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Economics

Properties

Spectra

Taxonomy

Pravastatin

Targets (1)Enzymes (2)Transporters (13)Biointeractions (24)

Identification

Name

Pravastatin

Accession Number

DB00175 (APRD00328)

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved

Description

Pravastatin is a cholesterol-lowering agent that belongs to a class of medications known as statins. It was derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, the first statin discovered. It is a ring-opened dihydroxyacid with a 6’-hydroxyl group that does not require in vivo activation. Pravastatin is one of the lower potency statins; however, its increased hydrophilicity is thought to confer advantages such as minimal penetration through lipophilic membranes of peripheral cells, increased selectivity for hepatic tissues, and a reduction in side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.

Structure

Similar Structures

Synonyms

(+)-(3R,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-8-{[(S)-2-methylbutyryl]oxy}-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1-naphthyl]heptanoic acid
Pravastatin acid
Pravastatina
Pravastatine
Pravastatinum

Product Ingredients

Ingredient	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Pravastatin sodium	3M8608UQ61	81131-70-6	VWBQYTRBTXKKOG-IYNICTALSA-M

Product Images

Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Act Pravastatin	Tablet	10 mg	Oral	Actavis Pharma Company	2003-12-09	Not applicable
Act Pravastatin	Tablet	40 mg	Oral	Actavis Pharma Company	2003-12-09	Not applicable
Act Pravastatin	Tablet	20 mg	Oral	Actavis Pharma Company	2003-12-09	Not applicable
Bio Pravastatin	Tablet	10 mg	Oral	Bioenhance Medicines Inc.	2001-07-12	2003-02-27
Bio Pravastatin	Tablet	40 mg	Oral	Bioenhance Medicines Inc.	2001-07-12	2003-02-27
Bio Pravastatin	Tablet	20 mg	Oral	Bioenhance Medicines Inc.	2001-07-12	2003-02-27
M-pravastatin	Tablet	20 mg	Oral	Mantra Pharma Inc	Not applicable	Not applicable
M-pravastatin	Tablet	10 mg	Oral	Mantra Pharma Inc	Not applicable	Not applicable
M-pravastatin	Tablet	40 mg	Oral	Mantra Pharma Inc	Not applicable	Not applicable
Pravachol	Tablet	80 mg/1	Oral	E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.	2009-06-01	Not applicable

Generic Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Ach-pravastatin	Tablet	20 mg	Oral	Accord Healthcare Limited	Not applicable	Not applicable
Ach-pravastatin	Tablet	10 mg	Oral	Accord Healthcare Limited	Not applicable	Not applicable
Ach-pravastatin	Tablet	40 mg	Oral	Accord Healthcare Limited	Not applicable	Not applicable
Apo-pravastatin	Tablet	10 mg	Oral	Apotex Corporation	2001-02-27	Not applicable
Apo-pravastatin	Tablet	40 mg	Oral	Apotex Corporation	2001-02-27	Not applicable
Apo-pravastatin	Tablet	20 mg	Oral	Apotex Corporation	2001-02-27	Not applicable
Auro-pravastatin	Tablet	10 mg	Oral	Auro Pharma Inc	Not applicable	Not applicable
Auro-pravastatin	Tablet	40 mg	Oral	Auro Pharma Inc	Not applicable	Not applicable
Auro-pravastatin	Tablet	20 mg	Oral	Auro Pharma Inc	Not applicable	Not applicable
Ava-pravastatin	Tablet	20 mg	Oral	Avanstra Inc	2011-10-11	2011-12-12

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Pal-pravastatin-asa	Pravastatin sodium (10 mg) + Acetylsalicylic acid (81 mg)	Kit; Tablet; Tablet, delayed release	Oral	Paladin Labs Inc	2006-01-13	2015-07-31
Pal-pravastatin-asa	Pravastatin sodium (40 mg) + Acetylsalicylic acid (81 mg)	Kit; Tablet; Tablet, delayed release	Oral	Paladin Labs Inc	2006-01-13	2015-07-31
Pal-pravastatin-asa	Pravastatin sodium (20 mg) + Acetylsalicylic acid (81 mg)	Kit; Tablet; Tablet, delayed release	Oral	Paladin Labs Inc	2006-01-13	2015-07-31
Pravigard Pac	Pravastatin sodium (40 mg/1) + Acetylsalicylic acid (81 mg/1)	Kit		E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.	2005-01-01	2006-12-31
Pravigard Pac	Pravastatin sodium (40 mg/1) + Acetylsalicylic acid (325 mg/1)	Kit		E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.	2006-01-01	2007-04-30

Unapproved/Other Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Pravachol	Pravastatin sodium (10 mg/1)	Tablet	Oral	Bristol Myers Squibb	2006-10-16	Not applicable
Pravastatin Sodium	Pravastatin sodium (40 mg/1)	Tablet	Oral	Watson Pharmaceuticals	2008-10-06	Not applicable
Pravastatin Sodium	Pravastatin sodium (20 mg/1)	Tablet	Oral	Watson Pharmaceuticals	2008-10-06	Not applicable
Pravastatin Sodium	Pravastatin sodium (80 mg/1)	Tablet	Oral	Watson Pharmaceuticals	2008-10-06	Not applicable
Pravastatin Sodium	Pravastatin sodium (10 mg/1)	Tablet	Oral	Watson Pharmaceuticals	2008-10-06	Not applicable
Pravigard Pac	Pravastatin sodium + Acetylsalicylic acid	Tablet		Bristol-Myers Squibb Company	2006-10-12	2006-10-12
Pravigard Pac	Pravastatin sodium + Acetylsalicylic acid	Kit		Bristol-Myers Squibb Company	2006-10-12	2006-10-12
Pravigard Pac	Pravastatin sodium + Acetylsalicylic acid	Tablet		Bristol-Myers Squibb Company	2006-10-12	2006-10-12
Pravigard Pac	Pravastatin sodium + Acetylsalicylic acid	Tablet		Bristol-Myers Squibb Company	2006-10-12	2006-10-12

International/Other Brands

Elisor / Lipostat / Mevalotin / Pravaselect / Selipran

Categories

UNII

KXO2KT9N0G

CAS number

81093-37-0

Weight

Average: 424.5277
Monoisotopic: 424.246103506

Chemical Formula

C₂₃H₃₆O₇

InChI Key

TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-PZAWKZKUSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/C23H36O7/c1-4-13(2)23(29)30-20-11-17(25)9-15-6-5-14(3)19(22(15)20)8-7-16(24)10-18(26)12-21(27)28/h5-6,9,13-14,16-20,22,24-26H,4,7-8,10-12H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28)/t13-,14-,16+,17+,18+,19-,20-,22-/m0/s1

IUPAC Name

(3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-8-{[(2S)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy}-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid

SMILES

[H][C@]12[C@H](C[C@H](O)C=C1C=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]2CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O)OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC

Pharmacology

Indication

For the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Associated Conditions

Pharmacodynamics

The primary cause of cardiovascular (CV) disease is atherosclerotic plaque formation and sustained elevation of cholesterol in the blood increases the risk of CV disease. Pravastatin lowers hepatic production of cholesterol by competitively inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway via the mevalonic acid pathway. Decreased hepatic cholesterol levels causes increased uptake of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and reduces cholesterol levels in the circulation. Pravastatin also inhibits hepatic synthesis if VLDL. At therapeutic doses, pravastatin lowers LDL cholesterol by 20-30%, increase high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol by 3-10%, and decrease plasma triglycerides by 19-34%. HDL cholesterol is thought to confer protective effects against CV disease, whereas high LDL and triglyceride levels are associated with higher risk of disease.

Mechanism of action

Pravastatin is structurally similar to the HMG, a substituent of the endogenous substrate of HMG-CoA reductase. Unlike its parent compound, mevastatin, and statins such as lovastatin and simvastatin, pravastatin does not need to be activated in vivo. Its hydrolyzed lactone ring mimics the tetrahedral intermediate produced by the reductase allowing the agent to bind with a much greater affinity than its natural substrate. The bicyclic portion of pravastatin binds to the coenzyme A portion of the active site. Pravastatin sodium produces its lipid-lowering effect in two ways. First, as a consequence of its reversible inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase activity, it effects modest reductions in intracellular pools of cholesterol. This results in an increase in the number of LDL-receptors on cell surfaces and enhanced receptor-mediated catabolism and clearance of circulating LDL. Second, pravastatin inhibits LDL production by inhibiting hepatic synthesis of VLDL, the LDL precursor.

Target	Actions	Organism
A3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase	inhibitor	Human

Absorption

Pravastatin is rapidly absorbed with peak plasma levels of the parent compound achieved 1 to 1.5 hours after administration. The average oral absorption of pravastatin is 34% and absolute bioavailability is 17%. These values however, are variable. Food decreases the systemic bioavailability but the lipid-lowering effect is not impacted. When 20 mg of pravastatin is given orally, the pharmacokinetic parameters are as follows: Cmax = 23.3-26.3 ng/mL; AUC = 54.7 to 62.2 ng•hr/mL.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

50% bound to human plasma proteins.

Metabolism

Hepatic, there is a small amount of metabolism by P450 enzymes, but this effect is so minimal that inhibitory pharmacokinetic drug interactions have no real effect on its overall activity and elimination. An in vitro study which found moderate affinity for P450 2C9 (major), 2D6 and 3A4. Furthermore, the major degradation product is the 3α-hydroxy isomeric metabolite, which has one-tenth to one-fortieth the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity of the parent compound.

Route of elimination

Approximately 20% of a radiolabeled oral dose is excreted in urine and 70% in the feces. After intravenous administration, 47% of total body clearance was via renal excretion, while 53% was eliminated by non-renal routes.

Half life

1.8h ^[1]

Clearance

Not Available

Toxicity

Side effects include diarrhea, nausea, constipation, gas abdominal pain, myopathy, myositis, rhabdomyolysis, and hepatotoxicity. LD₅₀= 12,000 mg/kg (orally in rat)

Affected organisms

Humans and other mammals

Pathways

Pathway	Category
Pravastatin Action Pathway	Drug action

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Interacting Gene/Enzyme	Allele name	Genotype(s)	Defining Change(s)	Type(s)	Description	Details
Kinesin-like protein KIF6	---	(C;C) / (C;T)	C Allele	Effect Directly Studied	Patients with this genotype have a greater reduction in risk of a major cardiovascular event with high dose pravastatin.	Details
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase	---	(A;T)	T Allele	Effect Directly Studied	Patients with this genotype have a lesser reduction in LDL cholesterol with pravastatin.	Details

Interactions

Drug Interactions

Drug	Interaction
(R)-warfarin	The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Pravastatin is combined with (R)-warfarin.
(S)-Warfarin	The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Pravastatin is combined with (S)-Warfarin.
4-hydroxycoumarin	The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Pravastatin is combined with 4-hydroxycoumarin.
Abemaciclib	Abemaciclib may decrease the excretion rate of Pravastatin which could result in a higher serum level.
Acalabrutinib	The metabolism of Pravastatin can be decreased when combined with Acalabrutinib.
Acenocoumarol	The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Pravastatin is combined with Acenocoumarol.
Acetaminophen	The serum concentration of Pravastatin can be increased when it is combined with Acetaminophen.
Acetylcysteine	The excretion of Pravastatin can be decreased when combined with Acetylcysteine.
Acipimox	Acipimox may increase the myopathic rhabdomyolysis activities of Pravastatin.
Acyclovir	The excretion of Pravastatin can be decreased when combined with Acyclovir.

Food Interactions

Avoid alcohol.
Avoid drastic changes in dietary habit.
Take without regard to meals.

References

Synthesis Reference

Kae Jong Chung, Joo Kyung Lee, Joo Woong Park, Dong Jin Seo, Sang Choon Lee, "Method for producing pravastatin precursor, ML-236B." U.S. Patent US6204032, issued October, 1976.

US6204032

General References

Pan HY: Clinical pharmacology of pravastatin, a selective inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1991;40 Suppl 1:S15-8. [PubMed:1904355]
Hedman M, Neuvonen PJ, Neuvonen M, Antikainen M: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pravastatin in children with familial hypercholesterolemia. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Aug;74(2):178-85. doi: 10.1016/S0009-9236(03)00153-X. [PubMed:12891228]

External Links

Human Metabolome Database: HMDB0005022
KEGG Drug: D08410
KEGG Compound: C01844
PubChem Compound: 54687
PubChem Substance: 46504851
ChemSpider: 49398
BindingDB: 20688
ChEBI: 63618
ChEMBL: CHEMBL1144
Therapeutic Targets Database: DAP000550
PharmGKB: PA451089
RxList: RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com: Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia: Pravastatin

ATC Codes

C10AA03 — Pravastatin

C10BX02 — Pravastatin and acetylsalicylic acid

C10BA03 — Pravastatin and fenofibrate

AHFS Codes

24:06.08 — Hmg-coa Reductase Inhibitors

FDA label

Download (251 KB)

MSDS

Download (44 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
0	Completed	Prevention	Ventilator-associated Bacterial Pneumonia	1
1	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Leukemias	1
1	Completed	Not Available	Healthy Volunteers	4
1	Completed	Basic Science	Cancer, Breast	1
1	Completed	Basic Science	Drug Biotransformation / Membrane Transport	1
1	Completed	Basic Science	Drug Interactions	1
1	Completed	Basic Science	Genotype-related Drug Metabolism	1
1	Completed	Basic Science	Healthy Volunteers	3
1	Completed	Basic Science	Rheumatoid Arthritis	1
1	Completed	Other	Healthy Volunteers / Rheumatoid Arthritis	1
1	Completed	Prevention	Glomerulonephritis minimal lesion / Hyperlipidemias	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Drug Distribution	1
1	Completed	Treatment	HIV Seronegativity / Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections / Lipodystrophies	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Healthy Volunteers	4
1	Completed	Treatment	Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections	3
1	Completed	Treatment	Leukemias	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Therapeutic Equivalency	2
1	Recruiting	Not Available	Healthy Volunteers	1
1	Recruiting	Prevention	Preeclampsia	1
1	Recruiting	Treatment	Dyslipidemias / Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)	1
1, 2	Terminated	Treatment	Adult Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia (M7) / Adult Acute Minimally Differentiated Myeloid Leukemia (M0) / Adult Acute Monoblastic Leukemia (M5a) / Adult Acute Monocytic Leukemia (M5b) / Adult Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia With Maturation (M2) / Adult Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia Without Maturation (M1) / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With 11q23 (MLL) Abnormalities / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Del(5q) / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Inv(16)(p13;q22) / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With T(16;16)(p13;q22) / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With T(8;21)(q22;q22) / Adult Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia (M4) / Adult Erythroleukemia (M6a) / Adult Pure Erythroid Leukemia (M6b) / Recurrent Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia	1
1, 2	Terminated	Treatment	Albinism, Oculocutaneous / Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (HPS) / Metabolic Diseases / Platelet Storage Pool Deficiency / Pulmonary Fibrosis	1
2	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	CHILD B / Hepatocellular,Carcinoma	1
2	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Leukemias	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) / Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) / Heart Diseases / Myocardial Ischemia	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Diabetes Mellitus (DM) / High Blood Cholesterol Level / Metabolic Syndromes	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Dyslipidemias	1
2	Completed	Treatment	High Blood Cholesterol Level / Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections	1
2	Completed	Treatment	High Blood Cholesterol Level / Statin-Associated Myopathy	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Hutchinson-Gilford Syndrome / Progeria	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Lupus / Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Type II Hyperlipidaemia	1
2	Enrolling by Invitation	Treatment	Progeria	1
2	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) / Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections	1
2	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Tuberculosis	1
2	Recruiting	Prevention	Prophylaxis of preeclampsia	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Fibrosis	1
2	Unknown Status	Treatment	Advanced Hepatocarcinoma	1
2	Withdrawn	Treatment	Infection, Human Immunodeficiency Virus I	1
2	Withdrawn	Treatment	Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome	1
3	Completed	Basic Science	High Blood Cholesterol Level / Hyperlipoproteinemias	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) / Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) / Diabetes Mellitus (DM) / Heart Diseases / Heart Failure, Unspecified / High Blood Cholesterol Level / High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) / Myocardial Infarction / Myocardial Ischemia	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) / Kidney Diseases / Microalbuminuria	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Stroke, Ischemic	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) / Diabetes Mellitus (DM) / Heart Diseases / Vascular Diseases	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Atherosclerosis / Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease （ADPKD)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Child-Pugh A Hepatocellular Carcinoma	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Chronic Allograft Nephropathy (CAN) / End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Combined Hyperlipidemia	1
3	Completed	Treatment	High Blood Cholesterol Level	2
3	Completed	Treatment	Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections / Lipodystrophies	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Hypercholesterolemia or Combined Dyslipidemia	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Hyperlipidemias	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Liver Cancer	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Lung Cancers	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS)	1
3	Recruiting	Treatment	High Blood Cholesterol Level	2
3	Terminated	Treatment	High Blood Cholesterol Level	1
3	Terminated	Treatment	High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Actue Coronary Syndromes	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Aging / Alzheimer's Disease (AD)	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Hyperlipidemias	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) / Glucose Metabolism / Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections / Lipodystrophies / Metabolic Abnormality / Metabolism, Lipids	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Chronic Heart Failure (CHF)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Chronic Stable Angina Pectoris / Non ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) / Unstable Angina Pectoris	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Coronary Arteriosclerosis	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) / High Blood Cholesterol Level	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Diabetes Mellitus (DM) / Prediabetic State	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Dyslipidemias	2
4	Completed	Treatment	High Blood Cholesterol Level	2
4	Completed	Treatment	Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections / Hyperlipidemias	2
4	Completed	Treatment	Hypertriglycemia / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Multi-vessel Diseases, Angina	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Mixed hypercholesterolemia / Primary Dyslipidemia	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Schizoaffective Disorders / Schizophrenic Disorders	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Schizoaffective Disorders / Schizophrenic Disorders / Schizophreniform Disorders	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Type IIa and IIb Hypercholesterolaemia	1
4	Recruiting	Health Services Research	Diabetes Mellitus (DM)	1
4	Recruiting	Prevention	High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) / Strokes / Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA)	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease （ADPKD)	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Coronary Artery Disease	1
4	Terminated	Not Available	Statin Adverse Reaction / Statin-Associated Myopathy	1
4	Terminated	Treatment	Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)	1
4	Terminated	Treatment	Heart Failure, Unspecified	1
4	Unknown Status	Prevention	Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) / High Blood Cholesterol Level	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Drug-eluting Stent (DES)	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Esophageal Cancers / Malignant Neoplasm of Stomach	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) / Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections / Hyperlipidemias	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	High Blood Cholesterol Level	3
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Pediatrics Patients on Dialysis	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Postpartum Depression	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Cardiovascular Disease Risk / Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Adult Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia (M7) / Adult Acute Minimally Differentiated Myeloid Leukemia (M0) / Adult Acute Monoblastic Leukemia (M5a) / Adult Acute Monocytic Leukemia (M5b) / Adult Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia With Maturation (M2) / Adult Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia Without Maturation (M1) / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With 11q23 (MLL) Abnormalities / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Del(5q) / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Inv(16)(p13;q22) / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With T(16;16)(p13;q22) / Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With T(8;21)(q22;q22) / Adult Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia (M4) / Adult Erythroleukemia (M6a) / Adult Pure Erythroid Leukemia (M6b) / Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia / De Novo Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasm, Unclassifiable / Refractory Anemia With Excess Blasts / Untreated Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Coronary Artery Disease	1
Not Available	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Endometriosis	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Treatment	Coronary Artery Occlusive Disease	1
Not Available	Terminated	Prevention	High Blood Cholesterol Level / High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
Not Available	Terminated	Treatment	Metabolic Syndromes	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Screening	Dyslipidemias	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Treatment	Crohn's Disease (CD)	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Treatment	Heart Diseases	1
Not Available	Withdrawn	Treatment	Endometriosis	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Bristol myers squibb
Apotex corp
Dr reddys laboratories inc
Glenmark generics ltd
Lek pharmaceuticals dd
Lupin pharmaceuticals inc
Matrix laboratories ltd
Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
Pliva hrvatska doo
Ranbaxy laboratories ltd
Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
Teva pharmaceuticals usa
Watson laboratories inc
Zydus pharmaceuticals usa inc

Packagers

Advanced Pharmaceutical Services Inc.
Amerisource Health Services Corp.
Apotex Inc.
A-S Medication Solutions LLC
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
Bryant Ranch Prepack
Cadila Healthcare Ltd.
Cardinal Health
Cobalt Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Comprehensive Consultant Services Inc.
Dept Health Central Pharmacy
Dispensing Solutions
Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
Doctor Reddys Laboratories Ltd.
E.R. Squibb and Sons LLC
Glenmark Generics Ltd.
International Laboratories Inc.
Kaiser Foundation Hospital
Lek Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Lupin Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Major Pharmaceuticals
Medvantx Inc.
Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
Mylan
Neuman Distributors Inc.
Ohm Laboratories Inc.
Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Par Pharmaceuticals
PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Pharmaceutical Utilization Management Program VA Inc.
Physicians Total Care Inc.
Pliva Inc.
Prepackage Specialists
Prepak Systems Inc.
Ranbaxy Laboratories
Rebel Distributors Corp.
Resource Optimization and Innovation LLC
Sandoz
Southwood Pharmaceuticals
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
UDL Laboratories
Vangard Labs Inc.
Zydus Pharmaceuticals

Dosage forms

Form	Route	Strength
Tablet	Oral	10 mg
Kit; tablet; tablet, delayed release	Oral
Tablet	Oral	10 mg/1
Tablet	Oral	80 mg
Tablet	Oral	20 mg
Tablet	Oral	40 mg
Tablet	Oral	20 mg/1
Tablet	Oral	40 mg/1
Tablet	Oral	80 mg/1
Kit
Tablet

Prices

Unit description	Cost	Unit
Pravachol 40 mg tablet	6.53USD	tablet
Pravachol 80 mg tablet	6.53USD	tablet
Pravastatin sodium 40 mg tablet	4.89USD	tablet
Pravastatin sodium 80 mg tablet	4.89USD	tablet
Pravachol 20 mg tablet	4.39USD	tablet
Pravachol 10 mg tablet	4.38USD	tablet
Pravastatin sodium 20 mg tablet	3.33USD	tablet
Pravastatin sodium 10 mg tablet	3.28USD	tablet
Apo-Pravastatin 40 mg Tablet	1.42USD	tablet
Co Pravastatin 40 mg Tablet	1.42USD	tablet
Jamp-Pravastatin 40 mg Tablet	1.42USD	tablet
Mint-Pravastatin 40 mg Tablet	1.42USD	tablet
Mylan-Pravastatin 40 mg Tablet	1.42USD	tablet
Novo-Pravastatin 40 mg Tablet	1.42USD	tablet
Pms-Pravastatin 40 mg Tablet	1.42USD	tablet
Pravachol 40 mg Tablet	1.42USD	tablet
Ran-Pravastatin 40 mg Tablet	1.42USD	tablet
Ratio-Pravastatin 40 mg Tablet	1.42USD	tablet
Sandoz Pravastatin 40 mg Tablet	1.42USD	tablet
Apo-Pravastatin 20 mg Tablet	1.18USD	tablet
Co Pravastatin 20 mg Tablet	1.18USD	tablet
Jamp-Pravastatin 20 mg Tablet	1.18USD	tablet
Mint-Pravastatin 20 mg Tablet	1.18USD	tablet
Mylan-Pravastatin 20 mg Tablet	1.18USD	tablet
Novo-Pravastatin 20 mg Tablet	1.18USD	tablet
Pms-Pravastatin 20 mg Tablet	1.18USD	tablet
Pravachol 20 mg Tablet	1.18USD	tablet
Ran-Pravastatin 20 mg Tablet	1.18USD	tablet
Ratio-Pravastatin 20 mg Tablet	1.18USD	tablet
Sandoz Pravastatin 20 mg Tablet	1.18USD	tablet
Apo-Pravastatin 10 mg Tablet	1.0USD	tablet
Co Pravastatin 10 mg Tablet	1.0USD	tablet
Jamp-Pravastatin 10 mg Tablet	1.0USD	tablet
Mint-Pravastatin 10 mg Tablet	1.0USD	tablet
Mylan-Pravastatin 10 mg Tablet	1.0USD	tablet
Novo-Pravastatin 10 mg Tablet	1.0USD	tablet
Pms-Pravastatin 10 mg Tablet	1.0USD	tablet
Pravachol 10 mg Tablet	1.0USD	tablet
Ran-Pravastatin 10 mg Tablet	1.0USD	tablet
Ratio-Pravastatin 10 mg Tablet	1.0USD	tablet
Sandoz Pravastatin 10 mg Tablet	1.0USD	tablet

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Patents

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Approved	Expires (estimated)
US5622985	No	1994-10-22	2014-10-22
CA1323836	No	1993-11-02	2010-11-02

Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point (°C)	171.2 - 173°C	MSDS
water solubility	Soluble	FDA label
logP	0.59	FDA label

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.242 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	2.23	ALOGPS
logP	1.65	ChemAxon
logS	-3.2	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	4.21	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-2.7	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	6	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	4	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	124.29 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	11	ChemAxon
Refractivity	113.6 m³·mol^-1	ChemAxon
Polarizability	46.56 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	2	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Predicted ADMET features

Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Not Available

Spectra

Spectrum	Spectrum Type	Splash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negative	LC-MS/MS	splash10-0uk9-0009000000-967b377abafe64b73071
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negative	LC-MS/MS	splash10-00di-0002900000-bd7fd66d793ae64426ff
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negative	LC-MS/MS	splash10-0udi-4809000000-0ed5a8797dfc49ecf5af
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negative	LC-MS/MS	splash10-0udi-2900000000-91b125182ce5d90f16ab
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negative	LC-MS/MS	splash10-0udi-1900000000-e8fc6384260de93c5aa8
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negative	LC-MS/MS	splash10-0udi-1900000000-11e99968bc0ba393b6f9
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negative	LC-MS/MS	splash10-0udi-4900000000-0e4265e6dc1468c1471d
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negative	LC-MS/MS	splash10-00di-0002900000-8795ee00dded0ef8be48
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negative	LC-MS/MS	splash10-0udi-3709000000-aa45be15af0471c0a46e
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negative	LC-MS/MS	splash10-0udi-2900000000-5617409991f5c58e5130
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negative	LC-MS/MS	splash10-0udi-2900000000-2bf5c13979a639625d1c
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negative	LC-MS/MS	splash10-0udi-2900000000-9a233e521607e82ab7a0
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negative	LC-MS/MS	splash10-0udi-0900000000-2083dfbb67bf2b03ccf9
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negative	LC-MS/MS	splash10-0uk9-0009000000-4b2c09a295ba7f3ce41b
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negative	LC-MS/MS	splash10-00di-0607900000-e57e263ad3f74bfda195

Taxonomy

Description: This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives. These are hydroxy acids with a 6 to 12 carbon atoms long side chain.
Kingdom: Organic compounds
Super Class: Organic acids and derivatives
Class: Hydroxy acids and derivatives
Sub Class: Medium-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives
Direct Parent: Medium-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents: Fatty alcohols / Medium-chain fatty acids / Hydroxy fatty acids / Fatty acid esters / Branched fatty acids / Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives / Secondary alcohols / Carboxylic acid esters / Carboxylic acids
show 3 more
Substituents: Fatty alcohol / Medium-chain hydroxy acid / Medium-chain fatty acid / Beta-hydroxy acid / Branched fatty acid / Hydroxy fatty acid / Fatty acid ester / Fatty acyl / Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives / Secondary alcohol
show 10 more
Molecular Framework: Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors: statin (semi-synthetic), carboxylic ester, secondary alcohol, 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid, hydroxy monocarboxylic acid, carbobicyclic compound (CHEBI:63618)

Targets

Details1. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Inhibitor

General Function: Nadph binding
Specific Function: Transmembrane glycoprotein that is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis as well as in the biosynthesis of nonsterol isoprenoids that are essential for normal cell function including...
Gene Name: HMGCR
Uniprot ID: P04035
Uniprot Name: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase
Molecular Weight: 97475.155 Da

References

Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352]

Enzymes

Details1. Cytochrome P450 2C8

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Inhibitor

General Function: Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function: Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name: CYP2C8
Uniprot ID: P10632
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 2C8
Molecular Weight: 55824.275 Da

References

Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256]
Backman JT, Filppula AM, Niemi M, Neuvonen PJ: Role of Cytochrome P450 2C8 in Drug Metabolism and Interactions. Pharmacol Rev. 2016 Jan;68(1):168-241. doi: 10.1124/pr.115.011411. [PubMed:26721703]

Details2. Cytochrome P450 2C9

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate
Inhibitor

General Function: Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function: Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name: CYP2C9
Uniprot ID: P11712
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 2C9
Molecular Weight: 55627.365 Da

References

Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256]

Transporters

Details1. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate
Inhibitor

General Function: Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function: Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions such as pravastatin, taurocholate, methotrexate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone sulfate, prostagland...
Gene Name: SLCO1B1
Uniprot ID: Q9Y6L6
Uniprot Name: Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1
Molecular Weight: 76447.99 Da

References

Chen C, Mireles RJ, Campbell SD, Lin J, Mills JB, Xu JJ, Smolarek TA: Differential interaction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa reductase inhibitors with ABCB1, ABCC2, and OATP1B1. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Apr;33(4):537-46. Epub 2004 Dec 22. [PubMed:15616150]
Hsiang B, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Wu Y, Sasseville V, Yang WP, Kirchgessner TG: A novel human hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP2). Identification of a liver-specific human organic anion transporting polypeptide and identification of rat and human hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor transporters. J Biol Chem. 1999 Dec 24;274(52):37161-8. [PubMed:10601278]
Matsushima S, Maeda K, Kondo C, Hirano M, Sasaki M, Suzuki H, Sugiyama Y: Identification of the hepatic efflux transporters of organic anions using double-transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells expressing human organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1)/multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, OATP1B1/multidrug resistance 1, and OATP1B1/breast cancer resistance protein. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Sep;314(3):1059-67. Epub 2005 May 18. [PubMed:15901800]
Kameyama Y, Yamashita K, Kobayashi K, Hosokawa M, Chiba K: Functional characterization of SLCO1B1 (OATP-C) variants, SLCO1B1*5, SLCO1B1*15 and SLCO1B1*15+C1007G, by using transient expression systems of HeLa and HEK293 cells. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2005 Jul;15(7):513-22. [PubMed:15970799]
Sharma P, Holmes VE, Elsby R, Lambert C, Surry D: Validation of cell-based OATP1B1 assays to assess drug transport and the potential for drug-drug interaction to support regulatory submissions. Xenobiotica. 2010 Jan;40(1):24-37. doi: 10.3109/00498250903351013. [PubMed:19919292]

Details2. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate
Inhibitor

General Function: Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function: Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as taurocholate, the prostaglandins PGD2, PGE1, PGE2, leukotriene C4, thromboxane B2 and iloprost.
Gene Name: SLCO2B1
Uniprot ID: O94956
Uniprot Name: Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1
Molecular Weight: 76709.98 Da

References

Mougey EB, Feng H, Castro M, Irvin CG, Lima JJ: Absorption of montelukast is transporter mediated: a common variant of OATP2B1 is associated with reduced plasma concentrations and poor response. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2009 Feb;19(2):129-38. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e32831bd98c. [PubMed:19151602]
Kobayashi D, Nozawa T, Imai K, Nezu J, Tsuji A, Tamai I: Involvement of human organic anion transporting polypeptide OATP-B (SLC21A9) in pH-dependent transport across intestinal apical membrane. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Aug;306(2):703-8. Epub 2003 Apr 30. [PubMed:12724351]
Nozawa T, Imai K, Nezu J, Tsuji A, Tamai I: Functional characterization of pH-sensitive organic anion transporting polypeptide OATP-B in human. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Feb;308(2):438-45. Epub 2003 Nov 10. [PubMed:14610227]

Details3. Multidrug resistance protein 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function: Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name: ABCB1
Uniprot ID: P08183
Uniprot Name: Multidrug resistance protein 1
Molecular Weight: 141477.255 Da

References

Chen C, Mireles RJ, Campbell SD, Lin J, Mills JB, Xu JJ, Smolarek TA: Differential interaction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa reductase inhibitors with ABCB1, ABCC2, and OATP1B1. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Apr;33(4):537-46. Epub 2004 Dec 22. [PubMed:15616150]
Matsushima S, Maeda K, Kondo C, Hirano M, Sasaki M, Suzuki H, Sugiyama Y: Identification of the hepatic efflux transporters of organic anions using double-transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells expressing human organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1)/multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, OATP1B1/multidrug resistance 1, and OATP1B1/breast cancer resistance protein. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Sep;314(3):1059-67. Epub 2005 May 18. [PubMed:15901800]

Details4. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Inhibitor

General Function: Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function: Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and conjugated (taurocholate) and unconjugated (cholate) bile acids (By similarity). Selectively inhibit...
Gene Name: SLCO1A2
Uniprot ID: P46721
Uniprot Name: Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2
Molecular Weight: 74144.105 Da

References

Hsiang B, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Wu Y, Sasseville V, Yang WP, Kirchgessner TG: A novel human hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP2). Identification of a liver-specific human organic anion transporting polypeptide and identification of rat and human hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor transporters. J Biol Chem. 1999 Dec 24;274(52):37161-8. [PubMed:10601278]

Details5. Solute carrier family 22 member 6

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Inhibitor

General Function: Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function: Involved in the renal elimination of endogenous and exogenous organic anions. Functions as organic anion exchanger when the uptake of one molecule of organic anion is coupled with an efflux of one ...
Gene Name: SLC22A6
Uniprot ID: Q4U2R8
Uniprot Name: Solute carrier family 22 member 6
Molecular Weight: 61815.78 Da

References

Khamdang S, Takeda M, Shimoda M, Noshiro R, Narikawa S, Huang XL, Enomoto A, Piyachaturawat P, Endou H: Interactions of human- and rat-organic anion transporters with pravastatin and cimetidine. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 Feb;94(2):197-202. [PubMed:14978359]
Hasegawa M, Kusuhara H, Sugiyama D, Ito K, Ueda S, Endou H, Sugiyama Y: Functional involvement of rat organic anion transporter 3 (rOat3; Slc22a8) in the renal uptake of organic anions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Mar;300(3):746-53. [PubMed:11861777]

Details6. Solute carrier family 22 member 8

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate
Inhibitor

General Function: Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function: Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenad...
Gene Name: SLC22A8
Uniprot ID: Q8TCC7
Uniprot Name: Solute carrier family 22 member 8
Molecular Weight: 59855.585 Da

References

Khamdang S, Takeda M, Shimoda M, Noshiro R, Narikawa S, Huang XL, Enomoto A, Piyachaturawat P, Endou H: Interactions of human- and rat-organic anion transporters with pravastatin and cimetidine. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 Feb;94(2):197-202. [PubMed:14978359]
Ohtsuki S, Kikkawa T, Mori S, Hori S, Takanaga H, Otagiri M, Terasaki T: Mouse reduced in osteosclerosis transporter functions as an organic anion transporter 3 and is localized at abluminal membrane of blood-brain barrier. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Jun;309(3):1273-81. Epub 2004 Feb 4. [PubMed:14762099]
Hasegawa M, Kusuhara H, Sugiyama D, Ito K, Ueda S, Endou H, Sugiyama Y: Functional involvement of rat organic anion transporter 3 (rOat3; Slc22a8) in the renal uptake of organic anions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Mar;300(3):746-53. [PubMed:11861777]

Details7. Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate
Inhibitor

General Function: Organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function: Mediates hepatobiliary excretion of numerous organic anions. May function as a cellular cisplatin transporter.
Gene Name: ABCC2
Uniprot ID: Q92887
Uniprot Name: Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1
Molecular Weight: 174205.64 Da

References

Chen C, Mireles RJ, Campbell SD, Lin J, Mills JB, Xu JJ, Smolarek TA: Differential interaction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa reductase inhibitors with ABCB1, ABCC2, and OATP1B1. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Apr;33(4):537-46. Epub 2004 Dec 22. [PubMed:15616150]
Yamazaki M, Akiyama S, Ni'inuma K, Nishigaki R, Sugiyama Y: Biliary excretion of pravastatin in rats: contribution of the excretion pathway mediated by canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter. Drug Metab Dispos. 1997 Oct;25(10):1123-9. [PubMed:9321514]
Sasaki M, Suzuki H, Ito K, Abe T, Sugiyama Y: Transcellular transport of organic anions across a double-transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney II cell monolayer expressing both human organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP2/SLC21A6) and Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2). J Biol Chem. 2002 Feb 22;277(8):6497-503. Epub 2001 Dec 17. [PubMed:11748225]
Matsushima S, Maeda K, Kondo C, Hirano M, Sasaki M, Suzuki H, Sugiyama Y: Identification of the hepatic efflux transporters of organic anions using double-transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells expressing human organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1)/multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, OATP1B1/multidrug resistance 1, and OATP1B1/breast cancer resistance protein. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Sep;314(3):1059-67. Epub 2005 May 18. [PubMed:15901800]

Details8. Solute carrier family 22 member 11

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Inhibitor

General Function: Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function: Mediates saturable uptake of estrone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and related compounds.
Gene Name: SLC22A11
Uniprot ID: Q9NSA0
Uniprot Name: Solute carrier family 22 member 11
Molecular Weight: 59970.945 Da

References

Khamdang S, Takeda M, Shimoda M, Noshiro R, Narikawa S, Huang XL, Enomoto A, Piyachaturawat P, Endou H: Interactions of human- and rat-organic anion transporters with pravastatin and cimetidine. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 Feb;94(2):197-202. [PubMed:14978359]

Details9. ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate
Inhibitor

General Function: Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function: High-capacity urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion. Plays a role in porphyrin homeostasis as it is able to mediates the export of protoporhyrin IX (PPIX) both fro...
Gene Name: ABCG2
Uniprot ID: Q9UNQ0
Uniprot Name: ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2
Molecular Weight: 72313.47 Da

References

Suzuki M, Suzuki H, Sugimoto Y, Sugiyama Y: ABCG2 transports sulfated conjugates of steroids and xenobiotics. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 20;278(25):22644-9. Epub 2003 Apr 7. [PubMed:12682043]
Matsushima S, Maeda K, Kondo C, Hirano M, Sasaki M, Suzuki H, Sugiyama Y: Identification of the hepatic efflux transporters of organic anions using double-transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells expressing human organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1)/multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, OATP1B1/multidrug resistance 1, and OATP1B1/breast cancer resistance protein. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Sep;314(3):1059-67. Epub 2005 May 18. [PubMed:15901800]

Details10. Solute carrier family 22 member 7

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Inhibitor

General Function: Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function: Mediates sodium-independent multispecific organic anion transport. Transport of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2, tetracycline, bumetanide, estrone sulfate, glutarate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulf...
Gene Name: SLC22A7
Uniprot ID: Q9Y694
Uniprot Name: Solute carrier family 22 member 7
Molecular Weight: 60025.025 Da

References

Khamdang S, Takeda M, Shimoda M, Noshiro R, Narikawa S, Huang XL, Enomoto A, Piyachaturawat P, Endou H: Interactions of human- and rat-organic anion transporters with pravastatin and cimetidine. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 Feb;94(2):197-202. [PubMed:14978359]

Details11. Monocarboxylate transporter 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Symporter activity
Specific Function: Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporter. Catalyzes the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, branched-chain oxo acids derived from leucin...
Gene Name: SLC16A1
Uniprot ID: P53985
Uniprot Name: Monocarboxylate transporter 1
Molecular Weight: 53943.685 Da

References

Tamai I, Takanaga H, Maeda H, Ogihara T, Yoneda M, Tsuji A: Proton-cotransport of pravastatin across intestinal brush-border membrane. Pharm Res. 1995 Nov;12(11):1727-32. [PubMed:8592677]

Details12. Bile salt export pump

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Transporter activity
Specific Function: Involved in the ATP-dependent secretion of bile salts into the canaliculus of hepatocytes.
Gene Name: ABCB11
Uniprot ID: O95342
Uniprot Name: Bile salt export pump
Molecular Weight: 146405.83 Da

References

Morisawa Y, Takikawa H: Effect of bile acids on the biliary excretion of pravastatin in rats. Hepatol Res. 2009 Jun;39(6):595-600. doi: 10.1111/j.1872-034X.2009.00493.x. Epub 2009 Feb 24. [PubMed:19260999]

Details13. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function: Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions such as 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, taurocholate, triiodothyronine (T3), leukotriene C4, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), methotre...
Gene Name: SLCO1B3
Uniprot ID: Q9NPD5
Uniprot Name: Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3
Molecular Weight: 77402.175 Da

References

Link [Link]

Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on September 24, 2018 02:40

Pravastatin

Identification

Structure for Pravastatin (DB00175)

Pharmacology

Interactions

References

Clinical Trials

Pharmacoeconomics

Properties

Spectra

Taxonomy

Targets

References

Enzymes

References

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Transporters

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