Papaverine

Identification

Summary

Papaverine is an alkaloid used to treat many types of smooth muscle spasms such as "vascular spasms" associated with acute myocardial infarction and angina pectoris, as well as "visceral spasms".

Generic Name
Papaverine
DrugBank Accession Number
DB01113
Background

An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Structure
Weight
Average: 339.385
Monoisotopic: 339.147058165
Chemical Formula
C20H21NO4
Synonyms
  • Papaverina
  • Papaverine

Pharmacology

Indication

For the treatment of impotence and vasospasms.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofVascular spasm••• •••••
Treatment ofVisceral spasms••• •••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Papaverine is a nonxanthine phosphodiesterase inhibitor for the relief of cerebral and peripheral ischemia associated with arterial spasm and myocardial ischemia complicated by arrhythmias. The main actions of Papaverine are exerted on cardiac and smooth muscle. Like qathidine, Papaverine acts directly on the heart muscle to depress conduction and prolong the refractory period. Papaverine relaxes various smooth muscles. This relaxation may be prominent if spasm exists. The muscle cell is not paralyzed by Papaverine and still responds to drugs and other stimuli causing contraction. The antispasmodic effect is a direct one, and unrelated to muscle innervation. Papaverine is practically devoid of effects on the central nervous system. Papaverine relaxes the smooth musculature of the larger blood vessels, especially coronary, systemic peripheral, and pulmonary arteries.

Mechanism of action

Perhaps by its direct vasodilating action on cerebral blood vessels, Papaverine increases cerebral blood flow and decreases cerebral vascular resistance in normal subjects; oxygen consumption is unaltered. These effects may explain the benefit reported from the drug in cerebral vascular encephalopathy.

TargetActionsOrganism
AcAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B
inhibitor
Humans
UcAMP and cAMP-inhibited cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 10A
inhibitor
Humans
UPhosphodiesterase enzymes
inhibitor
Humans
Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

~90%

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

0.5-2 hours

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbaloparatideThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Papaverine is combined with Abaloparatide.
AcebutololThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Papaverine is combined with Acebutolol.
AcrivastineThe risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Acrivastine is combined with Papaverine.
AdenosineThe risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Adenosine is combined with Papaverine.
AjmalineThe risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Ajmaline is combined with Papaverine.
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Papaverine codecarboxylate3RX65N0VN756896-69-6VTJFMXLVZKZSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Papaverine hydrochloride23473EC6BQ61-25-6UOTMYNBWXDUBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Papaverine sulfate7A476JZB2T2053-26-1KYFCEOITJFJQGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International/Other Brands
Alapav / Albatran / Artegodan / Cardioverina / Cerebid / Cerespan / Delapav / Dilaves / Dispamil / Drapavel / Durapav / Dynovas / Mesotina / Myobid / Optenyl / Pameion / Pamelon / Panergon / Papacon / Papalease / Papaversan / Papital T.R. / Paptial T.R. / Pavabid / Pavacap / Pavacen / Pavadel / Pavagen / Pavakey / Pavased / Pavatest / Paverolan / Paveron / Pavnell / Qua Bid / Ro-Papav / Therapav / Vasal / Vaso-Pav
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Papaverine HydrochlorideInjection, solution30 mg/1mLIntravenousAMERICAN REGENT, INC.1995-09-01Not applicableUS flag
Papaverine HydrochlorideInjection, solution30 mg/1mLIntramuscular; IntravenousSandoz2008-12-012008-12-31US flag
Papaverine HydrochlorideInjection, solution30 mg/1mLIntramuscular; IntravenousClaris Lifesciences, Inc.2009-10-072010-11-04US flag
Papaverine HydrochlorideInjection, solution30 mg/1mLIntramuscular; Intravenous; ParenteralBpi Labs Llc2021-07-10Not applicableUS flag
Papaverine HydrochlorideInjection, solution30 mg/1mLIntravenousAMERICAN REGENT, INC.1995-09-012011-08-24US flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
PAPAVERINE HCL 60 MG TABLET, 20 ADETPapaverine (60 mg)TabletOSEL İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.2013-08-27Not applicableTurkey flag
Papaverine HydrochloridePapaverine hydrochloride (30 mg/1mL)Injection, solutionIntravenousAMERICAN REGENT, INC.1995-09-01Not applicableUS flag
Papaverine HydrochloridePapaverine hydrochloride (30 mg/1mL)Injection, solutionIntramuscular; IntravenousSandoz2008-12-012008-12-31US flag
Papaverine HydrochloridePapaverine hydrochloride (30 mg/1mL)Injection, solutionIntramuscular; IntravenousClaris Lifesciences, Inc.2009-10-072010-11-04US flag
Papaverine HydrochloridePapaverine hydrochloride (30 mg/1mL)Injection, solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; ParenteralBpi Labs Llc2021-07-10Not applicableUS flag

Categories

ATC Codes
G04BE02 — PapaverineA03AD01 — PapaverineG04BE52 — Papaverine, combinations
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzylisoquinolines. These are organic compounds containing an isoquinoline to which a benzyl group is attached.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organoheterocyclic compounds
Class
Isoquinolines and derivatives
Sub Class
Benzylisoquinolines
Direct Parent
Benzylisoquinolines
Alternative Parents
Dimethoxybenzenes / Phenoxy compounds / Anisoles / Alkyl aryl ethers / Pyridines and derivatives / Heteroaromatic compounds / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Hydrocarbon derivatives
Substituents
Alkyl aryl ether / Anisole / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Benzylisoquinoline / Dimethoxybenzene / Ether / Heteroaromatic compound / Hydrocarbon derivative
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, dimethoxybenzene, isoquinolines (CHEBI:28241) / Isoquinoline alkaloids (C06533)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
DAA13NKG2Q
CAS number
58-74-2
InChI Key
XQYZDYMELSJDRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C20H21NO4/c1-22-17-6-5-13(10-18(17)23-2)9-16-15-12-20(25-4)19(24-3)11-14(15)7-8-21-16/h5-8,10-12H,9H2,1-4H3
IUPAC Name
1-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline
SMILES
COC1=C(OC)C=C(CC2=NC=CC3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C23)C=C1

References

General References
  1. Tang Y, Luan J, Zhang X: Accelerating tissue expansion by application of topical papaverine cream. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004 Oct;114(5):1166-9. [Article]
  2. Liu JK, Couldwell WT: Intra-arterial papaverine infusions for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm induced by aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care. 2005;2(2):124-32. [Article]
  3. Takeuchi K, Sakamoto S, Nagayoshi Y, Nishizawa H, Matsubara J: Reactivity of the human internal thoracic artery to vasodilators in coronary artery bypass grafting. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2004 Nov;26(5):956-9. [Article]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0015245
KEGG Drug
D07425
KEGG Compound
C06533
PubChem Compound
4680
PubChem Substance
46508003
ChemSpider
4518
BindingDB
14754
RxNav
7895
ChEBI
28241
ChEMBL
CHEMBL19224
ZINC
ZINC000000056555
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000959
PharmGKB
PA164745550
PDBe Ligand
EV1
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Papaverine
PDB Entries
2wey / 7dls / 7n53 / 7uqm
MSDS
Download (74.4 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedOtherRenal Cancer1
4CompletedPreventionAnesthesia therapy / Pediatric / Vasospasm1
3TerminatedTreatmentGastroenteritis1
2CompletedSupportive CareProstate Cancer1
2RecruitingPreventionRadial Artery Spasm1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
  • Allergy Laboratories Inc.
  • Amend
  • American Regent
  • A-S Medication Solutions LLC
  • Ben Venue Laboratories Inc.
  • C.O. Truxton Inc.
  • Claris Lifesciences Inc.
  • Dispensing Solutions
  • Ebewe Pharma
  • Eon Labs
  • Hope Pharmaceuticals
  • Kaiser Foundation Hospital
  • Luitpold Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Major Pharmaceuticals
  • Meridian Medical Technologies Inc.
  • Physicians Total Care Inc.
  • Qualitest
  • Taylor Pharmaceuticals
  • Time-Cap Labs
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Tablet, coatedOral
InjectionIntramuscular; Intravenous40 MG/ML
Injection, solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous0.04 gr
Injection, solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous0.05 gr
Injection, solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous0.06 gr
Injection, solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous40 mg/2ml
Injection, solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous50 mg/2ml
Injection, solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous60 mg/2ml
Injection, solutionIntra-arterial; Intramuscular; Intravenous
Injection, solution30 MG/2ML
Injection, solution50 MG/3ML
Granule
Injection, solution
Capsule
Tablet
Tablet60 mg
InjectionIntramuscular; Intravenous40 mg
InjectionIntramuscular; Intravenous30 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous30 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Parenteral30 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionIntravenous30 mg/1mL
LiquidIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous65 mg / 2 mL
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Papaverine 150 mg capsule sa1.86USD capsule
Papaverine 60 mg/2 ml vial1.68USD ml
Papaverine hcl powder0.76USD g
Para-time 150 mg capsule sa0.23USD capsule
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)226 (dec) °CPhysProp
logP3Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0129 mg/mLALOGPS
logP4.19ALOGPS
logP3.08Chemaxon
logS-4.4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)6.03Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area49.81 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count6Chemaxon
Refractivity95.52 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability36.57 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings3Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9911
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9633
Caco-2 permeable+0.8866
P-glycoprotein substrateNon-substrate0.5389
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.6485
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.8005
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.7229
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.796
CYP450 2D6 substrateSubstrate0.8918
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.6263
CYP450 1A2 substrateInhibitor0.9107
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9071
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorInhibitor0.8448
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorInhibitor0.778
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorInhibitor0.7959
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityHigh CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.8558
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.689
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.9503
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9262
Rat acute toxicity2.9877 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9329
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.7274
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-05fs-0279000000-6a8c8886127d693c8567
GC-MS Spectrum - EI-BGC-MSsplash10-0079-4569000000-42d74df972bf1280fb29
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-0009000000-376bdab66f9ada8143f2
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0f6x-0049000000-fbf8945b1b40a8e629ff
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-0779000000-37837168aff5cb2db6db
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-0019000000-175d5d7601656bade9be
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00dl-0569000000-1f7e7c97dcea64bf274a
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-0009000000-3079b861cbee5aac80f2
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-0009000000-d6e253da2994fca4e395
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-0119000000-3b00f464bc77b59d9a84
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-0925000000-a2b876cc26fd2234d3b5
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0079-0911000000-430ab98bf1bcc9c408d2
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-052o-1490000000-34ea3ae816c94f7ec1a9
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-192.1531847
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-190.2511847
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-184.15309
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+192.2999847
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+190.5551847
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+186.56778
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+192.4778847
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+190.3901847
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+194.78093
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Metal ion binding
Specific Function
Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes. May be involved in mediating central nervous system effects of therapeutic agents ranging f...
Gene Name
PDE4B
Uniprot ID
Q07343
Uniprot Name
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B
Molecular Weight
83342.695 Da
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
  3. Xin ZC, Kim EK, Lin CS, Liu WJ, Tian L, Yuan YM, Fu J: Effects of icariin on cGMP-specific PDE5 and cAMP-specific PDE4 activities. Asian J Androl. 2003 Mar;5(1):15-8. [Article]
  4. Zhu S, Gan Z, Li Z, Liu Y, Yang X, Deng P, Xie Y, Yu M, Liao H, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Liao F: The measurement of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 4 activities via the quantification of inorganic phosphate with malachite green. Anal Chim Acta. 2009 Mar 16;636(1):105-10. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.01.035. Epub 2009 Jan 22. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Metal ion binding
Specific Function
Plays a role in signal transduction by regulating the intracellular concentration of cyclic nucleotides. Can hydrolyze both cAMP and cGMP, but has higher affinity for cAMP and is more efficient wit...
Gene Name
PDE10A
Uniprot ID
Q9Y233
Uniprot Name
cAMP and cAMP-inhibited cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 10A
Molecular Weight
88411.71 Da
References
  1. Weber M, Breier M, Ko D, Thangaraj N, Marzan DE, Swerdlow NR: Evaluating the antipsychotic profile of the preferential PDE10A inhibitor, papaverine. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2009 May;203(4):723-35. doi: 10.1007/s00213-008-1419-x. Epub 2008 Dec 9. [Article]
Kind
Protein group
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Metal ion binding
Specific Function
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase with a dual-specificity for the second messengers cAMP and cGMP, which are key regulators of many important physiological processes. Has a preference for cGMP as...

Components:
References
  1. Uckert S, Stief CG, Lietz B, Burmester M, Jonas U, Machtens SA: Possible role of bioactive peptides in the regulation of human detrusor smooth muscle - functional effects in vitro and immunohistochemical presence. World J Urol. 2002 Sep;20(4):244-9. doi: 10.1007/s00345-002-0287-y. Epub 2002 Jul 23. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 18, 2024 16:48