLPRLVRPEVDVMCTAFHDNEETFLKKYLYEIARRHPYFYAPELLF
FAKRYKAAFTECCQAADKAACLLPKLDELRDEGKASSAKQRLKCASLQKFGERAFKAWAV
ARLSQRFPKAEFAEVSKLVTDLTKVHTECCHGDLLECADDRADLAKYICENQDSISSKLK
ECCEKPLLEKSHCIAEVENDEMPADLPSLAADFVESKDVCKNYAEAKDVFLGMFLYEYAR
RHPDYSVVLLLRLAKTYETTLEKCCAAADPHECYAKVFDEFKPLVEEPQNLIKQNCELFE
QLGEYKFQNALLVRYTKKVPQVSTPTLVEVSRNLGKVGSKCCKHPEAKRMPCAEDYLSVV
LNQLCVLHEKTPVSDRVTKCCTESLVNRRPCFSALEVDETYVPKEFNAETFTFHADICTL
SEKERQIKKQTALVELVKHKPKATKEQLKAVMDDFAAFVEKCCKADDKETCFAEEGKKLV
AASQAALGL

• Serum_albumin (PF00273 )

• 1-18

• None

• Secreted protein

ATGAAGTGGGTAACCTTTATTTCCCTTCTTTTTCTCTTTAGCTCGGCTTATTCCAGGGGT
GTGTTTCGTCGAGATGCACACAAGAGTGAGGTTGCTCATCGGTTTAAAGATTTGGGAGAA
GAAAATTTCAAAGCCTTGGTGTTGATTGCCTTTGCTCAGTATCTTCAGCAGTGTCCATTT
GAAGATCATGTAAAATTAGTGAATGAAGTAACTGAATTTGCAAAAACATGTGTTGCTGAT
GAGTCAGCTGAAAATTGTGACAAATCACTTCATACCCTTTTTGGAGACAAATTATGCACA
GTTGCAACTCTTCGTGAAACCTATGGTGAAATGGCTGACTGCTGTGCAAAACAAGAACCT
GGGAGAAATGAATGCTTCTTGCAACACAAAGATGACAACCCAAACCTCCCCCGATTGGTG
AGACCAGAGGTTGATGTGATGTGCACTGCTTTTCATGACAATGAAGAGACATTTTTGAAA
AAATACTTATATGAAATTGCCAGAAGACATCCTTACTTTTATGCCCCGGAACTCCTTTTC
TTTGCTAAAAGGTATAAAGCTGCTTTTACAGAATGTTGCCAAGCTGCTGATAAAGCTGCC
TGCCTGTTGCCAAAGCTCGATGAACTTCGGGATGAAGGGAAGGCTTCGTCTGCCAAACAG
AGACTCAAGTGTGCCAGTCTCCAAAAATTTGGAGAAAGAGCTTTCAAAGCATGGGCAGTA
GCTCGCCTGAGCCAGAGATTTCCCAAAGCTGAGTTTGCAGAAGTTTCCAAGTTAGTGACA
GATCTTACCAAAGTCCACACGGAATGCTGCCATGGAGATCTGCTTGAATGTGCTGATGAC
AGGGCGGACCTTGCCAAGTATATCTGTGAAAATCAAGATTCGATCTCCAGTAAACTGAAG
GAATGCTGTGAAAAACCTCTGTTGGAAAAATCCCACTGCATTGCCGAAGTGGAAAATGAT
GAGATGCCTGCTGACTTGCCTTCATTAGCTGCTGATTTTGTTGAAAGTAAGGATGTTTGC
AAAAACTATGCTGAGGCAAAGGATGTCTTCTTGGGCATGTTTTTGTATGAATATGCAAGA
AGGCATCCTGATTACTCTGTCGTGCTGCTGCTGAGACTTGCCAAGACATATGAAACCACT
CTAGAGAAGTGCTGTGCCGCTGCAGATCCTCATGAATGCTATGCCAAAGTGTTCGATGAA
TTTAAACCTCTTGTGGAAGAGCCTCAGAATTTAATCAAACAAAATTGTGAGCTTTTTGAG
CAGCTTGGAGAGTACAAATTCCAGAATGCGCTGTTAGTTCGTTACACCAAGAAAGTACCC
GAAGTGTCAACTCCAACTCTTGTAGAGGTCTCAAGAAACCTAGGAAAAGTGGGCAGCAAA
TGTTGTAAACATCCTGAAGCAAAAAGAATGCCCTGTGCAGAAGACTATCTATCCGTGGTC
CTGAACCAGTTATGTGTGTTGCATGAGAAAACGCCAGTAAGTGACAGAGTCACCAAATGC
TGCACAGAATCCTTGGTGAACAGGCGACCATGCTTTTCAGCTCTGGAAGTCGATGAAACA
TACGTTCCCAAAGAGTTTAATGCTGAAACATTCACCTTCCATGCAGATATATGCACACTT
TCTGAGAAGGAGAGACAAATCAAGAAACAAACTGCACTTGTTGAGCTCGTGAAACACAAG
CCCAAGGCAACAAAAGAGCAACTGAAAGCTGTTATGGATGATTTCGCTGCTTTTGTAGAG
AAGTGCTGCAAGGCTGACGATAAGGAGACCTGCTTTGCCGAGGAGGGTAAAAAACTTGTT
GCTGCAAGTCAAGCTGCCTTAGGCTTATAA

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11. 1518850 Carlson J, Sakamoto Y, Laurell CB, Madison J, Watkins S, Putnam FW: Alloalbuminemia in Sweden: structural study and phenotypic distribution of nine albumin variants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Sep 1;89(17):8225-9.
12. 1630489 He XM, Carter DC: Atomic structure and chemistry of human serum albumin. Nature. 1992 Jul 16;358(6383):209-15.
13. 1859851 Peach RJ, Brennan SO: Structural characterization of a glycoprotein variant of human serum albumin: albumin Casebrook (494 Asp----Asn). Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Jul 26;1097(1):49-54.
14. 1946412 Madison J, Arai K, Sakamoto Y, Feld RD, Kyle RA, Watkins S, Davis E, Matsuda Y, Amaki I, Putnam FW: Genetic variants of serum albumin in Americans and Japanese. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Nov 1;88(21):9853-7.
15. 2068071 Watkins S, Madison J, Davis E, Sakamoto Y, Galliano M, Minchiotti L, Putnam FW: A donor splice mutation and a single-base deletion produce two carboxyl-terminal variants of human serum albumin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jul 15;88(14):5959-63.
16. 2104980 Brennan SO, Myles T, Peach RJ, Donaldson D, George PM: Albumin Redhill (-1 Arg, 320 Ala----Thr): a glycoprotein variant of human serum albumin whose precursor has an aberrant signal peptidase cleavage site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jan;87(1):26-30.
17. 2247440 Galliano M, Minchiotti L, Porta F, Rossi A, Ferri G, Madison J, Watkins S, Putnam FW: Mutations in genetic variants of human serum albumin found in Italy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Nov;87(22):8721-5.
18. 2374930 Carter DC, He XM: Structure of human serum albumin. Science. 1990 Jul 20;249(4966):302-3.
19. 2404284 Arai K, Madison J, Shimizu A, Putnam FW: Point substitutions in albumin genetic variants from Asia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jan;87(1):497-501.
20. 2419329 Urano Y, Watanabe K, Sakai M, Tamaoki T: The human albumin gene. Characterization of the 5' and 3' flanking regions and the polymorphic gene transcripts. J Biol Chem. 1986 Mar 5;261(7):3244-51.
21. 2437111 Carraway RE, Mitra SP, Cochrane DE: Structure of a biologically active neurotensin-related peptide obtained from pepsin-treated albumin(s). J Biol Chem. 1987 May 5;262(13):5968-73.
22. 2727704 Carter DC, He XM, Munson SH, Twigg PD, Gernert KM, Broom MB, Miller TY: Three-dimensional structure of human serum albumin. Science. 1989 Jun 9;244(4909):1195-8.
23. 2762316 Arai K, Madison J, Huss K, Ishioka N, Satoh C, Fujita M, Neel JV, Sakurabayashi I, Putnam FW: Point substitutions in Japanese alloalbumins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Aug;86(16):6092-6.
24. 2911589 Arai K, Ishioka N, Huss K, Madison J, Putnam FW: Identical structural changes in inherited albumin variants from different populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jan;86(2):434-8.
25. 3009475 Minghetti PP, Ruffner DE, Kuang WJ, Dennison OE, Hawkins JW, Beattie WG, Dugaiczyk A: Molecular structure of the human albumin gene is revealed by nucleotide sequence within q11-22 of chromosome 4. J Biol Chem. 1986 May 25;261(15):6747-57.
26. 3087352 Mogard MH, Kobayashi R, Chen CF, Lee TD, Reeve JR Jr, Shively JE, Walsh JH: The amino acid sequence of kinetensin, a novel peptide isolated from pepsin-treated human plasma: homology with human serum albumin, neurotensin and angiotensin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1986 May 14;136(3):983-8.
27. 3474609 Takahashi N, Takahashi Y, Blumberg BS, Putnam FW: Amino acid substitutions in genetic variants of human serum albumin and in sequences inferred from molecular cloning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jul;84(13):4413-7.
28. 3479777 Takahashi N, Takahashi Y, Isobe T, Putnam FW, Fujita M, Satoh C, Neel JV: Amino acid substitutions in inherited albumin variants from Amerindian and Japanese populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Nov;84(22):8001-5.
29. 3828358 Brennan SO, Herbert P: Albumin Canterbury (313 Lys----Asn). A point mutation in the second domain of serum albumin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1987 Apr 8;912(2):191-7.
30. 6171778 Lawn RM, Adelman J, Bock SC, Franke AE, Houck CM, Najarian RC, Seeburg PH, Wion KL: The sequence of human serum albumin cDNA and its expression in E. coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Nov 25;9(22):6103-114.
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1. Maingonnat C, Victor R, Bertrand P, Courel MN, Maunoury R, Delpech B: Activation and inhibition of human cancer cell hyaluronidase by proteins. Anal Biochem. 1999 Mar 1;268(1):30-4. [PubMed ]
2. Knupfer MM, Poppenborg H, Hotfilder M, Kuhnel K, Wolff JE, Domula M: CD44 expression and hyaluronic acid binding of malignant glioma cells. Clin Exp Metastasis. 1999 Feb;17(1):71-6. [PubMed ]
3. Parameswaran S, Brown LV, Ibbott GS, Lai-Fook SJ: Effect of concentration and hyaluronidase on albumin diffusion across rabbit mesentery. Microcirculation. 1999 Jun;6(2):117-26. [PubMed ]
4. de Azeredo LA, Leite SG, Freire DM, Benchetrit LC, Coelho RR: Proteases from actinomycetes interfere in solid media plate assays of hyaluronidase activity. J Microbiol Methods. 2001 Jul;45(3):207-12. [PubMed ]
5. Li J, Lai-Fook SJ: Effect of hyaluronidase on interstitial pressure response to edema in air-inflated rabbit lung. Respir Physiol. 1992 Aug;89(2):133-46. [PubMed ]

1. Chondroitinase
2. Chondroitinsulfatase
3. EC 3.1.6.4
4. GalNAc6S sulfatase
5. Galactose-6-sulfate sulfatase
6. N- acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase
7. N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase precursor

MAAVVAATRWWQLLLVLSAAGMGASGAPQPPNILLLLMDDMGWGDLGVYGEPSRETPNLD
RMAAEGLLFPNFYSANPLCSPSRAALLTGRLPIRNGFYTTNAHARNAYTPQEIVGGIPDS
EQLLPELLKKAGYVSKIVGKWHLGHRPQFHPLKHGFDEWFGSPNCHFGPYDNKARPNIPV
YRDWEMVGRYYEEFPINLKTGEANLTQIYLQEALDFIKRQARHHPFFLYWAVDATHAPVY
ASKPFLGTSQRGRYGDAVREIDDSIGKILELLQDLHVADNTFVFFTSDNGAALISAPEQG
GSNGPFLCGKQTTFEGGMREPALAWWPGHVTAGQVSHQLGSIMDLFTTSLALAGLTPPSD
RAIDGLNLLPTLLQGRLMDRPIFYYRGDTLMAATLGQHKAHFWTWTNSWENFRQGIDFCP
GQNVSGVTTHNLEDHTKLPLIFHLGRDPGERFPLSFASAEYQEALSRITSVVQQHQEALV
PAQPQLNVCNWAVMNWAPPGCEKLGKCLTPPESIPKKCLWSH

• Hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and of the D-galactose 6-sulfate units of keratan sulfate

• Sulfatase (PF00884 )

• 1-26

• None

• Lysosome

ATGGCGGCGGTTGTCGCGGCGACGAGGTGGTGGCAGCTGTTGCTGGTGCTCAGCGCCGCG
GGGATGGGGGCCTCGGGCGCCCCGCAGCCCCCCAACATCCTGCTCCTGCTCATGGACGAC
ATGGGATGGGGTGACCTCGGGGTGTATGGAGAGCCCTCCAGAGAGACCCCGAATTTGGAC
CGGATGGCTGCAGAAGGGCTGCTTTTCCCAAACTTCTATTCTGCCAACCCTCTGTGCTCG
CCATCGAGGGCGGCACTGCTCACAGGACGGCTACCCATCCGCAATGGCTTCTACACCACC
AACGCCCATGCCAGAAACGCCTACACACCGCAGGAGATTGTGGGCGGCATCCCAGACTCG
GAGCAGCTCCTGCCGGAGCTTCTGAAGAAGGCCGGCTACGTCAGCAAGATTGTCGGCAAG
TGGCATCTGGGTCACAGGCCCCAGTTCCACCCCCTGAAGCACGGATTTGATGAGTGGTTT
GGATCCCCCAACTGCCACTTTGGACCTTATGACAACAAGGCCAGGCCCAACATCCCTGTG
TACAGGGACTGGGAGATGGTTGGCAGATATTATGAAGAATTTCCTATTAATCTGAAGACG
GGGGAAGCCAACCTCACCCAGATCTACCTGCAGGAAGCCCTGGACTTCATTAAGAGACAG
GCACGGCACCACCCCTTTTTCCTCTACTGGGCTGTCGACGCCACGCATGCACCCGTCTAT
GCCTCCAAACCCTTCTTGGGCACCAGTCAGCGAGGGCGGTATGGAGACGCCGTCCGGGAG
ATTGATGACAGCATTGGGAAGATACTGGAGCTCCTCCAAGACCTGCACGTCGCGGACAAC
ACCTTCGTCTTCTTCACGTCGGACAACGGCGCTGCCCTCATTTCCGCCCCCGAACAAGGT
GGCAGCAACGGCCCCTTTCTGTGTGGGAAGCAGACCACGTTTGAAGGAGGGATGAGGGAG
CCTGCCCTCGCATGGTGGCCAGGGCACGTCACTGCAGGCCAGGTGAGCCACCAGCTGGGC
AGCATCATGGACCTCTTCACCACCAGCCTGGCCCTTGCGGGCCTGACGCCGCCCAGCGAC
AGGGCCATTGATGGCCTCAACCTCCTCCCCACCCTCCTGCAGGGCCGGCTGATGGACAGG
CCTATCTTCTATTACCGTGGCGACACGCTGATGGCGGCCACCCTCGGGCAGCACAAGGCT
CACTTCTGGACCTGGACCAACTCCTGGGAGAACTTCAGACAGGGCATTGATTTCTGCCCT
GGGCAGAACGTTTCAGGGGTCACAACTCACAATCTGGAAGACCACACGAAGCTGCCCCTG
ATCTTCCACCTGGGACGGGACCCAGGGGAGAGGTTCCCCCTCAGCTTTGCCAGCGCCGAG
TACCAGGAGGCCCTCAGCAGGATCACCTCGGTCGTCCAGCAGCACCAGGAAGCCTTGGTC
CCCGCGCAGCCCCAGCTCAACGTGTGCAACTGGGCGGTCATGAACTGGGCACCTCCGGGC
TGTGAAAAGTTAGGGAAGTGTCTGACACCTCCAGAATCCATTCCCAAGAAGTGCCTCTGG
TCCCACTAG

1. Fukuda S, Tomatsu S, Masue M, Sukegawa K, Iwata H, Ogawa T, Nakashima Y, Hori T, Yamagishi A, Hanyu Y, et al.: Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA. N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase exonic point mutations in classical Morquio and mild cases. J Clin Invest. 1992 Sep;90(3):1049-53. [PubMed ]
2. Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Masue M, Sukegawa K, Fukao T, Yamagishi A, Hori T, Iwata H, Ogawa T, Nakashima Y, et al.: Morquio disease: isolation, characterization and expression of full-length cDNA for human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Dec 16;181(2):677-83. [PubMed ]
3. Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Cooper A, Wraith JE, Yamada N, Isogai K, Kato Z, Sukegawa K, Kondo N, Suzuki Y, et al.: Two new mutations, Q473X and N487S, in a Caucasian patient with mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (Morquio disease). Hum Mutat. 1995;6(2):195-6. [PubMed ]
4. Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Cooper A, Wraith JE, Rezvi GM, Yamagishi A, Yamada N, Kato Z, Isogai K, Sukegawa K, et al.: Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA: identification of six novel mutations among non-Japanese patients. Hum Mol Genet. 1995 Apr;4(4):741-3. [PubMed ]
5. Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Cooper A, Wraith JE, Rezvi GM, Yamagishi A, Yamada N, Kato Z, Isogai K, Sukegawa K, et al.: Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA: identification of a common missense mutation I113F in the N-Acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase gene. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Sep;57(3):556-63. [PubMed ]
6. Ogawa T, Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Yamagishi A, Rezvi GM, Sukegawa K, Kondo N, Suzuki Y, Shimozawa N, Oru T: Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA: screening and identification of mutations of the N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase gene. Hum Mol Genet. 1995 Mar;4(3):341-9. [PubMed ]
7. Morris CP, Guo XH, Apostolou S, Hopwood JJ, Scott HS: Morquio A syndrome: cloning, sequence, and structure of the human N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulfatase (GALNS) gene. Genomics. 1994 Aug;22(3):652-4. [PubMed ]
8. Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Yamagishi A, Cooper A, Wraith JF, Hori T, Kato Z, Yamada N, Isogai K, Sukegawa K, Kondo N, Suzuki Y, Shimozawa N, Orii T: Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA: four new exonic mutations in patients with N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase deficiency. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 May;58(5):950-62. [PubMed ]
9. Cole DE, Fukuda S, Gordon BA, Rip JW, LeCouteur AN, Rupar CA, Tomatsu S, Ogawa T, Sukegawa K, Orii T: Heteroallelic missense mutations of the galactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS) gene in a mild form of Morquio disease (MPS IVA). Am J Med Genet. 1996 Jun 28;63(4):558-65. [PubMed ]
10. Bunge S, Kleijer WJ, Tylki-Szymanska A, Steglich C, Beck M, Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Poorthuis BJ, Czartoryska B, Orii T, Gal A: Identification of 31 novel mutations in the N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase gene reveals excessive allelic heterogeneity among patients with Morquio A syndrome. Hum Mutat. 1997;10(3):223-32. [PubMed ]
11. 9375852 Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Cooper A, Wraith JE, Ferreira P, Di Natale P, Tortora P, Fujimoto A, Kato Z, Yamada N, Isogai K, Yamagishi A, Sukegawa K, Suzuki Y, Shimozawa N, Kondo N, Sly WS, Orii T: Fourteen novel mucopolysaccharidosis IVA producing mutations in GALNS gene. Hum Mutat. 1997;10(5):368-75.
12. 9452036 Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Cooper A, Wraith JE, Yamagishi A, Kato Z, Yamada N, Isogai K, Sukegawa K, Suzuki Y, Shimozawa N, Kondo N, Orii T: Fifteen polymorphisms in the N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS) gene: diagnostic implications in Morquio disease. Hum Mutat. 1998;Suppl 1:S42-6.
13. 9521421 Yamada N, Fukuda S, Tomatsu S, Muller V, Hopwood JJ, Nelson J, Kato Z, Yamagishi A, Sukegawa K, Kondo N, Orii T: Molecular heterogeneity in mucopolysaccharidosis IVA in Australia and Northern Ireland: nine novel mutations including T312S, a common allele that confers a mild phenotype. Hum Mutat. 1998;11(3):202-8.

1. Takagaki K, Munakata H, Majima M, Endo M: Enzymatic reconstruction of a hybrid glycosaminoglycan containing 6-sulfated, 4-sulfated, and unsulfated N-acetylgalactosamine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 May 19;258(3):741-4. [PubMed ]
2. Calabro A, Benavides M, Tammi M, Hascall VC, Midura RJ: Microanalysis of enzyme digests of hyaluronan and chondroitin/dermatan sulfate by fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE). Glycobiology. 2000 Mar;10(3):273-81. [PubMed ]
3. Hesse L: [Using enzymes in the posterior eye segment. Current status and future possibilities] Ophthalmologe. 2001 Dec;98(12):1176-80. [PubMed ]
4. Saari H, Tulamo RM, Konttinen YT, Sorsa T: Methylprednisolone acetate induced release of cartilage proteoglycans: determination by high performance liquid chromatography. Ann Rheum Dis. 1992 Feb;51(2):214-9. [PubMed ]
5. Niv Y, Byrd JC, Ho SB, Dahiya R, Kim YS: Mucin synthesis and secretion in relation to spontaneous differentiation of colon cancer cells in vitro. Int J Cancer. 1992 Jan 2;50(1):147-52. [PubMed ]

1. EC 3.2.1.35
2. Hyal-PH20
3. Hyaluronidase PH-20 precursor
4. Sperm adhesion molecule 1
5. Sperm surface protein PH-20

MGVLKFKHIFFRSFVKSSGVSQIVFTFLLIPCCLTLNFRAPPVIPNVPFLWAWNAPSEFC
LGKFDEPLDMSLFSFIGSPRINATGQGVTIFYVDRLGYYPYIDSITGVTVNGGIPQKISL
QDHLDKAKKDITFYMPVDNLGMAVIDWEEWRPTWARNWKPKDVYKNRSIELVQQQNVQLS
LTEATEKAKQEFEKAGKDFLVETIKLGKLLRPNHLWGYYLFPDCYNHHYKKPGYNGSCFN
VEIKRNDDLSWLWNESTALYPSIYLNTQQSPVAATLYVRNRVREAIRVSKIPDAKSPLPV
FAYTRIVFTDQVLKFLSQDELVYTFGETVALGASGIVIWGTLSIMRSMKSCLLLDNYMET
ILNPYIINVTLAAKMCSQVLCQEQGVCIRKNWNSSDYLHLNPDNFAIQLEKGGKFTVRGK
PTLEDLEQFSEKFYCSCYSTLSCKEKADVKDTDAVDVCIADGVCIDAFLKPPMETEEPQI
FYNASPSTLSATMFIVSILFLIISSVASL

• Random hydrolysis of 1->4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate ALL_REAC (other) R07824(G) R07825(G)

• Glyco_hydro_56 (PF01630 )

• 1-35

• None

• Cell membrane
• GPI-anchor
• lipid-anchor

1. Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Graves TA, Pepin KH, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Maas J, Jaeger S, Walker R, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, O'Laughlin MD, Schaller ME, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Cordes M, Du H, Sun H, Edwards J, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Andrews S, Isak A, Vanbrunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Lamar B, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Bielicki L, Scott K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Harris A, Strong CM, Hou S, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Leonard S, Rohlfing T, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Abbott A, Minx P, Maupin R, Strowmatt C, Latreille P, Miller N, Johnson D, Murray J, Woessner JP, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Schultz BR, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Nelson JO, Berkowicz N, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Bedell JA, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Chissoe SL, Marra MA, Raymond C, Haugen E, Gillett W, Zhou Y, James R, Phelps K, Iadanoto S, Bubb K, Simms E, Levy R, Clendenning J, Kaul R, Kent WJ, Furey TS, Baertsch RA, Brent MR, Keibler E, Flicek P, Bork P, Suyama M, Bailey JA, Portnoy ME, Torrents D, Chinwalla AT, Gish WR, Eddy SR, McPherson JD, Olson MV, Eichler EE, Green ED, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. Nature. 2003 Jul 10;424(6945):157-64. [PubMed ]
2. Lin Y, Kimmel LH, Myles DG, Primakoff P: Molecular cloning of the human and monkey sperm surface protein PH-20. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Nov 1;90(21):10071-5. [PubMed ]
3. Gmachl M, Sagan S, Ketter S, Kreil G: The human sperm protein PH-20 has hyaluronidase activity. FEBS Lett. 1993 Dec 28;336(3):545-8. [PubMed ]
4. Jones MH, Davey PM, Aplin H, Affara NA: Expression analysis, genomic structure, and mapping to 7q31 of the human sperm adhesion molecule gene SPAM1. Genomics. 1995 Oct 10;29(3):796-800. [PubMed ]

1. Csoka AB, Scherer SW, Stern R: Expression analysis of six paralogous human hyaluronidase genes clustered on chromosomes 3p21 and 7q31. Genomics. 1999 Sep 15;60(3):356-61. [PubMed ]
2. Deng X, He Y, Martin-Deleon PA: Mouse Spam1 (PH-20): evidence for its expression in the epididymis and for a new category of spermatogenic-expressed genes. J Androl. 2000 Nov-Dec;21(6):822-32. [PubMed ]
3. Cherr GN, Yudin AI, Overstreet JW: The dual functions of GPI-anchored PH-20: hyaluronidase and intracellular signaling. Matrix Biol. 2001 Dec;20(8):515-25. [PubMed ]
4. Patel S, Turner PR, Stubberfield C, Barry E, Rohlff CR, Stamps A, McKenzie E, Young K, Tyson K, Terrett J, Box G, Eccles S, Page MJ: Hyaluronidase gene profiling and role of hyal-1 overexpression in an orthotopic model of prostate cancer. Int J Cancer. 2002 Feb 1;97(4):416-24. [PubMed ]
5. Nicoll SB, Barak O, Csoka AB, Bhatnagar RS, Stern R: Hyaluronidases and CD44 undergo differential modulation during chondrogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Apr 12;292(4):819-25. [PubMed ]

1. TGF-beta-1
2. Transforming growth factor beta-1 precursor

MPPSGLRLLLLLLPLLWLLVLTPGRPAAGLSTCKTIDMELVKRKRIEAIRGQILSKLRLA
SPPSQGEVPPGPLPEAVLALYNSTRDRVAGESAEPEPEPEADYYAKEVTRVLMVETHNEI
YDKFKQSTHSIYMFFNTSELREAVPEPVLLSRAELRLLRLKLKVEQHVELYQKYSNNSWR
YLSNRLLAPSDSPEWLSFDVTGVVRQWLSRGGEIEGFRLSAHCSCDSRDNTLQVDINGFT
TGRRGDLATIHGMNRPFLLLMATPLERAQHLQSSRHRRALDTNYCFSSTEKNCCVRQLYI
DFRKDLGWKWIHEPKGYHANFCLGPCPYIWSLDTQYSKVLALYNQHNPGASAAPCCVPQA
LEPLPIVYYVGRKPKVEQLSNMIVRSCKCS

• TGF_beta (PF00019 )
• TGFb_propeptide (PF00688 )

• 1-29

• None

• Secreted protein

ATGCCGCCCTCCGGGCTGCGGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTACCGCTGCTGTGGCTACTGGTG
CTGACGCCTGGCCGGCCGGCCGCGGGACTATCCACCTGCAAGACTATCGACATGGAGCTG
GTGAAGCGGAAGCGCATCGAGGCCATCCGCGGCCAGATCCTGTCCAAGCTGCGGCTCGCC
AGCCCCCCGAGCCAGGGGGAGGTGCCGCCCGGCCCGCTGCCCGAGGCCGTGCTCGCCCTG
TACAACAGCACCCGCGACCGGGTGGCCGGGGAGAGTGCAGAACCGGAGCCCGAGCCTGAG
GCCGACTACTACGCCAAGGAGGTCACCCGCGTGCTAATGGTGGAAACCCACAACGAAATC
TATGACAAGTTCAAGCAGAGTACACACAGCATATATATGTTCTTCAACACATCAGAGCTC
CGAGAAGCGGTACCTGAACCCGTGTTGCTCTCCCGGGCAGAGCTGCGTCTGCTGAGGCTC
AAGTTAAAAGTGGAGCAGCACGTGGAGCTGTACCAGAAATACAGCAACAATTCCTGGCGA
TACCTCAGCAACCGGCTGCTGGCACCCAGCGACTCGCCAGAGTGGTTATCTTTTGATGTC
ACCGGAGTTGTGCGGCAGTGGTTGAGCCGTGGAGGGGAAATTGAGGGCTTTCGCCTTAGC
GCCCACTGCTCCTGTGACAGCAGGGATAACACACTGCAAGTGGACATCAACGGGTTCACT
ACCGGCCGCCGAGGTGACCTGGCCACCATTCATGGCATGAACCGGCCTTTCCTGCTTCTC
ATGGCCACCCCGCTGGAGAGGGCCCAGCATCTGCAAAGCTCCCGGCACCGCCGAGCCCTG
GACACCAACTATTGCTTCAGCTCCACGGAGAAGAACTGCTGCGTGCGGCAGCTGTACATT
GACTTCCGCAAGGACCTCGGCTGGAAGTGGATCCACGAGCCCAAGGGCTACCATGCCAAC
TTCTGCCTCGGGCCCTGCCCCTACATTTGGAGCCTGGACACGCAGTACAGCAAGGTCCTG
GCCCTGTACAACCAGCATAACCCGGGCGCCTCGGCGGCGCCGTGCTGCGTGCCGCAGGCG
CTGGAGCCGCTGCCCATCGTGTACTACGTGGGCCGCAAGCCCAAGGTGGAGCAGCTGTCC
AACATGATCGTGCGCTCCTGCAAGTGCAGCTAG

1. Kinoshita A, Saito T, Tomita H, Makita Y, Yoshida K, Ghadami M, Yamada K, Kondo S, Ikegawa S, Nishimura G, Fukushima Y, Nakagomi T, Saito H, Sugimoto T, Kamegaya M, Hisa K, Murray JC, Taniguchi N, Niikawa N, Yoshiura K: Domain-specific mutations in TGFB1 result in Camurati-Engelmann disease. Nat Genet. 2000 Sep;26(1):19-20. [PubMed ]
2. Janssens K, Gershoni-Baruch R, Guanabens N, Migone N, Ralston S, Bonduelle M, Lissens W, Van Maldergem L, Vanhoenacker F, Verbruggen L, Van Hul W: Mutations in the gene encoding the latency-associated peptide of TGF-beta 1 cause Camurati-Engelmann disease. Nat Genet. 2000 Nov;26(3):273-5. [PubMed ]
3. Shur I, Lokiec F, Bleiberg I, Benayahu D: Differential gene expression of cultured human osteoblasts. J Cell Biochem. 2001;83(4):547-53. [PubMed ]
4. Watanabe Y, Kinoshita A, Yamada T, Ohta T, Kishino T, Matsumoto N, Ishikawa M, Niikawa N, Yoshiura K: A catalog of 106 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 11 other types of variations in genes for transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and its signaling pathway. J Hum Genet. 2002;47(9):478-83. [PubMed ]
5. Janssens K, ten Dijke P, Ralston SH, Bergmann C, Van Hul W: Transforming growth factor-beta 1 mutations in Camurati-Engelmann disease lead to increased signaling by altering either activation or secretion of the mutant protein. J Biol Chem. 2003 Feb 28;278(9):7718-24. Epub 2002 Dec 18. [PubMed ]
6. McGowan NW, MacPherson H, Janssens K, Van Hul W, Frith JC, Fraser WD, Ralston SH, Helfrich MH: A mutation affecting the latency-associated peptide of TGFbeta1 in Camurati-Engelmann disease enhances osteoclast formation in vitro. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jul;88(7):3321-6. [PubMed ]
7. Massague J, Like B: Cellular receptors for type beta transforming growth factor. Ligand binding and affinity labeling in human and rodent cell lines. J Biol Chem. 1985 Mar 10;260(5):2636-45. [PubMed ]
8. Miyazono K, Hellman U, Wernstedt C, Heldin CH: Latent high molecular weight complex of transforming growth factor beta 1. Purification from human platelets and structural characterization. J Biol Chem. 1988 May 5;263(13):6407-15. [PubMed ]
9. Derynck R, Rhee L, Chen EY, Van Tilburg A: Intron-exon structure of the human transforming growth factor-beta precursor gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Apr 10;15(7):3188-9. [PubMed ]
10. Derynck R, Jarrett JA, Chen EY, Eaton DH, Bell JR, Assoian RK, Roberts AB, Sporn MB, Goeddel DV: Human transforming growth factor-beta complementary DNA sequence and expression in normal and transformed cells. Nature. 1985 Aug 22-28;316(6030):701-5. [PubMed ]
11. 8424942 Archer SJ, Bax A, Roberts AB, Sporn MB, Ogawa Y, Piez KA, Weatherbee JA, Tsang ML, Lucas R, Zheng BL, et al.: Transforming growth factor beta 1: NMR signal assignments of the recombinant protein expressed and isotopically enriched using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biochemistry. 1993 Feb 2;32(4):1152-63.
12. 8424943 Archer SJ, Bax A, Roberts AB, Sporn MB, Ogawa Y, Piez KA, Weatherbee JA, Tsang ML, Lucas R, Zheng BL, et al.: Transforming growth factor beta 1: secondary structure as determined by heteronuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Biochemistry. 1993 Feb 2;32(4):1164-71.
13. 8471846 Bourdrel L, Lin CH, Lauren SL, Elmore RH, Sugarman BJ, Hu S, Westcott KR: Recombinant human transforming growth factor-beta 1: expression by Chinese hamster ovary cells, isolation, and characterization. Protein Expr Purif. 1993 Apr;4(2):130-40.
14. 8679613 Hinck AP, Archer SJ, Qian SW, Roberts AB, Sporn MB, Weatherbee JA, Tsang ML, Lucas R, Zhang BL, Wenker J, Torchia DA: Transforming growth factor beta 1: three-dimensional structure in solution and comparison with the X-ray structure of transforming growth factor beta 2. Biochemistry. 1996 Jul 2;35(26):8517-34.
15. 9150447 Munger JS, Harpel JG, Gleizes PE, Mazzieri R, Nunes I, Rifkin DB: Latent transforming growth factor-beta: structural features and mechanisms of activation. Kidney Int. 1997 May;51(5):1376-82.
16. 9783545 Yamada Y, Miyauchi A, Goto J, Takagi Y, Okuizumi H, Kanematsu M, Hase M, Takai H, Harada A, Ikeda K: Association of a polymorphism of the transforming growth factor-beta1 gene with genetic susceptibility to osteoporosis in postmenopausal Japanese women. J Bone Miner Res. 1998 Oct;13(10):1569-76.

1. Chang NS: Hyaluronidase activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase is necessary for protection of L929 fibrosarcoma cells from staurosporine-mediated cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 May 4;283(2):278-86. [PubMed ]
2. Locci P, Marinucci L, Lilli C, Martinese D, Becchetti E: Transforming growth factor beta 1-hyaluronic acid interaction. Cell Tissue Res. 1995 Aug;281(2):317-24. [PubMed ]
3. Chang NS: Hyaluronidase enhancement of TNF-mediated cell death is reversed by TGF-beta 1. Am J Physiol. 1997 Dec;273(6 Pt 1):C1987-94. [PubMed ]
4. Chang NS: Transforming growth factor-beta protection of cancer cells against tumor necrosis factor cytotoxicity is counteracted by hyaluronidase (review). Int J Mol Med. 1998 Dec;2(6):653-9. [PubMed ]

1. EC 3.2.1.35
2. Hyal-2
3. Hyaluronidase-2 precursor
4. Hyaluronoglucosaminidase-2
5. LUCA-2

MRAGPGPTVTLALVLAVAWAMELKPTAPPIFTGRPFVVAWDVPTQDCGPRLKVPLDLNAF
DVQASPNEGFVNQNITIFYRDRLGLYPRFDSAGRSVHGGVPQNVSLWAHRKMLQKRVEHY
IRTQESAGLAVIDWEDWRPVWVRNWQDKDVYRRLSRQLVASRHPDWPPDRIVKQAQYEFE
FAAQQFMLETLRYVKAVRPRHLWGFYLFPDCYNHDYVQNWESYTGRCPDVEVARNDQLAW
LWAESTALFPSVYLDETLASSRHGRNFVSFRVQEALRVARTHHANHALPVYVFTRPTYSR
RLTGLSEMDLISTIGESAALGAAGVILWGDAGYTTSTETCQYLKDYLTRLLVPYVVNVSW
ATQYCSRAQCHGHGRCVRRNPSASTFLHLSTNSFRLVPGHAPGEPQLRPVGELSWADIDH
LQTHFRCQCYLGWSGEQCQWDHRQAAGGASEAWAGSHLTSLLALAALAFTWTL

• Random hydrolysis of 1->4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate ALL_REAC (other) R07824(G) R07825(G)

• Glyco_hydro_56 (PF01630 )

• 1-20

• None

• Cell membrane
• GPI-anchor
• lipid-anchor

ATGCGGGCAGGCCCAGGCCCCACCGTTACATTGGCCCTGGTGCTGGCGGTGGCATGGGCC
ATGGAGCTCAAGCCCACAGCACCACCCATCTTCACTGGCCGGCCCTTTGTGGTAGCGTGG
GACGTGCCCACACAGGACTGTGGCCCACGCCTCAAGGTGCCACTGGACCTGAATGCCTTT
GATGTGCAGGCCTCACCTAATGAGGGTTTTGTGAACCAGAATATTACCATCTTCTACCGC
GACCGTCTAGGCCTGTATCCACGCTTCGATTCTGCCGGAAGGTCTGTGCATGGTGGTGTG
CCACAGAATGTCAGCCTTTGGGCACACCGGAAGATGCTGCAGAAACGTGTGGAGCACTAC
ATTCGGACACAGGAGTCTGCGGGGCTGGCGGTCATCGACTGGGAGGACTGGCGACCTGTG
TGGGTGCGCAACTGGCAGGACAAAGATGTGTATCGCCGGTTATCACGCCAGCTAGTGGCC
AGTCGTCACCCTGACTGGCCTCCAGACCGCATAGTCAAACAGGCACAATATGAGTTTGAG
TTCGCAGCACAGCAGTTCATGCTGGAGACACTGCGTTATGTCAAGGCAGTGCGGCCCCGG
CACCTCTGGGGCTTCTACCTCTTTCCTGACTGCTACAATCATGATTATGTGCAGAACTGG
GAGAGCTACACAGGCCGCTGCCCTGATGTTGAGGTGGCCCGCAATGACCAGCTGGCCTGG
CTGTGGGCTGAGAGCACGGCCCTCTTCCCGTCTGTCTACCTGGACGAGACACTTGCTTCC
GCCCTCCATGGCCGCAACTTTGTGAGCTTCCGTGTTCAGGAGGCCCTTCGTGTGGCTCGC
ACCCACCATGCCAACCATGCACTCCCAGTCTACGTCTTCACACGACCCACCTACAGCCGC
TGCACGGGGCTTAGTGAGATGGACCTCATCTCTACCATTGGCGAGAGTGCGGCCCTGGGC
GCAGCTGGTGTCATCCTCTGGGGTGACGCGGGGTACACCACAAGCACGGAGACCTGCCAG
TACCTCAAAGATTACCTGACACGGCTGCTGGTCCCCTACGTGGTCAATGTGTCCTGGGCC
ACCCAATATTGCAGCCGGGCCCAGTGCCATGGCCATGGCTGTGTGCCCGGCAACCCCAGT
GCCAGTACCTTCCTGCATCTCAGCACCAACAGTTTCCGCCTAGTGCCTGGCCATGCACCT
GGTGAACCCCAGCTGCGACCTGTGGGGGAGCTCAGTTGGGCCGACATTGACCACCTGCAG
ACACACTTCCGCTGCCAGTGCTACTTGGGCTGGAGTGGTGAGCAATGCCAGTGGGACCAT
AGGCAGGCAGCTGGAGGTGCCAACGAGGCCTGGGCTGGGTCCCACCTCACCAGTCTGCTG
GCTCTGGCAGCCCTGGCCTTTACCTGGACCTTGTAG

1. Rai SK, Duh FM, Vigdorovich V, Danilkovitch-Miagkova A, Lerman MI, Miller AD: Candidate tumor suppressor HYAL2 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell-surface receptor for jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus, the envelope protein of which mediates oncogenic transformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Apr 10;98(8):4443-8. [PubMed ]
2. Lepperdinger G, Mullegger J, Kreil G: Hyal2--less active, but more versatile? Matrix Biol. 2001 Dec;20(8):509-14. [PubMed ]
3. Lepperdinger G, Strobl B, Kreil G: HYAL2, a human gene expressed in many cells, encodes a lysosomal hyaluronidase with a novel type of specificity. J Biol Chem. 1998 Aug 28;273(35):22466-70. [PubMed ]

1. Csoka AB, Scherer SW, Stern R: Expression analysis of six paralogous human hyaluronidase genes clustered on chromosomes 3p21 and 7q31. Genomics. 1999 Sep 15;60(3):356-61. [PubMed ]
2. Rai SK, Duh FM, Vigdorovich V, Danilkovitch-Miagkova A, Lerman MI, Miller AD: Candidate tumor suppressor HYAL2 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell-surface receptor for jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus, the envelope protein of which mediates oncogenic transformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Apr 10;98(8):4443-8. [PubMed ]
3. Csoka AB, Frost GI, Stern R: The six hyaluronidase-like genes in the human and mouse genomes. Matrix Biol. 2001 Dec;20(8):499-508. [PubMed ]
4. Mullegger J, Lepperdinger G: Degradation of hyaluronan by a Hyal2-type hyaluronidase affects pattern formation of vitelline vessels during embryogenesis of Xenopus laevis. Mech Dev. 2002 Feb;111(1-2):25-35. [PubMed ]
5. Chang NS: Transforming growth factor-beta1 blocks the enhancement of tumor necrosis factor cytotoxicity by hyaluronidase Hyal-2 in L929 fibroblasts. BMC Cell Biol. 2002 Apr 3;3:8. [PubMed ]

1. EC 3.2.1.35
2. Hyal-1
3. Hyaluronidase-1 precursor
4. Hyaluronoglucosaminidase-1
5. LUCA-1

MAAHLLPICALFLTLLDMAQGFRGPLLPNRPFTTVWNANTQWCLERHGVDVDVSVFDVVA
NPGQTFRGPDMTIFYSSQLGTYPYYTPTGEPVFGGLPQNASLIAHLARTFQDILAAIPAP
DFSGLAVIDWEAWRPRWAFNWDTKDIYRQRSRALVQAQHPDWPAPQVEAVAQDQFQGAAR
AWMAGTLQLGRALRPRGLWGFYGFPDCYNYDFLSPNYTGQCPSGIRAQNDQLGWLWGQSR
ALYPSIYMPAVLEGTGKSQMYVQHRVAEAFRVAVAAGDPNLPVLPYVQIFYDTTNHFLPL
DELEHSLGESAAQGAAGVVLWVSWENTRTKESCQAIKEYMDTTLGPFILNVTSGALLCSQ
ALCSGHGRCVRRTSHPKALLLLNPASFSIQLTPGGGPLSLRGALSLEDQAQMAVEFKCRC
YPGWQAPWCERKSMW

• Random hydrolysis of 1->4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate ALL_REAC (other) R07824(G) R07825(G)

• Glyco_hydro_56 (PF01630 )

• 1-21

• None

• Secreted protein. Lysosome

ATGGCAGCCCACCTGCTTCCCATCTGCGCCCTCTTCCTGACCTTACTCGATATGGCCCAA
GGCTTTAGGGGCCCCTTGCTACCCAACCGGCCCTTCACCACCGTCTGGAATGCAAACACC
CAGTGGTGCCTGGAGAGGCACGGTGTGGACGTGGATGTCAGTGTCTTCGATGTGGTAGCC
AACCCAGGGCAGACCTTCCGCGGCCCTGACATGACAATTTTCTATAGCTCCCAGCTGGGC
ACCTACCCCTACTACACGCCCACTGGGGAGCCTGTGTTTGGTGGTCTGCCCCAGAATGCC
AGCCTGATTGCCCACCTGGCCCGCACATTCCAGGACATCCTGGCTGCCATACCTGCTCCT
GACTTCTCAGGGCTGGCAGTCATCGACTGGGAGGCATGGCGCCCACGCTGGGCCTTCAAC
TGGGACACCAAGGACATTTACCGGCAGCGCTCACGGGCACTGGTACAGGCACAGCACCCT
GATTGGCCAGCTCCTCAGGTGGAGGCAGTAGCCCAGGACCAGTTCCAGGGAGCTGCACGG
GCCTGGATGGCAGGCACCCTCCAGCTGGGGCGGGCACTGCGTCCTCGCGGCCTCTGGGGC
TTCTATGGCTTCCCTGACTGCTACAACTATGACTTTCTAAGCCCCAACTACACCGGCCAG
TGCCCATCAGGCATCCGTGCCCAAAATGACCAGCTAGGGTGGCTGTGGGGCCAGAGCCGT
GCCCTCTATCCCAGCATCTACATGCCCGCAGTGCTGGAGGGCACAGGGAAGTCACAGATG
TATGTGCAACACCGTGTGGCCGAGGCATTCCGTGTGGCTGTGGCTGCTGGTGACCCCAAT
CTGCCGGTGCTGCCCTATGTCCAGATCTTCTATGACACGACAAACCACTTTCTGCCCCTG
GATGAGCTGGAGCACAGCCTGGGGGAGAGTGCGGCCCAGGGGGCAGCTGGAGTGGTGCTC
TGGGTGAGCTGGGAAAATACAAGAACCAAGGAATCATGTCAGGCCATCAAGGAGTATATG
GACACTACACTGGGGCCCTTCATCCTGAACGTGACCAGTGGGGCCCTTCTCTGCAGTCAA
GCCCTGTGCTCCGGCCATGGCCGCTGTGTCCGCCGCACCAGCCACCCCAAAGCCCTCCTC
CTCCTTAACCCTGCCAGTTTCTCCATCCAGCTCACGCCTGGTGGTGGGCCCCTGAGCCTG
CGGGGTGCCCTCTCACTTGAAGATCAGGCACAGATGGCTGTGGAGTTCAAATGTCGATGC
TACCCTGGCTGGCAGGCACCGTGGTGTGAGCGGAAGAGCATGTGGTGA

1. Triggs-Raine B, Salo TJ, Zhang H, Wicklow BA, Natowicz MR: Mutations in HYAL1, a member of a tandemly distributed multigene family encoding disparate hyaluronidase activities, cause a newly described lysosomal disorder, mucopolysaccharidosis IX. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 May 25;96(11):6296-300. [PubMed ]
2. Frost GI, Mohapatra G, Wong TM, Csoka AB, Gray JW, Stern R: HYAL1LUCA-1, a candidate tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 3p21.3, is inactivated in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas by aberrant splicing of pre-mRNA. Oncogene. 2000 Feb 17;19(7):870-7. [PubMed ]
3. Lokeshwar VB, Schroeder GL, Carey RI, Soloway MS, Iida N: Regulation of hyaluronidase activity by alternative mRNA splicing. J Biol Chem. 2002 Sep 13;277(37):33654-63. Epub 2002 Jun 25. [PubMed ]
4. Wei MH, Latif F, Bader S, Kashuba V, Chen JY, Duh FM, Sekido Y, Lee CC, Geil L, Kuzmin I, Zabarovsky E, Klein G, Zbar B, Minna JD, Lerman MI: Construction of a 600-kilobase cosmid clone contig and generation of a transcriptional map surrounding the lung cancer tumor suppressor gene (TSG) locus on human chromosome 3p21.3: progress toward the isolation of a lung cancer TSG. Cancer Res. 1996 Apr 1;56(7):1487-92. [PubMed ]
5. Frost GI, Csoka AB, Wong T, Stern R: Purification, cloning, and expression of human plasma hyaluronidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Jul 9;236(1):10-5. [PubMed ]

1. Csoka AB, Scherer SW, Stern R: Expression analysis of six paralogous human hyaluronidase genes clustered on chromosomes 3p21 and 7q31. Genomics. 1999 Sep 15;60(3):356-61. [PubMed ]
2. Reitinger S, Mullegger J, Lepperdinger G: Xenopus kidney hyaluronidase-1 (XKH1), a novel type of membrane-bound hyaluronidase solely degrades hyaluronan at neutral pH. FEBS Lett. 2001 Sep 14;505(2):213-6. [PubMed ]
3. Shuttleworth TL, Wilson MD, Wicklow BA, Wilkins JA, Triggs-Raine BL: Characterization of the murine hyaluronidase gene region reveals complex organization and cotranscription of Hyal1 with downstream genes, Fus2 and Hyal3. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jun 21;277(25):23008-18. Epub 2002 Apr 2. [PubMed ]
4. Lokeshwar VB, Cerwinka WH, Isoyama T, Lokeshwar BL: HYAL1 hyaluronidase in prostate cancer: a tumor promoter and suppressor. Cancer Res. 2005 Sep 1;65(17):7782-9. [PubMed ]
5. Lokeshwar VB, Estrella V, Lopez L, Kramer M, Gomez P, Soloway MS, Lokeshwar BL: HYAL1-v1, an alternatively spliced variant of HYAL1 hyaluronidase: a negative regulator of bladder cancer. Cancer Res. 2006 Dec 1;66(23):11219-27. [PubMed ]

1. CD44 antigen precursor
2. CDw44
3. ECMR-III
4. Epican
5. Extracellular matrix receptor-III
6. GP90 lymphocyte homing/adhesion receptor
7. HUTCH-I
8. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan
9. Hermes antigen
10. Hyaluronate receptor
11. PGP-1
12. Phagocytic glycoprotein I

MDKFWWHAAWGLCLVPLSLAQIDLNITCRFAGVFHVEKNGRYSISRTEAADLCKAFNSTL
PTMAQMEKALSIGFETCRYGFIEGHVVIPRIHPNSICAANNTGVYILTSNTSQYDTYCFN
ASAPPEEDCTSVTDLPNAFDGPITITIVNRDGTRYVQKGEYRTNPEDIYPSNPTDDDVSS
GSSSERSSTSGGYIFYTFSTVHPIPDEDSPWITDSTDRIPATTLMSTSATATETATKRQE
TWDWFSWLFLPSESKNHLHTTTQMAGTSSNTISAGWEPNEENEDERDRHLSFSGSGIDDD
EDFISSTISTTPRAFDHTKQNQDWTQWNPSHSNPEVLLQTTTRMTDVDRNGTTAYEGNWN
PEAHPPLIHHEHHEEEETPHSTSTIQATPSSTTEETATQKEQWFGNRWHEGYRQTPREDS
HSTTGTAAASAHTSHPMQGRTTPSPEDSSWTDFFNPISHPMGRGHQAGRRMDMDSSHSTT
LQPTANPNTGLVEDLDRTGPLSMTTQQSNSQSFSTSHEGLEEDKDHPTTSTLTSSNRNDV
TGGRRDPNHSEGSTTLLEGYTSHYPHTKESRTFIPVTSAKTGSFGVTAVTVGDSNSNVNR
SLSGDQDTFHPSGGSHTTHGSESDGHSHGSQEGGANTTSGPIRTPQIPEWLIILASLLAL
ALILAVCIAVNSRRRCGQKKKLVINSGNGAVEDRKPSGLNGEASKSQEMVHLVNKESSET
PDQFMTADETRNLQNVDMKIGV

• Xlink (PF00193 )

• 1-20

• 650-670

• Membrane
• single-pass type I membrane protein

ATGGACAAGTTTTGGTGGCACGCAGCCTGGGGACTCTGCCTCGTGCCGCTGAGCCTGGCG
CAGATCGATTTGAATATAACCTGCCGCTTTGCAGGTGTATTCCACGTGGAGAAAAATGGT
CGCTACAGCATCTCTCGGACGGAGGCCGCTGACCTCTGCAAGGCTTTCAATAGCACCTTG
CCCACAATGGCCCAGATGGAGAAAGCTCTGAGCATCGGATTTGAGACCTGCAGGTATGGG
TTCATAGAAGGGCACGTGGTGATTCCCCGGATCCACCCCAACTCCATCTGTGCAGCAAAC
AACACAGGGGTGTACATCCTCACATCCAACACCTCCCAGTATGACACATATTGCTTCAAT
GCTTCAGCTCCACCTGAAGAAGATTGTACATCAGTCACAGACCTGCCCAATGCCTTTGAT
GGACCAATTACCATAACTATTGTTAACCGTGATGGCACCCGCTATGTCCAGAAAGGAGAA
TACAGAACGAATCCTGAAGACATCTACCCCAGCAACCCTACTGATGATGACGTGAGCAGC
GGCTCCTCCAGTGAAAGGAGCAGCACTTCAGGAGGTTACATCTTTTACACCTTTTCTACT
GTACACCCCATCCCAGACGAAGACAGTCCCTGGATCACCGACAGCACAGACAGAATCCCT
GCTACCACTTTGATGAGCACTAGTGCTACAGCAACTGAGACAGCAACCAAGAGGCAAGAA
ACCTGGGATTGGTTTTCATGGTTGTTTCTACCATCAGAGTCAAAGAATCATCTTCACACA
ACAACACAAATGGCTGGTACGTCTTCAAATACCATCTCAGCAGGCTGGGAGCCAAATGAA
GAAAATGAAGATGAAAGAGACAGACACCTCAGTTTTTCTGGATCAGGCATTGATGATGAT
GAAGATTTTATCTCCAGCACCATTTCAACCACACCACGGGCTTTTGACCACACAAAACAG
AACCAGGACTGGACCCAGTGGAACCCAAGCCATTCAAATCCGGAAGTGCTACTTCAGACA
ACCACAAGGATGACTGATGTAGACAGAAATGGCACCACTGCTTATGAAGGAAACTGGAAC
CCAGAAGCACACCCTCCCCTCATTCACCATGAGCATCATGAGGAAGAAGAGACCCCACAT
TCTACAAGCACAATCCAGGCAACTCCTAGTAGTACAACGGAAGAAACAGCTACCCAGAAG
GAACAGTGGTTTGGCAACAGATGGCATGAGGGATATCGCCAAACACCCAGAGAAGACTCC
CATTCGACAACAGGGACAGCTGCAGCCTCAGCTCATACCAGCCATCCAATGCAAGGAAGG
ACAACACCAAGCCCAGAGGACAGTTCCTGGACTGATTTCTTCAACCCAATCTCACACCCC
ATGGGACGAGGTCATCAAGCAGGAAGAAGGATGGATATGGACTCCAGTCATAGTACAACG
CTTCAGCCTACTGCAAATCCAAACACAGGTTTGGTGGAAGATTTGGACAGGACAGGACCT
CTTTCAATGACAACGCAGCAGAGTAATTCTCAGAGCTTCTCTACATCACATGAAGGCTTG
GAAGAAGATAAAGACCATCCAACAACTTCTACTCTGACATCAAGCAATAGGAATGATGTC
ACAGGTGGAAGAAGAGACCCAAATCATTCTGAAGGCTCAACTACTTTACTGGAAGGTTAT
ACCTCTCATTACCCACACACGAAGGAAAGCAGGACCTTCATCCCAGTGACCTCAGCTAAG
ACTGGGTCCTTTGGAGTTACTGCAGTTACTGTTGGAGATTCCAACTCTAATGTCAATCGT
TCCTTATCAGGAGACCAAGACACATTCCACCCCAGTGGGGGGTCCCATACCACTCATGGA
TCTGAATCAGATGGACACTCACATGGGAGTCAAGAAGGTGGAGCAAACACAACCTCTGGT
CCTATAAGGACACCCCAAATTCCAGAATGGCTGATCATCTTGGCATCCCTCTTGGCCTTG
GCTTTGATTCTTGCAGTTTGCATTGCAGTCAACAGTCGAAGAAGGTGTGGGCAGAAGAAA
AAGCTAGTGATCAACAGTGGCAATGGAGCTGTGGAGGACAGAAAGCCAAGTGGACTCAAC
GGAGAGGCCAGCAAGTCTCAGGAAATGGTGCATTTGGTGAACAAGGAGTCGTCAGAAACT
CCAGACCAGTTTATGACAGCTGATGAGACAAGGAACCTGCAGAATGTGGACATGAAGATT
GGGGTGTAA

1. Kugelman LC, Ganguly S, Haggerty JG, Weissman SM, Milstone LM: The core protein of epican, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan on keratinocytes, is an alternative form of CD44. J Invest Dermatol. 1992 Dec;99(6):886-91. [PubMed ]
2. Gasbarri A, Del Prete F, Girnita L, Martegani MP, Natali PG, Bartolazzi A: CD44s adhesive function spontaneous and PMA-inducible CD44 cleavage are regulated at post-translational level in cells of melanocytic lineage. Melanoma Res. 2003 Aug;13(4):325-37. [PubMed ]
3. Screaton GR, Bell MV, Jackson DG, Cornelis FB, Gerth U, Bell JI: Genomic structure of DNA encoding the lymphocyte homing receptor CD44 reveals at least 12 alternatively spliced exons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Dec 15;89(24):12160-4. [PubMed ]
4. Hofmann M, Rudy W, Zoller M, Tolg C, Ponta H, Herrlich P, Gunthert U: CD44 splice variants confer metastatic behavior in rats: homologous sequences are expressed in human tumor cell lines. Cancer Res. 1991 Oct 1;51(19):5292-7. [PubMed ]
5. Harn HJ, Isola N, Cooper DL: The multispecific cell adhesion molecule CD44 is represented in reticulocyte cDNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Aug 15;178(3):1127-34. [PubMed ]
6. Shtivelman E, Bishop JM: Expression of CD44 is repressed in neuroblastoma cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Nov;11(11):5446-53. [PubMed ]
7. Stamenkovic I, Aruffo A, Amiot M, Seed B: The hematopoietic and epithelial forms of CD44 are distinct polypeptides with different adhesion potentials for hyaluronate-bearing cells. EMBO J. 1991 Feb;10(2):343-8. [PubMed ]
8. Brown TA, Bouchard T, St John T, Wayner E, Carter WG: Human keratinocytes express a new CD44 core protein (CD44E) as a heparan-sulfate intrinsic membrane proteoglycan with additional exons. J Cell Biol. 1991 Apr;113(1):207-21. [PubMed ]
9. Dougherty GJ, Landorp PM, Cooper DL, Humphries RK: Molecular cloning of CD44R1 and CD44R2, two novel isoforms of the human CD44 lymphocyte "homing" receptor expressed by hemopoietic cells. J Exp Med. 1991 Jul 1;174(1):1-5. [PubMed ]
10. Stamenkovic I, Amiot M, Pesando JM, Seed B: A lymphocyte molecule implicated in lymph node homing is a member of the cartilage link protein family. Cell. 1989 Mar 24;56(6):1057-62. [PubMed ]
11. 2466576 Goldstein LA, Zhou DF, Picker LJ, Minty CN, Bargatze RF, Ding JF, Butcher EC: A human lymphocyte homing receptor, the hermes antigen, is related to cartilage proteoglycan core and link proteins. Cell. 1989 Mar 24;56(6):1063-72.
12. 7508842 Gunthert U: CD44: a multitude of isoforms with diverse functions. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1993;184:47-63.
13. 8148709 Matsumura Y, Hanbury D, Smith J, Tarin D: Non-invasive detection of malignancy by identification of unusual CD44 gene activity in exfoliated cancer cells. BMJ. 1994 Mar 5;308(6929):619-24.
14. 8352881 Tanabe KK, Nishi T, Saya H: Novel variants of CD44 arising from alternative splicing: changes in the CD44 alternative splicing pattern of MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells treated with hyaluronidase. Mol Carcinog. 1993;7(4):212-20.
15. 8636151 Telen MJ, Udani M, Washington MK, Levesque MC, Lloyd E, Rao N: A blood group-related polymorphism of CD44 abolishes a hyaluronan-binding consensus sequence without preventing hyaluronan binding. J Biol Chem. 1996 Mar 22;271(12):7147-53.
16. 9580567 Peck D, Isacke CM: Hyaluronan-dependent cell migration can be blocked by a CD44 cytoplasmic domain peptide containing a phosphoserine at position 325. J Cell Sci. 1998 Jun;111 ( Pt 11):1595-601.

1. Kawakami N, Nishizawa F, Sakane N, Iwao M, Tsujikawa K, Ikawa M, Okabe M, Yamamoto H: Roles of integrins and CD44 on the adhesion and migration of fetal liver cells to the fetal thymus. J Immunol. 1999 Sep 15;163(6):3211-6. [PubMed ]
2. Aguiar DJ, Knudson W, Knudson CB: Internalization of the hyaluronan receptor CD44 by chondrocytes. Exp Cell Res. 1999 Nov 1;252(2):292-302. [PubMed ]
3. Weiss L, Slavin S, Reich S, Cohen P, Shuster S, Stern R, Kaganovsky E, Okon E, Rubinstein AM, Naor D: Induction of resistance to diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice by targeting CD44 with a specific monoclonal antibody. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jan 4;97(1):285-90. [PubMed ]
4. Laugier JP, Shuster S, Rosdy M, Csoka AB, Stern R, Maibach HI: Topical hyaluronidase decreases hyaluronic acid and CD44 in human skin and in reconstituted human epidermis: evidence that hyaluronidase can permeate the stratum corneum. Br J Dermatol. 2000 Feb;142(2):226-33. [PubMed ]
5. Okada T, Hawley RG, Kodaka M, Okuno H: Significance of VLA-4-VCAM-1 interaction and CD44 for transendothelial invasion in a bone marrow metastatic myeloma model. Clin Exp Metastasis. 1999;17(7):623-9. [PubMed ]