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IdentificationPharmacologyInteractionsReferencesTrialsEconomicsPropertiesSpectraTaxonomyPemetrexed
Identification
- Name
- Pemetrexed
- Accession Number
- DB00642 (APRD00573, EXPT02075)
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Description
Pemetrexed is a chemotherapy drug that is manufactured and marketed by Eli Lilly and Company under the brand name Alimta. It is indicated for use in combination with cisplatin for the treatment of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma whose disease is either unresectable or who are otherwise not candidates for curative surgery. Its use in non-small cell lung cancer has also been investigated.
- Structure
Structure for Pemetrexed (DB00642)
- Synonyms
- Pemetrexed
- External IDs
- LY-231514 / LY231514 / NSC-698037
- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Pemetrexed disodium 2PKU919BA9 150399-23-8 NYDXNILOWQXUOF-GXKRWWSZSA-L Pemetrexed disodium hemipentahydrate F4GSH45R4C 357166-30-4 ZCTCZKWJFTYNMZ-WKUCUCPSSA-J Pemetrexed disodium heptahydrate 9T47E4OM16 357166-29-1 QJVSMHJWAOSBMD-MYXYZBIASA-L Pemetrexed monohydrate 236Y2F7D9J Not Available NBNBOZLBWLNZHB-ZOWNYOTGSA-N - Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Unlock Additional DataAct Pemetrexed Powder, for solution 1000 mg Intravenous Actavis Pharma Company Not applicable Not applicable Canada 
Act Pemetrexed Powder, for solution 500 mg Intravenous Actavis Pharma Company Not applicable Not applicable Canada Act Pemetrexed Powder, for solution 100 mg Intravenous Actavis Pharma Company Not applicable Not applicable Canada Alimta Powder, for solution 100 mg Intravenous Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd. 2009-01-09 Not applicable Canada Alimta Injection, powder, for solution 100 mg Intravenous Eli Lilly Nederland B.V. 2004-09-20 Not applicable EU 
Alimta Powder, for solution 500 mg Intravenous Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd. 2004-08-03 Not applicable Canada Alimta Injection, powder, for solution 500 mg Intravenous Eli Lilly Nederland B.V. 2004-09-20 Not applicable EU Alimta Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution 500 mg/20mL Intravenous Eli Lilly and Company 2004-02-04 Not applicable US 
Alimta Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution 100 mg/4mL Intravenous Eli Lilly and Company 2007-09-07 Not applicable US Pemetrexed Powder, for solution 500 mg Intravenous Apotex Corporation Not applicable Not applicable Canada Additional Data Available- Application NumberApplication Number
A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.
Learn more - Product CodeProduct Code
A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.
Learn more
- Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Unlock Additional DataCiambra Injection, powder, for solution 100 mg Intravenous Menarini International Operations Luxembourg S.A. 2015-12-02 Not applicable EU Ciambra Injection, powder, for solution 500 mg Intravenous Menarini International Operations Luxembourg S.A. 2015-12-02 Not applicable EU Pemetrexed Accord Injection, powder, for solution 500 mg Intravenous Accord Healthcare Limited 2016-01-18 Not applicable EU Pemetrexed Accord Injection, powder, for solution 100 mg Intravenous Accord Healthcare Limited 2016-01-18 Not applicable EU Pemetrexed Accord Injection, powder, for solution 1000 mg Intravenous Accord Healthcare Limited 2016-01-18 Not applicable EU Pemetrexed Hospira Injection, powder, for solution 500 mg Intravenous Hospira, Inc. 2015-11-20 Not applicable EU Pemetrexed Hospira Injection, powder, for solution 100 mg Intravenous Hospira, Inc. 2015-11-20 Not applicable EU Pemetrexed Hospira Injection, powder, for solution 1000 mg Intravenous Hospira, Inc. 2015-11-20 Not applicable EU Pemetrexed Lilly Injection, powder, for solution 500 mg Intravenous Eli Lilly Netherlands 2015-09-14 Not applicable EU Pemetrexed Lilly Injection, powder, for solution 100 mg Intravenous Eli Lilly Netherlands 2015-09-14 Not applicable EU Additional Data Available- Application NumberApplication Number
A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.
Learn more - Product CodeProduct Code
A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.
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- Categories
- Amino Acids
- Amino Acids, Acidic
- Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
- Antimetabolites
- Antineoplastic Agents
- Antineoplastic and Immunomodulating Agents
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Substrates
- Drugs that are Mainly Renally Excreted
- Drugs that are Mainly Renally Excreted with Narrow Therapeutic Index
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Folic Acid Analogues
- Folic Acid Antagonists
- Glutamates
- Guanine
- Immunosuppressive Agents
- Myelosuppressive Agents
- Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
- OAT3/SLC22A8 Substrates
- Purines
- Purinones
- UNII
- 04Q9AIZ7NO
- CAS number
- 137281-23-3
- Weight
- Average: 427.4106
Monoisotopic: 427.149183429 - Chemical Formula
- C20H21N5O6
- InChI Key
- WBXPDJSOTKVWSJ-ZDUSSCGKSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C20H21N5O6/c21-20-24-16-15(18(29)25-20)12(9-22-16)6-3-10-1-4-11(5-2-10)17(28)23-13(19(30)31)7-8-14(26)27/h1-2,4-5,9,13H,3,6-8H2,(H,23,28)(H,26,27)(H,30,31)(H4,21,22,24,25,29)/t13-/m0/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (2S)-2-{[4-(2-{4-hydroxy-2-imino-1H,2H,7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}ethyl)phenyl]formamido}pentanedioic acid
- SMILES
- [H][C@@](CCC(O)=O)(NC(=O)C1=CC=C(CCC2=CNC3=C2C(O)=NC(=N)N3)C=C1)C(O)=O
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Pharmacology
- Indication
Used in combination with cisplatin for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma in adults whose disease is unresectable or who otherwise are not candidates for potentially curative surgery. Also used as a monotherapy for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after prior chemotherapy
- Associated Conditions
- Pharmacodynamics
Preclinical studies have shown that pemetrexed inhibits the in vitro growth of mesothelioma cell lines (MSTO-211H, NCI-H2052). Studies with the MSTO-211H mesothelioma cell line showed synergistic effects when pemetrexed was combined concurrently with cisplatin.
- Mechanism of action
Pemetrexed is an antifolate containing the pyrrolopyrimidine-based nucleus that exerts its antineoplastic activity by disrupting folate-dependent metabolic processes essential for cell replication. In vitro studies have shown that pemetrexed inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT), all folate-dependent enzymes involved in the de novo biosynthesis of thymidine and purine nucleotides. Pemetrexed is transported into cells by both the reduced folate carrier and membrane folate binding protein transport systems. Once in the cell, pemetrexed is converted to polyglutamate forms by the enzyme folylpolyglutamate synthetase. The polyglutamate forms are retained in cells and are inhibitors of TS and GARFT. Polyglutamation is a time- and concentration-dependent process that occurs in tumor cells and, to a lesser extent, in normal tissues. Polyglutamated metabolites have an increased intracellular half-life resulting in prolonged drug action in malignant cells.
Target Actions Organism AThymidylate synthase inhibitorHumans ABifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH inhibitorHumans ADihydrofolate reductase inhibitorHumans ATrifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3 inhibitorHumans - Absorption
- Not Available
- Volume of distribution
- 16.1 L
- Protein binding
81%
- Metabolism
Metabolized by Cytochrome P450 Enzymes
- Route of elimination
Pemetrexed is not metabolized to an appreciable extent and is primarily eliminated in the urine, with 70% to 90% of the dose recovered unchanged within the first 24 hours following administration.
- Half life
3.5 hours
- Clearance
- 91.8 mL/min [Cancer patients with normal renal function receiving 0.2 to 838 mg/m2 infusion over a 10-minute period]
- Toxicity
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Unlock Additional Data
Additional Data Available
Adverse Effects
Comprehensive structured data on known drug adverse effects with statistical prevalence. MedDRA and ICD10 ids are provided for adverse effect conditions and symptoms.
Learn more Additional Data Available
Contraindications
Structured data covering drug contraindications. Each contraindication describes a scenario in which the drug is not to be used. Includes restrictions on co-administration, contraindicated populations, and more.
Learn more Additional Data Available
Blackbox Warnings
Structured data representing warnings from the black box section of drug labels. These warnings cover important and dangerous risks, contraindications, or adverse effects.
Learn moreInteractions
- Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction Unlock Additional Data(6R)-Folinic acid The therapeutic efficacy of Pemetrexed can be decreased when used in combination with (6R)-Folinic acid. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate The therapeutic efficacy of Pemetrexed can be decreased when used in combination with (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate. (R)-warfarin The metabolism of (R)-warfarin can be decreased when combined with Pemetrexed. (S)-Warfarin The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when (S)-Warfarin is combined with Pemetrexed. 2-Methoxyethanol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pemetrexed is combined with 2-Methoxyethanol. 4-hydroxycoumarin The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when 4-hydroxycoumarin is combined with Pemetrexed. 6-O-benzylguanine The metabolism of 6-O-benzylguanine can be decreased when combined with Pemetrexed. 8-azaguanine The metabolism of 8-azaguanine can be decreased when combined with Pemetrexed. 8-chlorotheophylline The metabolism of 8-chlorotheophylline can be decreased when combined with Pemetrexed. 9-(N-methyl-L-isoleucine)-cyclosporin A The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pemetrexed is combined with 9-(N-methyl-L-isoleucine)-cyclosporin A. Additional Data Available- Extended DescriptionExtended Description
Extended description of the mechanism of action and particular properties of each drug interaction.
Learn more - Severity
- Evidence Level
- ActionEvidence Level
An effect category for each drug interaction. Know how this interaction affects the subject drug.
Learn more
- Food Interactions
- Not Available
References
- Synthesis Reference
- US5344932
- General References
- Rollins KD, Lindley C: Pemetrexed: a multitargeted antifolate. Clin Ther. 2005 Sep;27(9):1343-82. [PubMed:16291410]
- Lansiaux A, Lokiec F: [Pemetrexed: from preclinic to clinic]. Bull Cancer. 2007;94 Spec No Actualites:S134-8. [PubMed:17845983]
- Fuld AD, Dragnev KH, Rigas JR: Pemetrexed in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2010 Jun;11(8):1387-402. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2010.482560. [PubMed:20446853]
- Adjei AA: Pemetrexed (Alimta): a novel multitargeted antifolate agent. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2003 Apr;3(2):145-56. [PubMed:12722874]
- External Links
- ATC Codes
- L01BA04 — Pemetrexed
- AHFS Codes
- 10:00.00 — Antineoplastic Agents
- PDB Entries
- 1ju6 / 1juj / 2x9g / 3k2h / 4fqs / 4kn2 / 4lvy
- FDA label
- Download (233 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Eli lilly and co
- Packagers
- Eli Lilly & Co.
- Dosage forms
Form Route Strength Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous 100 mg/4mL Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous 500 mg/20mL Powder, for solution Intravenous 100 mg Powder, for solution Intravenous 500 mg Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous 100 mg Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous 500 mg Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous 1000 mg Powder, for solution Intravenous 1000 mg - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Alimta 500 mg Solution Vial 3154.94USD vial Alimta 500 mg vial 3033.6USD vial Alimta 100 mg vial 606.72USD vial DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Unlock Additional DataUS5217974 No 1993-06-08 2011-03-29 US CA2400155 No 2009-09-15 2021-02-12 Canada CA1340794 No 1999-10-19 2016-10-19 Canada US7772209 Yes 2010-08-10 2022-05-24 US US5344932 Yes 1994-09-06 2017-01-24 US Additional Data Available- Filed On
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source logP -1.5 Not Available - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.0905 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -0.19 ALOGPS logP -0.22 ChemAxon logS -3.7 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 2.72 ChemAxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 20.82 ChemAxon Physiological Charge -2 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 9 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 7 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 187.96 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 9 ChemAxon Refractivity 120.46 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 43.28 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 3 ChemAxon Bioavailability 1 ChemAxon Rule of Five No ChemAxon Ghose Filter Yes ChemAxon Veber's Rule No ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule Yes ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.6997 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.7542 Caco-2 permeable - 0.819 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.5 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9729 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9825 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.8923 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.7547 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8204 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.6051 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.912 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8938 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9117 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8844 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8253 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9508 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.8528 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.964 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.8296 Rat acute toxicity 2.5023 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9624 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.8718
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Taxonomy
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glutamic acid and derivatives. These are compounds containing glutamic acid or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of glutamic acid at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic acids and derivatives
- Class
- Carboxylic acids and derivatives
- Sub Class
- Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
- Direct Parent
- Glutamic acid and derivatives
- Alternative Parents
- N-acyl-alpha amino acids / Hippuric acids / Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines / Benzoyl derivatives / Pyrimidones / Aminopyrimidines and derivatives / Substituted pyrroles / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives / Vinylogous amides / Heteroaromatic compounds show 9 more
- Substituents
- Glutamic acid or derivatives / Hippuric acid or derivatives / Hippuric acid / N-acyl-alpha-amino acid / N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives / Pyrrolopyrimidine / Benzamide / Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine / Benzoic acid or derivatives / Benzoyl show 27 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- pyrrolopyrimidine, N-acyl-L-glutamic acid (CHEBI:63616)
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Thymidylate synthase activity
- Specific Function
- Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway.
- Gene Name
- TYMS
- Uniprot ID
- P04818
- Uniprot Name
- Thymidylate synthase
- Molecular Weight
- 35715.65 Da
References
- Adjei AA: Gemcitabine and Pemetrexed disodium in treating breast cancer. Oncology (Williston Park). 2001 Feb;15(2 Suppl 3):34-7. [PubMed:11252887]
- Hanauske AR, Chen V, Paoletti P, Niyikiza C: Pemetrexed disodium: a novel antifolate clinically active against multiple solid tumors. Oncologist. 2001;6(4):363-73. [PubMed:11524555]
- Pivot X, Raymond E, Laguerre B, Degardin M, Cals L, Armand JP, Lefebvre JL, Gedouin D, Ripoche V, Kayitalire L, Niyikiza C, Johnson R, Latz J, Schneider M: Pemetrexed disodium in recurrent locally advanced or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Br J Cancer. 2001 Sep 1;85(5):649-55. [PubMed:11531245]
- Adjei AA: Gemcitabine and pemetrexed disodium combinations in vitro and in vivo. Lung Cancer. 2001 Dec;34 Suppl 4:S103-5. [PubMed:11742712]
- Norman P: Pemetrexed disodium (Eli Lilly). Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2001 Nov;2(11):1611-22. [PubMed:11763166]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352]
- Schultz RM, Dempsey JA: Sequence dependence of Alimta (LY231514, MTA) combined with doxorubicin in ZR-75-1 human breast carcinoma cells. Anticancer Res. 2001 Sep-Oct;21(5):3209-14. [PubMed:11848474]
- Adjei AA: Pemetrexed in the treatment of selected solid tumors. Semin Oncol. 2002 Apr;29(2 Suppl 5):50-3. [PubMed:12023793]
- Molina JR, Adjei AA: The role of Pemetrexed (Alimta , LY231514) in lung cancer therapy. Clin Lung Cancer. 2003 Jul;5(1):21-7. [PubMed:14596699]
- Giovannetti E, Mey V, Nannizzi S, Pasqualetti G, Marini L, Del Tacca M, Danesi R: Cellular and pharmacogenetics foundation of synergistic interaction of pemetrexed and gemcitabine in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Jul;68(1):110-8. Epub 2005 Mar 28. [PubMed:15795320]
- Kindler HL: Pemetrexed in pancreatic cancer. Semin Oncol. 2002 Dec;29(6 Suppl 18):49-53. [PubMed:12571811]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes 2 steps in purine biosynthesis.Promotes insulin receptor/INSR autophosphorylation and is involved in INSR internalization (PubMed:25687571).
- Gene Name
- ATIC
- Uniprot ID
- P31939
- Uniprot Name
- Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH
- Molecular Weight
- 64615.255 Da
References
- Kindler HL: Pemetrexed in pancreatic cancer. Semin Oncol. 2002 Dec;29(6 Suppl 18):49-53. [PubMed:12571811]
- Hanauske AR, Chen V, Paoletti P, Niyikiza C: Pemetrexed disodium: a novel antifolate clinically active against multiple solid tumors. Oncologist. 2001;6(4):363-73. [PubMed:11524555]
- Racanelli AC, Rothbart SB, Heyer CL, Moran RG: Therapeutics by cytotoxic metabolite accumulation: pemetrexed causes ZMP accumulation, AMPK activation, and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition. Cancer Res. 2009 Jul 1;69(13):5467-74. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-4979. Epub 2009 Jun 23. [PubMed:19549896]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Nadph binding
- Specific Function
- Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway. Catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, and for DNA pre...
- Gene Name
- DHFR
- Uniprot ID
- P00374
- Uniprot Name
- Dihydrofolate reductase
- Molecular Weight
- 21452.61 Da
References
- Hanauske AR, Chen V, Paoletti P, Niyikiza C: Pemetrexed disodium: a novel antifolate clinically active against multiple solid tumors. Oncologist. 2001;6(4):363-73. [PubMed:11524555]
- Norman P: Pemetrexed disodium (Eli Lilly). Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2001 Nov;2(11):1611-22. [PubMed:11763166]
- Mauritz R, Peters GJ, Priest DG, Assaraf YG, Drori S, Kathmann I, Noordhuis P, Bunni MA, Rosowsky A, Schornagel JH, Pinedo HM, Jansen G: Multiple mechanisms of resistance to methotrexate and novel antifolates in human CCRF-CEM leukemia cells and their implications for folate homeostasis. Biochem Pharmacol. 2002 Jan 15;63(2):105-15. [PubMed:11841783]
- Schultz RM, Dempsey JA: Sequence dependence of Alimta (LY231514, MTA) combined with doxorubicin in ZR-75-1 human breast carcinoma cells. Anticancer Res. 2001 Sep-Oct;21(5):3209-14. [PubMed:11848474]
- Adjei AA: Pemetrexed in the treatment of selected solid tumors. Semin Oncol. 2002 Apr;29(2 Suppl 5):50-3. [PubMed:12023793]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352]
- Adjei AA: Gemcitabine and Pemetrexed disodium in treating breast cancer. Oncology (Williston Park). 2001 Feb;15(2 Suppl 3):34-7. [PubMed:11252887]
- Pivot X, Raymond E, Laguerre B, Degardin M, Cals L, Armand JP, Lefebvre JL, Gedouin D, Ripoche V, Kayitalire L, Niyikiza C, Johnson R, Latz J, Schneider M: Pemetrexed disodium in recurrent locally advanced or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Br J Cancer. 2001 Sep 1;85(5):649-55. [PubMed:11531245]
- Adjei AA: Gemcitabine and pemetrexed disodium combinations in vitro and in vivo. Lung Cancer. 2001 Dec;34 Suppl 4:S103-5. [PubMed:11742712]
- Molina JR, Adjei AA: The role of Pemetrexed (Alimta , LY231514) in lung cancer therapy. Clin Lung Cancer. 2003 Jul;5(1):21-7. [PubMed:14596699]
- Giovannetti E, Mey V, Nannizzi S, Pasqualetti G, Marini L, Del Tacca M, Danesi R: Cellular and pharmacogenetics foundation of synergistic interaction of pemetrexed and gemcitabine in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Jul;68(1):110-8. Epub 2005 Mar 28. [PubMed:15795320]
- Kindler HL: Pemetrexed in pancreatic cancer. Semin Oncol. 2002 Dec;29(6 Suppl 18):49-53. [PubMed:12571811]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase activity
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- GART
- Uniprot ID
- P22102
- Uniprot Name
- Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3
- Molecular Weight
- 107766.295 Da
References
- Schultz RM, Dempsey JA: Sequence dependence of Alimta (LY231514, MTA) combined with doxorubicin in ZR-75-1 human breast carcinoma cells. Anticancer Res. 2001 Sep-Oct;21(5):3209-14. [PubMed:11848474]
- Hanauske AR, Chen V, Paoletti P, Niyikiza C: Pemetrexed disodium: a novel antifolate clinically active against multiple solid tumors. Oncologist. 2001;6(4):363-73. [PubMed:11524555]
- Molina JR, Adjei AA: The role of Pemetrexed (Alimta , LY231514) in lung cancer therapy. Clin Lung Cancer. 2003 Jul;5(1):21-7. [PubMed:14596699]
- Giovannetti E, Mey V, Nannizzi S, Pasqualetti G, Marini L, Del Tacca M, Danesi R: Cellular and pharmacogenetics foundation of synergistic interaction of pemetrexed and gemcitabine in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Jul;68(1):110-8. Epub 2005 Mar 28. [PubMed:15795320]
- Kindler HL: Pemetrexed in pancreatic cancer. Semin Oncol. 2002 Dec;29(6 Suppl 18):49-53. [PubMed:12571811]
- Adjei AA: Gemcitabine and Pemetrexed disodium in treating breast cancer. Oncology (Williston Park). 2001 Feb;15(2 Suppl 3):34-7. [PubMed:11252887]
- Pivot X, Raymond E, Laguerre B, Degardin M, Cals L, Armand JP, Lefebvre JL, Gedouin D, Ripoche V, Kayitalire L, Niyikiza C, Johnson R, Latz J, Schneider M: Pemetrexed disodium in recurrent locally advanced or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Br J Cancer. 2001 Sep 1;85(5):649-55. [PubMed:11531245]
- Adjei AA: Gemcitabine and pemetrexed disodium combinations in vitro and in vivo. Lung Cancer. 2001 Dec;34 Suppl 4:S103-5. [PubMed:11742712]
- Adjei AA: Pemetrexed in the treatment of selected solid tumors. Semin Oncol. 2002 Apr;29(2 Suppl 5):50-3. [PubMed:12023793]
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [PubMed:10592235]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- Required for the phosphorylation of the deoxyribonucleosides deoxycytidine (dC), deoxyguanosine (dG) and deoxyadenosine (dA). Has broad substrate specificity, and does not display selectivity based...
- Gene Name
- DCK
- Uniprot ID
- P27707
- Uniprot Name
- Deoxycytidine kinase
- Molecular Weight
- 30518.315 Da
References
- De Pas TM, Toffalorio F, Giovannetti E, Radice D, Russo F, Angeli I, Calamai G, Spitaleri G, Catania C, Noberasco C, Milani A, Pelosi G, Danesi R, De Braud F: Optimizing pemetrexed-gemcitabine combination in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a pharmacogenetic approach. J Thorac Oncol. 2011 Apr;6(4):768-73. doi: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e31820d7818. [PubMed:21336182]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates both influx and efflux of nucleosides across the membrane (equilibrative transporter). It is sensitive (ES) to low concentrations of the inhibitor nitrobenzylmercaptopurine riboside (NBMPR...
- Gene Name
- SLC29A1
- Uniprot ID
- Q99808
- Uniprot Name
- Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1
- Molecular Weight
- 50218.805 Da
References
- De Pas TM, Toffalorio F, Giovannetti E, Radice D, Russo F, Angeli I, Calamai G, Spitaleri G, Catania C, Noberasco C, Milani A, Pelosi G, Danesi R, De Braud F: Optimizing pemetrexed-gemcitabine combination in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a pharmacogenetic approach. J Thorac Oncol. 2011 Apr;6(4):768-73. doi: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e31820d7818. [PubMed:21336182]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenad...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A8
- Uniprot ID
- Q8TCC7
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 8
- Molecular Weight
- 59855.585 Da
References
- Pemetrexed FDA Label [File]
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on May 23, 2019 16:51