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References

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Economics

Properties

Spectra

Taxonomy

Ipratropium

Targets (3)Enzymes (2)Transporters (2)Biointeractions (7)

Identification

Name

Ipratropium

Accession Number

DB00332 (APRD00537)

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved

Description

A muscarinic antagonist structurally related to atropine but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic.

Structure

Similar Structures

Synonyms

Ipratropium cation
Ipratropium ion

Product Ingredients

Ingredient	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Ipratropium bromide	VJV4X1P2Z1	22254-24-6	LHLMOSXCXGLMMN-WDTICOSOSA-M
Ipratropium bromide monohydrate	J697UZ2A9J	66985-17-9	KEWHKYJURDBRMN-XSAPEOHZSA-M
Ipratropium chloride	Not Available	Not Available	MQIPRYDNKGFOGV-WDTICOSOSA-M

Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Atrovent	Aerosol, metered	17 ug/1	Respiratory (inhalation)	Physicians Total Care, Inc.	1995-08-07	2006-01-20
Atrovent	Spray, metered	21 ug/1	Nasal	Physicians Total Care, Inc.	2006-03-31	Not applicable
Atrovent	Spray, metered	42 ug/1	Nasal	Remedy Repack	2018-03-14	2018-03-14
Atrovent	Aerosol, metered	18 ug/1	Respiratory (inhalation)	Boehringer Ingelheim	1986-12-19	2006-06-02
Atrovent	Spray, metered	42 ug/1	Nasal	Boehringer Ingelheim	1996-01-01	Not applicable
Atrovent	Spray, metered	42 ug/1	Nasal	Physicians Total Care, Inc.	2003-05-23	2011-06-30
Atrovent	Solution	250 mcg	Respiratory (inhalation)	Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd Ltee	1988-12-31	2007-10-11
Atrovent	Spray, metered	21 ug/1	Nasal	Boehringer Ingelheim	1996-01-01	Not applicable
Atrovent HFA	Aerosol, metered	17 ug/1	Respiratory (inhalation)	Boehringer Ingelheim	2005-05-01	Not applicable
Atrovent HFA	Aerosol, metered	20 mcg	Respiratory (inhalation)	Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd Ltee	2004-03-24	Not applicable

Generic Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Apo-ipravent Solution - Inh 250mcg/ml	Solution	250 mcg	Respiratory (inhalation)	Apotex Corporation	1994-12-31	Not applicable
Apo-ipravent Sterules	Solution	250 mcg	Respiratory (inhalation)	Apotex Corporation	1998-07-09	Not applicable
Apo-ipravent Sterules	Solution	125 mcg	Respiratory (inhalation)	Apotex Corporation	2001-08-28	Not applicable
Dom-ipratropium	Solution	21 mcg	Nasal	Dominion Pharmacal	1999-09-15	Not applicable
Dom-ipratropium 125 Mcg/ml	Liquid	125 mcg	Respiratory (inhalation)	Dominion Pharmacal	Not applicable	Not applicable
Dom-ipratropium 250 Mcg/ml (1 Ml)	Liquid	250 mcg	Respiratory (inhalation)	Dominion Pharmacal	Not applicable	Not applicable
Dom-ipratropium 250 Mcg/ml (2 Ml)	Liquid	250 mcg	Respiratory (inhalation)	Dominion Pharmacal	Not applicable	Not applicable
Dom-ipratropium 250 Mcg/ml (20 Ml)	Liquid	250 mcg	Respiratory (inhalation)	Dominion Pharmacal	Not applicable	Not applicable
Ipratropium Bromide	Solution	0.5 mg/2.5mL	Respiratory (inhalation)	A-S Medication Solutions	2011-02-01	Not applicable
Ipratropium Bromide	Solution	0.5 mg/2.5mL	Respiratory (inhalation)	Physicians Total Care, Inc.	1998-12-03	Not applicable

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Apo-salvent-ipravent Sterules	Ipratropium bromide (0.5 mg) + Salbutamol (2.5 mg)	Solution	Respiratory (inhalation)	Apotex Corporation	2006-08-25	Not applicable
Combivent	Ipratropium bromide monohydrate (18 ug/1) + Salbutamol sulfate (90 ug/1)	Aerosol, metered	Respiratory (inhalation)	Physicians Total Care, Inc.	2000-09-18	2013-06-30
Combivent	Ipratropium bromide monohydrate (18 ug/1) + Salbutamol sulfate (90 ug/1)	Aerosol, metered	Respiratory (inhalation)	Boehringer Ingelheim	1997-06-01	2014-09-30
Combivent Inhalation Aerosol	Ipratropium bromide (20 mcg) + Salbutamol sulfate (120 mcg)	Aerosol, metered	Oral; Respiratory (inhalation)	Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd Ltee	1995-12-31	2007-10-02
Combivent Respimat	Ipratropium bromide (20 mcg) + Salbutamol (100 mcg)	Solution	Respiratory (inhalation)	Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd Ltee	2014-09-16	Not applicable
Combivent Respimat	Ipratropium bromide monohydrate (20 ug/1) + Salbutamol sulfate (120 ug/1)	Spray, metered	Respiratory (inhalation)	Boehringer Ingelheim	2012-07-01	Not applicable
Combivent Udv	Ipratropium bromide (0.2 mg) + Salbutamol (1 mg)	Solution	Respiratory (inhalation)	Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd Ltee	1997-07-25	Not applicable
DuoNeb	Ipratropium bromide monohydrate (0.5 mg/3mL) + Salbutamol sulfate (2.5 mg/3mL)	Solution	Respiratory (inhalation)	Physicians Total Care, Inc.	2007-06-06	2012-06-30
DuoNeb	Ipratropium bromide monohydrate (0.5 mg/3mL) + Salbutamol sulfate (2.5 mg/3mL)	Solution	Respiratory (inhalation)	Mylan Specialty	2011-02-15	2014-06-30
Duovent Udv	Ipratropium bromide (0.125 mg) + Fenoterol hydrobromide (0.3125 mg)	Solution	Oral; Respiratory (inhalation)	Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd Ltee	1995-12-31	2017-01-31

Unapproved/Other Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Ipratropium Bromide	Ipratropium bromide monohydrate (0.5 mg/2.5mL)	Solution	Respiratory (inhalation)	Cobalt Laboratories, Inc.	2007-09-14	Not applicable
Ipratropium Bromide	Ipratropium bromide monohydrate (0.5 mg/1mL)	Solution	Respiratory (inhalation)	Cantrell Drug Company	2012-10-12	2015-01-14

International/Other Brands

Aerovent (Teva) / Apovent (Apotex Inc.) / Atronase (Boehringer Ingelheim) / Ipraxa (Ivax) / Ipvent (Cipla Medpro) / Rhinovent (Boehringer Ingelheim) / Rinatec (Boehringer Ingelheim) / Rinovagos (Valeas)

Categories

UNII

GR88G0I6UL

CAS number

60205-81-4

Weight

Average: 332.463
Monoisotopic: 332.22202025

Chemical Formula

C₂₀H₃₀NO₃

InChI Key

OEXHQOGQTVQTAT-BHIXFJMTSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/C20H30NO3/c1-14(2)21(3)16-9-10-17(21)12-18(11-16)24-20(23)19(13-22)15-7-5-4-6-8-15/h4-8,14,16-19,22H,9-13H2,1-3H3/q+1/t16-,17+,18+,19?,21?

IUPAC Name

(1R,3R,5S)-3-[(3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy]-8-methyl-8-(propan-2-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-ium

SMILES

[H][C@]12CC[C@]([H])(C[C@@H](C1)OC(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+]2(C)C(C)C

Pharmacology

Indication

For maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Associated Conditions

Pharmacodynamics

Ipratropium bromide, a synthetic ammonium compound structurally similar to atropine, is used as a bronchodilator in the management of cholinergic-mediated bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in the treatment of rhinorrhea associated with the common cold or with allergic or nonallergic seasonal rhinitis.

Mechanism of action

Ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic agent. It blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors, without specificity for subtypes, resulting in a decrease in the formation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Most likely due to actions of cGMP on intracellular calcium, this results in decreased contractility of smooth muscle.

Target	Actions	Organism
AMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	antagonist	Human
AMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2	antagonist	Human
AMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	antagonist	Human

Absorption

Inhalation (local)-minimal; Nasal-rapid and minimal

Volume of distribution

4.6 L/kg

Protein binding

Minimally (0 to 9% in vitro) bound to plasma albumin and α1-acid glycoproteins

Metabolism

Partially metabolized to at least 8 metabolites formed primarily via hydrolysis and conjugation. The main metabolites are N-isopropylnortropium methobromide, which is formed by enzymatic hydrolysis of the ester; α-phenylacrylic acid-N-isopropylnortropine-ester methobromide, which is formed by enzymatic loss of a water; and phenylacetic acid-N-isopropylnortropine-ester methobromide, which is formed by enzymatic loss of a CH₃OH-group. These metabolites appear to be inactive.

Route of elimination

Primarily eliminated renally via active secretion.

Half life

2-4 hours after administration orally, IV or by oral inhalation (radiolabeled ipratropium bromide assay measures parent drug and its metabolites). Using a radioreceptor assay that measures only unchanged ipratropium bromide, the initial distribution-phase half-life (t_{1/2 α}) and terminal elimination-phase half-life (t_{1/2 β}) were 0.07 and 1.6 hours, respectively, following a single 2 mg IV dose of the drug in healthy adults.

Clearance

2.3 L/min (total clearance of active ingredient)

Toxicity

LD₅₀=1001mg/kg (orally in mice)

Affected organisms

Humans and other mammals

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

Drug	Interaction
(2-benzhydryloxyethyl)diethyl-methylammonium iodide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when (2-benzhydryloxyethyl)diethyl-methylammonium iodide is combined with Ipratropium.
1,10-Phenanthroline	The therapeutic efficacy of Ipratropium can be decreased when used in combination with 1,10-Phenanthroline.
Aclidinium	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Aclidinium.
Agmatine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Agmatine.
Ajulemic acid	The risk or severity of Tachycardia and drowsiness can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Ajulemic acid.
Alclometasone	The metabolism of Alclometasone can be decreased when combined with Ipratropium.
Alcuronium	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Alcuronium.
Alfentanil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Alfentanil.
Alfuzosin	The metabolism of Alfuzosin can be decreased when combined with Ipratropium.
Alphacetylmethadol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Alphacetylmethadol.

Food Interactions

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Abdine HH, Belala F, and Al-Badra AA. (2003). Ipratropium bromide: Methods of chemical and biochemical synthesis. In H.G. Brittain (Ed.). Profiles of drug substances, excipients and related methodology (pp. 85-99). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Academic Press.

General References

Yamatake Y, Sasagawa S, Yanaura S, Okamiya Y: [Antiallergic asthma effect of ipatropium bromide (Sch 1000) in dogs (author's transl)]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 1977 Oct;73(7):785-91. [PubMed:145994]

External Links

Human Metabolome Database: HMDB0014476
KEGG Compound: C07052
PubChem Compound: 657308
PubChem Substance: 46506138
ChemSpider: 19962157
ChEBI: 46659
ChEMBL: CHEMBL1621597
Therapeutic Targets Database: DNC000806
PharmGKB: PA450082
IUPHAR: 325
Guide to Pharmacology: GtP Drug Page
RxList: RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com: Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia: Ipratropium_bromide

ATC Codes

R03BB01 — Ipratropium bromide

R03AL01 — Fenoterol and ipratropium bromide

R03AL02 — Salbutamol and ipratropium bromide

R01AX03 — Ipratropium bromide

AHFS Codes

12:08.08 — Antimuscarinics Antispasmodics

FDA label

Download (88.1 KB)

MSDS

Download (72.7 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
1	Completed	Basic Science	Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive	1
1	Completed	Diagnostic	Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive	1
1	Recruiting	Treatment	Status Asthmaticus	1
1, 2	Recruiting	Treatment	Exercise Induced Laryngeal Obstruction (EILO)	1
2	Completed	Diagnostic	Lung Diseases, Obstructive	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)	4
2	Completed	Treatment	Parkinson's Disease (PD)	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive	3
3	Completed	Prevention	Chronic Lung Diseases / Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) / Lung Diseases, Obstructive	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Asthma Bronchial	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Familial Dysautonomia	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive	8
3	Terminated	Treatment	Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive	1
4	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Asthma Bronchial	1
4	Completed	Diagnostic	Asthma Bronchial	1
4	Completed	Supportive Care	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) / Sepsis / Shock	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Asthma Acute / Asthma Bronchial / Reactive Airway Exacerbation	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)	5
4	Completed	Treatment	Cold	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive	5
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease / Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Asthma Bronchial	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)	1
4	Terminated	Treatment	Asthma Bronchial	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Dyspnea / Quadriplegia	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Mild Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease / Physical Activity / Respiratory Symptoms	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive	6
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Acute Rhinitis	1
Not Available	Completed	Diagnostic	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)	2
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Acute Lung Injury (ALI) / Anaesthesia therapy / Extravascular Lung Water / Intensive Care, Surgical / Thoracotomy	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Asthma Bronchial	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Bronchitis	1
Not Available	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Asthma Acute / Asthma in Children	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Not Available	Lung Diseases, Interstitial	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Treatment	Asthma Bronchial / Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)	1
Not Available	Terminated	Basic Science	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Not Available	Electrophysiological Parameters / Influence of Nebulized Bronchodilatators on Selected	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Diagnostic	Chronic, severe Obstructive Pulmonary Disease / Dyspnea / Moderate Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Treatment	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Boehringer ingelheim pharmaceuticals inc
Actavis mid atlantic llc
Bausch and lomb pharmaceuticals inc
Cobalt laboratories inc
Dey lp
Holopack international corp
Landela pharmaceutical
Nephron corp
Novex pharma
Pharmascience inc
Roxane laboratories inc
Teva parenteral medicines inc
Bausch and lomb inc

Packagers

3M Health Care
Apotex Inc.
A-S Medication Solutions LLC
Automatic Liquid Packaging Inc.
Bausch & Lomb Inc.
Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd.
Cardinal Health
Catalent Pharma Solutions
Cipla Ltd.
Cobalt Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Dey Pharma LP
Dispensing Solutions
Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
Eon Labs
Holopack International Corp.
Ivax Pharmaceuticals
Medisca Inc.
Mylan
Nephron Pharmaceuticals Corp.
Novex Pharma
Pharmedix
Physicians Total Care Inc.
Redpharm Drug
Roxane Labs
Rx Elite
Sifavitor Srl
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
Watson Pharmaceuticals

Dosage forms

Form	Route	Strength
Solution	Respiratory (inhalation)	250 mcg
Aerosol, metered	Respiratory (inhalation)	18 ug/1
Spray, metered	Nasal	21 ug/1
Aerosol, metered	Respiratory (inhalation)	20 mcg
Aerosol	Nasal; Respiratory (inhalation)	20 mcg
Solution	Nasal	21 mcg
Solution	Nasal	42 mcg
Aerosol, metered	Respiratory (inhalation)	17 ug/1
Aerosol, metered	Respiratory (inhalation)
Aerosol, metered	Oral; Respiratory (inhalation)
Spray, metered	Respiratory (inhalation)
Liquid	Respiratory (inhalation)	125 mcg
Liquid	Respiratory (inhalation)	250 mcg
Solution	Oral; Respiratory (inhalation)
Liquid	Respiratory (inhalation)	0.30 mg
Solution	Respiratory (inhalation)	0.5 mg/2.5mL
Solution	Respiratory (inhalation)	0.5 mg/1mL
Solution	Respiratory (inhalation)	500 ug/2.5mL
Spray	Nasal	21 ug/1
Spray	Nasal	42 ug/1
Spray	Respiratory (inhalation)	21 ug/1
Spray	Respiratory (inhalation)	42 ug/1
Spray, metered	Nasal	42 ug/1
Inhalant	Respiratory (inhalation)
Solution	Respiratory (inhalation)
Solution	Respiratory (inhalation)	.25 mg
Liquid	Respiratory (inhalation)	0.25 mg
Solution	Nasal; Respiratory (inhalation)	250 mcg
Solution	Respiratory (inhalation)	125 mcg

Prices

Unit description	Cost	Unit
Atrovent HFA 17 mcg/act Aerosol 12.9 gm Inhaler	143.59USD	inhaler
Ipratropium bromide powder	100.06USD	g
Atrovent 0.03% Solution 30ml Nasal Spray	96.95USD	bottle
Atrovent 0.06% Solution 15ml Nasal Spray	84.68USD	bottle
Ipratropium Bromide 0.03% Solution 30ml Bottle	53.82USD	bottle
Ipratropium Bromide 0.06% Solution 15ml Bottle	46.14USD	bottle
Ipratropium Bromide 0.02% Solution Each Box Contains Twenty-Five 2.5ml Vials	45.86USD	box
Atrovent hfa inhaler	11.89USD	g
Atrovent 0.06% spray	5.33USD	ml
Atrovent 0.03% spray	3.11USD	ml
Ipratropium 0.06% spray	2.96USD	ml
Ipratropium 0.03% spray	1.73USD	ml
Atrovent 0.03 % Spray	1.04USD	ml
Apo-Ipravent 250 mcg/ml Solution	0.58USD	ml
Mylan-Ipratropium 250 mcg/ml Solution	0.58USD	ml
Novo-Ipramide 250 mcg/ml Solution	0.58USD	ml
Pms-Ipratropium 0.03 % Spray	0.58USD	ml
Pms-Ipratropium 250 mcg/ml Solution	0.58USD	ml
Atrovent Hfa 20 mcg/dose Metered Dose Aerosol	0.1USD	metered dose aerosol

DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.

Patents

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Approved	Expires (estimated)
US5766573	No	1992-11-28	2009-11-28
CA2151383	No	2005-02-08	2013-12-06
US6632842	No	2001-12-28	2021-12-28
US8474447	No	2010-01-17	2030-01-17
US6739333	No	2000-05-26	2020-05-26
US6983743	No	2000-05-26	2020-05-26
US6453795	Yes	1997-06-05	2017-06-05
US8733341	Yes	2011-04-16	2031-04-16
US9027967	Yes	2007-10-01	2027-10-01
US7104470	Yes	1997-04-04	2017-04-04
US7246615	Yes	1996-12-01	2016-12-01
US7896264	Yes	2005-11-26	2025-11-26
US7988001	Yes	2002-02-04	2022-02-04
US7802568	Yes	1999-08-26	2019-08-26
US6149054	Yes	1997-06-16	2017-06-16
US6726124	Yes	1997-04-04	2017-04-04
US7396341	Yes	2007-04-10	2027-04-10
US6846413	Yes	1999-02-28	2019-02-28
US6176442	Yes	1996-12-01	2016-12-01
US7837235	Yes	2008-09-13	2028-09-13
US5964416	Yes	1997-04-04	2017-04-04
US7284474	Yes	2005-02-26	2025-02-26
US6977042	Yes	1999-02-28	2019-02-28
US6988496	Yes	2000-08-23	2020-08-23

Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point (°C)	230-231.5 (bromide)	U.S. Patent 3,505,337
water solubility	Freely soluble	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.00122 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	0.89	ALOGPS
logP	-1.8	ChemAxon
logS	-5.5	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	15.15	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-2.7	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	2	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	1	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	46.53 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	6	ChemAxon
Refractivity	105.9 m³·mol^-1	ChemAxon
Polarizability	37.57 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	3	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Predicted ADMET features

Property	Value	Probability
Human Intestinal Absorption	-	0.9425
Blood Brain Barrier	+	0.8883
Caco-2 permeable	+	0.6619
P-glycoprotein substrate	Substrate	0.5085
P-glycoprotein inhibitor I	Non-inhibitor	0.8489
P-glycoprotein inhibitor II	Non-inhibitor	0.5964
Renal organic cation transporter	Inhibitor	0.6651
CYP450 2C9 substrate	Non-substrate	0.7214
CYP450 2D6 substrate	Non-substrate	0.7637
CYP450 3A4 substrate	Substrate	0.6657
CYP450 1A2 substrate	Non-inhibitor	0.8412
CYP450 2C9 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9118
CYP450 2D6 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.8915
CYP450 2C19 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.8783
CYP450 3A4 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9396
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity	Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity	0.9528
Ames test	Non AMES toxic	0.7112
Carcinogenicity	Non-carcinogens	0.8979
Biodegradation	Ready biodegradable	0.5154
Rat acute toxicity	2.7983 LD50, mol/kg	Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)	Weak inhibitor	0.9596
hERG inhibition (predictor II)	Inhibitor	0.5879

ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST): Not Available
Spectra: Not Available

Taxonomy

Classification: Not classified

Targets

Details1. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Antagonist

General Function: Phosphatidylinositol phospholipase c activity
Specific Function: The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
Gene Name: CHRM1
Uniprot ID: P11229
Uniprot Name: Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1
Molecular Weight: 51420.375 Da

References

Wellington K: Ipratropium bromide HFA. Treat Respir Med. 2005;4(3):215-20; discussion 221-2. [PubMed:15987237]

Details2. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Antagonist

General Function: G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor activity
Specific Function: The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
Gene Name: CHRM2
Uniprot ID: P08172
Uniprot Name: Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2
Molecular Weight: 51714.605 Da

References

Wellington K: Ipratropium bromide HFA. Treat Respir Med. 2005;4(3):215-20; discussion 221-2. [PubMed:15987237]

Details3. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Antagonist

General Function: Receptor activity
Specific Function: The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
Gene Name: CHRM3
Uniprot ID: P20309
Uniprot Name: Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3
Molecular Weight: 66127.445 Da

References

Wellington K: Ipratropium bromide HFA. Treat Respir Med. 2005;4(3):215-20; discussion 221-2. [PubMed:15987237]

Enzymes

Details1. Cytochrome P450 2D6

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function: Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
Gene Name: CYP2D6
Uniprot ID: P10635
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 2D6
Molecular Weight: 55768.94 Da

References

Keam SJ, Keating GM: Tiotropium bromide. A review of its use as maintenance therapy in patients with COPD. Treat Respir Med. 2004;3(4):247-68. [PubMed:15350163]

Details2. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function: Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name: CYP3A4
Uniprot ID: P08684
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight: 57342.67 Da

References

Keam SJ, Keating GM: Tiotropium bromide. A review of its use as maintenance therapy in patients with COPD. Treat Respir Med. 2004;3(4):247-68. [PubMed:15350163]

Transporters

Details1. Solute carrier family 22 member 5

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Symporter activity
Specific Function: Sodium-ion dependent, high affinity carnitine transporter. Involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine. Transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cat...
Gene Name: SLC22A5
Uniprot ID: O76082
Uniprot Name: Solute carrier family 22 member 5
Molecular Weight: 62751.08 Da

References

Nakamura T, Nakanishi T, Haruta T, Shirasaka Y, Keogh JP, Tamai I: Transport of ipratropium, an anti-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease drug, is mediated by organic cation/carnitine transporters in human bronchial epithelial cells: implications for carrier-mediated pulmonary absorption. Mol Pharm. 2010 Feb 1;7(1):187-95. doi: 10.1021/mp900206j. [PubMed:20020740]

Details2. Solute carrier family 22 member 4

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Symporter activity
Specific Function: Sodium-ion dependent, low affinity carnitine transporter. Probably transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) without...
Gene Name: SLC22A4
Uniprot ID: Q9H015
Uniprot Name: Solute carrier family 22 member 4
Molecular Weight: 62154.48 Da

References

Nakamura T, Nakanishi T, Haruta T, Shirasaka Y, Keogh JP, Tamai I: Transport of ipratropium, an anti-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease drug, is mediated by organic cation/carnitine transporters in human bronchial epithelial cells: implications for carrier-mediated pulmonary absorption. Mol Pharm. 2010 Feb 1;7(1):187-95. doi: 10.1021/mp900206j. [PubMed:20020740]

Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on September 21, 2018 00:21

Ipratropium

Identification

Structure for Ipratropium (DB00332)

Pharmacology

Interactions

References

Clinical Trials

Pharmacoeconomics

Properties

Spectra

Taxonomy

Targets

References

References

References

Enzymes

References

References

Transporters

References

References