| Version |
2.5 |
| Creation Date |
2007-06-30 18:13:06 |
| Update Date |
2008-03-20 01:50:34 |
| Primary Accession Number |
DB01345 |
| Secondary Accession Number |
Not Available |
| Name |
Potassium |
| Drug Type |
- Experimental
- Small Molecule
|
| Description |
Potassium is the major cation (positive ion) inside animal cells, while sodium is the major cation outside animal cells. The concentration differences of these charged particles causes a difference in electric potential between the inside and outside of cells, known as the membrane potential. The balance between potassium and sodium is maintained by ion pumps in the cell membrane. The cell membrane potential created by potassium and sodium ions allows the cell generate an action potential—a "spike" of electrical discharge. The ability of cells to produce electrical discharge is critical for body functions such as neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and heart function. Potassium is also an essential mineral needed to regulate water balance, blood pressure and levels of acidity. |
| Synonyms |
Not Available |
| Brand Names |
Not Available |
| Brand Mixtures |
Not Available |
| Chemical IUPAC Name |
Not Available |
| Chemical Formula |
K |
| Chemical Structure |
 |
| CAS Registry Number |
Not Available |
| InChI Identifier |
Not Available |
| InChI Key |
Not Available |
| KEGG Drug |
Not Available |
| KEGG Compound |
Not Available |
| PubChem Compound |
Not Available |
| PubChem Substance |
Not Available |
| ChEBI ID |
Not Available |
| PharmGKB ID |
Not Available |
| HET ID |
Not Available |
| GenBank ID |
Not Available |
| Drug ID Number [DIN] |
Not Available |
| RxList Link |
Not Available |
| PDRhealth Link |
Not Available |
| Wikipedia Link |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium  |
| FDA Label |
|
| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) |
|
| Synthesis Reference |
Not Available |
| Average Molecular Weight |
39.0983 |
| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight |
38.9637 |
| State |
Solid |
| Melting Point |
Not Available |
| Experimental Water Solubility |
Not Available
Source: PhysProp
|
| Predicted Water Solubility |
Not Available
Calculated using ALOGPS
|
| Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity |
Not Available
Source: PhysProp
|
| Predicted LogP |
Not Available
Calculated using ALOGPS
|
| Experimental LogS |
Not Available |
| Predicted LogS |
Not Available
Calculated using ALOGPS
|
| Experimental Caco2 Permeability |
Not Available |
| pKa/Isoelectric Point |
Not Available |
| Mass Spectrum |
Not Available
|
| MOL File |
Not Available |
| SDF File |
Not Available |
| PDB File |
Not Available |
| Experimental PDB ID |
Not Available |
| Isomeric SMILES |
Not Available |
| Canonical SMILES |
Not Available |
| Drug Category |
Not Available |
| ATC Codes |
|
| AHFS Codes |
- 40:12.00
- 40:28.92
- 40:34.00*
- 68:36.08
- 84:92.00
- 88:29.00*
- 92:00.00
- 92:02.00*
|
| Indication |
Not Available |
| Pharmacology |
Not Available |
| Mechanism of Action |
Potassium is the major cation (positive ion) inside animal cells, while sodium is the major cation outside animal cells. The concentration differences of these charged particles causes a difference in electric potential between the inside and outside of cells, known as the membrane potential. The balance between potassium and sodium is maintained by ion pumps in the cell membrane. The cell membrane potential created by potassium and sodium ions allows the cell generate an action potential—a "spike" of electrical discharge. The ability of cells to produce electrical discharge is critical for body functions such as neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and heart function. Potassium is also an essential mineral needed to regulate water balance, blood pressure and levels of acidity. |
| Absorption |
Not Available |
| Toxicity |
Not Available |
| Protein Binding |
Not Available |
| Biotransformation |
Not Available |
| Half Life |
Not Available |
| Dosage Forms |
| Form |
Route |
| Aerosol |
Oral |
| Capsule |
Oral |
| Capsule, extended release |
Oral |
| Elixir |
Oral |
| Liquid |
Intravenous |
| Liquid |
Oral |
| Liquid |
Sublingual |
| Powder |
Oral |
| Powder, for solution |
Oral |
| Solution |
Intravenous |
| Solution |
Oral |
| Solution / drops |
Oral |
| Tablet |
Oral |
| Tablet, extended release |
Oral |
|
| Patient Information |
Not Available |
| Contraindications |
Not Available |
| Interactions |
Not Available |
| Drug Interactions |
| Drug |
Interaction |
| Amiloride |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Benazepril |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Candesartan |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Captopril |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Cilazapril |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Drospirenone |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Enalapril |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Eplerenone |
This association presents an increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Eprosartan |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Forasartan |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Fosinopril |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Irbesartan |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Lisinopril |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Losartan |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Moexipril |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Perindopril |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Polystyrene sulfonate |
Antagonism of action |
| Quinapril |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Ramipril |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Saprisartan |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Spirapril |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Spironolactone |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Tasosartan |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Telmisartan |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Trandolapril |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Triamterene |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
| Valsartan |
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia |
|
| Food Interactions |
Not Available
|
| Pathways |
Not Available
|
| General References |
- Wikipedia

|
| Organisms Affected |
Not Available |
| Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzymes |
- Cytochrome P450 11B2 (CYP11B2)
|
| Targets |
- Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase alpha-1 chain
|
|
Drug Target 1
[top]
|
| Target 1 ID |
806 |
| Target 1 Name |
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase alpha-1 chain |
| Target 1 Synonyms |
- EC 3.6.3.9
- Na(+)/K(+) ATPase alpha-1 subunit
- Sodium pump subunit alpha 1
- Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase alpha-1 chain precursor
|
| Target 1 Gene Name |
ATP1A1 |
| Target 1 Protein Sequence |
>Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase alpha-1 chain precursor
MGKGVGRDKYEPAAVSEQGDKKGKKGKKDRDMDELKKEVSMDDHKLSLDELHRKYGTDLS
RGLTSARAAEILARDGPNALTPPPTTPEWIKFCRQLFGGFSMLLWIGAILCFLAYSIQAA
TEEEPQNDNLYLGVVLSAVVIITGCFSYYQEAKSSKIMESFKNMVPQQALVIRNGEKMSI
NAEEVVVGDLVEVKGGDRIPADLRIISANGCKVDNSSLTGESEPQTRSPDFTNENPLETR
NIAFFSTNCVEGTARGIVVYTGDRTVMGRIATLASGLEGGQTPIAAEIEHFIHIITGVAV
FLGVSFFILSLILEYTWLEAVIFLIGIIVANVPEGLLATVTVCLTLTAKRMARKNCLVKN
LEAVETLGSTSTICSDKTGTLTQNRMTVAHMWFDNQIHEADTTENQSGVSFDKTSATWLA
LSRIAGLCNRAVFQANQENLPILKRAVAGDASESALLKCIELCCGSVKEMRERYAKIVEI
PFNSTNKYQLSIHKNPNTSEPQHLLVMKGAPERILDRCSSILLHGKEQPLDEELKDAFQN
AYLELGGLGERVLGFCHLFLPDEQFPEGFQFDTDDVNFPIDNLCFVGLISMIDPPRAAVP
DAVGKCRSAGIKVIMVTGDHPITAKAIAKGVGIISEGNETVEDIAARLNIPVSQVNPRDA
KACVVHGSDLKDMTSEQLDDILKYHTEIVFARTSPQQKLIIVEGCQRQGAIVAVTGDGVN
DSPALKKADIGVAMGIAGSDVSKQAADMILLDDNFASIVTGVEEGRLIFDNLKKSIAYTL
TSNIPEITPFLIFIIANIPLPLGTVTILCIDLGTDMVPAISLAYEQAESDIMKRQPRNPK
TDKLVNERLISMAYGQIGMIQALGGFFTYFVILAENGFLPIHLLGLRVDWDDRWINDVED
SYGQQWTYEQRKIVEFTCHTAFFVSIVVVQWADLVICKTRRNSVFQQGMKNKILIFGLFE
ETALAAFLSYCPGMGVALRMYPLKPTWWFCAFPYSLLIFVYDEVRKLIIRRRPGGWVEKE
TYY
|
| Target 1 Number of Residues |
1040 |
| Target 1 Molecular Weight |
112897 |
| Target 1 Theoretical pI |
5.15 |
| Target 1 GO Classification |
|
Function
|
hydrolase activity
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, catalyzing transmembrane movement of substances
catalytic activity
binding
nucleotide binding
purine nucleotide binding
adenyl nucleotide binding
ATP binding
monovalent inorganic cation transporter activity
transporter activity
ion transporter activity
cation transporter activity
ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of ions, phosphorylative mechanism |
|
Process
|
metabolism
monovalent inorganic cation transport
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
ion transport
cation transport |
|
Component
|
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
cell
membrane |
|
| Target 1 General Function |
Inorganic ion transport and metabolism |
| Target 1 Specific Function |
This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients |
| Target 1 Pathways |
Not Available
|
| Target 1 Reactions |
- ATP + H2O + Na+in + K+out = ADP + phosphate + Na+out + K+in
|
| Target 1 Pfam Domain Function |
|
| Target 1 Signals |
|
| Target 1 Transmembrane Regions |
- 88-108
- 132-152
- 289-308
- 321-338
- 773-792
- 803-823
- 844-866
- 919-938
- 952-970
- 986-1006
|
| Target 1 Essentiality |
Non-Essential |
| Target 1 GenBank ID Protein |
219942  |
| Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID |
P05023  |
| Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name |
AT1A1_HUMAN  |
| Target 1 PDB ID |
1MO8  |
| Target 1 PDB File |
Show |
| Target 1 3D Structure |
|
| Target 1 Cellular Location |
- Membrane
- multi-pass membrane protein
|
| Target 1 Gene Sequence |
>3072 bp
ATGGGGAAGGGGGTTGGACGTGATAAGTATGAGCCTGCAGCTGTTTCAGAACAAGGTGAT
AAAAAGGGCAAAAAGGGCAAAAAAGACAGGGACATGGATGAACTGAAGAAAGAAGTTTCT
ATGGATGATCATAAACTTAGCCTTGATGAACTTCATCGTAAATATGGAACAGACTTGAGC
CGGGGATTAACATCTGCTCGTGCAGCTGAGATCCTGGCGCGAGATGGTCCCAACGCCCTC
ACTCCCCCTCCCACTACTCCTGAATGGATCAAGTTTTGTCGGCAGCTCTTTGGGGGGTTC
TCAATGTTACTGTGGATTGGAGCGATTCTTTGTTTCTTGGCTTATAGCATCCAAGCTGCT
ACAGAAGAGGAACCTCAAAACGATAATCTGTACCTGGGTGTGGTGCTATCAGCCGTTGTA
ATCATAACTGGTTGCTTCTCCTACTATCAAGAAGCTAAAAGTTCAAAGATCATGGAATCC
TTCAAAAACATGGTCCCTCAGCAAGCCCTTGTGATTCGAAATGGTGAGAAAATGAGCATA
AATGCGGAGGAAGTTGTGGTTGGGGATCTGGTGGAAGTAAAAGGAGGAGACCGAATTCCT
GCTGACCTCAGAATCATATCTGCAAATGGCTGCAAGGTGGATAACTCCTCGCTCACTGGT
GAATCAGAACCCCAGACTAGGTCTCCAGATTTCACAAATGAAAACCCCCTGGAGACGAGG
AACATTGCCTTCTTTTCAACAAATTGTGTTGAAGGCACCGCACGTGGTATTGTTGTCTAC
ACTGGGGATCGCACTGTGATGGGAAGAATTGCCACACTTGCTTCTGGGCTGGAAGGAGGC
CAGACCCCCATTGCTGCAGAAATTGAACATTTTATCCACATCATCACGGGTGTGGCTGTG
TTCCTGGGTGTGTCTTTCTTCATCCTTTCTCTCATCCTTGAGTACACCTGGCTTGAGGCT
GTCATCTTCCTCATCGGTATCATCGTAGCCAATGTGCCGGAAGGTTTGCTGGCCACTGTC
ACGGTCTGTCTGACACTTACTGCCAAACGCATGGCAAGGAAAAACTGCTTAGTGAAGAAC
TTAGAAGCTGTGGAGACCTTGGGGTCCACGTCCACCATCTGCTCTGATAAAACTGGAACT
CTGACTCAGAACCGGATGACAGTGGCCCACATGTGGTTTGACAATCAAATCCATGAAGCT
GATACGACAGAGAATCAGAGTGGTGTCTCTTTTGACAAGACTTCAGCTACCTGGCTTGCT
CTGTCCAGAATTGCAGGTCTTTGTAACAGGGCAGTGTTTCAGGCTAACCAGGAAAACCTA
CCTATTCTTAAGCGGGCAGTTGCAGGAGATGCCTCTGAGTCAGCACTCTTAAAGTGCATA
GAGCTGTGCTGTGGTTCCGTGAAGGAGATGAGAGAAAGATACGCCAAAATCGTCGAGATA
CCCTTCAACTCCACCAACAAGTACCAGTTGTCTATTCATAAGAACCCCAACACATCGGAG
CCCCAACACCTGTTGGTGATGAAGGGCGCCCCAGAAAGGATCCTAGACCGTTGCAGCTCT
ATCCTCCTCCACGGCAAGGAGCAGCCCCTGGATGAGGAGCTGAAAGACGCCTTTCAGAAC
GCCTATTTGGAGCTGGGGGGCCTCGGAGAACGAGTCCTAGGTTTCTGCCACCTCTTTCTG
CCAGATGAACAGTTTCCTGAAGGGTTCCAGTTTGACACTGACGATGTGAATTTCCCTATC
GATAATCTGTGCTTTGTTGGGCTCATCTCCATGATTGACCCTCCACGGGCGGCCGTTCCT
GATGCCGTGGGCAAATGTCGAAGTGCTGGAATTAAGGTCATCATGGTCACAGGAGACCAT
CCAATCACAGCTAAAGCTATTGCCAAAGGTGTGGGCATCATCTCAGAAGGCAATGAGACC
GTGGAAGACATTGCTGCCCGCCTCAACATCCCAGTCAGCCAGGTGAACCCCAGGGATGCC
AAGGCCTGCGTAGTACACGGCAGTGATCTAAAGGACATGACCTCCGAGCAGCTGGATGAC
ATTTTGAAGTACCACACTGAGATAGTGTTTGCCAGGACCTCCCCTCAGCAGAAGCTCATC
ATTGTGGAAGGCTGCCAAAGACAGGGTGCTATCGTGGCTGTGACTGGTGACGGTGTGAAT
GACTCTCCAGCTTTGAAGAAAGCAGACATTGGGGTTGCTATGGGGATTGCTGGCTCAGAT
GTGTCCAAGCAAGCTGCTGACATGATTCTTCTGGATGACAACTTTGCCTCAATTGTGACT
GGAGTAGAGGAAGGTCGTCTGATCTTTGATAACTTGAAGAAATCCATTGCTTATACCTTA
ACCAGTAACATTCCCGAGATCACCCCGTTCCTGATATTTATTATTGCAAACATTCCACTA
CCACTGGGGACTGTCACCATCCTCTGCATTGACTTGGGCACTGACATGGTTCCTGCCATC
TCCCTGGCTTATGAGCAGGCTGAGAGTGACATCATGAAGAGACAGCCCAGAAATCCCAAA
ACAGACAAACTTGTGAATGAGCGGCTGATCAGCATGGCCTATGGGCAGATTGGAATGATC
CAGGCCCTGGGAGGCTTCTTTACTTACTTTGTGATTCTGGCTGAGAACGGCTTCCTCCCA
ATTCACCTGTTGGGCCTCCGAGTGGACTGGGATGACCGCTGGATCAACGATGTGGAAGAC
AGCTACGGGCAGCAGTGGACCTATGAGCAGAGGAAAATCGTGGAGTTCACCTGCCACACA
GCCTTCTTCGTCAGTATCGTGGTGGTGCAGTGGGCCGACTTGGTCATCTGTAAGACCAGG
AGGAATTCGGTCTTCCAGCAGGGGATGAAGAACAAGATCTTGATATTTGGCCTCTTTGAA
GAGACAGCCCTGGCTGCTTTCCTTTCCTACTGCCCTGGAATGGGTGTTGCTCTTAGGATG
TATCCCCTCAAACCTACCTGGTGGTTCTGTGCCTTCCCCTACTCTCTTCTCATCTTCGTA
TATGACGAAGTCAGAAAACTCATCATCAGGCGACGCCCTGGCGGCTGGGTGGAGAAGGAA
ACCTACTATTAG
|
| Target 1 GenBank Gene ID |
|
| Target 1 GeneCard ID |
ATP1A1  |
| Target 1 GenAtlas ID |
ATP1A1  |
| Target 1 HGNC ID |
HGNC:799  |
| Target 1 Chromosome Location |
1 |
| Target 1 Locus |
1p21 |
| Target 1 SNPs |
SNPJam Report  |
| Target 1 General References |
- Shull MM, Pugh DG, Lingrel JB: The human Na, K-ATPase alpha 1 gene: characterization of the 5'-flanking region and identification of a restriction fragment length polymorphism. Genomics. 1990 Mar;6(3):451-60. [PubMed
]
- Kawakami K, Ohta T, Nojima H, Nagano K: Primary structure of the alpha-subunit of human Na,K-ATPase deduced from cDNA sequence. J Biochem (Tokyo). 1986 Aug;100(2):389-97. [PubMed
]
- Chehab FF, Kan YW, Law ML, Hartz J, Kao FT, Blostein R: Human placental Na+,K+-ATPase alpha subunit: cDNA cloning, tissue expression, DNA polymorphism, and chromosomal localization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Nov;84(22):7901-5. [PubMed
]
- Shull MM, Lingrel JB: Multiple genes encode the human Na+,K+-ATPase catalytic subunit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jun;84(12):4039-43. [PubMed
]
- Sverdlov ED, Monastyrskaya GS, Broude NE, Ushkaryov YuA, Allikmets RL, Melkov AM, Smirnov YuV, Malyshev IV, Dulobova IE, Petrukhin KE, et al.: The family of human Na+,K+-ATPase genes. No less than five genes and/or pseudogenes related to the alpha-subunit. FEBS Lett. 1987 Jun 15;217(2):275-8. [PubMed
]
- Ruiz A, Bhat SP, Bok D: Characterization and quantification of full-length and truncated Na,K-ATPase alpha 1 and beta 1 RNA transcripts expressed in human retinal pigment epithelium. Gene. 1995 Apr 3;155(2):179-84. [PubMed
]
|
| Target 1 Drug References |
- Silva E, Gomes P, Soares-da-Silva P: Overexpression of Na(+)/K (+)-ATPase parallels the increase in sodium transport and potassium recycling in an in vitro model of proximal tubule cellular ageing. J Membr Biol. 2006;212(3):163-75. Epub 2007 Feb 28. [PubMed
]
- Li C, Geering K, Horisberger JD: The third sodium binding site of Na,K-ATPase is functionally linked to acidic pH-activated inward current. J Membr Biol. 2006;213(1):1-9. Epub 2007 Mar 8. [PubMed
]
- Stanely Mainzen Prince P, Karthick M: Preventive effect of rutin on lipids, lipoproteins, and ATPases in normal and isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2007;21(1):1-6. [PubMed
]
- Simon WA, Herrmann M, Klein T, Shin JM, Huber R, Senn-Bilfinger J, Postius S: Soraprazan: setting new standards in inhibition of gastric acid secretion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Jun;321(3):866-74. Epub 2007 Mar 16. [PubMed
]
- Iannello S, Milazzo P, Belfiore F: Animal and human tissue Na,K-ATPase in normal and insulin-resistant states: regulation, behaviour and interpretative hypothesis on NEFA effects. Obes Rev. 2007 May;8(3):231-51. [PubMed
]
|