Estrone

Identification

Summary

Estrone is an estrogen used to treat perimenopausal and postmenopausal symptoms.

Brand Names
Estragyn
Generic Name
Estrone
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00655
Background

Estrone, one of the major mammalian estrogens, is an aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone. It is produced in vivo from androstenedione or from testosterone via estradiol. It is produced primarily in the ovaries, placenta, and in peripheral tissues (especially adipose tissue) through conversion of adrostenedione. Estrone may be further metabolized to 16-alpha-hydroxyestrone, which may be reduced to estriol by estradiol dehydrogenase.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 270.3661
Monoisotopic: 270.161979948
Chemical Formula
C18H22O2
Synonyms
  • 3-Hydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one
  • Estrona
  • Estrone
  • Estronum
  • Follicular hormone
  • Folliculin
  • Oestrone
External IDs
  • WAY 164397

Pharmacology

Indication

For management of perimenopausal and postmenopausal symptoms.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Symptomatic treatment ofVulvovaginal atrophy•••••••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Estrone, a synthetically prepared or naturally occurring steroidal estrogen obtained from pregnant equine urine, is the primary circulating estrogen after menopause. Estrone is naturally derived from the peripheral conversion of androstenedione by an aromatase enzyme found in adipose tissues and is converted to estradiol in peripheral tissues. The estrogenic potency of estrone is one third that of estradiol. Estropipate is piperazine-stabilized estrone sulfate. Estrone, and estropipate are used to treat abnormalities related to gonadotropin hormone dysfunction, vasomotor symptoms, atrophic vaginitis, and vulvar atrophy associated with menopause, and for the prevention of osteoporosis due to estrogen deficiency.

Mechanism of action

Estrogens enter the cells of responsive tissues (e.g. female organs, breasts, hypothalamus, pituitary) where they interact with estrogen receptors. Hormone-bound estrogen receptors dimerize, translocate to the nucleus of cells and bind to estrogen response elements (ERE) of genes. Binding to ERE alters the transcription rate of affected genes. Estrogens increase the hepatic synthesis of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), thyroid-binding globulin (TBG), and other serum proteins and suppress follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release from the anterior pituitary.

TargetActionsOrganism
AEstrogen receptor alpha
agonist
Humans
UEstrogen receptor betaNot AvailableHumans
UAndrogen receptorNot AvailableHumans
UCytochrome P450 19A1Not AvailableHumans
USex hormone-binding globulinNot AvailableHumans
Absorption

43%

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

> 95%

Metabolism

Hepatic.

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Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

19 hours

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Symptoms of overdose include nausea and vomiting. Estrogen related side effects include nausea, breast tenderness, fluid retention and edema, headaches and/or migraines, chloasma and poor contact lens fit. Estrogen hormone deficiency is associated with breakthrough bleeding, hypomenorrhea, irritability, depression and menopausal symptoms. Withdrawal bleeds may occur in females.

Pathways
PathwayCategory
Sulfite Oxidase DeficiencyDisease
Estrone MetabolismMetabolic
Androgen and Estrogen MetabolismMetabolic
Aromatase DeficiencyDisease
Sulfate/Sulfite MetabolismMetabolic
17-beta Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase III DeficiencyDisease
Androstenedione MetabolismMetabolic
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbametapirThe serum concentration of Estrone can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
AbciximabEstrone may increase the thrombogenic activities of Abciximab.
AcetohexamideThe therapeutic efficacy of Acetohexamide can be decreased when used in combination with Estrone.
AdalimumabEstrone may increase the thrombogenic activities of Adalimumab.
AducanumabEstrone may increase the thrombogenic activities of Aducanumab.
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol. Ingesting alcohol may increase serum concentrations of estradiol.
  • Avoid grapefruit products. Grapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 and therefore, may increase estrone concentrations, potentially increasing its adverse effects.

Products

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International/Other Brands
Estrone (Watson)
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Estragyn Vaginal CreamCream0.1 % w/wVaginalSearchlight Pharma Inc1987-12-31Not applicableCanada flag
Oestrilin Cones VaginauxSuppository.25 mg / supVaginalDesbergers LtÉe, Division Of Technilab Inc.1951-12-312004-08-09Canada flag
Oestrilin Creme Vaginale 1mgCream1 mg / gVaginalDesbergers LtÉe, Division Of Technilab Inc.1968-12-312004-08-23Canada flag

Categories

ATC Codes
G03CC04 — EstroneG03CA07 — Estrone
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as estrogens and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure containing a 3-hydroxylated estrane.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Lipids and lipid-like molecules
Class
Steroids and steroid derivatives
Sub Class
Estrane steroids
Direct Parent
Estrogens and derivatives
Alternative Parents
3-hydroxysteroids / 17-oxosteroids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives / Tetralins / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids / Ketones / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives
Substituents
1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid / 17-oxosteroid / 3-hydroxysteroid / Aromatic homopolycyclic compound / Benzenoid / Carbonyl group / Estrogen-skeleton / Hydrocarbon derivative / Hydroxysteroid / Ketone
Molecular Framework
Aromatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
17-oxo steroid, 3-hydroxy steroid (CHEBI:17263) / estrane, C18 steroids (estrogens) and derivatives, Estrane and derivatives, Estrogens (C00468) / C18 steroids (estrogens) and derivatives (LMST02010004)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
2DI9HA706A
CAS number
53-16-7
InChI Key
DNXHEGUUPJUMQT-CBZIJGRNSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C18H22O2/c1-18-9-8-14-13-5-3-12(19)10-11(13)2-4-15(14)16(18)6-7-17(18)20/h3,5,10,14-16,19H,2,4,6-9H2,1H3/t14-,15-,16+,18+/m1/s1
IUPAC Name
(3aS,3bR,9bS,11aS)-7-hydroxy-11a-methyl-1H,2H,3H,3aH,3bH,4H,5H,9bH,10H,11H,11aH-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-one
SMILES
[H][C@@]12CCC(=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@]1([H])C3=C(CC[C@@]21[H])C=C(O)C=C3

References

Synthesis Reference

Seiichi Takano, Kunio Ogasawara, "Method for producing (+)-estrone derivatives." U.S. Patent US5424462, issued January, 1965.

US5424462
General References
  1. Miyoshi Y, Tanji Y, Taguchi T, Tamaki Y, Noguchi S: Association of serum estrone levels with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer risk in postmenopausal Japanese women. Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Jun;9(6):2229-33. [Article]
  2. Kajta M, Lason W, Bien E, Marszal M: Neuroprotective effects of estrone on NMDA-induced toxicity in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons are independent of estrogen receptors. Pol J Pharmacol. 2002 Nov-Dec;54(6):727-9. [Article]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0000145
KEGG Drug
D00067
KEGG Compound
C00468
PubChem Compound
5870
PubChem Substance
46505916
ChemSpider
5660
BindingDB
17289
RxNav
4103
ChEBI
17263
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1405
ZINC
ZINC000013509425
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP001020
PharmGKB
PA449512
Guide to Pharmacology
GtP Drug Page
PDBe Ligand
J3Z
Wikipedia
Estrone
PDB Entries
5hs6 / 6mnc / 6mne / 7ry4 / 7x3z
MSDS
Download (99.6 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
2Unknown StatusDiagnosticPremenstrual Syndrome (PMS)1
2Unknown StatusTreatmentPremenstrual Syndrome (PMS)1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Wyeth ayerst laboratories
  • Watson laboratories inc
  • Parkedale pharmaceuticals inc
Packagers
  • Carlisle Laboratories Inc.
  • Clint Pharmaceutical Inc.
  • Consolidated Midland Corp.
  • Gallipot
  • Martin Surgical Supply
  • Medisca Inc.
  • Merit Pharmaceuticals
  • National Pharmaceuticals
  • North America Genescience LLC
  • Primedics Laboratories
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
CreamVaginal0.1 % w/w
SuppositoryVaginal.25 mg / sup
CreamVaginal1 mg / g
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Estrone powder21.42USD g
Estrone crystal11.76USD g
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)258-261 °C'MSDS'
boiling point (°C)445.2 °C'MSDS'
water solubility0.76 g/L at 20 ºC'MSDS'
logP2.6 'MSDS'
logS-3.96ADME Research, USCD
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.00394 mg/mLALOGPS
logP4.03ALOGPS
logP4.31Chemaxon
logS-4.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)10.33Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-5.4Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area37.3 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count0Chemaxon
Refractivity79.08 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability31.24 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings4Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleYesChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+1.0
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9529
Caco-2 permeable+0.8934
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.6001
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.9066
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.8882
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.73
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.6624
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.9116
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.729
CYP450 1A2 substrateInhibitor0.9017
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9353
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9599
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8954
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8309
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.8681
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.9268
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.8917
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9717
Rat acute toxicity1.9267 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.8711
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Inhibitor0.5459
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Download (9.95 KB)
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS)GC-MSsplash10-05ox-3951000000-8bc438f505b3cf49b21f
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 MEOX; 1 TMS)GC-MSsplash10-003u-4942000000-a72ea34d85d9d524c247
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 MEOX; 1 TMS)GC-MSsplash10-0019-8931000000-aad9803af812c7c40f53
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0adl-1970000000-871531490fb22b8fe12f
GC-MS Spectrum - EI-BGC-MSsplash10-00di-2940000000-2d417e7ecb4a8b87b817
GC-MS Spectrum - EI-BGC-MSsplash10-00di-0980000000-5b293db89a0f2efeb784
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSGC-MSsplash10-05ox-3951000000-8bc438f505b3cf49b21f
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSGC-MSsplash10-003u-4942000000-a72ea34d85d9d524c247
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSGC-MSsplash10-0019-8931000000-aad9803af812c7c40f53
Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)MSsplash10-00di-2930000000-c99df908474247066a2b
MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, PositiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-0190000000-071e67516e11357ff64e
MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, PositiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4j-4910000000-20e059a7c508ba492af3
MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, PositiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-067i-9700000000-9ff5214f08822f238fa9
MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI M-80) , PositiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-2940000000-3b9744c27d6a3d2eff6e
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , PositiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0ukc-2690000000-7afb48e267c7b334213b
MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-014i-0690000000-a76244de959b06ec896e
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0a59-0910000000-4a1bc1cbc90c3e5281e6
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0a59-0900000000-0830d4ad43804976f508
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0udi-0390000000-41440e74b3f0b5f365d7
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0udi-0390000000-fdc0255246e3a9013d0a
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0a59-2910000000-fc5173d435c3c7fc603c
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-0390000000-25cecb1c4785e7bffd56
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0uk9-0090000000-5e9a1ab41caf3bdbaa27
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-014i-0090000000-aa82c15c9b146ff073b0
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0229-4940000000-5617e08384cd4b348a7b
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-014i-0090000000-618f4feecc58011dd82d
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0udr-0090000000-236c75a988c472fd9c3c
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-1900000000-ab92ab333da8c02b6229
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-014i-0090000000-aa82c15c9b146ff073b0
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0uk9-0090000000-5e9a1ab41caf3bdbaa27
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0229-4940000000-5617e08384cd4b348a7b
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-014i-0090000000-618f4feecc58011dd82d
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0udr-0090000000-236c75a988c472fd9c3c
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-1900000000-ab92ab333da8c02b6229
1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum2D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-173.1393473
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-162.8952464
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-173.0936473
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-172.9716473
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-177.81871
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M-H]-173.1393473
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-162.8952464
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-173.0936473
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-172.9716473
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-177.81871
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+174.6389473
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+174.6442997
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+173.5386473
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+174.1581473
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+180.21426
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+174.6389473
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+174.6442997
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+173.5386473
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+174.1581473
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+180.21426
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+173.0156473
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+173.2148473
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+173.1836473
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+173.6687473
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+186.12682
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+173.0156473
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+173.2148473
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+173.1836473
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+173.6687473
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+186.12682
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Details
1. Estrogen receptor alpha
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissu...
Gene Name
ESR1
Uniprot ID
P03372
Uniprot Name
Estrogen receptor
Molecular Weight
66215.45 Da
References
  1. Margeat E, Bourdoncle A, Margueron R, Poujol N, Cavailles V, Royer C: Ligands differentially modulate the protein interactions of the human estrogen receptors alpha and beta. J Mol Biol. 2003 Feb 7;326(1):77-92. [Article]
  2. Sasson S: Equilibrium binding analysis of estrogen agonists and antagonists: relation to the activation of the estrogen receptor. Pathol Biol (Paris). 1991 Jan;39(1):59-69. [Article]
  3. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Details
2. Estrogen receptor beta
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Nuclear hormone receptor. Binds estrogens with an affinity similar to that of ESR1, and activates expression of reporter genes containing estrogen response elements (ERE) in an estrogen-dependent m...
Gene Name
ESR2
Uniprot ID
Q92731
Uniprot Name
Estrogen receptor beta
Molecular Weight
59215.765 Da
References
  1. Gutendorf B, Westendorf J: Comparison of an array of in vitro assays for the assessment of the estrogenic potential of natural and synthetic estrogens, phytoestrogens and xenoestrogens. Toxicology. 2001 Sep 14;166(1-2):79-89. [Article]
  2. Dang Z: Comparison of relative binding affinities to fish and mammalian estrogen receptors: the regulatory implications. Toxicol Lett. 2010 Feb 15;192(3):298-315. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.11.004. Epub 2009 Nov 12. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Transcription ...
Gene Name
AR
Uniprot ID
P10275
Uniprot Name
Androgen receptor
Molecular Weight
98987.9 Da
References
  1. Kojima H, Iida M, Katsura E, Kanetoshi A, Hori Y, Kobayashi K: Effects of a diphenyl ether-type herbicide, chlornitrofen, and its amino derivative on androgen and estrogen receptor activities. Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Apr;111(4):497-502. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Oxygen binding
Specific Function
Catalyzes the formation of aromatic C18 estrogens from C19 androgens.
Gene Name
CYP19A1
Uniprot ID
P11511
Uniprot Name
Aromatase
Molecular Weight
57882.48 Da
References
  1. Numazawa M, Ando M, Watari Y, Tominaga T, Hayata Y, Yoshimura A: Structure-activity relationships of 2-, 4-, or 6-substituted estrogens as aromatase inhibitors. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2005 Jun;96(1):51-8. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Androgen binding
Specific Function
Functions as an androgen transport protein, but may also be involved in receptor mediated processes. Each dimer binds one molecule of steroid. Specific for 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone...
Gene Name
SHBG
Uniprot ID
P04278
Uniprot Name
Sex hormone-binding globulin
Molecular Weight
43778.755 Da
References
  1. Hong H, Branham WS, Ng HW, Moland CL, Dial SL, Fang H, Perkins R, Sheehan D, Tong W: Human sex hormone-binding globulin binding affinities of 125 structurally diverse chemicals and comparison with their binding to androgen receptor, estrogen receptor, and alpha-fetoprotein. Toxicol Sci. 2015 Feb;143(2):333-48. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu231. Epub 2014 Oct 27. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Lee AJ, Cai MX, Thomas PE, Conney AH, Zhu BT: Characterization of the oxidative metabolites of 17beta-estradiol and estrone formed by 15 selectively expressed human cytochrome p450 isoforms. Endocrinology. 2003 Aug;144(8):3382-98. [Article]
  2. Niwa T, Murayama N, Imagawa Y, Yamazaki H: Regioselective hydroxylation of steroid hormones by human cytochromes P450. Drug Metab Rev. 2015 May;47(2):89-110. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2015.1011658. Epub 2015 Feb 13. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Oxygen binding
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP1B1
Uniprot ID
Q16678
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 1B1
Molecular Weight
60845.33 Da
References
  1. Thomas MP, Potter BV: The structural biology of oestrogen metabolism. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2013 Sep;137:27-49. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.12.014. Epub 2013 Jan 4. [Article]
  2. van Duursen MB, Sanderson JT, van der Bruggen M, van der Linden J, van den Berg M: Effects of several dioxin-like compounds on estrogen metabolism in the malignant MCF-7 and nontumorigenic MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cell lines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2003 Aug 1;190(3):241-50. doi: 10.1016/s0041-008x(03)00166-2. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2B6
Uniprot ID
P20813
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2B6
Molecular Weight
56277.81 Da
References
  1. Rendic S: Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448. [Article]
  2. Zanger UM, Klein K: Pharmacogenetics of cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6): advances on polymorphisms, mechanisms, and clinical relevance. Front Genet. 2013 Mar 5;4:24. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00024. eCollection 2013. [Article]
  3. Mo SL, Liu YH, Duan W, Wei MQ, Kanwar JR, Zhou SF: Substrate specificity, regulation, and polymorphism of human cytochrome P450 2B6. Curr Drug Metab. 2009 Sep;10(7):730-53. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID
P11712
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C9
Molecular Weight
55627.365 Da
References
  1. Rendic S: Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448. [Article]
  2. Modugno F, Knoll C, Kanbour-Shakir A, Romkes M: A potential role for the estrogen-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes in human breast carcinogenesis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003 Dec;82(3):191-7. doi: 10.1023/B:BREA.0000004376.21491.44. [Article]
  3. Uno T, Nakano R, Kitagawa R, Okada M, Kanamaru K, Takenaka S, Uno Y, Imaishi H: Metabolism of steroids by cytochrome P450 2C9 variants. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2018 Sep;39(8):371-377. doi: 10.1002/bdd.2153. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic ...
Gene Name
CYP2E1
Uniprot ID
P05181
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2E1
Molecular Weight
56848.42 Da
References
  1. Ohe T, Hirobe M, Mashino T: Novel metabolic pathway of estrone and 17beta-estradiol catalyzed by cytochrome P-450. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Feb;28(2):110-2. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Oxygen binding
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP3A5
Uniprot ID
P20815
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A5
Molecular Weight
57108.065 Da
References
  1. Huang Z, Guengerich FP, Kaminsky LS: 16Alpha-hydroxylation of estrone by human cytochrome P4503A4/5. Carcinogenesis. 1998 May;19(5):867-72. [Article]
  2. Lee AJ, Cai MX, Thomas PE, Conney AH, Zhu BT: Characterization of the oxidative metabolites of 17beta-estradiol and estrone formed by 15 selectively expressed human cytochrome p450 isoforms. Endocrinology. 2003 Aug;144(8):3382-98. [Article]
  3. Cribb AE, Knight MJ, Dryer D, Guernsey J, Hender K, Tesch M, Saleh TM: Role of polymorphic human cytochrome P450 enzymes in estrone oxidation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006 Mar;15(3):551-8. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0801. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP1A2
Uniprot ID
P05177
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 1A2
Molecular Weight
58293.76 Da
References
  1. Lin Y, Lu P, Tang C, Mei Q, Sandig G, Rodrigues AD, Rushmore TH, Shou M: Substrate inhibition kinetics for cytochrome P450-catalyzed reactions. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Apr;29(4 Pt 1):368-74. [Article]
  2. Ueno T, Tamura S, Frels WI, Shou M, Gonzalez FJ, Kimura S: A transgenic mouse expressing human CYP1A2 in the pancreas. Biochem Pharmacol. 2000 Sep 15;60(6):857-63. [Article]
  3. Yamazaki H, Shaw PM, Guengerich FP, Shimada T: Roles of cytochromes P450 1A2 and 3A4 in the oxidation of estradiol and estrone in human liver microsomes. Chem Res Toxicol. 1998 Jun;11(6):659-65. doi: 10.1021/tx970217f. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Vitamin d 24-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP1A1
Uniprot ID
P04798
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 1A1
Molecular Weight
58164.815 Da
References
  1. Ohe T, Hirobe M, Mashino T: Novel metabolic pathway of estrone and 17beta-estradiol catalyzed by cytochrome P-450. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Feb;28(2):110-2. [Article]
  2. van Duursen MB, Sanderson JT, van der Bruggen M, van der Linden J, van den Berg M: Effects of several dioxin-like compounds on estrogen metabolism in the malignant MCF-7 and nontumorigenic MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cell lines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2003 Aug 1;190(3):241-50. doi: 10.1016/s0041-008x(03)00166-2. [Article]

Carriers

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Toxic substance binding
Specific Function
Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
Gene Name
ALB
Uniprot ID
P02768
Uniprot Name
Serum albumin
Molecular Weight
69365.94 Da
References
  1. Tan E, Lu T, Pang KS: Futile cycling of estrone sulfate and estrone in the recirculating perfused rat liver preparation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Apr;297(1):423-36. [Article]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as taurocholate, the prostaglandins PGD2, PGE1, PGE2, leukotriene C4, thromboxane B2 and iloprost.
Gene Name
SLCO2B1
Uniprot ID
O94956
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1
Molecular Weight
76709.98 Da
References
  1. Tamai I, Nozawa T, Koshida M, Nezu J, Sai Y, Tsuji A: Functional characterization of human organic anion transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) in comparison with liver-specific OATP-C. Pharm Res. 2001 Sep;18(9):1262-9. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inducer
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name
ABCB1
Uniprot ID
P08183
Uniprot Name
Multidrug resistance protein 1
Molecular Weight
141477.255 Da
References
  1. Noguchi K, Kawahara H, Kaji A, Katayama K, Mitsuhashi J, Sugimoto Y: Substrate-dependent bidirectional modulation of P-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance by erlotinib. Cancer Sci. 2009 Sep;100(9):1701-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01213.x. Epub 2009 May 12. [Article]
  2. Kim WY, Benet LZ: P-glycoprotein (P-gp/MDR1)-mediated efflux of sex-steroid hormones and modulation of P-gp expression in vitro. Pharm Res. 2004 Jul;21(7):1284-93. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and conjugated (taurocholate) and unconjugated (cholate) bile acids (By similarity). Selectively inhibit...
Gene Name
SLCO1A2
Uniprot ID
P46721
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2
Molecular Weight
74144.105 Da
References
  1. Kanai N, Lu R, Bao Y, Wolkoff AW, Vore M, Schuster VL: Estradiol 17 beta-D-glucuronide is a high-affinity substrate for oatp organic anion transporter. Am J Physiol. 1996 Feb;270(2 Pt 2):F326-31. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
High-capacity urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion. Plays a role in porphyrin homeostasis as it is able to mediates the export of protoporhyrin IX (PPIX) both fro...
Gene Name
ABCG2
Uniprot ID
Q9UNQ0
Uniprot Name
ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2
Molecular Weight
72313.47 Da
References
  1. Imai Y, Tsukahara S, Asada S, Sugimoto Y: Phytoestrogens/flavonoids reverse breast cancer resistance protein/ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance. Cancer Res. 2004 Jun 15;64(12):4346-52. [Article]
  2. Sugimoto Y, Tsukahara S, Imai Y, Sugimoto Y, Ueda K, Tsuruo T: Reversal of breast cancer resistance protein-mediated drug resistance by estrogen antagonists and agonists. Mol Cancer Ther. 2003 Jan;2(1):105-12. [Article]
  3. Suzuki M, Suzuki H, Sugimoto Y, Sugiyama Y: ABCG2 transports sulfated conjugates of steroids and xenobiotics. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 20;278(25):22644-9. Epub 2003 Apr 7. [Article]
  4. Imai Y, Asada S, Tsukahara S, Ishikawa E, Tsuruo T, Sugimoto Y: Breast cancer resistance protein exports sulfated estrogens but not free estrogens. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Sep;64(3):610-8. [Article]
  5. Miwa M, Tsukahara S, Ishikawa E, Asada S, Imai Y, Sugimoto Y: Single amino acid substitutions in the transmembrane domains of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) alter cross resistance patterns in transfectants. Int J Cancer. 2003 Dec 10;107(5):757-63. [Article]
  6. Imai Y, Tsukahara S, Ishikawa E, Tsuruo T, Sugimoto Y: Estrone and 17beta-estradiol reverse breast cancer resistance protein-mediated multidrug resistance. Jpn J Cancer Res. 2002 Mar;93(3):231-5. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions such as pravastatin, taurocholate, methotrexate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone sulfate, prostagland...
Gene Name
SLCO1B1
Uniprot ID
Q9Y6L6
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1
Molecular Weight
76447.99 Da
References
  1. Tamai I, Nozawa T, Koshida M, Nezu J, Sai Y, Tsuji A: Functional characterization of human organic anion transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) in comparison with liver-specific OATP-C. Pharm Res. 2001 Sep;18(9):1262-9. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenad...
Gene Name
SLC22A8
Uniprot ID
Q8TCC7
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 8
Molecular Weight
59855.585 Da
References
  1. FDA Drug Development and Drug Interactions: Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers [Link]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 18, 2024 16:48