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Showing drug card for Potassium (DB01345)

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Version 2.5
Creation Date 2007-06-30 18:13:06
Update Date 2008-03-20 01:50:34
Primary Accession Number DB01345
Secondary Accession Number Not Available
Name Potassium
Drug Type
  • Experimental
  • Small Molecule
Description Potassium is the major cation (positive ion) inside animal cells, while sodium is the major cation outside animal cells. The concentration differences of these charged particles causes a difference in electric potential between the inside and outside of cells, known as the membrane potential. The balance between potassium and sodium is maintained by ion pumps in the cell membrane. The cell membrane potential created by potassium and sodium ions allows the cell generate an action potential—a "spike" of electrical discharge. The ability of cells to produce electrical discharge is critical for body functions such as neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and heart function. Potassium is also an essential mineral needed to regulate water balance, blood pressure and levels of acidity.
Synonyms Not Available
Brand Names Not Available
Brand Mixtures Not Available
Chemical IUPAC Name Not Available
Chemical Formula K
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number Not Available
InChI Identifier Not Available
InChI Key Not Available
KEGG Drug Not Available
KEGG Compound Not Available
PubChem Compound Not Available
PubChem Substance Not Available
ChEBI ID Not Available
PharmGKB ID Not Available
HET ID Not Available
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] Not Available
RxList Link Not Available
PDRhealth Link Not Available
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium Link Image
FDA Label
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Synthesis Reference Not Available
Average Molecular Weight 39.0983
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 38.9637
State Solid
Melting Point Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility Not Available Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP Not Available Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS Not Available
Predicted LogS Not Available Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability Not Available
pKa/Isoelectric Point Not Available
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Not Available
SDF File Not Available
PDB File Not Available
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Isomeric SMILES Not Available
Canonical SMILES Not Available
Drug Category Not Available
ATC Codes
AHFS Codes
  • 40:12.00
  • 40:28.92
  • 40:34.00*
  • 68:36.08
  • 84:92.00
  • 88:29.00*
  • 92:00.00
  • 92:02.00*
Indication Not Available
Pharmacology Not Available
Mechanism of Action Potassium is the major cation (positive ion) inside animal cells, while sodium is the major cation outside animal cells. The concentration differences of these charged particles causes a difference in electric potential between the inside and outside of cells, known as the membrane potential. The balance between potassium and sodium is maintained by ion pumps in the cell membrane. The cell membrane potential created by potassium and sodium ions allows the cell generate an action potential—a "spike" of electrical discharge. The ability of cells to produce electrical discharge is critical for body functions such as neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and heart function. Potassium is also an essential mineral needed to regulate water balance, blood pressure and levels of acidity.
Absorption Not Available
Toxicity Not Available
Protein Binding Not Available
Biotransformation Not Available
Half Life Not Available
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Aerosol Oral
Capsule Oral
Capsule, extended release Oral
Elixir Oral
Liquid Intravenous
Liquid Oral
Liquid Sublingual
Powder Oral
Powder, for solution Oral
Solution Intravenous
Solution Oral
Solution / drops Oral
Tablet Oral
Tablet, extended release Oral
Patient Information Not Available
Contraindications Not Available
Interactions Not Available
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Amiloride Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Benazepril Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Candesartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Captopril Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Cilazapril Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Drospirenone Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Enalapril Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Eplerenone This association presents an increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Eprosartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Forasartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Fosinopril Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Irbesartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Lisinopril Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Losartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Moexipril Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Perindopril Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Polystyrene sulfonate Antagonism of action
Quinapril Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Ramipril Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Saprisartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Spirapril Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Spironolactone Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Tasosartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Telmisartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Trandolapril Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Triamterene Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Valsartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
Food Interactions Not Available
Pathways Not Available
General References
  1. Wikipedia Link Image
Organisms Affected Not Available
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzymes
  1. Cytochrome P450 11B2 (CYP11B2)
Targets
  1. Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase alpha-1 chain
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 Name Cytochrome P450 11B2 (CYP11B2)
Enzyme 1 Gene Name CYP11B2
Enzyme 1 SwissProt ID P19099 Link Image
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >sp|P19099|C11B2_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 11B2 
MALRAKAEVCVAAPWLSLQRARALGTRAARAPRTVLPFEAMPQHPGNRWLRLLQIWREQG
YEHLHLEMHQTFQELGPIFRYNLGGPRMVCVMLPEDVEKLQQVDSLHPCRMILEPWVAYR
QHRGHKCGVFLLNGPEWRFNRLRLNPDVLSPKAVQRFLPMVDAVARDFSQALKKKVLQNA
RGSLTLDVQPSIFHYTIEASNLALFGERLGLVGHSPSSASLNFLHALEVMFKSTVQLMFM
PRSLSRWISPKVWKEHFEAWDCIFQYGDNCIQKIYQELAFNRPQHYTGIVAELLLKAELS
LEAIKANSMELTAGSVDTTAFPLLMTLFELARNPDVQQILRQESLAAAASISEHPQKATT
ELPLLRAALKETLRLYPVGLFLERVVSSDLVLQNYHIPAGTLVQVFLYSLGRNAALFPRP
ERYNPQRWLDIRGSGRNFHHVPFGFGMRQCLGRRLAEAEMLLLLHHVLKHFLVETLTQED
IKMVYSFILRPGTSPLLTFRAIN
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 806
Target 1 Name Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase alpha-1 chain
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. EC 3.6.3.9
  2. Na(+)/K(+) ATPase alpha-1 subunit
  3. Sodium pump subunit alpha 1
  4. Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase alpha-1 chain precursor
Target 1 Gene Name ATP1A1
Target 1 Protein Sequence >Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase alpha-1 chain precursor 
MGKGVGRDKYEPAAVSEQGDKKGKKGKKDRDMDELKKEVSMDDHKLSLDELHRKYGTDLS
RGLTSARAAEILARDGPNALTPPPTTPEWIKFCRQLFGGFSMLLWIGAILCFLAYSIQAA
TEEEPQNDNLYLGVVLSAVVIITGCFSYYQEAKSSKIMESFKNMVPQQALVIRNGEKMSI
NAEEVVVGDLVEVKGGDRIPADLRIISANGCKVDNSSLTGESEPQTRSPDFTNENPLETR
NIAFFSTNCVEGTARGIVVYTGDRTVMGRIATLASGLEGGQTPIAAEIEHFIHIITGVAV
FLGVSFFILSLILEYTWLEAVIFLIGIIVANVPEGLLATVTVCLTLTAKRMARKNCLVKN
LEAVETLGSTSTICSDKTGTLTQNRMTVAHMWFDNQIHEADTTENQSGVSFDKTSATWLA
LSRIAGLCNRAVFQANQENLPILKRAVAGDASESALLKCIELCCGSVKEMRERYAKIVEI
PFNSTNKYQLSIHKNPNTSEPQHLLVMKGAPERILDRCSSILLHGKEQPLDEELKDAFQN
AYLELGGLGERVLGFCHLFLPDEQFPEGFQFDTDDVNFPIDNLCFVGLISMIDPPRAAVP
DAVGKCRSAGIKVIMVTGDHPITAKAIAKGVGIISEGNETVEDIAARLNIPVSQVNPRDA
KACVVHGSDLKDMTSEQLDDILKYHTEIVFARTSPQQKLIIVEGCQRQGAIVAVTGDGVN
DSPALKKADIGVAMGIAGSDVSKQAADMILLDDNFASIVTGVEEGRLIFDNLKKSIAYTL
TSNIPEITPFLIFIIANIPLPLGTVTILCIDLGTDMVPAISLAYEQAESDIMKRQPRNPK
TDKLVNERLISMAYGQIGMIQALGGFFTYFVILAENGFLPIHLLGLRVDWDDRWINDVED
SYGQQWTYEQRKIVEFTCHTAFFVSIVVVQWADLVICKTRRNSVFQQGMKNKILIFGLFE
ETALAAFLSYCPGMGVALRMYPLKPTWWFCAFPYSLLIFVYDEVRKLIIRRRPGGWVEKE
TYY
Target 1 Number of Residues 1040
Target 1 Molecular Weight 112897
Target 1 Theoretical pI 5.15
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
hydrolase activity
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, catalyzing transmembrane movement of substances
catalytic activity
binding
nucleotide binding
purine nucleotide binding
adenyl nucleotide binding
ATP binding
monovalent inorganic cation transporter activity
transporter activity
ion transporter activity
cation transporter activity
ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of ions, phosphorylative mechanism
Process
metabolism
monovalent inorganic cation transport
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
ion transport
cation transport
Component
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
cell
membrane
Target 1 General Function Inorganic ion transport and metabolism
Target 1 Specific Function This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients
Target 1 Pathways Not Available
Target 1 Reactions
  • ATP + H2O + Na+in + K+out = ADP + phosphate + Na+out + K+in
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function
Target 1 Signals
  • None
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • 88-108
  • 132-152
  • 289-308
  • 321-338
  • 773-792
  • 803-823
  • 844-866
  • 919-938
  • 952-970
  • 986-1006
Target 1 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein 219942 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P05023 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name AT1A1_HUMAN Link Image
Target 1 PDB ID 1MO8 Link Image
Target 1 PDB File Show
Target 1 3D Structure
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 1 Gene Sequence >3072 bp 
ATGGGGAAGGGGGTTGGACGTGATAAGTATGAGCCTGCAGCTGTTTCAGAACAAGGTGAT
AAAAAGGGCAAAAAGGGCAAAAAAGACAGGGACATGGATGAACTGAAGAAAGAAGTTTCT
ATGGATGATCATAAACTTAGCCTTGATGAACTTCATCGTAAATATGGAACAGACTTGAGC
CGGGGATTAACATCTGCTCGTGCAGCTGAGATCCTGGCGCGAGATGGTCCCAACGCCCTC
ACTCCCCCTCCCACTACTCCTGAATGGATCAAGTTTTGTCGGCAGCTCTTTGGGGGGTTC
TCAATGTTACTGTGGATTGGAGCGATTCTTTGTTTCTTGGCTTATAGCATCCAAGCTGCT
ACAGAAGAGGAACCTCAAAACGATAATCTGTACCTGGGTGTGGTGCTATCAGCCGTTGTA
ATCATAACTGGTTGCTTCTCCTACTATCAAGAAGCTAAAAGTTCAAAGATCATGGAATCC
TTCAAAAACATGGTCCCTCAGCAAGCCCTTGTGATTCGAAATGGTGAGAAAATGAGCATA
AATGCGGAGGAAGTTGTGGTTGGGGATCTGGTGGAAGTAAAAGGAGGAGACCGAATTCCT
GCTGACCTCAGAATCATATCTGCAAATGGCTGCAAGGTGGATAACTCCTCGCTCACTGGT
GAATCAGAACCCCAGACTAGGTCTCCAGATTTCACAAATGAAAACCCCCTGGAGACGAGG
AACATTGCCTTCTTTTCAACAAATTGTGTTGAAGGCACCGCACGTGGTATTGTTGTCTAC
ACTGGGGATCGCACTGTGATGGGAAGAATTGCCACACTTGCTTCTGGGCTGGAAGGAGGC
CAGACCCCCATTGCTGCAGAAATTGAACATTTTATCCACATCATCACGGGTGTGGCTGTG
TTCCTGGGTGTGTCTTTCTTCATCCTTTCTCTCATCCTTGAGTACACCTGGCTTGAGGCT
GTCATCTTCCTCATCGGTATCATCGTAGCCAATGTGCCGGAAGGTTTGCTGGCCACTGTC
ACGGTCTGTCTGACACTTACTGCCAAACGCATGGCAAGGAAAAACTGCTTAGTGAAGAAC
TTAGAAGCTGTGGAGACCTTGGGGTCCACGTCCACCATCTGCTCTGATAAAACTGGAACT
CTGACTCAGAACCGGATGACAGTGGCCCACATGTGGTTTGACAATCAAATCCATGAAGCT
GATACGACAGAGAATCAGAGTGGTGTCTCTTTTGACAAGACTTCAGCTACCTGGCTTGCT
CTGTCCAGAATTGCAGGTCTTTGTAACAGGGCAGTGTTTCAGGCTAACCAGGAAAACCTA
CCTATTCTTAAGCGGGCAGTTGCAGGAGATGCCTCTGAGTCAGCACTCTTAAAGTGCATA
GAGCTGTGCTGTGGTTCCGTGAAGGAGATGAGAGAAAGATACGCCAAAATCGTCGAGATA
CCCTTCAACTCCACCAACAAGTACCAGTTGTCTATTCATAAGAACCCCAACACATCGGAG
CCCCAACACCTGTTGGTGATGAAGGGCGCCCCAGAAAGGATCCTAGACCGTTGCAGCTCT
ATCCTCCTCCACGGCAAGGAGCAGCCCCTGGATGAGGAGCTGAAAGACGCCTTTCAGAAC
GCCTATTTGGAGCTGGGGGGCCTCGGAGAACGAGTCCTAGGTTTCTGCCACCTCTTTCTG
CCAGATGAACAGTTTCCTGAAGGGTTCCAGTTTGACACTGACGATGTGAATTTCCCTATC
GATAATCTGTGCTTTGTTGGGCTCATCTCCATGATTGACCCTCCACGGGCGGCCGTTCCT
GATGCCGTGGGCAAATGTCGAAGTGCTGGAATTAAGGTCATCATGGTCACAGGAGACCAT
CCAATCACAGCTAAAGCTATTGCCAAAGGTGTGGGCATCATCTCAGAAGGCAATGAGACC
GTGGAAGACATTGCTGCCCGCCTCAACATCCCAGTCAGCCAGGTGAACCCCAGGGATGCC
AAGGCCTGCGTAGTACACGGCAGTGATCTAAAGGACATGACCTCCGAGCAGCTGGATGAC
ATTTTGAAGTACCACACTGAGATAGTGTTTGCCAGGACCTCCCCTCAGCAGAAGCTCATC
ATTGTGGAAGGCTGCCAAAGACAGGGTGCTATCGTGGCTGTGACTGGTGACGGTGTGAAT
GACTCTCCAGCTTTGAAGAAAGCAGACATTGGGGTTGCTATGGGGATTGCTGGCTCAGAT
GTGTCCAAGCAAGCTGCTGACATGATTCTTCTGGATGACAACTTTGCCTCAATTGTGACT
GGAGTAGAGGAAGGTCGTCTGATCTTTGATAACTTGAAGAAATCCATTGCTTATACCTTA
ACCAGTAACATTCCCGAGATCACCCCGTTCCTGATATTTATTATTGCAAACATTCCACTA
CCACTGGGGACTGTCACCATCCTCTGCATTGACTTGGGCACTGACATGGTTCCTGCCATC
TCCCTGGCTTATGAGCAGGCTGAGAGTGACATCATGAAGAGACAGCCCAGAAATCCCAAA
ACAGACAAACTTGTGAATGAGCGGCTGATCAGCATGGCCTATGGGCAGATTGGAATGATC
CAGGCCCTGGGAGGCTTCTTTACTTACTTTGTGATTCTGGCTGAGAACGGCTTCCTCCCA
ATTCACCTGTTGGGCCTCCGAGTGGACTGGGATGACCGCTGGATCAACGATGTGGAAGAC
AGCTACGGGCAGCAGTGGACCTATGAGCAGAGGAAAATCGTGGAGTTCACCTGCCACACA
GCCTTCTTCGTCAGTATCGTGGTGGTGCAGTGGGCCGACTTGGTCATCTGTAAGACCAGG
AGGAATTCGGTCTTCCAGCAGGGGATGAAGAACAAGATCTTGATATTTGGCCTCTTTGAA
GAGACAGCCCTGGCTGCTTTCCTTTCCTACTGCCCTGGAATGGGTGTTGCTCTTAGGATG
TATCCCCTCAAACCTACCTGGTGGTTCTGTGCCTTCCCCTACTCTCTTCTCATCTTCGTA
TATGACGAAGTCAGAAAACTCATCATCAGGCGACGCCCTGGCGGCTGGGTGGAGAAGGAA
ACCTACTATTAG
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID ATP1A1 Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID ATP1A1 Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:799 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location 1
Target 1 Locus 1p21
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 General References
  1. Shull MM, Pugh DG, Lingrel JB: The human Na, K-ATPase alpha 1 gene: characterization of the 5'-flanking region and identification of a restriction fragment length polymorphism. Genomics. 1990 Mar;6(3):451-60. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Kawakami K, Ohta T, Nojima H, Nagano K: Primary structure of the alpha-subunit of human Na,K-ATPase deduced from cDNA sequence. J Biochem (Tokyo). 1986 Aug;100(2):389-97. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Chehab FF, Kan YW, Law ML, Hartz J, Kao FT, Blostein R: Human placental Na+,K+-ATPase alpha subunit: cDNA cloning, tissue expression, DNA polymorphism, and chromosomal localization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Nov;84(22):7901-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Shull MM, Lingrel JB: Multiple genes encode the human Na+,K+-ATPase catalytic subunit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jun;84(12):4039-43. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Sverdlov ED, Monastyrskaya GS, Broude NE, Ushkaryov YuA, Allikmets RL, Melkov AM, Smirnov YuV, Malyshev IV, Dulobova IE, Petrukhin KE, et al.: The family of human Na+,K+-ATPase genes. No less than five genes and/or pseudogenes related to the alpha-subunit. FEBS Lett. 1987 Jun 15;217(2):275-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Ruiz A, Bhat SP, Bok D: Characterization and quantification of full-length and truncated Na,K-ATPase alpha 1 and beta 1 RNA transcripts expressed in human retinal pigment epithelium. Gene. 1995 Apr 3;155(2):179-84. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 1 Drug References
  1. Silva E, Gomes P, Soares-da-Silva P: Overexpression of Na(+)/K (+)-ATPase parallels the increase in sodium transport and potassium recycling in an in vitro model of proximal tubule cellular ageing. J Membr Biol. 2006;212(3):163-75. Epub 2007 Feb 28. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Li C, Geering K, Horisberger JD: The third sodium binding site of Na,K-ATPase is functionally linked to acidic pH-activated inward current. J Membr Biol. 2006;213(1):1-9. Epub 2007 Mar 8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Stanely Mainzen Prince P, Karthick M: Preventive effect of rutin on lipids, lipoproteins, and ATPases in normal and isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2007;21(1):1-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Simon WA, Herrmann M, Klein T, Shin JM, Huber R, Senn-Bilfinger J, Postius S: Soraprazan: setting new standards in inhibition of gastric acid secretion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Jun;321(3):866-74. Epub 2007 Mar 16. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Iannello S, Milazzo P, Belfiore F: Animal and human tissue Na,K-ATPase in normal and insulin-resistant states: regulation, behaviour and interpretative hypothesis on NEFA effects. Obes Rev. 2007 May;8(3):231-51. [PubMed Link Image]

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.