Ceftriaxone

Identification

Summary

Ceftriaxone is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic used for the treatment of bacterial infections in various locations, such as in the respiratory tract, skin, soft tissue, and urinary tract.

Brand Names
Rocephin
Generic Name
Ceftriaxone
DrugBank Accession Number
DB01212
Background

Ceftriaxone is a broad-spectrum third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.1 It has a very long half-life compared to other cephalosporins and is high penetrable into the meninges1, eyes9, and inner ear6. Ceftriaxone has broader and stronger gram-negative coverage then first or second-generation cephalosporins, but worse activity against methicillin-susceptible S.aureus. Ceftriaxone is a commonly used antimicrobial due to its good activity against multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae, its relatively safe adverse effect profile, and its long half-life which allows for the convenience of daily or twice-daily dosing.1

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 554.58
Monoisotopic: 554.04605704
Chemical Formula
C18H18N8O7S3
Synonyms
  • Ceftriaxona
  • Ceftriaxone
  • Ceftriaxonum
  • Rocephin
External IDs
  • DRG-0071
  • Ro 139904

Pharmacology

Indication

Ceftriaxone is used for the treatment of the infections (respiratory, skin, soft tissue, UTI, ENT) caused by susceptible organisms.11 Organisms that are generally susceptible to ceftriaxone include S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes (group A beta-hemolytic streptococci), coagulase-negative staphylococci, Some Enterobacter spp, H. influenzae, N. gonorrhoeae, P. mirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella spp, M. catarrhalis, B. burgdorferi, and some oral anaerobes.1

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofAcute bacterial rhinosinusitis••• •••••
Treatment ofArthritis gonococcal••• •••••
Treatment ofBacterial endocarditis••• •••••
Prophylaxis ofBacterial endocarditis••• •••••
Treatment ofBacterial infections••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Ceftriaxone is a cephalosporin/cephamycin beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms.11 Ceftriaxone has in vitro activity against gram-positive aerobic, gram-negative aerobic, and anaerobic bacteria.12 The bactericidal activity of ceftriaxone results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and is mediated through ceftriaxone binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs).10 Ceftriaxone is stable against hydrolysis by a variety of beta-lactamases, including penicillinases, and cephalosporinases and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.11 However, resistance to ceftriaxone usually occurs through beta-lactamase hydrolysis, altered PBPs, or reduced bacterial cell permeability.10 Ceftriaxone should not be mixed with or giving in the same IV line as diluents/products containing calcium as they may cause ceftriaxone to precipitate.11 Ceftriaxone use may also cause biliary sludge or gallbladder pseudolithiasis.11,2

Mechanism of action

Ceftriaxone works by inhibiting the mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall.10,11 The beta-lactam moiety of ceftriaxone binds to carboxypeptidases, endopeptidases, and transpeptidases in the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. These enzymes are involved in cell-wall synthesis and cell division. Binding of ceftriaxone to these enzymes causes the enzyme to lose activity; therefore, the bacteria produce defective cell walls, causing cell death.

TargetActionsOrganism
APenicillin-binding protein 2B
inhibitor
Streptococcus pneumoniae (strain ATCC BAA-255 / R6)
USolute carrier family 22 member 11Not AvailableHumans
USolute carrier family 22 member 6Not AvailableHumans
USolute carrier family 22 member 8Not AvailableHumans
USolute carrier family 15 member 1Not AvailableHumans
Absorption

Ceftriaxone is only given as an injection, either intramuscularly or intravenously.11 Ceftriaxone is less than 1% bioavailable if given orally.3

Volume of distribution

The apparent volume of distribution of an intravenous or intramuscular dose in healthy patients is 5.78 to 13.5 L.11 The volume of distribution of an intravenous or intramuscular dose in septic patients is 6.48 to 35.2 L.4 Ceftriaxone has good enough CSF penetration to be used as an effective treatment of bacterial meningitis.5

Protein binding

Ceftriaxone is 95% protein bound.11

Metabolism

Metabolism of ceftriaxone is negligible.

Route of elimination

Ceftriaxone is primarily eliminated in the urine (33-67%).11 The remainder is eliminated through secretion in the bile and removed from the body via the feces.

Half-life

The elimination half-life of ceftriaxone is 5.8-8.7 hours.11 The half-life of ceftriaxone in the middle ear fluid has been estimated to be 25 hours.11,6

Clearance

The plasma clearance of ceftriaxone in healthy adults receiving a 0.15-3g dose is 0.58 to 1.45 L/hour.11 The renal clearance of ceftriaxone is 0.32 to 0.73 L/hour.11 In intensive care unit patients, ceftriaxone's total drug clearance was 0.96L/h (0.55-1.28 L/h), and unbound drug clearance was 1.91 L/h (1.46-6.20 L/h).7

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Ceftriaxone overdose may increase the risk of urolithiasis and subsequent post-renal acute renal failure (PARF).8 Other symptoms of overdose unavailable in the literature. However, they are likely similar to the adverse effects of the medication. If overdose of ceftriaxone occurs, treat with symptomatic and supportive treatment, as ceftriaxone levels will not be reduced by dialysis.11

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbacavirCeftriaxone may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level.
AbciximabThe therapeutic efficacy of Abciximab can be decreased when used in combination with Ceftriaxone.
AcamprosateThe excretion of Acamprosate can be decreased when combined with Ceftriaxone.
AceclofenacThe risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Ceftriaxone is combined with Aceclofenac.
AcemetacinThe risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Ceftriaxone is combined with Acemetacin.
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Ceftriaxone sodium023Z5BR09K104376-79-6PMRZKYOXTPBIQF-MAODNAKNSA-J
International/Other Brands
Acantex (Roche) / Biotrakson (Bioton) / Rocephine (Roche)
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Ceftriaxone and DextroseInjection, solution2 g/50mLIntravenousB. Braun Medical Inc.2005-04-20Not applicableUS flag
Ceftriaxone and DextroseInjection, solution1 g/50mLIntravenousB. Braun Medical Inc.2005-04-20Not applicableUS flag
Ceftriaxone for InjectionPowder, for solution10 g / vialIntramuscular; IntravenousFresenius KabiNot applicableNot applicableCanada flag
Ceftriaxone for InjectionPowder, for solution100 g / bagIntravenousFresenius Kabi2014-06-05Not applicableCanada flag
Ceftriaxone for InjectionPowder, for solution250 mg / vialIntramuscular; IntravenousFresenius KabiNot applicableNot applicableCanada flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
CeftriaxoneInjection, powder, for solution250 mg/1Intramuscular; IntravenousREMEDYREPACK INC.2018-03-212018-03-21US flag
CeftriaxoneInjection, powder, for solution10 g/100mLIntravenousHikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.2009-08-06Not applicableUS flag
CeftriaxoneInjection, powder, for solution1 g/1IntramuscularRemedy Repack2011-12-152014-07-11US flag
CeftriaxoneInjection, powder, for solution100 mg/1mLIntravenousApotex Corporation2005-08-022017-04-30US flag
CeftriaxoneInjection, powder, for solution1 g/1IntravenousRemedy Repack2015-04-222016-07-08US flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
AXTAR®1G POLVO ESTERIL PARA INYECCIONCeftriaxone (1.106 g) + Lidocaine (12.33 mg)Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscularGRUPO UNIPHARM S.A. Y/O LABORATORIOS UNI S.A.2006-11-10Not applicableColombia flag
Easy-Ceft 1gCeftriaxone sodium (1 g/1) + Isopropyl alcohol (0.7 mL/1mL)KitIntramuscular; Intravenous; TopicalAmerican Health RX, LLC2021-06-15Not applicableUS flag
ROCEPHIN VIAL 1G IMCeftriaxone (1 g) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (1 %)Injection, solutionIntramuscularROCHE (MALAYSIA) SDN. BHD.2020-09-08Not applicableMalaysia flag
ROCEPHIN VIAL 250MG IMCeftriaxone (250 mg) + Lidocaine (1 %)InjectionIntramuscularROCHE (MALAYSIA) SDN. BHD.2020-09-08Not applicableMalaysia flag
SEFABEL 0.5 G I.M. ENJEKSIYONLUK ÇÖZELTI HAZIRLAMAK IÇIN KURU TOZ IÇEREN FLAKON ,1 ADETCeftriaxone sodium (500 mg) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (1 %)Injection, solutionIntramuscularNOBEL İLAÇ PAZARLAMA VE SAN. LTD. ŞTİ.2014-04-01Not applicableTurkey flag

Categories

ATC Codes
J01DD04 — CeftriaxoneJ01DD54 — Ceftriaxone, combinations
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cephalosporins. These are compounds containing a 1,2-thiazine fused to a 2-azetidinone to for a oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid moiety or a derivative thereof.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organoheterocyclic compounds
Class
Lactams
Sub Class
Beta lactams
Direct Parent
Cephalosporins
Alternative Parents
N-acyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives / 2,4-disubstituted thiazoles / Alkylarylthioethers / 1,2,4-triazines / 1,3-thiazines / 2-amino-1,3-thiazoles / Tertiary carboxylic acid amides / Heteroaromatic compounds / Secondary carboxylic acid amides / Amino acids
show 12 more
Substituents
1,2,4-triazine / 1,3-thiazol-2-amine / 2,4-disubstituted 1,3-thiazole / Alkylarylthioether / Alpha-amino acid or derivatives / Amine / Amino acid / Amino acid or derivatives / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Aryl thioether
show 29 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
cephalosporin, 1,3-thiazole, oxime O-ether, 1,2,4-triazines (CHEBI:29007) / Cephems (C06683)
Affected organisms
  • Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • Escherichia coli
  • Salmonella typhi

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
75J73V1629
CAS number
73384-59-5
InChI Key
VAAUVRVFOQPIGI-SPQHTLEESA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C18H18N8O7S3/c1-25-18(22-12(28)13(29)23-25)36-4-6-3-34-15-9(14(30)26(15)10(6)16(31)32)21-11(27)8(24-33-2)7-5-35-17(19)20-7/h5,9,15H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H2,19,20)(H,21,27)(H,23,29)(H,31,32)/b24-8-/t9-,15-/m1/s1
IUPAC Name
(6R,7R)-7-[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido]-3-{[(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl}-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
SMILES
[H][C@]12SCC(CSC3=NC(=O)C(=O)NN3C)=C(N1C(=O)[C@H]2NC(=O)C(=N/OC)\C1=CSC(N)=N1)C(O)=O

References

Synthesis Reference

Monguzzi Riccardo, Menaspace Silvano, Anzaghi Piergiorgio, "Process for the preparation of ceftriaxone." U.S. Patent US5026843, issued November, 1984.

US5026843
General References
  1. Richards DM, Heel RC, Brogden RN, Speight TM, Avery GS: Ceftriaxone. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacological properties and therapeutic use. Drugs. 1984 Jun;27(6):469-527. doi: 10.2165/00003495-198427060-00001. [Article]
  2. Park HZ, Lee SP, Schy AL: Ceftriaxone-associated gallbladder sludge. Identification of calcium-ceftriaxone salt as a major component of gallbladder precipitate. Gastroenterology. 1991 Jun;100(6):1665-70. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(91)90667-a. [Article]
  3. Lee S, Kim SK, Lee DY, Chae SY, Byun Y: Pharmacokinetics of a new, orally available ceftriaxone formulation in physical complexation with a cationic analogue of bile acid in rats. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 May;50(5):1869-71. doi: 10.1128/AAC.50.5.1869-1871.2006. [Article]
  4. Garot D, Respaud R, Lanotte P, Simon N, Mercier E, Ehrmann S, Perrotin D, Dequin PF, Le Guellec C: Population pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in critically ill septic patients: a reappraisal. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2011 Nov;72(5):758-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04005.x. [Article]
  5. Rockowitz J, Tunkel AR: Bacterial meningitis. Practical guidelines for management. Drugs. 1995 Nov;50(5):838-53. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199550050-00005. [Article]
  6. Gudnason T, Gudbrandsson F, Barsanti F, Kristinsson KG: Penetration of ceftriaxone into the middle ear fluid of children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998 Mar;17(3):258-60. doi: 10.1097/00006454-199803000-00022. [Article]
  7. Schleibinger M, Steinbach CL, Topper C, Kratzer A, Liebchen U, Kees F, Salzberger B, Kees MG: Protein binding characteristics and pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in intensive care unit patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Sep;80(3):525-33. doi: 10.1111/bcp.12636. Epub 2015 Jun 11. [Article]
  8. Shen-Hua W, Fan-Yi M, Qing-Ling Z, Li-Na Z, Li-Jun M: Ceftriaxone-associated renal toxicity in adults: a case report and recommendations for the management of such cases. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2016 Jun;41(3):348-350. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.12358. Epub 2016 Feb 23. [Article]
  9. Gobeaux D, Ambart L, Couderc JL, Renard PH, De Charnace B, Lokiec F: Ceftriaxone diffusion from blood to aqueous humour in man. Br J Ophthalmol. 1989 Jul;73(7):574-5. doi: 10.1136/bjo.73.7.574. [Article]
  10. Sivapalasingam S., Steigbigel N. (2015). Mandell, Douglas and Bennett's Principles and practice of infectious diseases (8th ed.). Elsevier.
  11. DailyMed Label: ceftriaxone sodium injection, powder for solution [Link]
  12. FDA: Ceftriaxone - Injection products [Link]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0015343
KEGG Drug
D07659
KEGG Compound
C06683
PubChem Compound
5479530
PubChem Substance
46506458
ChemSpider
4586394
BindingDB
50103601
RxNav
2193
ChEBI
29007
ChEMBL
CHEMBL161
ZINC
ZINC000028467879
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000145
PharmGKB
PA448866
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Ceftriaxone
FDA label
Download (211 KB)
MSDS
Download (53.3 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedHealth Services ResearchMeningitis / Neurological Infections1
4CompletedOtherAcute Tubulo-Interstitial Nephritis1
4CompletedPreventionCirrhosis of the Liver1
4CompletedPreventionGastric and Esophageal Varices / Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage1
4CompletedPreventionKidney Stones / Urinary Tract Infection1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
  • American Regent
  • Apotex Inc.
  • APP Pharmaceuticals
  • A-S Medication Solutions LLC
  • Aurobindo Pharma Ltd.
  • B. Braun Melsungen AG
  • Baxter International Inc.
  • Bedford Labs
  • Biopharma SRL
  • Cardinal Health
  • Cephazone Pharma LLC
  • Cura Pharmaceutical Co. Inc.
  • Dispensing Solutions
  • F Hoffmann La Roche Ltd.
  • F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.
  • GlaxoSmithKline Inc.
  • Hanmi Fine Chemical Co. Ltd.
  • Hikma Pharmaceuticals
  • Hospira Inc.
  • Lupin Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Medisca Inc.
  • Orchid Healthcare
  • Patheon Inc.
  • PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Pfizer Inc.
  • Physicians Total Care Inc.
  • Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Rebel Distributors Corp.
  • Sagent Pharmaceuticals
  • Sandoz
  • Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
  • West-Ward Pharmaceuticals
  • Wockhardt Ltd.
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
SolutionParenteral596.490 mg
SolutionParenteral596.487 mg
SolutionIntravenous1.000 g
Powder, for solution2 G
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous1 g
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Parenteral1 G/3.5ML
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Parenteral500 MG/2ML
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous; Parenteral1000 MG/10ML
Injection, powder, for solution1000 mg
Injection, solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous0.5 g
Injection, solutionIntramuscular1 g
Injection, solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous1 g
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular1 G/3.5ML
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous; Parenteral1 G/10ML
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous500 mg/5ml
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular1 gr
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous1 gr
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular250 mg
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous250 mg
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous500 mg
Injection, solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular0.5 g
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous0.5 g
SolutionIntramuscular
SolutionIntravenous0.500 g
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular1 g
Injection, powder, for solution250 MG
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous250 mg
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous500 mg
Injection, powder, for solutionParenteral0.5 g
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous2 gr
Injection, powder, for solutionParenteral250 mg
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous100000 g
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous1.184 g
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous
Injection, powder, for suspensionParenteral1 g
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous1 g
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular1 g/1
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular250 mg/1
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous1 g/10mL
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous2 g/1
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous250 mg/1
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous1 g/1
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous10 g/100mL
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous10 g/1
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous100 g/1
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous100 mg/1mL
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous2 g/1
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous100 mg/1mL
Powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous1 g/1
Powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous2 g/1
Powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous250 mg/1
Powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous500 mg/1
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Parenteral250 MG/2ML
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous1.0 g
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous2.0 g
Injection, powder, for solutionParenteral1 G/10ML
Powder, for solutionParenteral2 G
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Parenteral250 MG
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Parenteral500 MG
Powder, for solutionIntravenous100 g / bag
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular250 MG/2ML
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular500 MG/2ML
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous1 G/10ML
SolutionIntravenous1000 mg / 50 mL
SolutionIntravenous2000 mg / 50 mL
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous2000 mg/bottle
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous500 mg/vial
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous1000 mg/vial
Injection, powder, for solutionParenteral1 G
Injection, powder, for solutionParenteral2 G
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous1 g/1
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous500 mg/1
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous500 mg/1
Powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous0.25 g / vial
Powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous10 g / vial
Powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous1 g / vial
Powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous2 g / vial
Powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous250 mg / vial
Powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous500 mg / vial
Powder, for solutionIntravenous10 g / vial
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous2 g
Injection
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous1 g
Injection, powder, for solution
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous
Powder, for solution
Injection, solutionIntramuscular0.5 g
InjectionIntravenous0.5 g
SolutionIntravenous2 g
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular100000 g
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular500 mg
KitIntramuscular; Intravenous; Topical
InjectionIntramuscular; Intravenous
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular0.5 gr
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous0.5 gr
Injection; injection, powder, for solution1 g
Injection, powder, for solution1 g
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous1000.0 mg
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous2000.0 mg
Injection, powder, for solutionParenteral
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous1000 mg
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous2000 mg
InjectionIntramuscular1000 mg
InjectionIntravenous1000 mg
InjectionIntramuscular250 mg
InjectionIntramuscular500 mg
InjectionIntramuscular0.5 g/2ml
InjectionIntravenous0.5 g/5ml
InjectionIntravenous1 g/10ml
InjectionIntramuscular1 g/3.5ml
InjectionIntravenous2 g
Powder2 G
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous; Parenteral500 MG/5ML
Injection1 g
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Parenteral1 MG/3.5ML
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Parenteral1 G
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous; Parenteral250 MG/5ML
Powder1 G
Injection, powder, for solutionParenteral500 mg
Injection, solutionIntravenous1 g/50mL
Injection, solutionIntravenous2 g/50mL
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular1 g/vial
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous1 g/vial
SolutionIntramuscular1.000 g
Powder, for solutionIntravenous1 g / vial
Injection, solutionIntramuscular
InjectionIntravenous1 g
InjectionIntravenous250 mg
InjectionIntravenous
InjectionIntramuscular
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous
Injection, solutionIntravenous2 g
Injection, solutionIntravenous0.5 g
Injection, solutionIntravenous1 g
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous; Parenteral1 G
Powder
SolutionIntramuscular500.00 g
SolutionIntravenous500 mg
SolutionParenteral1.000 g
Injection, solutionIntramuscular
Injection, solutionIntravenous
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous0.25 g
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous0.5 g
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous2 g
SolutionParenteral1.079 g
InjectionIntramuscular; Intravenous1 g
SolutionIntramuscular500 mg
InjectionIntramuscular; Intravenous250 MG
InjectionIntramuscular; Intravenous1 gr
InjectionIntramuscular; Intravenous0.5 gr
Injection1000 MG
Injection500 MG
Injection, powder, for solution2 G
Injection, powder, for solution500 MG
SolutionIntravenous595.000 mg
SolutionParenteral
Injection, powder, for solution250 mg/1vial
Injection, powder, for solution500 mg/1vial
Powder500 mg/1vial
Powder250 mg/1vial
Powder
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Rocephin 10 gm vial478.32USD vial
Rocephin 2 gm vial97.5USD vial
Ceftriaxone 2 gm piggyback94.17USD each
Rocephin 1 gm Solution Vial65.53USD vial
Rocephin 1 gm vial62.02USD vial
Ceftriaxone For Injection Usp 2 g/vial49.13USD vial
Ceftriaxone 1 gm piggyback47.91USD each
Rocephin 1 g/vial40.2USD vial
Ceftriaxone 10 gm vial36.25USD vial
Ceftriaxone 2 gm-d5w bag27.84USD each
Ceftriaxone For Injection Usp 1 g/vial24.93USD vial
Chloromycetin 1 g/vial20.33USD vial
Ceftriaxone 2 gm vial17.04USD vial
Ceftriaxone 1 gm-d5w bag13.92USD each
Rocephin 0.25 g/vial12.71USD vial
Ceftriaxone For Injection Usp 0.25 g/vial7.88USD vial
Ceftriaxone 1 gm vial7.56USD vial
Ceftriaxone sodium powder1.84USD g
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Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)>155 °CNot Available
logP-1.7Not Available
Caco2 permeability-6.88ADME Research, USCD
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.105 mg/mLALOGPS
logP-0.01ALOGPS
logP-1.9Chemaxon
logS-3.7ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)2.7Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)3.36Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-2Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count12Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count4Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area208.98 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count8Chemaxon
Refractivity128.47 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability51.47 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings4Chemaxon
Bioavailability0Chemaxon
Rule of FiveNoChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption-0.952
Blood Brain Barrier-0.9748
Caco-2 permeable-0.8957
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.726
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.8942
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IIInhibitor0.5293
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.8024
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.7943
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.8172
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.5374
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.7538
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7088
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8666
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7034
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorInhibitor0.6432
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityHigh CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.5509
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.7336
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.8392
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9968
Rat acute toxicity2.1681 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9865
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.6145
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0a4i-0924040000-11c1c4ec5dc051494298
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4l-0144090000-da5804f54001e3637495
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-2290000000-605849a1f925bb0dfd9b
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-08fu-0294140000-b144424a25b6cc6edf30
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0bt9-1900000000-703aa4fae0bf3e9a8cc5
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00fr-3900000000-2bef4989b9ee82032452
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-06vl-0654960000-fd88955b80fc20428e63
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-231.4101087
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-214.6093087
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-218.3416
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+230.9318087
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+213.4504087
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+220.73717
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+230.9912087
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+215.0078087
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+226.64981
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Streptococcus pneumoniae (strain ATCC BAA-255 / R6)
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Not Available
Specific Function
Penicillin binding
Gene Name
penA
Uniprot ID
P0A3M6
Uniprot Name
Penicillin-binding protein 2B
Molecular Weight
73872.305 Da
References
  1. Tomberg J, Unemo M, Davies C, Nicholas RA: Molecular and structural analysis of mosaic variants of penicillin-binding protein 2 conferring decreased susceptibility to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: role of epistatic mutations. Biochemistry. 2010 Sep 21;49(37):8062-70. doi: 10.1021/bi101167x. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates saturable uptake of estrone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and related compounds.
Gene Name
SLC22A11
Uniprot ID
Q9NSA0
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 11
Molecular Weight
59970.945 Da
References
  1. Takeda M, Babu E, Narikawa S, Endou H: Interaction of human organic anion transporters with various cephalosporin antibiotics. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002 Mar 8;438(3):137-42. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Involved in the renal elimination of endogenous and exogenous organic anions. Functions as organic anion exchanger when the uptake of one molecule of organic anion is coupled with an efflux of one ...
Gene Name
SLC22A6
Uniprot ID
Q4U2R8
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 6
Molecular Weight
61815.78 Da
References
  1. Takeda M, Babu E, Narikawa S, Endou H: Interaction of human organic anion transporters with various cephalosporin antibiotics. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002 Mar 8;438(3):137-42. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenad...
Gene Name
SLC22A8
Uniprot ID
Q8TCC7
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 8
Molecular Weight
59855.585 Da
References
  1. Takeda M, Babu E, Narikawa S, Endou H: Interaction of human organic anion transporters with various cephalosporin antibiotics. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002 Mar 8;438(3):137-42. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Proton-dependent oligopeptide secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Proton-coupled intake of oligopeptides of 2 to 4 amino acids with a preference for dipeptides. May constitute a major route for the absorption of protein digestion end-products.
Gene Name
SLC15A1
Uniprot ID
P46059
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 15 member 1
Molecular Weight
78805.265 Da
References
  1. Luckner P, Brandsch M: Interaction of 31 beta-lactam antibiotics with the H+/peptide symporter PEPT2: analysis of affinity constants and comparison with PEPT1. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2005 Jan;59(1):17-24. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inducer
General Function
Manganese ion binding
Specific Function
This enzyme has 2 functions: it catalyzes the production of glutamine and 4-aminobutanoate (gamma-aminobutyric acid, GABA), the latter in a pyridoxal phosphate-independent manner (By similarity). E...
Gene Name
GLUL
Uniprot ID
P15104
Uniprot Name
Glutamine synthetase
Molecular Weight
42064.15 Da
References
  1. Tumani H, Smirnov A, Barchfeld S, Olgemoller U, Maier K, Lange P, Bruck W, Nau R: Inhibition of glutamine synthetase in rabbit pneumococcal meningitis is associated with neuronal apoptosis in the dentate gyrus. Glia. 2000 Mar;30(1):11-8. [Article]
  2. Verma R, Mishra V, Sasmal D, Raghubir R: Pharmacological evaluation of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) mediated neuroprotection following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010 Jul 25;638(1-3):65-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.04.021. Epub 2010 Apr 24. [Article]

Carriers

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Other/unknown
General Function
Toxic substance binding
Specific Function
Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
Gene Name
ALB
Uniprot ID
P02768
Uniprot Name
Serum albumin
Molecular Weight
69365.94 Da
References
  1. Gulian JM, Dalmasso C, Gonard V: Interaction of beta-lactam antibiotics on bilirubin-albumin complex: comparison by three methods, total bilirubin, unbound bilirubin and erythrocyte-bound bilirubin. Chemotherapy. 1990;36(2):91-7. [Article]
  2. Nerli B, Farruggia B, Pico G: A comparative study of the binding characteristics of ceftriaxone, cefoperazone and cefsulodin to human serum albumin. Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1996 Nov;40(4):823-31. [Article]
  3. Robertson A, Fink S, Karp W: Effect of cephalosporins on bilirubin-albumin binding. J Pediatr. 1988 Feb;112(2):291-4. [Article]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Proton-dependent oligopeptide secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Proton-coupled intake of oligopeptides of 2 to 4 amino acids with a preference for dipeptides. May constitute a major route for the absorption of protein digestion end-products.
Gene Name
SLC15A1
Uniprot ID
P46059
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 15 member 1
Molecular Weight
78805.265 Da
References
  1. Luckner P, Brandsch M: Interaction of 31 beta-lactam antibiotics with the H+/peptide symporter PEPT2: analysis of affinity constants and comparison with PEPT1. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2005 Jan;59(1):17-24. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Peptide:proton symporter activity
Specific Function
Proton-coupled intake of oligopeptides of 2 to 4 amino acids with a preference for dipeptides.
Gene Name
SLC15A2
Uniprot ID
Q16348
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 15 member 2
Molecular Weight
81782.77 Da
References
  1. Luckner P, Brandsch M: Interaction of 31 beta-lactam antibiotics with the H+/peptide symporter PEPT2: analysis of affinity constants and comparison with PEPT1. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2005 Jan;59(1):17-24. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Involved in the renal elimination of endogenous and exogenous organic anions. Functions as organic anion exchanger when the uptake of one molecule of organic anion is coupled with an efflux of one ...
Gene Name
SLC22A6
Uniprot ID
Q4U2R8
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 6
Molecular Weight
61815.78 Da
References
  1. Takeda M, Babu E, Narikawa S, Endou H: Interaction of human organic anion transporters with various cephalosporin antibiotics. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002 Mar 8;438(3):137-42. [Article]
  2. Jung KY, Takeda M, Shimoda M, Narikawa S, Tojo A, Kim DK, Chairoungdua A, Choi BK, Kusuhara H, Sugiyama Y, Sekine T, Endou H: Involvement of rat organic anion transporter 3 (rOAT3) in cephaloridine-induced nephrotoxicity: in comparison with rOAT1. Life Sci. 2002 Mar 8;70(16):1861-74. [Article]
  3. Jariyawat S, Sekine T, Takeda M, Apiwattanakul N, Kanai Y, Sophasan S, Endou H: The interaction and transport of beta-lactam antibiotics with the cloned rat renal organic anion transporter 1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Aug;290(2):672-7. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenad...
Gene Name
SLC22A8
Uniprot ID
Q8TCC7
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 8
Molecular Weight
59855.585 Da
References
  1. Takeda M, Babu E, Narikawa S, Endou H: Interaction of human organic anion transporters with various cephalosporin antibiotics. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002 Mar 8;438(3):137-42. [Article]
  2. Jung KY, Takeda M, Shimoda M, Narikawa S, Tojo A, Kim DK, Chairoungdua A, Choi BK, Kusuhara H, Sugiyama Y, Sekine T, Endou H: Involvement of rat organic anion transporter 3 (rOAT3) in cephaloridine-induced nephrotoxicity: in comparison with rOAT1. Life Sci. 2002 Mar 8;70(16):1861-74. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates saturable uptake of estrone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and related compounds.
Gene Name
SLC22A11
Uniprot ID
Q9NSA0
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 11
Molecular Weight
59970.945 Da
References
  1. Takeda M, Babu E, Narikawa S, Endou H: Interaction of human organic anion transporters with various cephalosporin antibiotics. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002 Mar 8;438(3):137-42. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name
ABCB1
Uniprot ID
P08183
Uniprot Name
Multidrug resistance protein 1
Molecular Weight
141477.255 Da
References
  1. Hanko E, Tommarello S, Watchko JF, Hansen TW: Administration of drugs known to inhibit P-glycoprotein increases brain bilirubin and alters the regional distribution of bilirubin in rat brain. Pediatr Res. 2003 Oct;54(4):441-5. doi: 10.1203/01.PDR.0000085169.87948.B6. Epub 2003 Aug 6. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 18, 2024 16:48