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IdentificationPharmacologyInteractionsReferencesTrialsEconomicsPropertiesSpectraTaxonomyIdentification
- Name
- Dinoprostone
- Accession Number
- DB00917 (APRD00927)
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Description
Dinoprostone is a naturally occurring prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). It has important effects in labour. It also stimulates osteoblasts to release factors which stimualtes bone resorption by osteoclasts. As a prescription drug it is used as a vaginal suppository, to prepare the cervix for labour and to induce labour.
- Structure
Structure for Dinoprostone (DB00917)
- Synonyms
- (15S)-prostaglandin E2
- (5Z,11α,13E,15S)-11,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid
- (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate
- (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate
- (E,Z)-(1R,2R,3R)-7-(3-Hydroxy-2-((3S)-(3-hydroxy-1-octenyl))-5-oxocyclopentyl)-5-heptenoic acid
- (Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-((S,E)-3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl)-5-oxocyclopentyl)hept-5-enoic acid
- Dinoproston
- Dinoprostona
- Dinoprostone
- Dinoprostone Prostaglandin E2
- Dinoprostonum
- PGE2
- Prostaglandin E2
- External IDs
- U-12,062 / U-12062
- Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Cervidil Insert, extended release 10 mg/1 Vaginal Forest Laboratories 1995-05-19 2015-12-31 US 
Cervidil Insert 10 mg Vaginal Ferring Pharmaceuticals 1997-06-17 Not applicable Canada 
Cervidil Insert 10 mg/241mg Vaginal Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc. 1995-03-30 Not applicable US Dinoprostone Insert 10 mg/241mg Vaginal Ferring Pharmaceuticals 2014-02-01 Not applicable US Prepidil Gel 0.5 mg/3g Vaginal Pharmacia and Upjohn Company LLC 1992-12-09 Not applicable US Prepidil Gel Gel 0.5 mg Endocervical Pfizer 1990-12-31 Not applicable Canada Prostin E2 Suppository 20 mg/1 Vaginal Pharmacia and Upjohn Company LLC 1978-01-18 Not applicable US Prostin E2 Tablets Tablet 0.5 mg Oral Pfizer 1977-12-31 Not applicable Canada Prostin E2 Vaginal Gel Gel 2 mg Vaginal Pfizer 1991-12-31 Not applicable Canada Prostin E2 Vaginal Gel Gel 1 mg Vaginal Pfizer 1991-12-31 Not applicable Canada - International/Other Brands
- Prepidil / Propess (Ferring Pharmaceuticals) / Prostarmon E (DCPC) / PROSTIN / Prostin E2
- Categories
- Autacoids
- Biological Factors
- Eicosanoids
- Fatty Acids
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
- Genito Urinary System and Sex Hormones
- Inflammation Mediators
- Lipids
- OAT3/SLC22A8 Inhibitors
- OAT3/SLC22A8 Substrates
- OATP1B1/SLCO1B1 Substrates
- OCT2 Inhibitors
- Prostaglandins
- Prostaglandins E
- Prostaglandins, Synthetic
- Reproductive Control Agents
- Uterotonic agents
- UNII
- K7Q1JQR04M
- CAS number
- 363-24-6
- Weight
- Average: 352.4651
Monoisotopic: 352.224974134 - Chemical Formula
- C20H32O5
- InChI Key
- XEYBRNLFEZDVAW-ARSRFYASSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C20H32O5/c1-2-3-6-9-15(21)12-13-17-16(18(22)14-19(17)23)10-7-4-5-8-11-20(24)25/h4,7,12-13,15-17,19,21,23H,2-3,5-6,8-11,14H2,1H3,(H,24,25)/b7-4-,13-12+/t15-,16+,17+,19+/m0/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (5Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid
- SMILES
- CCCCC[C@H](O)\C=C\[C@H]1[C@H](O)CC(=O)[C@@H]1C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O
Pharmacology
- Indication
For the termination of pregnancy during the second trimester (from the 12th through the 20th gestational week as calculated from the first day of the last normal menstrual period), as well as for evacuation of the uterine contents in the management of missed abortion or intrauterine fetal death up to 28 weeks of gestational age as calculated from the first day of the last normal menstrual period. Also used in the management of nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic disease (benign hydatidiform mole). Other indications include improving the cervical inducibility (cervical "ripening") in pregnant women at or near term with a medical or obstetrical need for labor induction, and the management of postpartum hemorrhage.
- Associated Conditions
- Associated Therapies
- Pharmacodynamics
Dinoprostone is equivalent to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). It stimulates labor and delivery by stimulating the uterine, and thus terminates pregnancy. Dinoprostone is also capable of stimulating the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract of man. This activity may be responsible for the vomiting and/or diarrhea that is not uncommon when dinoprostone is used to terminate pregnancy.
- Mechanism of action
Dinoprostone administered intravaginally stimulates the myometrium of the gravid uterus to contract in a manner that is similar to the contractions seen in the term uterus during labor, resulting in the evacuation of the products of conception from the uterus. It is believed that dinoprostone exerts its uterine effects via direct myometrial stimulation, but the exact mechanism of action is unkown. Other suggested mechanisms include the regulation of cellular membrane calcium transport and of intracellular concentrations of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate. Dinoprostone also appears to produce local cervical effects including softening, effacement, and dilation. The exact mechanism of action for this effect is also unknown, but it has been suggested that this effect may be associated with collagen degradation caused by secretion of the enzyme collagenase as a partial response to locally administered dinoprostone.
Target Actions Organism AProstaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype agonistHumans AProstaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype agonistHumans AProstaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype agonistHumans AProstaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype agonistHumans UProstaglandin D2 receptor 2 agonistHumans - Absorption
Absorbed at a rate of 0.3 mg per hour over 12 hours while the vaginal system is in place.
- Volume of distribution
- Not Available
- Protein binding
73%, to albumin
- Metabolism
Rapid metabolism of dinoprostone occurs primarily in the local tissues; any systemic absorption of the medication is cleared mainly in the maternal lungs and, secondarily, at sites such as the liver and kidneys.
- Route of elimination
The major route of elimination of the products of PGE2 metabolism is the kidneys.
- Half life
Less than 5 minutes.
- Clearance
- Not Available
- Toxicity
Oral, mouse: LD50 = 750 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD50 = 500 mg/kg.
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
- Pathways
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction Acetaminophen The excretion of Dinoprostone can be decreased when combined with Acetaminophen. Acetazolamide The excretion of Dinoprostone can be decreased when combined with Acetazolamide. Acetylcholine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dinoprostone is combined with Acetylcholine. Acetylcysteine The excretion of Dinoprostone can be decreased when combined with Acetylcysteine. Acetylsalicylic acid The excretion of Dinoprostone can be decreased when combined with Acetylsalicylic acid. Acyclovir The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dinoprostone is combined with Acyclovir. Adefovir Dipivoxil The excretion of Dinoprostone can be decreased when combined with Adefovir Dipivoxil. Agmatine The serum concentration of Agmatine can be increased when it is combined with Dinoprostone. Allopurinol The excretion of Allopurinol can be decreased when combined with Dinoprostone. Alprostadil The excretion of Alprostadil can be decreased when combined with Dinoprostone. - Food Interactions
- Not Available
References
- Synthesis Reference
Yu-Wen Su, Meng-Hwan Lee, "Composition for inhibiting nitric oxide and/or prostaglandin E2 synthesis and method for inhibiting inflammation." U.S. Patent US20080268078, issued October 30, 2008.
US20080268078- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0001220
- KEGG Drug
- D00079
- KEGG Compound
- C00584
- PubChem Compound
- 5280360
- PubChem Substance
- 46505549
- BindingDB
- 35847
- ChEBI
- 15551
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL548
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000360
- PharmGKB
- PA449345
- IUPHAR
- 1916
- Guide to Pharmacology
- GtP Drug Page
- HET
- P2E
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Dinoprostone
- ATC Codes
- G02AD02 — Dinoprostone
- AHFS Codes
- 76:00.00 — Oxytocics
- PDB Entries
- 3wfh / 6ak3
- MSDS
- Download (69.1 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Pharmacia and upjohn co
- Controlled therapeutics (scotland) ltd
- Packagers
- Controlled Therapeutics Ltd.
- Forest Pharmaceuticals
- Pfizer Inc.
- Pharmacia Inc.
- Dosage forms
Form Route Strength Insert Vaginal 10 mg Insert, extended release Vaginal 10 mg/1 Insert Vaginal 10 mg/241mg Gel Vaginal 0.5 mg/3g Gel Endocervical 0.5 mg Suppository Vaginal 20 mg/1 Tablet Oral 0.5 mg Gel Vaginal 1 mg Gel Vaginal 2 mg - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Prostin e2 vaginal 20 mg sup 1177.04USD each Cervidil 10 mg vaginal insrt 256.13USD each Prepidil 0.5 mg/3 gm gel 104.94USD g DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) US5269321 No 1993-12-14 2012-07-14 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 67 °C PhysProp water solubility 58.1 mg/L Not Available logP 2.82 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.044 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 3.31 ALOGPS logP 3.23 ChemAxon logS -3.9 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 4.3 ChemAxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -1.6 ChemAxon Physiological Charge -1 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 5 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 3 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 94.83 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 12 ChemAxon Refractivity 99.44 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 41 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 1 ChemAxon Bioavailability 1 ChemAxon Rule of Five Yes ChemAxon Ghose Filter Yes ChemAxon Veber's Rule No ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9815 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.8704 Caco-2 permeable + 0.5245 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.5554 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9202 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.8983 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.9064 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8211 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8834 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.5292 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9045 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9502 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9231 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9025 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8309 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9725 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.9387 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.9201 Biodegradation Ready biodegradable 0.6056 Rat acute toxicity 2.9631 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9087 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.9138
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Taxonomy
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as prostaglandins and related compounds. These are unsaturated carboxylic acids consisting of a 20 carbon skeleton that also contains a five member ring, and are based upon the fatty acid arachidonic acid.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Lipids and lipid-like molecules
- Class
- Fatty Acyls
- Sub Class
- Eicosanoids
- Direct Parent
- Prostaglandins and related compounds
- Alternative Parents
- Long-chain fatty acids / Hydroxy fatty acids / Unsaturated fatty acids / Cyclopentanols / Cyclic ketones / Cyclic alcohols and derivatives / Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives
- Substituents
- Prostaglandin skeleton / Long-chain fatty acid / Hydroxy fatty acid / Cyclopentanol / Fatty acid / Unsaturated fatty acid / Cyclic alcohol / Ketone / Cyclic ketone / Secondary alcohol
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic homomonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- prostaglandins E (CHEBI:15551) / Prostaglandins (C00584) / Prostaglandins (LMFA03010003)
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Prostaglandin e receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(s) proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase. The subsequent raise in intracellular cAMP is responsible for the ...
- Gene Name
- PTGER2
- Uniprot ID
- P43116
- Uniprot Name
- Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype
- Molecular Weight
- 39759.945 Da
References
- Baryawno N, Sveinbjornsson B, Eksborg S, Orrego A, Segerstrom L, Oqvist CO, Holm S, Gustavsson B, Kagedal B, Kogner P, Johnsen JI: Tumor-growth-promoting cyclooxygenase-2 prostaglandin E2 pathway provides medulloblastoma therapeutic targets. Neuro Oncol. 2008 Oct;10(5):661-74. doi: 10.1215/15228517-2008-035. Epub 2008 Aug 20. [PubMed:18715952]
- Tamiji J, Crawford DA: Prostaglandin E(2) and misoprostol induce neurite retraction in Neuro-2a cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Jul 30;398(3):450-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.06.098. Epub 2010 Jun 27. [PubMed:20599704]
- Legler DF, Bruckner M, Uetz-von Allmen E, Krause P: Prostaglandin E2 at new glance: novel insights in functional diversity offer therapeutic chances. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2010 Feb;42(2):198-201. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.09.015. Epub 2009 Sep 27. [PubMed:19788928]
- Sugimoto Y, Narumiya S: Prostaglandin E receptors. J Biol Chem. 2007 Apr 20;282(16):11613-7. Epub 2007 Feb 28. [PubMed:17329241]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Prostaglandin e receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(q) proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. May play a role as an importa...
- Gene Name
- PTGER1
- Uniprot ID
- P34995
- Uniprot Name
- Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype
- Molecular Weight
- 41800.655 Da
References
- Baryawno N, Sveinbjornsson B, Eksborg S, Orrego A, Segerstrom L, Oqvist CO, Holm S, Gustavsson B, Kagedal B, Kogner P, Johnsen JI: Tumor-growth-promoting cyclooxygenase-2 prostaglandin E2 pathway provides medulloblastoma therapeutic targets. Neuro Oncol. 2008 Oct;10(5):661-74. doi: 10.1215/15228517-2008-035. Epub 2008 Aug 20. [PubMed:18715952]
- Tamiji J, Crawford DA: Prostaglandin E(2) and misoprostol induce neurite retraction in Neuro-2a cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Jul 30;398(3):450-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.06.098. Epub 2010 Jun 27. [PubMed:20599704]
- Legler DF, Bruckner M, Uetz-von Allmen E, Krause P: Prostaglandin E2 at new glance: novel insights in functional diversity offer therapeutic chances. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2010 Feb;42(2):198-201. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.09.015. Epub 2009 Sep 27. [PubMed:19788928]
- Sugimoto Y, Narumiya S: Prostaglandin E receptors. J Biol Chem. 2007 Apr 20;282(16):11613-7. Epub 2007 Feb 28. [PubMed:17329241]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Rna polymerase ii transcription factor activity, ligand-activated sequence-specific dna binding
- Specific Function
- Receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2); the EP3 receptor may be involved in inhibition of gastric acid secretion, modulation of neurotransmitter release in central and peripheral neurons, inhibition ...
- Gene Name
- PTGER3
- Uniprot ID
- P43115
- Uniprot Name
- Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype
- Molecular Weight
- 43309.335 Da
References
- Baryawno N, Sveinbjornsson B, Eksborg S, Orrego A, Segerstrom L, Oqvist CO, Holm S, Gustavsson B, Kagedal B, Kogner P, Johnsen JI: Tumor-growth-promoting cyclooxygenase-2 prostaglandin E2 pathway provides medulloblastoma therapeutic targets. Neuro Oncol. 2008 Oct;10(5):661-74. doi: 10.1215/15228517-2008-035. Epub 2008 Aug 20. [PubMed:18715952]
- Tamiji J, Crawford DA: Prostaglandin E(2) and misoprostol induce neurite retraction in Neuro-2a cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Jul 30;398(3):450-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.06.098. Epub 2010 Jun 27. [PubMed:20599704]
- Legler DF, Bruckner M, Uetz-von Allmen E, Krause P: Prostaglandin E2 at new glance: novel insights in functional diversity offer therapeutic chances. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2010 Feb;42(2):198-201. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.09.015. Epub 2009 Sep 27. [PubMed:19788928]
- Sugimoto Y, Narumiya S: Prostaglandin E receptors. J Biol Chem. 2007 Apr 20;282(16):11613-7. Epub 2007 Feb 28. [PubMed:17329241]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Prostaglandin e receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(s) proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase. Has a relaxing effect on smooth muscle. May play an important role...
- Gene Name
- PTGER4
- Uniprot ID
- P35408
- Uniprot Name
- Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype
- Molecular Weight
- 53118.845 Da
References
- Wise H: Lack of interaction between prostaglandin E2 receptor subtypes in regulating adenylyl cyclase activity in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 Mar 27;535(1-3):69-77. Epub 2006 Mar 20. [PubMed:16545798]
- Baryawno N, Sveinbjornsson B, Eksborg S, Orrego A, Segerstrom L, Oqvist CO, Holm S, Gustavsson B, Kagedal B, Kogner P, Johnsen JI: Tumor-growth-promoting cyclooxygenase-2 prostaglandin E2 pathway provides medulloblastoma therapeutic targets. Neuro Oncol. 2008 Oct;10(5):661-74. doi: 10.1215/15228517-2008-035. Epub 2008 Aug 20. [PubMed:18715952]
- Tamiji J, Crawford DA: Prostaglandin E(2) and misoprostol induce neurite retraction in Neuro-2a cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Jul 30;398(3):450-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.06.098. Epub 2010 Jun 27. [PubMed:20599704]
- Legler DF, Bruckner M, Uetz-von Allmen E, Krause P: Prostaglandin E2 at new glance: novel insights in functional diversity offer therapeutic chances. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2010 Feb;42(2):198-201. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.09.015. Epub 2009 Sep 27. [PubMed:19788928]
- Sugimoto Y, Narumiya S: Prostaglandin E receptors. J Biol Chem. 2007 Apr 20;282(16):11613-7. Epub 2007 Feb 28. [PubMed:17329241]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Prostaglandin j receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Receptor for prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). Coupled to the G(i)-protein. Receptor activation may result in pertussis toxin-sensitive decreases in cAMP levels and Ca(2+) mobilization. PI3K signaling is al...
- Gene Name
- PTGDR2
- Uniprot ID
- Q9Y5Y4
- Uniprot Name
- Prostaglandin D2 receptor 2
- Molecular Weight
- 43267.15 Da
References
- Wright DH, Metters KM, Abramovitz M, Ford-Hutchinson AW: Characterization of the recombinant human prostanoid DP receptor and identification of L-644,698, a novel selective DP agonist. Br J Pharmacol. 1998 Apr;123(7):1317-24. [PubMed:9579725]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, nad(p)h as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the side-chain cleavage reaction of cholesterol to pregnenolone.
- Gene Name
- CYP11A1
- Uniprot ID
- P05108
- Uniprot Name
- Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 60101.87 Da
References
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Oxygen binding
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the formation of aromatic C18 estrogens from C19 androgens.
- Gene Name
- CYP19A1
- Uniprot ID
- P11511
- Uniprot Name
- Aromatase
- Molecular Weight
- 57882.48 Da
References
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Quaternary ammonium group transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates tubular uptake of organic compounds from circulation. Mediates the influx of agmatine, dopamine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, choline, famotidine, ranitidine, histamin, creat...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A2
- Uniprot ID
- O15244
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 2
- Molecular Weight
- 62579.99 Da
References
- Kimura H, Takeda M, Narikawa S, Enomoto A, Ichida K, Endou H: Human organic anion transporters and human organic cation transporters mediate renal transport of prostaglandins. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Apr;301(1):293-8. [PubMed:11907186]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Acts as a multispecific organic anion pump which can transport nucleotide analogs.
- Gene Name
- ABCC5
- Uniprot ID
- O15440
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5
- Molecular Weight
- 160658.8 Da
References
- Reid G, Wielinga P, Zelcer N, van der Heijden I, Kuil A, de Haas M, Wijnholds J, Borst P: The human multidrug resistance protein MRP4 functions as a prostaglandin efflux transporter and is inhibited by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Aug 5;100(16):9244-9. Epub 2003 Jun 30. [PubMed:12835412]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in the renal elimination of endogenous and exogenous organic anions. Functions as organic anion exchanger when the uptake of one molecule of organic anion is coupled with an efflux of one ...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A6
- Uniprot ID
- Q4U2R8
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 6
- Molecular Weight
- 61815.78 Da
References
- Kimura H, Takeda M, Narikawa S, Enomoto A, Ichida K, Endou H: Human organic anion transporters and human organic cation transporters mediate renal transport of prostaglandins. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Apr;301(1):293-8. [PubMed:11907186]
- Lu R, Chan BS, Schuster VL: Cloning of the human kidney PAH transporter: narrow substrate specificity and regulation by protein kinase C. Am J Physiol. 1999 Feb;276(2 Pt 2):F295-303. [PubMed:9950961]
- Sekine T, Watanabe N, Hosoyamada M, Kanai Y, Endou H: Expression cloning and characterization of a novel multispecific organic anion transporter. J Biol Chem. 1997 Jul 25;272(30):18526-9. [PubMed:9228014]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenad...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A8
- Uniprot ID
- Q8TCC7
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 8
- Molecular Weight
- 59855.585 Da
References
- Kimura H, Takeda M, Narikawa S, Enomoto A, Ichida K, Endou H: Human organic anion transporters and human organic cation transporters mediate renal transport of prostaglandins. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Apr;301(1):293-8. [PubMed:11907186]
- Ohtsuki S, Kikkawa T, Mori S, Hori S, Takanaga H, Otagiri M, Terasaki T: Mouse reduced in osteosclerosis transporter functions as an organic anion transporter 3 and is localized at abluminal membrane of blood-brain barrier. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Jun;309(3):1273-81. Epub 2004 Feb 4. [PubMed:14762099]
- Kobayashi Y, Ohshiro N, Tsuchiya A, Kohyama N, Ohbayashi M, Yamamoto T: Renal transport of organic compounds mediated by mouse organic anion transporter 3 (mOat3): further substrate specificity of mOat3. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 May;32(5):479-83. [PubMed:15100168]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates saturable uptake of estrone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and related compounds.
- Gene Name
- SLC22A11
- Uniprot ID
- Q9NSA0
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 11
- Molecular Weight
- 59970.945 Da
References
- Kimura H, Takeda M, Narikawa S, Enomoto A, Ichida K, Endou H: Human organic anion transporters and human organic cation transporters mediate renal transport of prostaglandins. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Apr;301(1):293-8. [PubMed:11907186]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates sodium-independent multispecific organic anion transport. Transport of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2, tetracycline, bumetanide, estrone sulfate, glutarate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulf...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A7
- Uniprot ID
- Q9Y694
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 7
- Molecular Weight
- 60025.025 Da
References
- Kimura H, Takeda M, Narikawa S, Enomoto A, Ichida K, Endou H: Human organic anion transporters and human organic cation transporters mediate renal transport of prostaglandins. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Apr;301(1):293-8. [PubMed:11907186]
- Kobayashi Y, Ohshiro N, Shibusawa A, Sasaki T, Tokuyama S, Sekine T, Endou H, Yamamoto T: Isolation, characterization and differential gene expression of multispecific organic anion transporter 2 in mice. Mol Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;62(1):7-14. [PubMed:12065749]
- Sekine T, Cha SH, Tsuda M, Apiwattanakul N, Nakajima N, Kanai Y, Endou H: Identification of multispecific organic anion transporter 2 expressed predominantly in the liver. FEBS Lett. 1998 Jun 12;429(2):179-82. [PubMed:9650585]
- Morita N, Kusuhara H, Sekine T, Endou H, Sugiyama Y: Functional characterization of rat organic anion transporter 2 in LLC-PK1 cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Sep;298(3):1179-84. [PubMed:11504818]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Atpase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances
- Specific Function
- May be an organic anion pump relevant to cellular detoxification.
- Gene Name
- ABCC4
- Uniprot ID
- O15439
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4
- Molecular Weight
- 149525.33 Da
References
- Reid G, Wielinga P, Zelcer N, van der Heijden I, Kuil A, de Haas M, Wijnholds J, Borst P: The human multidrug resistance protein MRP4 functions as a prostaglandin efflux transporter and is inhibited by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Aug 5;100(16):9244-9. Epub 2003 Jun 30. [PubMed:12835412]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as taurocholate, the prostaglandins PGD2, PGE1, PGE2, leukotriene C4, thromboxane B2 and iloprost.
- Gene Name
- SLCO2B1
- Uniprot ID
- O94956
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1
- Molecular Weight
- 76709.98 Da
References
- Tamai I, Nezu J, Uchino H, Sai Y, Oku A, Shimane M, Tsuji A: Molecular identification and characterization of novel members of the human organic anion transporter (OATP) family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Jun 24;273(1):251-60. [PubMed:10873595]
- Nishio T, Adachi H, Nakagomi R, Tokui T, Sato E, Tanemoto M, Fujiwara K, Okabe M, Onogawa T, Suzuki T, Nakai D, Shiiba K, Suzuki M, Ohtani H, Kondo Y, Unno M, Ito S, Iinuma K, Nunoki K, Matsuno S, Abe T: Molecular identification of a rat novel organic anion transporter moat1, which transports prostaglandin D(2), leukotriene C(4), and taurocholate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Sep 7;275(3):831-8. [PubMed:10973807]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and conjugated (taurocholate) and unconjugated (cholate) bile acids (By similarity). Selectively inhibit...
- Gene Name
- SLCO1A2
- Uniprot ID
- P46721
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2
- Molecular Weight
- 74144.105 Da
References
- Kullak-Ublick GA, Ismair MG, Stieger B, Landmann L, Huber R, Pizzagalli F, Fattinger K, Meier PJ, Hagenbuch B: Organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) and its functional comparison with three other OATPs of human liver. Gastroenterology. 2001 Feb;120(2):525-33. [PubMed:11159893]
- Cattori V, van Montfoort JE, Stieger B, Landmann L, Meijer DK, Winterhalter KH, Meier PJ, Hagenbuch B: Localization of organic anion transporting polypeptide 4 (Oatp4) in rat liver and comparison of its substrate specificity with Oatp1, Oatp2 and Oatp3. Pflugers Arch. 2001 Nov;443(2):188-95. [PubMed:11713643]
- Kanai N, Lu R, Bao Y, Wolkoff AW, Schuster VL: Transient expression of oatp organic anion transporter in mammalian cells: identification of candidate substrates. Am J Physiol. 1996 Feb;270(2 Pt 2):F319-25. [PubMed:8779893]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Essential component of the Ost-alpha/Ost-beta complex, a heterodimer that acts as the intestinal basolateral transporter responsible for bile acid export from enterocytes into portal blood. Efficie...
- Gene Name
- SLC51A
- Uniprot ID
- Q86UW1
- Uniprot Name
- Organic solute transporter subunit alpha
- Molecular Weight
- 37734.575 Da
References
- Seward DJ, Koh AS, Boyer JL, Ballatori N: Functional complementation between a novel mammalian polygenic transport complex and an evolutionarily ancient organic solute transporter, OSTalpha-OSTbeta. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jul 25;278(30):27473-82. Epub 2003 Apr 28. [PubMed:12719432]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Essential component of the Ost-alpha/Ost-beta complex, a heterodimer that acts as the intestinal basolateral transporter responsible for bile acid export from enterocytes into portal blood. Efficie...
- Gene Name
- SLC51B
- Uniprot ID
- Q86UW2
- Uniprot Name
- Organic solute transporter subunit beta
- Molecular Weight
- 14346.195 Da
References
- Seward DJ, Koh AS, Boyer JL, Ballatori N: Functional complementation between a novel mammalian polygenic transport complex and an evolutionarily ancient organic solute transporter, OSTalpha-OSTbeta. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jul 25;278(30):27473-82. Epub 2003 Apr 28. [PubMed:12719432]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- May mediate the release of newly synthesized prostaglandins from cells, the transepithelial transport of prostaglandins, and the clearance of prostaglandins from the circulation. Transports PGD2, a...
- Gene Name
- SLCO2A1
- Uniprot ID
- Q92959
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1
- Molecular Weight
- 70043.33 Da
References
- Lu R, Kanai N, Bao Y, Schuster VL: Cloning, in vitro expression, and tissue distribution of a human prostaglandin transporter cDNA(hPGT). J Clin Invest. 1996 Sep 1;98(5):1142-9. [PubMed:8787677]
- Kanai N, Lu R, Satriano JA, Bao Y, Wolkoff AW, Schuster VL: Identification and characterization of a prostaglandin transporter. Science. 1995 May 12;268(5212):866-9. [PubMed:7754369]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as the thyroid hormones T3 (triiodo-L-thyronine), T4 (thyroxine) and rT3, and of estrone-3-sulfate and taurocholate.
- Gene Name
- SLCO4A1
- Uniprot ID
- Q96BD0
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1
- Molecular Weight
- 77192.505 Da
References
- Tamai I, Nezu J, Uchino H, Sai Y, Oku A, Shimane M, Tsuji A: Molecular identification and characterization of novel members of the human organic anion transporter (OATP) family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Jun 24;273(1):251-60. [PubMed:10873595]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent high affinity transport of organic anions such as the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and rT3. Other potential substrates, such as triiodothyronine (T3), 17-beta-gluc...
- Gene Name
- SLCO1C1
- Uniprot ID
- Q9NYB5
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1
- Molecular Weight
- 78695.625 Da
References
- Pizzagalli F, Hagenbuch B, Stieger B, Klenk U, Folkers G, Meier PJ: Identification of a novel human organic anion transporting polypeptide as a high affinity thyroxine transporter. Mol Endocrinol. 2002 Oct;16(10):2283-96. [PubMed:12351693]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as estrone-3-sulfate (PubMed:10873595). Mediates transport of prostaglandins (PG) E1 and E2, thyroxine (T4), deltorphin II, BQ-123 an...
- Gene Name
- SLCO3A1
- Uniprot ID
- Q9UIG8
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1
- Molecular Weight
- 76552.135 Da
References
- Tamai I, Nezu J, Uchino H, Sai Y, Oku A, Shimane M, Tsuji A: Molecular identification and characterization of novel members of the human organic anion transporter (OATP) family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Jun 24;273(1):251-60. [PubMed:10873595]
- Adachi H, Suzuki T, Abe M, Asano N, Mizutamari H, Tanemoto M, Nishio T, Onogawa T, Toyohara T, Kasai S, Satoh F, Suzuki M, Tokui T, Unno M, Shimosegawa T, Matsuno S, Ito S, Abe T: Molecular characterization of human and rat organic anion transporter OATP-D. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2003 Dec;285(6):F1188-97. [PubMed:14631946]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions such as pravastatin, taurocholate, methotrexate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone sulfate, prostagland...
- Gene Name
- SLCO1B1
- Uniprot ID
- Q9Y6L6
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1
- Molecular Weight
- 76447.99 Da
References
- Tamai I, Nezu J, Uchino H, Sai Y, Oku A, Shimane M, Tsuji A: Molecular identification and characterization of novel members of the human organic anion transporter (OATP) family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Jun 24;273(1):251-60. [PubMed:10873595]
- Abe T, Kakyo M, Tokui T, Nakagomi R, Nishio T, Nakai D, Nomura H, Unno M, Suzuki M, Naitoh T, Matsuno S, Yawo H: Identification of a novel gene family encoding human liver-specific organic anion transporter LST-1. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jun 11;274(24):17159-63. [PubMed:10358072]
- Kullak-Ublick GA, Ismair MG, Stieger B, Landmann L, Huber R, Pizzagalli F, Fattinger K, Meier PJ, Hagenbuch B: Organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) and its functional comparison with three other OATPs of human liver. Gastroenterology. 2001 Feb;120(2):525-33. [PubMed:11159893]
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on February 18, 2019 20:24