Ropivacaine

Identification

Summary

Ropivacaine is an amide-type local anesthetic used for local or regional anesthesia during surgery and for short-term management of acute pain.

Brand Names
Naropin
Generic Name
Ropivacaine
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00296
Background

Ropivacaine is an aminoamide local anesthetic drug marketed by AstraZeneca under the trade name Naropin. It exists as a racemate of its S- and R-enantiomers, although the marketed form is supplied only as the purified S-enantiomer.2

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 274.4011
Monoisotopic: 274.204513464
Chemical Formula
C17H26N2O
Synonyms
  • (S)-(−)-1-propyl-2',6'-pipecoloxylidide
  • (S)-ropivacaine
  • L-N-n-propylpipecolic acid-2,6-xylidide
  • Ropivacaina
  • Ropivacaine
  • Ropivacainum

Pharmacology

Indication

Ropivacaine is indicated in adult patients for the induction of regional or local anesthesia for surgery or acute pain management.2

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Management ofAcute pain••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Management ofPostoperative pain••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Associated Therapies
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

In contrast to most other local anesthetics, the presence of epinephrine does not affect the time of onset, duration of action, or the systemic absorption of ropivacaine.2

Mechanism of action

Local anesthetics like ropivacaine block the generation and conduction of nerve impulses, presumably by increasing the threshold for electrical excitation in the nerve, by slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse, and by reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. Specifically, they block the sodium channel and decrease chances of depolarization and consequent action potentials. In general, the progression of anesthesia is related to the diameter, myelination, and conduction velocity of affected nerve fibers.

TargetActionsOrganism
ASodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha
inhibitor
Humans
Absorption

Ropivacaine pharmacokinetics are highly dependent on the dose, route of administration, and patient condition. Following epidural administration ropivacaine undergoes complete and biphasic absorption.2

Volume of distribution

Following intravascular infusion, ropivacaine has a steady-state volume of distribution of 41 ± 7 liters.2 Ropivacaine is able to readily cross the placenta.2

Protein binding

Ropivacaine is 94% protein-bound in plasma, primarily to α1-acid glycoprotein.2

Metabolism

Ropivacaine undergoes extensive metabolism, primarily via CYP1A2-mediated aromatic hydroxylation to 3-OH-ropivacaine.2 The main metabolites excreted in the urine are the N-dealkylated metabolite (PPX) and 3-OH-ropivacaine. Other identified metabolites include 4-OH-ropivacaine, the 3-hydroxy-N-dealkylated (3-OH-PPX) and 4-hydroxy-N-dealkylated (4-OH-PPX) metabolites, and 2-hydroxy-methyl-ropivacaine (which has been identified but not quantified).2

Unbound PPX, 3-hydroxy-, and 4-hydroxy-ropivacaine have demonstrated pharmacological activity in animal models less than that of ropivacaine.2

Hover over products below to view reaction partners

Route of elimination

Following intravenous administration, 86% of the administered dose of ropivacaine is excreted in the urine, 1% of which comprises unchanged parent drug.2

Half-life

The mean terminal half-life of ropivacaine is 1.8 ± 0.7 hours after intravascular administration and 4.2 ± 1 hour after epidural administration.2

Clearance

Following intravenous administration, ropivacaine has a mean plasma clearance of 387 ± 107 mL/min, an unbound plasma clearance of 7.2 ± 1.6 L/min, and a renal clearance of 1 mL/min.2

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

High systemic doses of ropivacaine can result in central nervous system (CNS) and cardiovascular effects, with the CNS effects usually occurring at lower blood plasma concentrations and additional cardiovascular effects occurring at higher concentrations (although cardiovascular collapse may occur at lower concentrations). CNS effects include CNS excitation involving nervousness, tingling around the mouth, tinnitus, tremor, dizziness, blurred vision, and seizures. CNS depressant effects may follow, associated with drowsiness, loss of consciousness, respiratory depression and apnea. Cardiovascular events may be caused by hypoxemia secondary to respiratory depression and include hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmias, and/or cardiac arrest.2,3

Pathways
PathwayCategory
Ropivacaine Action PathwayDrug action
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
1,2-BenzodiazepineThe risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Ropivacaine is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine.
AbacavirRopivacaine may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level.
AbaloparatideThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ropivacaine is combined with Abaloparatide.
AbametapirThe serum concentration of Ropivacaine can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
AbataceptThe metabolism of Ropivacaine can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Ropivacaine hydrochlorideV910P86109132112-35-7VSHFRHVKMYGBJL-CKUXDGONSA-N
Ropivacaine hydrochloride anhydrous35504LBE2T98717-15-8NDNSIBYYUOEUSV-RSAXXLAASA-N
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
NaropinSolution2 mg / mLEpidural; InfiltrationAspen Pharmacare Canada Inc.1997-04-30Not applicableCanada flag
NaropinInjection, solution2 mg/1mLEpidural; InfiltrationFresenius Kabi USA, LLC1996-09-24Not applicableUS flag
NaropinSolution10 mg / mLEpiduralAspen Pharmacare Canada Inc.1997-04-30Not applicableCanada flag
NaropinInjection, solution10 mg/1mLEpiduralFresenius Kabi USA, LLC1996-09-24Not applicableUS flag
NaropinSolution5 mg / mLEpidural; InfiltrationAspen Pharmacare Canada Inc.1997-04-30Not applicableCanada flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Ropivacaine HydrochlorideInjection, solution150 mg/30mLEpidural; Infiltration; PerineuralMylan Institutional LLC2019-05-232021-03-31US flag
Ropivacaine HydrochlorideInjection10 mg/1mLEpiduralHikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.2020-07-20Not applicableUS flag
Ropivacaine HydrochlorideInjection5 mg/1mLEpidural; Infiltration; PerineuralCaplin Steriles Limited2024-01-04Not applicableUS flag
Ropivacaine HydrochlorideInjection, solution10 mg/1mLEpiduralEugia US LLC2016-09-15Not applicableUS flag
Ropivacaine HydrochlorideInjection2 mg/1mLEpidural; InfiltrationHikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.2020-07-20Not applicableUS flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
DexopinRopivacaine hydrochloride (5 mg/1mL) + Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (10 mg/1mL) + Povidone-iodine (10 mg/1mL)KitTopicalAsclemed Usa, Inc.2019-06-10Not applicableUS flag
RopidexRopivacaine hydrochloride (5 mg/1mL) + Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (10 mg/1mL) + Povidone-iodine (10 mg/1mL)KitEpidural; Infiltration; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Perineural; TopicalAsclemed Usa, Inc.2019-06-10Not applicableUS flag
Ropivacaine HClRopivacaine hydrochloride (2 mg/1mL)Injection, solutionEpiduralCantrell Drug Company2012-05-292015-01-14US flag

Categories

ATC Codes
N01BB09 — Ropivacaine
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acid amides. These are amide derivatives of alpha amino acids.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organic acids and derivatives
Class
Carboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub Class
Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct Parent
Alpha amino acid amides
Alternative Parents
Piperidinecarboxamides / Anilides / m-Xylenes / N-arylamides / Trialkylamines / Secondary carboxylic acid amides / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives
show 1 more
Substituents
2-piperidinecarboxamide / Alpha-amino acid amide / Amine / Anilide / Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Carbonyl group / Carboxamide group / Hydrocarbon derivative
show 16 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
piperidinecarboxamide, ropivacaine (CHEBI:8890)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
7IO5LYA57N
CAS number
84057-95-4
InChI Key
ZKMNUMMKYBVTFN-HNNXBMFYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C17H26N2O/c1-4-11-19-12-6-5-10-15(19)17(20)18-16-13(2)8-7-9-14(16)3/h7-9,15H,4-6,10-12H2,1-3H3,(H,18,20)/t15-/m0/s1
IUPAC Name
(2S)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1-propylpiperidine-2-carboxamide
SMILES
CCCN1CCCC[C@H]1C(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C

References

Synthesis Reference

Peter Jaksch, "Process for the preparation of ropivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate." U.S. Patent US5959112, issued February, 1970.

US5959112
General References
  1. Naropin (Ropivacaine Hydrochloride) FDA Label [Link]
  2. FDA Approved Drug Products: Naropin (ropivacaine hydrochloride) for injection (2022) [Link]
  3. Pfizer: Ropivacaine Hydrochloride Safety Data Sheet [Link]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0014441
KEGG Compound
C07532
PubChem Compound
175805
PubChem Substance
46504712
ChemSpider
153165
BindingDB
50239375
RxNav
35780
ChEBI
8890
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1077896
ZINC
ZINC000000897002
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP001230
PharmGKB
PA451271
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Ropivacaine

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4Active Not RecruitingPreventionPostoperative pain1
4Active Not RecruitingTreatmentHip Dysplasia / Postoperative pain / Regional Anesthesia therapy1
4Active Not RecruitingTreatmentHypospadias / Urethrocutaneous Fistulas1
4Active Not RecruitingTreatmentKnee Disease / Knee Pain Chronic / Osteoarthritis of the Knee1
4Active Not RecruitingTreatmentTraumatic Rib Fracture(s)1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • App pharmaceuticals llc
Packagers
  • APP Pharmaceuticals
  • Astra Pharma Inc.
  • AstraZeneca Inc.
  • Pharmakon
  • Pharmedium
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
SolutionEpidural52.898 mg
SolutionEpidural42.32 mg
SolutionEpidural42.319 mg
KitTopical
InjectionEpidural; Perineural
Injection, solutionEpidural; Infiltration2 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionParenteral10 mg/ml
Injection, solutionParenteral2 mg/ml
Injection, solutionParenteral5 mg/ml
Injection, solutionParenteral7.5 mg/ml
Injection, solutionEpidural
InjectionEpidural; Subcutaneous2 mg/ml
LiquidParenteral7.5 mg / mL
InjectionEpidural; Subcutaneous10 mg/ml
Injection, solutionEpidural; Infiltration2 MG/ML
Injection, solutionIntrathecal5 MG/ML
SolutionEpidural150.000 mg
SolutionEpidural40.00 mg
Injection, solutionInfiltration2 mg/1mL
SolutionParenteral20.000 mg
KitEpidural; Infiltration; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Perineural; Topical
SolutionParenteral2 mg/ml
Injection, solutionParenteral
SolutionParenteral
Injection, solution10 MG/ML
Injection, solution2 MG/ML
Injection, solution5 MG/ML
Injection, solution7.5 MG/ML
Injection, solution
Injection, solutionEpidural2 mg/1mL
InjectionEpidural10 mg/1mL
InjectionEpidural7.5 mg/1mL
InjectionEpidural; Infiltration2 mg/1mL
InjectionEpidural; Infiltration5 mg/1mL
InjectionEpidural; Infiltration; Perineural10 mg/1mL
InjectionEpidural; Infiltration; Perineural2 mg/1mL
InjectionEpidural; Infiltration; Perineural5 mg/1mL
InjectionEpidural; Perineural7.5 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionEpidural10 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionEpidural200 mg/20mL
Injection, solutionEpidural; Infiltration5 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionEpidural; Infiltration; Perineural150 mg/30mL
Injection, solutionEpidural; Infiltration; Perineural2 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionEpidural; Infiltration; Perineural40 mg/20mL
Injection, solutionEpidural; Infiltration; Perineural5 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionEpidural; Perineural150 mg/20mL
Injection, solutionEpidural; Perineural7.5 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionParenteral10 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionParenteral5 mg/1mL
SolutionEpidural; Infiltration2 mg / mL
SolutionEpidural10 mg / mL
SolutionEpidural7.5 mg / mL
SolutionEpidural; Infiltration5 mg / mL
SolutionEpidural2 mg/mL
Injection, solutionEpidural2 mg/mL
Injection, solutionEpidural7.5 mg/mL
Injection, solutionEpidural10 mg/mL
Injection
SolutionEpidural40.000 mg
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Ropivacaine hcl-ns 0.5%1.84USD ml
Ropivacaine hcl 0.2% on-q pump0.99USD ml
Naropin 10 mg/ml ampule0.97USD ml
Ropivacaine hcl-ns 0.3%0.9USD ml
Ropivacaine-ns 0.1% on-q pump0.71USD ml
Naropin 7.5 mg/ml ampule0.62USD ml
Naropin 5 mg/ml vial0.58USD ml
Ropivacaine hcl-ns 0.15%0.51USD ml
Ropivacaine hcl-ns 0.125%0.48USD ml
Naropin 5 mg/ml ampule0.46USD ml
Naropin 2 mg/ml ampule0.44USD ml
Ropivacaine hcl-ns 0.1%0.39USD ml
Ropivacaine hcl-ns 0.25%0.34USD ml
Ropivacaine hcl-ns 0.2%0.29USD ml
Naropin 2 mg/ml infusion btl0.23USD ml
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US5670524No1997-09-232014-05-26US flag
US4870086No1989-09-262010-09-24US flag
CA2165446No2005-07-052014-05-26Canada flag
CA1337549No1995-11-142012-11-14Canada flag
US8118802No2012-02-212023-05-18US flag
US7857802No2010-12-282026-11-28US flag
US7828787No2010-11-092025-10-18US flag
US8162915No2012-04-242024-05-23US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
water solubility53.8 mg/mLhttps://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/020533s038lbl.pdf
logP2.90HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
pKa8.07https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/020533s038lbl.pdf
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP4.07Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)13.62Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)7.82Chemaxon
Physiological Charge1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area32.34 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count4Chemaxon
Refractivity85.59 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability32.67 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings2Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleYesChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9705
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9377
Caco-2 permeable+0.5912
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.8037
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IInhibitor0.8768
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.6339
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.6611
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.819
CYP450 2D6 substrateSubstrate0.8919
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.723
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.5499
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9246
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorInhibitor0.8821
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8773
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.5902
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityHigh CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.6116
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.8507
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.8763
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9783
Rat acute toxicity2.2964 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.8009
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Inhibitor0.8438
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-006t-8920000000-73e85079216552ba91a9
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0390000000-e529039d125cf39569ae
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-0490000000-effe0d28b974ca42fdd0
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-4910000000-b9053ad07a17db3fadd0
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00xr-1950000000-7abe936a1d0f6c033920
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00tb-8900000000-aacf2eca68586d6f4079
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00r6-8890000000-eb4d8977669c8d352ca8
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-175.7329252
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-168.47911
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+175.9558252
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+170.83711
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+175.7443252
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+176.93025
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new
insights and accelerate drug research.
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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Voltage-gated sodium channel activity
Specific Function
Tetrodotoxin-resistant channel that mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference acro...
Gene Name
SCN10A
Uniprot ID
Q9Y5Y9
Uniprot Name
Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha
Molecular Weight
220623.605 Da
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
  3. Liu BG, Zhuang XL, Li ST, Xu GH: The effects of ropivacaine on sodium currents in dorsal horn neurons of neonatal rats. Anesth Analg. 2000 May;90(5):1034-8. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP1A2
Uniprot ID
P05177
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 1A2
Molecular Weight
58293.76 Da
References
  1. Arlander E, Ekstrom G, Alm C, Carrillo JA, Bielenstein M, Bottiger Y, Bertilsson L, Gustafsson LL: Metabolism of ropivacaine in humans is mediated by CYP1A2 and to a minor extent by CYP3A4: an interaction study with fluvoxamine and ketoconazole as in vivo inhibitors. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1998 Nov;64(5):484-91. [Article]
  2. FDA Approved Drug Products: Naropin (ropivacaine hydrochloride) for injection (2022) [Link]
  3. Ropivacaine FDA label [File]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Oda Y, Furuichi K, Tanaka K, Hiroi T, Imaoka S, Asada A, Fujimori M, Funae Y: Metabolism of a new local anesthetic, ropivacaine, by human hepatic cytochrome P450. Anesthesiology. 1995 Jan;82(1):214-20. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199501000-00026. [Article]
  2. FDA Approved Drug Products: Naropin (ropivacaine hydrochloride) for injection (2022) [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2B6
Uniprot ID
P20813
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2B6
Molecular Weight
56277.81 Da
References
  1. Oda Y, Furuichi K, Tanaka K, Hiroi T, Imaoka S, Asada A, Fujimori M, Funae Y: Metabolism of a new local anesthetic, ropivacaine, by human hepatic cytochrome P450. Anesthesiology. 1995 Jan;82(1):214-20. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199501000-00026. [Article]

Carriers

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Binder
General Function
Not Available
Specific Function
Functions as transport protein in the blood stream. Binds various ligands in the interior of its beta-barrel domain. Also binds synthetic drugs and influences their distribution and availability in...
Gene Name
ORM1
Uniprot ID
P02763
Uniprot Name
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1
Molecular Weight
23511.38 Da
References
  1. FDA Approved Drug Products: Naropin (ropivacaine hydrochloride) for injection (2022) [Link]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 18, 2024 16:48