DrugBank: Iron Dextran (DB00893)

targets (4) carriers (1)

Identification

Name

Iron Dextran

Accession Number

DB00893 (APRD01053)

Type

small molecule

Groups

approved

Description

Iron dextran is a dark brown, slightly viscous liquid complex of ferric hydroxide and dextran for intravenous or intramuscular use. Iron Dextran is used for the treatment of patients with documented iron deficiency in which oral administration is unsatisfactory or impossible.

Structure

Synonyms

Dexferrum
Dextran iron

Brand names

Imferon
Infed
Proferdex

Brand name mixtures

Omni 2000tab (Beta-Carotene + Biotin + Calcium (Bone Meal) + Choline + Chromium (Yeast) + D-Pantothenic Acid + Folic Acid + Inositol + Iodine (Kelp) + Iron (Iron Dextran Complex) + Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide) + Manganese (Manganese Gluconate) + Molybdenum (Yeast) + Nicotinamide + Potassium (Potassium Gluconate) + Selenium (Yeast) + Vitamin a (Fish Liver Oil) + Vitamin B1 + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B2 + Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine Hydrochloride) + Vitamin C (Calcium Ascorbate) + Vitamin C (Vitamin C) + Vitamin D3 + Vitamin E (D-Alpha Tocopheryl Acetate) + Zinc (Zinc Gluconate))

Categories

Anti-anemic Agents
Iron Supplement

CAS number

9004-66-4

Weight

Not Available

Chemical Formula

Not Available

InChI Key

Not Available

InChI

Not Available

IUPAC Name

Not Available

SMILES

Not Available

Mass Spec

Not Available

Taxonomy

Kingdom

Not Available

Classes

Not Available

Substructures

Not Available

Pharmacology

Indication

For treatment of patients with documented iron deficiency in whom oral administration is unsatisfactory or impossible. Also used to replenish body iron stores in Non-Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease (NDD-CKD) patients receiving or not receiving erythropoietin and in Hemodialysis Dependent (HDD-CKD) and Peritoneal Dialysis Dependent (PDD-CKD) - Chronic Kidney Disease patients receiving an erythropoietin.

Pharmacodynamics

Iron dextran is a dark brown, slightly viscous sterile liquid complex of ferric hydroxide and dextran for intravenous or intramuscular use. It is for treatment of patients with documented iron deficiency in whom oral administration is unsatisfactory or impossible. Iron is essential to the formation of hemoglobin and to the function and formation of other heme and nonheme compounds. Untreated depletion of iron stores leads to iron-deficient erythropoiesis and, in turn, to iron deficiency anemia.

Mechanism of action

After iron dextran is injected, the circulating iron dextran is removed from the plasma by cells of the reticuloendothelial system, which split the complex into its components of iron and dextran. The iron is immediately bound to the available protein moieties to form hemosiderin or ferritin, the physiological forms of iron, or to a lesser extent to transferrin. This iron which is subject to physiological control replenishes hemoglobin and depleted iron stores.

Absorption

The major portion of intramuscular injections of iron dextran is absorbed within 72 hours; most of the remaining iron is absorbed over the ensuing 3 to 4 weeks.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

100% (after release from dextran)

Metabolism

Dextran, a polyglucose, is either metabolized or excreted.

Route of elimination

Dextran, a polyglucose, is either metabolized or excreted.

Half life

5 hours (some indications that it can be as long as 10 hours)

Clearance

Not Available

Toxicity

LD₅₀ = 500 mg/kg (mouse, IV). Dosages of iron dextran in excess of the requirements for restoration of hemoglobin and replenishment of iron stores may lead to hemosiderosis. Cases of severe, sometimes fatal, allergic reactions (loss of consciousness, collapse, difficulty breathing, hives, swelling, or convulsions) and severe low blood pressure (hypotension) have been reported with the use of iron dextran.

Affected organisms

Humans and other mammals

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Luitpold pharmaceuticals inc
Watson laboratories inc
Sanofi aventis us llc
New river pharmaceuticals inc

Packagers

Dosage forms

Form	Route	Strength
Injection, solution	Intramuscular
Injection, solution	Intravenous

Prices

Unit description	Cost	Unit
Iron dextran comp 100 mg/2 ml	38.08 USD	ml
Dexferrum 100 mg/2 ml vial	21.6 USD	ml
Dexferrum 50 mg/ml vial	21.6 USD	ml
Dexiron 50 mg/ml	15.66 USD	ml
Infufer 50 mg/ml	15.53 USD	ml
Infed 100 mg/2 ml vial	14.44 USD	ml

Patents

Country	Patent Number	Approved	Expires
United States	5624668	1995-09-29	2015-09-29

Properties

State

solid

Melting point

Not Available

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
water solubility	Soluble	PhysProp

Predicted Properties

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

General Reference

Not Available

External Links

Resource	Link
KEGG Drug	D02141
Therapeutic Targets Database	DAP001312
PharmGKB	PA450093
Drug Product Database	611891
RxList	http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/fedex.htm
Drugs.com	http://www.drugs.com/cdi/iron-dextran.html

ATC Codes

Not Available

AHFS Codes

Not Available

PDB Entries

Not Available

FDA label

Not Available

MSDS

show (45.1 KB)

Interactions

Drug Interactions

Not Available

Food Interactions

Not Available

Targets
1. Hemoglobin subunit beta Pharmacological action: yes Actions: activator Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues Organism class: human UniProt ID: P68871 Gene: HBB Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Zaric J, Lazic D, Markovic S, Glisin V, Ivanovic Z, Milenkovic P, Popovic Z: Alpha- and beta-globins of the anemic Belgrade laboratory rat. II. The effect of hemin and iron-dextran treatment. Hemoglobin. 1998 May;22(3):231-44. Pubmed Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed 2. Hemoglobin subunit alpha Pharmacological action: yes Actions: activator Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues Organism class: human UniProt ID: P69905 Gene: HBA1 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed 3. Ferritin heavy chain Pharmacological action: yes Actions: other Stores iron in a soluble, nontoxic, readily available form. Important for iron homeostasis. Has ferroxidase activity. Iron is taken up in the ferrous form and deposited as ferric hydroxides after oxidation Organism class: human UniProt ID: P02794 Gene: FTH1 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed 4. Ferritin light chain Pharmacological action: yes Actions: other Stores iron in a soluble, nontoxic, readily available form. Important for iron homeostasis. Iron is taken up in the ferrous form and deposited as ferric hydroxides after oxidation Organism class: human UniProt ID: P02792 Gene: FTL Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

Targets

1. Hemoglobin subunit beta

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: activator

Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P68871 Link_out

Gene: HBB

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Zaric J, Lazic D, Markovic S, Glisin V, Ivanovic Z, Milenkovic P, Popovic Z: Alpha- and beta-globins of the anemic Belgrade laboratory rat. II. The effect of hemin and iron-dextran treatment. Hemoglobin. 1998 May;22(3):231-44. Pubmed
Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed

2. Hemoglobin subunit alpha

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: activator

Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P69905 Link_out

Gene: HBA1 Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed

3. Ferritin heavy chain

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: other

Stores iron in a soluble, nontoxic, readily available form. Important for iron homeostasis. Has ferroxidase activity. Iron is taken up in the ferrous form and deposited as ferric hydroxides after oxidation

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P02794 Link_out

Gene: FTH1 Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

4. Ferritin light chain

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: other

Stores iron in a soluble, nontoxic, readily available form. Important for iron homeostasis. Iron is taken up in the ferrous form and deposited as ferric hydroxides after oxidation

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P02792 Link_out

Gene: FTL

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

Carriers
1. Serotransferrin Actions: substrate Transferrins are iron binding transport proteins which can bind two Fe(3+) ions in association with the binding of an anion, usually bicarbonate. It is responsible for the transport of iron from sites of absorption and heme degradation to those of storage and utilization. Serum transferrin may also have a further role in stimulating cell proliferation UniProt ID: P02787 Gene: TF Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Macdougall IC: Strategies for iron supplementation: oral versus intravenous. Kidney Int Suppl. 1999 Mar;69:S61-6. Pubmed Salahudeen AK, Oliver B, Bower JD, Roberts LJ 2nd: Increase in plasma esterified F2-isoprostanes following intravenous iron infusion in patients on hemodialysis. Kidney Int. 2001 Oct;60(4):1525-31. Pubmed Pai AB, Boyd AV, McQuade CR, Harford A, Norenberg JP, Zager PG: Comparison of oxidative stress markers after intravenous administration of iron dextran, sodium ferric gluconate, and iron sucrose in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Pharmacotherapy. 2007 Mar;27(3):343-50. Pubmed Jacobs JC, Alexander NM: Colorimetry and constant-potential coulometry determinations of transferrin-bound iron, total iron-binding capacity, and total iron in serum containing iron-dextran, with use of sodium dithionite and alumina columns. Clin Chem. 1990 Oct;36(10):1803-7. Pubmed Speyer BE, Doney VJ, Fielding J: Transfer of iron from Ferastral and other organic complexes to transferrin as measured by reticulocyte uptake. Scand J Haematol Suppl. 1977;32:215-21. Pubmed

Carriers

1. Serotransferrin

Actions: substrate

Transferrins are iron binding transport proteins which can bind two Fe(3+) ions in association with the binding of an anion, usually bicarbonate. It is responsible for the transport of iron from sites of absorption and heme degradation to those of storage and utilization. Serum transferrin may also have a further role in stimulating cell proliferation

UniProt ID: P02787 Link_out

Gene: TF

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Macdougall IC: Strategies for iron supplementation: oral versus intravenous. Kidney Int Suppl. 1999 Mar;69:S61-6. Pubmed
Salahudeen AK, Oliver B, Bower JD, Roberts LJ 2nd: Increase in plasma esterified F2-isoprostanes following intravenous iron infusion in patients on hemodialysis. Kidney Int. 2001 Oct;60(4):1525-31. Pubmed
Pai AB, Boyd AV, McQuade CR, Harford A, Norenberg JP, Zager PG: Comparison of oxidative stress markers after intravenous administration of iron dextran, sodium ferric gluconate, and iron sucrose in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Pharmacotherapy. 2007 Mar;27(3):343-50. Pubmed
Jacobs JC, Alexander NM: Colorimetry and constant-potential coulometry determinations of transferrin-bound iron, total iron-binding capacity, and total iron in serum containing iron-dextran, with use of sodium dithionite and alumina columns. Clin Chem. 1990 Oct;36(10):1803-7. Pubmed
Speyer BE, Doney VJ, Fielding J: Transfer of iron from Ferastral and other organic complexes to transferrin as measured by reticulocyte uptake. Scand J Haematol Suppl. 1977;32:215-21. Pubmed

Comments

Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on November 23, 2010 16:50

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.