| DB00241 | Butalbital | Used in combination with acetaminophen or aspirin and caffeine for its sedative and relaxant effects in the treatment of tension headaches, migraines, and pain. |
| DB00122 | Choline | For nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance |
| DB00150 | L-Tryptophan | Tryptophan may be useful in increasing serotonin production, promoting healthy sleep, managing depression by enhancing mental and emotional well-being, managing pain tolerance, and managing weight. |
| DB00176 | Fluvoxamine | Indicated predominantly for the management of depression and for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) [FDA Label]. Has also been used in the management of bulimia nervosa [A250]. |
| DB00182 | Amphetamine | Amphetamine is indicated for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) as well as for the treatment of central nervous system disorders such as narcolepsy.[A18540]
ADHD is a complex disorder associated with the substantial heterogeneity in etiology, clinical presentation, and treatment outcome. ADHD comes from a complex interplay between interdependent genetic and non-genetic factors which cause complex mental disorders in children and teenagers.[A174271]
On the other hand, narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder typically resenting during adolescence and characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness.[A174274]
Amphetamine is also being used nowadays off-label for the treatment of obesity, depression and chronic pain.[A174268, A174283] |
| DB00184 | Nicotine | For the relief of nicotine withdrawal symptoms and as an aid to smoking cessation. |
| DB00185 | Cevimeline | For the treatment of symptoms of dry mouth in patients with Sjögren's Syndrome. |
| DB00186 | Lorazepam | Lorazepam is FDA-approved for the short-term relief of anxiety symptoms related to anxiety disorders and anxiety associated with depressive symptoms such as anxiety-associated insomnia. It is as well used as an anesthesia premedication in adults to relieve anxiety or to produce sedation/amnesia and for the treatment of status epilepticus.[T385]
Some off-label indications of lorazepam include rapid tranquilization of an agitated patient, alcohol withdrawal delirium, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, muscle spasms, insomnia, panic disorder, delirium, chemotherapy-associated anticipatory nausea and vomiting, and psychogenic catatonia.[T385] |
| DB00189 | Ethchlorvynol | Used for short-term hypnotic therapy in the management of insomnia for periods of up to one week in duration; however, this medication generally has been replaced by other sedative-hypnotic agents. |
| DB00193 | Tramadol | Tramadol is approved for the management of moderate to severe pain in adults.[FDA label]
As an off-label indication, tramadol has been investigated to be used for the treatment of premature ejaculation.[A173986] |
| DB00201 | Caffeine | For management of fatigue, orthostatic hypotension, and for the short term treatment of apnea of prematurity in infants. |
| DB00215 | Citalopram | For the treatment of depression, as indicated by the FDA label [FDA label]. Off-label indications include but are not limited to: treatment of sexual dysfunction, post-stroke behavioural changes, ethanol abuse, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children, and diabetic neuropathy [FDA label], [A321], [A322], [A323], [A324], [A174406], [A174409], [A174412]. |
| DB00216 | Eletriptan | For the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults. |
| DB00228 | Enflurane | Used for the induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia during surgery and cesarean section and also used for analgesia during vaginal delivery. |
| DB00230 | Pregabalin | Pregabalin is used for the management of neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, and as adjunctive therapy for adult patients with partial onset seizures [FDA label]. |
| DB00231 | Temazepam | For the short-term treatment of insomnia (generally 7-10 days). |
| DB00234 | Reboxetine | For the treatment of clinical depression. |
| DB00245 | Benzatropine | For use as an adjunct in the therapy of all forms of parkinsonism and also for use in the control of extrapyramidal disorders due to neuroleptic drugs. |
| DB00246 | Ziprasidone | In it's oral form, ziprasidone is approved for the treatment of Schizophrenia and Bipolar I disorder while the injectable formulation is approved for treatment of acute agitation in schizophrenia. |
| DB00247 | Methysergide | For the treatment of vascular headache |
| DB00252 | Phenytoin | For the control of generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) and complex partial (psychomotor, temporal lobe) seizures and prevention and treatment of seizures occurring during or following neurosurgery. |
| DB00268 | Ropinirole | For the treatment of the signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease and for the treatment of primary moderate-severe restless legs syndrome [FDA label]. |
| DB00273 | Topiramate | Used for the treatment and control of partial seizures and severe tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures and also for the prevention of migraine headaches. In children it is also used for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Qsymia® is indicated for the treatment and management of obesity. |
| DB00281 | Lidocaine | For production of local or regional anesthesia by infiltration techniques such as percutaneous injection and intravenous regional anesthesia by peripheral nerve block techniques such as brachial plexus and intercostal and by central neural techniques such as lumbar and caudal epidural blocks. |
| DB00285 | Venlafaxine | For the management of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (social phobia), panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, vasomotor symptoms in women with breast cancer and in postmenopausal women, and neuropathic pain. |
| DB00289 | Atomoxetine | For the treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) alone or in combination with behavioral treatment, as an adjunct to psychological, educational, social, and other remedial measures. |
| DB00292 | Etomidate | Used in the induction of general anesthesia. |
| DB00295 | Morphine | For the relief and treatment of severe pain. |
| DB00296 | Ropivacaine | Used in obstetric anesthesia and regional anesthesia for surgery. |
| DB00297 | Bupivacaine | For the production of local or regional anesthesia or analgesia for surgery, for oral surgery procedures, for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and for obstetrical procedures. |
| DB00306 | Talbutal | For use as a sedative and hypnotic. |
| DB00312 | Pentobarbital | For the short-term treatment of insomnia. |
| DB00313 | Valproic Acid | For treatment and management of seizure disorders, mania, and prophylactic treatment of migraine headache. In epileptics, valproic acid is used to control absence seizures, tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal), complex partial seizures, and the seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. |
| DB00315 | Zolmitriptan | For the acute treatment of adult migraine with or without auras. |
| DB00316 | Acetaminophen | For temporary relief of fever, minor aches, and pains. |
| DB00320 | Dihydroergotamine | For the acute treatment of migraine headaches with or without aura and the acute treatment of cluster headache episodes. |
| DB00323 | Tolcapone | Used as an adjunct to levodopa/carbidopa therapy for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's Disease. This drug is generally reserved for patients with parkinsonian syndrome receiving levodopa/carbidopa who are experiencing symptom fluctuations and are not responding adequately to or are not candidates for other adjunctive therapies. |
| DB00327 | Hydromorphone | For the relief of moderate to severe pain such as that due to surgery, cancer, trauma/injury, or burns. |
| DB00333 | Methadone | For the treatment of dry cough, drug withdrawal syndrome, opioid type drug dependence, and pain. |
| DB00334 | Olanzapine | For the acute and maintenance treatment of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, as well as acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes of bipolar 1 disorder. Intramuscular olanzapine is indicated for the rapid control of agitated patients. |
| DB00340 | Metixene | Used for the symptomatic treatment of parkinsonism. |
| DB00344 | Protriptyline | For the treatment of depression. |
| DB00347 | Trimethadione | Used in the control of absence (petit mal) seizures that are refractory to treatment with other medications. |
| DB00349 | Clobazam | For treatment and management of epilepsy and seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, a difficult-to-treat form of childhood epilepsy. |
| DB00363 | Clozapine | For use in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. |
| DB00370 | Mirtazapine | For the treatment of major depressive disorder. |
| DB00371 | Meprobamate | For the management of anxiety disorders or for the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety. |
| DB00376 | Trihexyphenidyl | Indicated for the treatment of parkinson's disease and extrapyramidal reactions caused by drugs. |
| DB00382 | Tacrine | For the palliative treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type. |
| DB00387 | Procyclidine | For the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's Disease, as well as control of extrapyramidal reactions induced by antipsychotic agents. |
| DB00391 | Sulpiride | Sulpiride is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia. |
| DB00392 | Profenamine | For use in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and also used to control severe reactions to certain medicines such as reserpine. |
| DB00402 | Eszopiclone | For the treatment of insomnia |
| DB00404 | Alprazolam | For the management of anxiety disorder or the short-term relief of symptoms of anxiety and for the treatment of panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia. |
| DB00408 | Loxapine | For the management of the manifestations of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia |
| DB00409 | Remoxipride | Remoxipride is an atypical antipsychotic once used for the treatment of schizophrenia. |
| DB00413 | Pramipexole | For the treatment of signs and symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson's disease |
| DB00418 | Secobarbital | For the Short-term treatment of intractable insomnia for patients habituated to barbiturates |
| DB00420 | Promazine | Used as an adjunct for short term treatment of moderate and severe psychomotor agitation. Also used to treat agitation or restlessness in the elderly. |
| DB00422 | Methylphenidate | For use as an integral part of a total treatment program which typically includes other remedial measures (psychological, educational, social) for a stabilizing effect in children with a behavioral syndrome characterized by the following group of developmentally inappropriate symptoms: moderate-to-severe distractibility, short attention span, hyperactivity, emotional lability, and impulsivity. |
| DB00425 | Zolpidem | For the short-term treatment of insomnia. |
| DB00433 | Prochlorperazine | For the symptomatic management of psychotic disorders, short term management of nonpsychotic anxiety in patients with generalized anxiety disorder, and for the control of severe nausea and vomiting of various causes. |
| DB00450 | Droperidol | Droperidol is ssed to produce tranquilization and to reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting in surgical and diagnostic procedures. |
| DB00454 | Meperidine | Used to control moderate to severe pain. |
| DB00458 | Imipramine | For the relief of symptoms of depression and as temporary adjunctive therapy in reducing enuresis in children aged 6 years and older [FDA Label].
May also be used off-label to manage panic disorders with or without agoraphobia, as a second line agent for ADHD in children and adolescents, to manage bulimia nervosa, for short-term management of acute depressive episodes in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, for the treatment of acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder, and for symptomatic treatment of postherpetic neuralgia and painful diabetic neuropathy [L1349,L1348,A31900,L1351,L1352,L1353,A31904]. |
| DB00463 | Metharbital | Metharbital is used for the treatment of epilepsy. |
| DB00472 | Fluoxetine | Labeled indication include: major depressive disorder (MDD), moderate to severe bulimia nervosa, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, and combination treatment with olanzapine for treatment-resistant or bipolar I depression. Unlabeled indications include: selective mutism, mild dementia-associated agitation in nonpsychotic patients, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), social anxiety disorder, chronic neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, and Raynaud's phenomenon. |
| DB00474 | Methohexital | Methohexital is indicated for use as an intravenous anaesthetic. It has also been commonly used to induce deep sedation. |
| DB00475 | Chlordiazepoxide | For the management of anxiety disorders or for the short-term relief of symptoms of anxiety, withdrawal symptoms of acute alcoholism, and preoperative apprehension and anxiety. |
| DB00476 | Duloxetine | For the acute and maintenance treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), as well as acute management of generalized anxiety disorder. Also used for the management of neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and fibromyalgia. Has been used in the management of moderate to severe stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women. |
| DB00477 | Chlorpromazine | For the treatment of schizophrenia; to control nausea and vomiting; for relief of restlessness and apprehension before surgery; for acute intermittent porphyria; as an adjunct in the treatment of tetanus; to control the manifestations of the manic type of manic-depressive illness; for relief of intractable hiccups; for the treatment of severe behavioral problems in children (1 to 12 years of age) marked by combativeness and/or explosive hyperexcitable behavior (out of proportion to immediate provocations), and in the short-term treatment of hyperactive children who show excessive motor activity with accompanying conduct disorders consisting of some or all of the following symptoms: impulsivity, difficulty sustaining attention, aggressivity, mood lability, and poor frustration tolerance. |
| DB00490 | Buspirone | For the management of anxiety disorders or the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety, and also as an augmention of SSRI-treatment against depression. |
| DB00494 | Entacapone | Used as an adjunct to levodopa / carbidopa in the symptomatic treatment of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's Disease who experience the signs and symptoms of end-of-dose "wearing-off". |
| DB00497 | Oxycodone | For the treatment of diarrhoea, pulmonary oedema and for the relief of moderate to moderately severe pain. |
| DB00502 | Haloperidol | For the treatment of schizophrenia [L2016]
For the treatment of acute psychosis in acutely agitated schizophrenic patients with moderately severe to very severe symptoms [L2016]
For the treatment of severe behavioral or psychological symptoms of dementia [L2016]
For the treatment of delirium in the pediatric intensive care unit [L2016]
For the treatment of agitation or delirium [L2016]
For agitation† or delirium in adult patients with no underlying psychiatric illness [L2016]
For use as a second-line agent for rescue treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea/vomiting [L2016]
For the treatment of irritability associated with autistic disorder [L2016]
For the treatment of tics and vocal utterances associated with Tourette's syndrome [L2016]
For the treatment of severe behavioral problems associated with oppositional defiant disorder or other disruptive behavioral disorders, or for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in pediatric patients who show excessive motor activity with accompanying conduct disorders [L2016] |
| DB00508 | Triflupromazine | Used mainly in the management of psychoses. Also used to control nausea and vomiting. |
| DB00514 | Dextromethorphan | For treatment and relief of dry cough. |
| DB00532 | Mephenytoin | For the treatment of refractory partial epilepsy. |
| DB00540 | Nortriptyline | Primarily indicated for the relief of symptoms of depression. |
| DB00543 | Amoxapine | For the relief of symptoms of depression in patients with neurotic or reactive depressive disorders as well as endogenous and psychotic depressions. May also be used to treat depression accompanied by anxiety or agitation. |
| DB00545 | Pyridostigmine | For the treatment of myasthenia gravis. |
| DB00546 | Adinazolam | For the treatment of anxiety and status epilepticus. |
| DB00555 | Lamotrigine | Indicated as adjunctive therapy for the following seizure types in patients ≥2 years of age: partial seizures/primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures/generalized seizures of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome [FDA Label].
Indicated for conversion to monotherapy in adults (≥16 years of age) with partial seizures who are receiving treatment with carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, or valproate as the single antiepileptic drug (AED)[FDA Label].
Indicated for the maintenance treatment of Bipolar I Disorder to delay the time to occurrence of mood episodes (depression, mania, hypomania, mixed episodes) in adults (≥18 years of age) treated for acute mood episodes with standard therapy [FDA Label]. |
| DB00557 | Hydroxyzine | For symptomatic relief of anxiety and tension associated with psychoneurosis and as an adjunct in organic disease states in which anxiety is manifested. Useful in the management of pruritus due to allergic conditions such as chronic urticaria. |
| DB00564 | Carbamazepine | For the treatment of epilepsy and pain associated with true trigeminal neuralgia. |
| DB00568 | Cinnarizine | For the treatment of vertigo/meniere's disease, nausea and vomiting, motion sickness and also useful for vestibular symptoms of other origins. |
| DB00589 | Lisuride | For the management of Parkinson's Disease |
| DB00593 | Ethosuximide | For the treatment of petit mal epilepsy. |
| DB00599 | Thiopental | For use as the sole anesthetic agent for brief (15 minute) procedures, for induction of anesthesia prior to administration of other anesthetic agents, to supplement regional anesthesia, to provide hypnosis during balanced anesthesia with other agents for analgesia or muscle relaxation, for the control of convulsive states during or following inhalation anesthesia or local anesthesia, in neurosurgical patients with increased intracranial pressure, and for narcoanalysis and narcosynthesis in psychiatric disorders. |
| DB00611 | Butorphanol | For the relief of moderate to severe pain. |
| DB00617 | Paramethadione | Used for the control of absence (petit mal) seizures that are refractory to treatment with other medications. |
| DB00623 | Fluphenazine | For management of manifestations of psychotic disorders. |
| DB00633 | Dexmedetomidine | For sedation of initially intubated and mechanically ventilated patients during treatment in an intensive care setting, also used in pain relief; anxiety reduction and analgesia |
| DB00647 | Dextropropoxyphene | For the relief of mild to moderate pain |
| DB00652 | Pentazocine | For the relief of moderate to severe pain. |
| DB00656 | Trazodone | For the treatment of depression. |
| DB00659 | Acamprosate | For the maintenance of abstinence from alcohol in patients with alcohol dependence who are abstinent at treatment initiation |
| DB00674 | Galantamine | For the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Has also been investigated in patients with mild cognitive impairment who did not meet the diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease. |
| DB00679 | Thioridazine | For the treatment of schizophrenia and generalized anxiety disorder. |
| DB00683 | Midazolam | The midazolam intravenous injection is indicated for preoperative sedation/anxiolysis/anesthesia induction/amnesia [F2434], and the intramuscular injection is indicated for the treatment of status epilepticus in adults [FDA label].
Midazolam is also an agent for conscious sedation/anxiolysis/amnesia prior to or during diagnostic, therapeutic, or endoscopic procedures. It is important to note that various routes may be applicable to different indications. Refer to the "indications" section of this drug entry for more detailed information. |
| DB00690 | Flurazepam | For short-term and intermittent use in patients with recurring insomnia and poor sleeping habits |
| DB00696 | Ergotamine | For use as therapy to abort or prevent vascular headache, e.g., migraine, migraine variants, or so called "histaminic cephalalgia". |
| DB00704 | Naltrexone | Used as an adjunct to a medically supervised behaviour modification program in the maintenance of opiate cessation in individuals who were formerly physically dependent on opiates and who have successfully undergone detoxification. Also used for the management of alcohol dependence in conjunction with a behavioural modification program. |
| DB00708 | Sufentanil | The indications for this drug are as follows:
1. As an analgesic adjunct in the maintenance of balanced general anesthesia in patients who are intubated and ventilated.
2. As a primary anesthetic agent for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia with 100% oxygen in patients undergoing major surgical procedures, in patients who are intubated and ventilated, such as cardiovascular surgery or neurosurgical procedures in the sitting position, to provide favorable myocardial and cerebral oxygen balance or when extended postoperative ventilation is anticipated.
3. For epidural administration as an analgesic combined with low dose (usually 12.5 mg per administration) bupivacaine usually during labor and vaginal delivery
4. The sublingual form is indicated for the management of acute pain in adults that is severe to warrant the use of an opioid analgesic in certified medically supervised healthcare settings, including hospitals, surgical centers, and emergency departments.
[FDA label] |
| DB00714 | Apomorphine | For the acute, intermittent treatment of hypomobility, off episodes (end-of-dose wearing off and unpredictable on/off episodes) associated with advanced Parkinson's disease. |
| DB00715 | Paroxetine | Labeled indications include: major depressive disorder (MDD), panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), social anxiety disorder (social phobia), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Unlabeled indications include: eating disorders, impulse control disorders, vasomotor symptoms of menopause, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children, and mild dementia-associated agitation in nonpsychotic individuals. Brisdelle, which consists of paroxetine mesylate is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms (like hot flashes) associated with menopause. |
| DB00726 | Trimipramine | For the treatment of depression and depression accompanied by anxiety, agitation or sleep disturbance |
| DB00734 | Risperidone | Risperidone belongs to the class of medications known as second generation atypical antipsychotics [A1114, A1115, L1213]. It is widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia and mood disorders, including bipolar disorder and depression with pyschosis [A1115, A1116, L1212, L1213]. |
| DB00740 | Riluzole | For the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig's Disease) |
| DB00745 | Modafinil | To improve wakefulness in patients with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) associated with narcolepsy. |
| DB00750 | Prilocaine | Used as a local anaesthetic and is often used in dentistry. |
| DB00752 | Tranylcypromine | For the treatment of major depressive episode without melancholia. |
| DB00753 | Isoflurane | For induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. |
| DB00754 | Ethotoin | For the control of tonic-clonic (grand mal) and complex partial (psychomotor) seizures. |
| DB00776 | Oxcarbazepine | For use as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures in adults with epilepsy and as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures in children ages 4-16 with epilepsy. |
| DB00777 | Propiomazine | Propiomazine is largely used for its antihistamininc sleep inducing effects in treating insomnia. |
| DB00780 | Phenelzine | Phenelzine is indicated for the treatment of nonendogenous, neurotic or atypical depression for patients that do not tolerate other forms of therapy.[L1356]
Atypical depression has a high prevalence rate, starts in early life, tends to last longer, is more likely to occur in people with bipolar disorder, has a high comorbidity with anxiety disorder and carries more risk of suicidal behavior. It is important to specify the atypical feature to predict the clinical course of depression and hence generate the best treatment and service. The featuring symptoms of the atypical feature include mood reactivity, two or more of this symptoms: 1) increased appetite, 2) increased sleep, 3) leaden paralysis and 4) interpersonal rejection sensitivity and should not have melancholic or catatonic features of depression.[A31917]
Neurotic depression is a depression of an emotionally unstable person. It is a secondary condition to major personality disorder, neuroses and drug use disorders. Likewise, a primary depression with a family history of depression spectrum disease would fit in this category.[A31922]
A nonendogenous depression is characterized by a disturbance in mood and general outlook. The physical symptoms tend to be less severe and it often occurs in response to stressful life events that keep occurring over a large period of time generating a continuous stress in the daily living.[A31924] |
| DB00794 | Primidone | Primidone is commonly indicated for the management of grand mal, psychomotor, and focal epileptic seizures [L4645, FDA Label]. In addition, it has also been studied and utilized as an effective management of essential tremor [A39414, A39415, L4645]. |
| DB00801 | Halazepam | Used to relieve anxiety, nervousness, and tension associated with anxiety disorders. |
| DB00802 | Alfentanil | For the management of postoperative pain and the maintenance of general anesthesia. |
| DB00805 | Minaprine | For the treatment of depression |
| DB00810 | Biperiden | For use as an adjunct in the therapy of all forms of parkinsonism and control of extrapyramidal disorders secondary to neuroleptic drug therapy. |
| DB00813 | Fentanyl | For the treatment of cancer patients with severe pain that breaks through their regular narcotic therapy. |
| DB00818 | Propofol | Used for induction and/or maintenance of anaesthesia and for management of refractory status epilepticus. |
| DB00829 | Diazepam | In general, diazepam is useful in the symptomatic management of mild to moderate degrees of anxiety in conditions dominated by tension, excitation, agitation, fear, or aggressiveness such as may occur in psychoneurosis, anxiety reactions due to stress conditions, and anxiety states with somatic expression [F3160].
Moreover, in acute alcoholic withdrawal, diazepam may be useful in the symptomatic relief of acute agitation, tremor, and impending acute delirium tremens [F3160].
Furthermore, diazepam is a useful adjunct for the relief of skeletal muscle spasm due to reflex spasm to local pathologies, such as inflammation of the muscle and joints or secondary to trauma; spasticity caused by upper motor neuron disorders, such as cerebral palsy and paraplegia; athetosis and the rare "stiff man syndrome" [F3160].
Particular label information from the United Kingdom also lists particular age-specific indications, including for adults: (1) The short-term relief (2-4 weeks) only, of anxiety which is severe, disabling, or subjecting the individual to unacceptable distress, occurring alone or in association with insomnia or short-term psychosomatic, organic or psychotic illness, (2) cerebral palsy, (3) muscle spasm, (4) as an adjunct to certain types of epilepsy (eg. myoclonus), (5) symptomatic treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal, (6) as oral premedication for the nervous dental patient, and (7) for premedication before surgery [L5188].
In the same UK label information, diazepam is indicated in children for: (1) control of tension and irritability in cerebral spasticity in selected cases, (2) as an adjunct to the control of muscle spasm in tetanus, and for (3) oral premedication [L5188]. |
| DB00831 | Trifluoperazine | For the treatment of anxiety disorders, depressive symptoms secondary to anxiety and agitation. |
| DB00832 | Phensuximide | For the treatment of epilepsy. |
| DB00837 | Progabide | Indicated for the treatment of epilepsy. |
| DB00842 | Oxazepam | For the treatment of anxiety disorders and alcohol withdrawal. |
| DB00843 | Donepezil | For the palliative treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type. |
| DB00844 | Nalbuphine | For the relief of moderate to severe pain. |
| DB00849 | Methylphenobarbital | For the relief of anxiety, tension, and apprehension, also used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of epilepsy. |
| DB00850 | Perphenazine | For use in the management of the manifestations of psychotic disorders and for the control of severe nausea and vomiting in adults. |
| DB00861 | Diflunisal | For symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate pain accompanied by inflammation (e.g. musculoskeletal trauma, post-dental extraction, post-episiotomy), osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. |
| DB00875 | Flupentixol | For use in the treatment of schizophrenia and depression |
| DB00897 | Triazolam | For the short-term treatment of insomnia. |
| DB00899 | Remifentanil | For use during the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. |
| DB00906 | Tiagabine | For the treatment of partial seizures |
| DB00909 | Zonisamide | For use as adjunctive treatment of partial seizures in adults with epilepsy. |
| DB00913 | Anileridine | For treatment and management of pain (systemic) and for use as an anesthesia adjunct. |
| DB00915 | Amantadine | For the chemoprophylaxis, prophylaxis, and treatment of signs and symptoms of infection caused by various strains of influenza A virus. Also for the treatment of parkinsonism and drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions. |
| DB00918 | Almotriptan | For the treatment of acute migraine headache in adults |
| DB00921 | Buprenorphine | For the treatment of moderate to severe pain, peri-operative analgesia, and opioid dependence. |
| DB00933 | Mesoridazine | Used in the treatment of schizophrenia, organic brain disorders, alcoholism and psychoneuroses. |
| DB00934 | Maprotiline | For treatment of depression, including the depressed phase of bipolar depression, psychotic depression, and involutional melancholia, and may also be helpful in treating certain patients suffering severe depressive neurosis. |
| DB00936 | Salicylic acid | Key additive in many skin-care products for the treatment of acne, psoriasis, callouses, corns, keratosis pilaris and warts. |
| DB00949 | Felbamate | For use only in those patients who respond inadequately to alternative treatments and whose epilepsy is so severe that a substantial risk of aplastic anemia and/or liver failure is deemed acceptable in light of the benefits conferred by its use. |
| DB00952 | Naratriptan | For the acute treatment of migraine attacks with or without aura in adults. |
| DB00953 | Rizatriptan | For treatment of acute migraine attacks with or without aura. |
| DB00961 | Mepivacaine | For production of local or regional analgesia and anesthesia by local infiltration, peripheral nerve block techniques, and central neural techniques including epidural and caudal blocks. |
| DB00962 | Zaleplon | For the treatment of short-term treatment of insomnia in adults. |
| DB00980 | Ramelteon | For the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulty with sleep onset. |
| DB00989 | Rivastigmine | For the treatment of mild to moderate dementia associated with Parkinson's disease or of the Alzheimer's type. |
| DB00996 | Gabapentin | For the management of postherpetic neuralgia in adults and as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures with and without secondary generalization in patients over 12 years of age with epilepsy. |
| DB00998 | Frovatriptan | For the acute treatment of migraine attacks with or without aura in adults. |
| DB01002 | Levobupivacaine | For the production of local or regional anesthesia for surgery and obstetrics, and for post-operative pain management |
| DB01019 | Bethanechol | For the treatment of acute postoperative and postpartum nonobstructive (functional) urinary retention and for neurogenic atony of the urinary bladder with retention. |
| DB01028 | Methoxyflurane | For use in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia |
| DB01037 | Selegiline | Monotherapy for initial treatment of Parkinson's disease, as well as an adjunct therapy in patients with a decreased response to levodopa/carbadopa. Also used for the palliative treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and at higher doses, for the treatment of depression. |
| DB01043 | Memantine | For the treatment of moderate to severe dementia of the Alzheimer's type. |
| DB01063 | Acetophenazine | For the treatment of disorganized and psychotic thinking. Also used to help treat false perceptions (e.g. hallucinations or delusions.) |
| DB01065 | Melatonin | Used orally for jet lag, insomnia, shift-work disorder, circadian rhythm disorders in the blind (evidence for efficacy), and benzodiazepine and nicotine withdrawal. Evidence indicates that melatonin is likely effective for treating circadian rhythm sleep disorders in blind children and adults. It has received FDA orphan drug status as an oral medication for this use. A number of studies have shown that melatonin may be effective for treating sleep-wake cycle disturbances in children and adolescents with mental retardation, autism, and other central nervous system disorders. It appears to decrease the time to fall asleep in children with developmental disabilities, such as cerebral palsy, autism, and mental retardation. It may also improve secondary insomnia associated with various sleep-wake cycle disturbances. Other possible uses for which there is some evidence for include: benzodiazepine withdrawal, cluster headache, delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS), primary insomnia, jet lag, nicotine withdrawal, preoperative anxiety and sedation, prostate cancer, solid tumors (when combined with IL-2 therapy in certain cancers), sunburn prevention (topical use), tardive dyskinesia, thrombocytopenia associated with cancer, chemotherapy and other disorders. |
| DB01068 | Clonazepam | Clonazepam is used as an anticonvulsant in the treatment of the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (petit mal variant), akinetic and myoclonic seizures. It can also be used for the treatment of panic disorders. |
| DB01080 | Vigabatrin | For use as an adjunct in treatment resistant epilepsy, refractory complex partial seizures, and secondary generalized seizures. It is also used as monotherapy in infantile spasms in West syndrome. |
| DB01085 | Pilocarpine | For the treatment of radiation-induced dry mouth (xerostomia) and symptoms of dry mouth in patients with Sjögrens syndrome. |
| DB01100 | Pimozide | Used for the suppression of motor and phonic tics in patients with Tourette's Disorder who have failed to respond satisfactorily to standard treatment. |
| DB01104 | Sertraline | For the management of major depressive disorder (MDD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder (PD) with or without agoraphobia, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), and social anxiety disorder (SAD) [FDA Label].
It may be used for premature ejaculation and vascular headaches as off-label indications. |
| DB01107 | Methyprylon | For the treatment of insomnia. |
| DB01121 | Phenacemide | Used to control certain seizures in the treatment of epilepsy. |
| DB01122 | Ambenonium | Ambenonium is used to treat muscle weakness due to muscle disease (myasthenia gravis). |
| DB01142 | Doxepin | **Oral: **
- Indicated for the treatment of depression and/or anxiety [FDA Label].
- Indicated for the treatment of depression and/or anxiety associated with different conditions, including alcoholism, organic disease and manic-depressive disorders [FDA Label].
- Indicated for the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep maintenance [L1347].
Topical:
- Indicated for the short-term (up to 8 days) management of moderate pruritus in adult patients with atopic dermatitis or lichen simplex chronicus [L1344]. |
| DB01149 | Nefazodone | For the treatment of depression. |
| DB01151 | Desipramine | For relief of symptoms in various depressive syndromes, especially endogenous depression. It has also been used to manage chronic peripheral neuropathic pain, as a second line agent for the management of anxiety disorders (e.g. panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder), and as a second or third line agent in the ADHD management. |
| DB01154 | Thiamylal | Used for the production of complete anaesthesia of short duration, for the induction of general anaesthesia, and for inducing a hypnotic state. |
| DB01156 | Bupropion | For the treatment of depression and as aid to smoking cessation. |
| DB01159 | Halothane | For the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia |
| DB01161 | Chloroprocaine | For the production of local anesthesia by infiltration and peripheral nerve block. They are not to be used for lumbar or caudal epidural anesthesia. |
| DB01171 | Moclobemide | For the treatment of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder [A31901]. |
| DB01174 | Phenobarbital | For the treatment of all types of seizures except absence seizures. |
| DB01175 | Escitalopram | Labeled indications include major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Unlabeled indications include treatment of mild dementia-associated agitation in nonpsychotic patients. |
| DB01186 | Pergolide | Indicated as adjunctive treatment to levodopa/carbidopa in the management of the signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease. It was withdrawn from the US and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valvulopathy. |
| DB01189 | Desflurane | For use as an inhalation agent for induction and/or maintenance of anesthesia for inpatient and outpatient surgery in adults. |
| DB01198 | Zopiclone | For the short-term treatment of insomnia. |
| DB01200 | Bromocriptine | For the treatment of galactorrhea due to hyperprolactinemia, prolactin-dependent menstrual disorders and infertility, prolactin-secreting adenomas, prolactin-dependent male hypogonadism, as adjunct therapy to surgery or radiotherapy for acromegaly or as monotherapy is special cases, as monotherapy in early Parksinsonian Syndrome or as an adjunct with levodopa in advanced cases with motor complications. Bromocriptine has also been used off-label to treat restless legs syndrome and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. |
| DB01202 | Levetiracetam | Used as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial onset seizures in adults and children 4 years of age and older with epilepsy. |
| DB01209 | Dezocine | Indicated in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. |
| DB01215 | Estazolam | For the short-term management of insomnia characterized by difficulty in falling asleep, frequent nocturnal awakenings, and/or early morning awakenings. |
| DB01221 | Ketamine | Ketamine is indicated as an anesthetic agent for recommended diagnostic and surgical procedures. If skeletal muscle relaxation is needed, it should be combined with a muscle relaxant. If the surgical procedure involves visceral pain, it should be supplemented with an agent that obtunds visceral pain. Ketamine can be used for induction of anesthesia prior other general anesthetic agents and as a supplement of low potency agents.[L1336, FDA label]
Reports have indicated a potential use of ketamine as a therapeutic tool for the management of depression when administered in lower doses.[A31873] These reports have increased the interest for ketamine in this area and several clinical trials are launched for this indication.[L1337, A31874] |
| DB01224 | Quetiapine | For the treatment of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. |
| DB01227 | Levacetylmethadol | For the treatment and management of opiate dependence. It is sometimes used to treat severe pain in terminal patients. |
| DB01230 | Pemoline | For treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) |
| DB01235 | Levodopa | For the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (Paralysis Agitans), postencephalitic parkinsonism, symptomatic parkinsonism which may follow injury to the nervous system by carbon monoxide intoxication, and manganese intoxication. |
| DB01236 | Sevoflurane | Used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in adult and pediatric patients for inpatient and outpatient surgery. |
| DB01238 | Aripiprazole | For the treatment of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. |
| DB01239 | Chlorprothixene | For treatment of psychotic disorders (e.g. schizophrenia) and of acute mania occuring as part of bipolar disorders. |
| DB01242 | Clomipramine | May be used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder and disorders with an obsessive-compulsive component (e.g. depression, schizophrenia, Tourette’s disorder).
Unlabeled indications include: depression, panic disorder, chronic pain (e.g. central pain, idiopathic pain disorder, tension headache, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, neuropathic pain), cataplexy and associated narcolepsy (limited evidence), autistic disorder (limited evidence), trichotillomania (limited evidence), onchophagia (limited evidence), stuttering (limited evidence), premature ejaculation, and premenstrual syndrome. |
| DB01247 | Isocarboxazid | Isocarboxazid is indicated for the treatment of the enduring and debilitating symptoms of depression that have not responded to other antidepressant drugs.[L1372] Depression is a common but serious mood disorder. The patient will present changes in its feelings, thoughts, and ability to handle everyday activities. For a mood disorder to be considered as depression, the symptoms should be present for at least two weeks.[L1375] |
| DB01255 | Lisdexamfetamine | For the treatment of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and for moderate to severe binge eating disorder in adults [FDA label], [A40246].
This drug is not indicated for weight loss. Use of other sympathomimetic drugs for weight loss is associated with serious cardiovascular effects. The safety and effectiveness of this drug for the treatment of obesity have not yet been determined [FDA label].
|
| DB01267 | Paliperidone | For the treatment of schizophrenia. |
| DB01273 | Varenicline | For use as an aid in smoking cessation. |
| DB01320 | Fosphenytoin | For the control of generalized convulsive status epilepticus and prevention and treatment of seizures occurring during neurosurgery. It can also be substituted, short-term, for oral phenytoin. |
| DB01323 | St. John's Wort | Not Available |
| DB01351 | Amobarbital | Not Available |
| DB01352 | Aprobarbital | Not Available |
| DB01353 | Butethal | For the treatment of insomnia. |
| DB01354 | Heptabarbital | Used mainly for sedation and hypnosis. |
| DB01355 | Hexobarbital | For the induction of anesthesia prior to the use of other general anesthetic agents and for induction of anesthesia for short surgical, diagnostic, or therapeutic procedures associated with minimal painful stimuli. |
| DB01367 | Rasagiline | For the treatment of the signs and symptoms of idiopathic Parkinsons disease as initial monotherapy and as adjunct therapy to levodopa. |
| DB01381 | Ginkgo biloba | Appears to be effective in: alleviating age-related memory impairment in some elderly people with mild to moderate age-related memory or cognitive impairment; improving cognitive function in healthy young to middle-aged people; improving symptoms of Alzheimer's, vascular or mixed dementia; improving damage to the visual field in patients with normal tension glaucoma; decreasing the number of painful attacks in patients with Raynaud's syndrome; and may improve symptoms of vertigo and dizziness in some patients. |
| DB01399 | Salsalate | For relief of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and related rheumatic disorders. |
| DB01400 | Neostigmine | Neostigmine is used for the symptomatic treatment of myasthenia gravis by improving muscle tone. |
| DB01403 | Methotrimeprazine | For the treatment of psychosis, particular those of schizophrenia, and manic phases of bipolar disorder. |
| DB01424 | Aminophenazone | Formerly widely used as an antipyretic and analgesic in rheumatism, neuritis, and common colds. Currently used to measure total body water. |
| DB01437 | Glutethimide | For the treatment of insomnia. |
| DB01452 | Diamorphine | Diamorphine, as a prescription medication in the United Kingdom, is indicated for use in the treatment of severe pain associated with surgical procedures, myocardial infarction or pain in the terminally ill and for the relief of dyspnoea in acute pulmonary edema [L4999]. |
| DB01459 | Bezitramide | A narcotic analgesic once used for the treatment of severe chronic pain. [1] |
| DB01463 | Fencamfamine | For the the treatment of depressive fatigue in convalescence and other debilitated states as well as in the treatment of depressive day-time fatigue, lack of concentration and lethargy. |
| DB01483 | Barbital | Not Available |
| DB01489 | Camazepam | Camazepam has been used in placebo controlled studies for the treatment of patients suffering from anxiety and depression. |
| DB01495 | Dichloralphenazone | Not Available |
| DB01529 | Dextromoramide | Not Available |
| DB01544 | Flunitrazepam | For short-term treatment of severe insomnias, that are not responsive to other hypnotics. |
| DB01545 | Ethyl loflazepate | Not Available |
| DB01551 | Dihydrocodeine | Dihydrocodeine is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including post-operative and dental pain [2]. It can also be used to treat chronic pain [1], breathlessness and coughing.
In heroin addicts, dihydrocodeine has been used as a substitute drug, in doses up to 2500mg/day to treat addiction. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2014322/]
|
| DB01553 | Cloxazolam | Used primarily as an anti-anxiety agent. Typically used short term, and may be given as a single dose of up to 100mcg/kg to reduce anxiety and tension experienced prior to surgery. |
| DB01558 | Bromazepam | For the short-term treatment of insomnia, short-term treatment of anxiety or panic attacks, if a benzodiazepine is required, and the alleviation of the symptoms of alcohol- and opiate-withdrawal. |
| DB01559 | Clotiazepam | For the treatment of anxiety disorders. |
| DB01563 | Chloral hydrate | Mainly used as a hyponotic in the treatment of insomnia; however, it is only effective as a hypnotic for short-term use. May be used as a routine sedative preoperatively to decrease anxiety and cause sedation and/or sleep with respiration depression or cough reflex. |
| DB01567 | Fludiazepam | Used for the short-term treatment of anxiety disorders. |
| DB01576 | Dextroamphetamine | Used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). |
| DB01577 | Metamfetamine | For the treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADHD) and exogenous obesity. |
| DB01587 | Ketazolam | Ketazolam could be used for the treatment of anxiety. In approved countries, it is indicated for the treatment of anxiety, tension, irritability and similar stress related symptoms. |
| DB01588 | Prazepam | For the treatment of anxiety disorders. |
| DB01589 | Quazepam | Used to treat insomnia. |
| DB01594 | Cinolazepam | For the management of anxiety disorders or for the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety or anxiety associated with depressive symptoms. |
| DB01595 | Nitrazepam | Used to treat short-term sleeping problems (insomnia), such as difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and early-morning awakening. |
| DB01608 | Periciazine | For use as adjunctive medication in some psychotic patients. Propericiazine (Pericyazine)is used for the control of residual prevailing hostility, impulsiveness and aggressiveness. |
| DB01614 | Acepromazine | Acepromazine was first used in humans in the 1950s as an antipsychotic agent. It is now rarely used in humans. Acepromazine is frequently used in animals as a sedative and antiemetic. Its principal value is in quietening and calming anxious animals. |
| DB01618 | Molindone | Molindone is used for the management of the manifestations of psychotic disorders. |
| DB01621 | Pipotiazine | For the maintenance treatment of chronic non-agitated schizophrenic patients. |
| DB01622 | Thioproperazine | For the treatment of all types of acute and chronic schizophrenia, including those which did not respond to the usual neuroleptics; manic syndromes. |
| DB01623 | Thiothixene | For the management of schizophrenia. |
| DB01624 | Zuclopenthixol | Used in the management of acute psychoses such as mania or schizophrenia. However, the use of zuclopenthixol acetate in psychiatric emergencies as an alternative to standard treatments (haloperidol, clotiapine, etc.) should be cautioned, since well executed and documented trials of zuclopenthixol acetate for this use have yet to be conducted. Zuclopenthixol acetate is not intended for long-term use. |
| DB02959 | Oxitriptan | For use as an antidepressant, appetite suppressant, and sleep aid. |
| DB03255 | Phenol | Phenol is primarily indicated for minor sore throat pain, sore mouth, minor mouth irritation, and pain associated with canker sores. Additionally, phenol is indicated in the treatment of focal spasticity. |
| DB03783 | Phenacetin | Used principally as an analgesic. |
| DB04165 | Valpromide | Not Available |
| DB04599 | Aniracetam | Not Available |
| DB04660 | Choline alfoscerate | Not Available |
| DB04817 | Metamizole | Used in the past as a powerful painkiller and fever reducer. |
| DB04820 | Nialamide | Not Available |
| DB04821 | Nomifensine | Not Available |
| DB04832 | Zimelidine | For the treatment of depression. |
| DB04833 | Methaqualone | For the treatment of insomnia, and as a sedative and muscle relaxant. |
| DB04836 | Amineptine | For the treatment of depression. |
| DB04841 | Flunarizine | Used in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy. |
| DB04842 | Fluspirilene | Used for the treatment of schizophrenia. |
| DB04844 | Tetrabenazine | Treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders like chorea in Huntington's disease, hemiballismus, senile chorea, Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders, and tardive dyskinesia |
| DB04896 | Milnacipran | Milnacipran is used to treat moderate to severe clinical depression but this indication is not yet FDA-approved in the USA. Milnacipran is labelled for the treatment of fibromyalgia pain. |
| DB04946 | Iloperidone | Treatment of acute schizophrenia. |
| DB04948 | Lofexidine | Lofexidine is indicated for mitigation of symptoms associated with acute withdrawal from opioids and for facilitation of the completion of opioid discontinuation treatment. It is the first non-opioid medication for the symptomatic management of opioid discontinuation.[L2801]
Opioid withdrawal syndrome is a debilitating manifestation of opioid dependence.[A33085] This condition is extremely unpleasant lasting several days with some of the main features being abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, mydriasis, lacrimation, and piloerection. These symptoms are often observed after abrupt reductions in the opioid dose and can be resolved by re-administration of the opioid.[A33088] |
| DB04953 | Ezogabine | Adjuvant treatment of partial-onset seizures. |
| DB05246 | Methsuximide | For the control of absence (petit mal) seizures that are refractory to other drugs. |
| DB05271 | Rotigotine | For use/treatment in neurologic disorders and parkinson's disease as well as moderate-to-severe primary Restless Legs Syndrome. |
| DB05541 | Brivaracetam | Used as adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures in patients 16 years of age or older. |
| DB06016 | Cariprazine | Cariprazine is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and for the acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I
disorder. |
| DB06144 | Sertindole | Used in the treatment of schizophrenia. |
| DB06148 | Mianserin | For the treatment of depression. |
| DB06153 | Pizotifen | Indicated for the prophylactic management of migraines [L2292]. |
| DB06201 | Rufinamide | Adjunct therapy for treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. |
| DB06204 | Tapentadol | The immediate-release formulation of tapentadol is indicated for the relief of moderate to severe acute pain. The long-acting formulation serves as a continuous, around-the-clock analgesic that is indicated for the relief of moderate to severe chronic pain or neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. |
| DB06216 | Asenapine | Used for treatment in psychosis, schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders, manic disorders, and bipolar disorders as monotherapy or in combination. |
| DB06218 | Lacosamide | Lacosamide is indicated for adjunctive therapy for partial onset seizures in patients with epilepsy over 17 years old. Injection is indicated for short term use when oral therapy is not feasible. |
| DB06230 | Nalmefene | Indicated for the reduction of alcohol consumption in adult patients with alcohol dependence who have a high drinking risk level (DRL), without physical withdrawal symptoms and who do not require immediate detoxification [L1024].
Indicated for the complete or partial reversal of opioid drug effects, including respiratory depression - induced by either natural or synthetic opioids - or in the management of known or suspected opioid overdose [FDA Label]. |
| DB06283 | Ziconotide | Not Available |
| DB06288 | Amisulpride | Investigated for use/treatment in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders, mania in bipolar disorder, and depression. |
| DB06393 | Xaliproden | Investigated for use/treatment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and alzheimer's disease. |
| DB06413 | Armodafinil | Investigated for use/treatment in sleep disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders, depression, and bipolar disorders. |
| DB06470 | Clomethiazole | Investigated for use/treatment in strokes. |
| DB06479 | Propentofylline | Investigated for use/treatment in alzheimer's disease. |
| DB06535 | Etilevodopa | Investigated for use/treatment in parkinson's disease. |
| DB06594 | Agomelatine | Agomelatine is indicated for the treatment of major depressive episodes in adults. |
| DB06623 | Flupirtine | Investigated for use/treatment in fibromyalgia. |
| DB06637 | Dalfampridine | Dalfampridine is a neurofunctional modifier that helps improve walking speed in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). |
| DB06684 | Vilazodone | Vilazodone is approved for treatment of acute episodes of major depression. Labeling of vilazodone describes an increased risk of suicidal thoughts in children, adolescents and young adults. The use of vilazodone in pediatrics is not indicated. Its use with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) is contraindicated due to increased risk of serotonin syndome. Once the MAOI is discontinued, a 14-day washout period must pass before starting vilazodone. |
| DB06685 | Laquinimod | Investigated for use/treatment in multiple sclerosis. |
| DB06690 | Nitrous oxide | Not Available |
| DB06698 | Betahistine | For the reduction of episodes of vertigo association with Ménière's disease. |
| DB06700 | Desvenlafaxine | Desvenlafaxine is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder in adults. |
| DB06701 | Dexmethylphenidate | Dexmethylphenidate is used as a treatment for ADHD, ideally in conjunction with psychological, educational, behavioral or other forms of treatment. |
| DB06738 | Ketobemidone | For the treatment of all types of severe pain, such as postoperative, cancer, kidney stones and fractures. |
| DB06774 | Capsaicin | The capsaicin 8% patch is indicated in the treatment of neuropathic pain associated with post-herpetic neuralgia. There are multiple topical capsaicin formulations available, including creams and solutions, indicated for temporary analgesia in muscle and join pain as well as neuropathic pain. |
| DB06797 | Mebutamate | Not Available |
| DB08329 | Sulthiame | Not Available |
| DB08797 | Salicylamide | Not Available |
| DB08811 | Tofisopam | For the treatment of anxiety and alcohol withdrawal. |
| DB08815 | Lurasidone | Treatment of schizophrenia. |
| DB08842 | Acetylcarnitine | Acetylcarnitine is not approved for any indication in the United states and Canada, but it is approved and indicated in Italy for cerebrovascular disorders, mental function disorders, peripheral nerve disorders, diabetic neuropathy, and nutritional supplementation; Portugal for mental function disorders; Argentina for cerebral vasculopathy, nutritional supplementation, and peripheral neuropathy; Chile for dementia; Philippines for cerebrovascular disorders and mental function disorders; Australia for nutritional supplementation; and India for nutritional supplementation to increase sperm count. Acetylcarnitine also has several potential therapeutic indications for which it is still being investigated: in Norway, acetylcarnitine is in a phase IV trial for prophylactic treatment of migraines; in Italy acetylcarnitine is in a phase II trial for use in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, a phase III trial for alleviating fatigue in patients with chronic hepatitis C, and for use in patients with Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy; in the United States acetylcarnitine is in a phase II trial for the neurodegenerative disorder Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, a phase II and III trial for reducing peripheral neuropathy in cancer patients as an adjunct to chemotherapy, a phase I and II trial for treating patients in septic shock, a phase II trial for bipolar depression, a phase II trial to reduce oxidative stress in patients with Sickle Cell disease, a phase I and II trial for chronic fatigue syndrome, and a study for preventing nerve damage in HIV patients; in China acetylcarnitine is in a phase III trial for reducing peripheral neuropathy in cancer patients as an adjunct to chemotherapy; in the United Kingdom acetylcarnitine is being investigated for preventing nerve damage in HIV patients; and in Israel acetylcarnitine is being studied for the treatment of male infertility.
|
| DB08883 | Perampanel | Used in patients over 12 years old for the treatment of partial-onset seizures that may or may not occur with generalized seizures. |
| DB08908 | Dimethyl fumarate | Used in multiple sclerosis patients with relapsing forms. |
| DB08925 | Adrafinil | Used to relieve excessive sleepiness and inattention in elderly patients. |
| DB08967 | Dimetotiazine | Not Available |
| DB08976 | Floctafenine | Not Available |
| DB08986 | Etifoxine | Not Available |
| DB08987 | Etidocaine | Not Available |
| DB08996 | Dimetacrine | Not Available |
| DB08997 | Dexetimide | Not Available |
| DB09000 | Cyamemazine | Not Available |
| DB09001 | Barbexaclone | Created for the treatment for epilepsy, with the intent of creating an antiepileptic with less sedative properties than phenobarbital.
|
| DB09009 | Articaine | Not Available |
| DB09011 | Beclamide | Has been used in the management of epilepsy and epilepsy related behavioural disorders. It was used for generalised tonic-clonic seizures, and was not effective for absence seizures.
More recently focus has shifted to the use of beclamide in behavioural disorders. In mentally handicapped epileptic patients it has been found to decrease anxiety, antisocial and demanding behaviours, and impulsivity. Mood stabilizing effects were also noted. [2]
Additionally, due to its effects on monoamines, beclamide may have a potential place in treating conditions such as tardive dyskinesia and hyperkinetic syndromes. [2] |
| DB09014 | Captodiame | Captodiame is indicated for the treatment of anxiety. |
| DB09016 | Butriptyline | Not Available |
| DB09017 | Brotizolam | Brotizolam is indicated for the short-term treatment (2-4 weeks) of severe or debilitating insomnia. |
| DB09021 | Benzoctamine | Not Available |
| DB09068 | Vortioxetine | Vortioxetine is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). |
| DB09071 | Tasimelteon | Tasimelteon is indicated for the treatment of Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Disorder (N24HSWD). |
| DB09072 | Sodium oxybate | For the treatment of cataplexy in narcolepsy and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in narcolepsy. |
| DB09081 | Idebenone | Idebenone is indicated for use by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of visual impairment in adolescent and adult patients with
Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON). It is not currently approved for use by either the Food and Drug Administration (USA) or Health Canada [L885]. |
| DB09116 | Calcium carbimide | Calcium carbimide has not been approved by the FDA but the intended indication is for the treatment of alcoholism.[T74] This medication was marketed in Canada, United Kingdom and Europe under the trade name of Temposil for the sole use of alcoholism treatment.[L1114] |
| DB09117 | Paraldehyde | Paraldehyde was used historically as a sedative and hypnotic [A19735]. It has been used in the treatment of seizures as an anticonvulsant [A19736]. |
| DB09118 | Stiripentol | Indicated for use in conjunction with clobazam and valproate as adjunctive therapy of refractory generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients with severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SMEI, Dravet’s syndrome) whose seizures are not adequately controlled with clobazam and valproate. |
| DB09128 | Brexpiprazole | As an adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and for treatment of schizophrenia. |
| DB09166 | Etizolam | Indicated for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder with depression, panic disorder and insomnia. |
| DB09167 | Dosulepin | Indicated in the treatment of symptoms of depressive illness, especially where an anti-anxiety effect is required. |
| DB09185 | Viloxazine | Indicated for the treatment of clinical depression. |
| DB09194 | Etoperidone | Etoperidone has been studied for the treatment of depression[T47], tremors in Parkinson, extrapyramidal symptoms[L1041] and male impotence[L1042]. It is not certain if it was ever approved and marketed but its current status is withdrawn. |
| DB09210 | Piracetam | Indicated in adult patients suffering from myoclonus of cortical origin, irrespective of aetiology, and should be used in combination with other anti-myoclonic therapies [L1125]. |
| DB09224 | Melperone | For the treatment of schizophrenia, sleep, disorders, agitation and mentally confused states [L1317, L1319, L1322]. |
| DB09225 | Zotepine | Zotepine, like other atypical antipsychotics, is considered as the first-line treatment in newly diagnosed schizophrenia. It is usually thought to be an option of choice for managing acute schizophrenic episodes when discussion with the patient is not possible. Zotepine, as an atypical antipsychotic, is used in patients who are suffering unacceptable side effects from conventional antipsychotics or in relapse patients that were inadequately controlled.[T108]
It is important to consider that the indications stated above are related to atypical antipsychotics, that zotepine is not currently FDA, Canada or EMA approved and that studies have not shown any additional benefit when compared with other approved atypical antipsychotics.[A31857]
Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels and behaves. It is usually marked for a loose reality perspective delineated by hallucinations, delusions and thought and movement disorders.[L1320] |
| DB09245 | Toloxatone | For the treatment of major depressive disorder. |
| DB09247 | Iproclozide | For the treatment of depression. |
| DB09286 | Pipamperone | Treatment of chronic psychoses and states of aggressiveness of various origins [L1515]. |
| DB09288 | Propacetamol | Propacetamol is a paracetamol prodrug of intravenous administration used to control fever and pain of perioperative period in multimodal analgesia therapy.[L1511] |
| DB09289 | Tianeptine | Used primarily in the treatment of major depressive disorder and anxiety [A31969]. It is currently being studied for fibromyalgia pain treatment [L1426]. |
| DB11371 | Alfaxalone | Not Available |
| DB11584 | Pipradrol | Used to manage fatigue [L2522] and depression [L2515], [A32724], [L2518], [L2523]. Used as an adjunct therapy in the management of obesity [L2522]. |
| DB11640 | Amifampridine | Amifampridine is indicated for the symptomatic treatment of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) in adults [F272]. |
| DB11642 | Pitolisant | Indicated in adults for the treatment of narcolepsy with or without cataplexy [L1471]. |
| DB11644 | Tafamidis | Tafamidis is indicated for the treatment of transthyretin amyloidosis in adult patients with stage 1 symptomatic polyneuropathy to delay peripheral neurologic impairment [FDA Label]. |
| DB11823 | Esketamine | Not Available |
| DB12131 | Vinpocetine | Not Available |
| DB12184 | Gepirone | Not Available |
| DB12293 | Nefopam | Not Available |
| DB12338 | Carisbamate | Not Available |
| DB12401 | Bromperidol | Not Available |
| DB12478 | Piribedil | Not Available |
| DB12492 | Piritramide | Not Available |
| DB12710 | Perazine | Not Available |
| DB12867 | Benperidol | Not Available |
| DB12930 | Opipramol | Not Available |
| DB12951 | Pivagabine | Not Available |
| DB12958 | Prothipendyl | Not Available |
| DB13025 | Tiapride | Tiapride is indicated for the treatment of a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders including dyskinesia, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, negative symptoms of psychosis, and agitation and aggression in the elderly. |
| DB13050 | Tirilazad | Not Available |
| DB13084 | Pyritinol | Not Available |
| DB13099 | Valnoctamide | Not Available |
| DB13196 | Valerian | Not Available |
| DB13225 | Dibenzepin | Not Available |
| DB13226 | Acetylleucine | Not Available |
| DB13229 | Enibomal | Not Available |
| DB13233 | Alaproclate | Not Available |
| DB13234 | Propanidid | Not Available |
| DB13259 | Ethyl chloride | Not Available |
| DB13323 | Trichloroethylene | Not Available |
| DB13352 | Deanol | Not Available |
| DB13384 | Melitracen | Not Available |
| DB13385 | Dihydroergocryptine | Not Available |
| DB13538 | Guacetisal | Not Available |
| DB13550 | Bifemelane | Not Available |
| DB13612 | Carbaspirin calcium | Not Available |
| DB13643 | Loprazolam | Not Available |
| DB13657 | Benorilate | Not Available |
| DB13694 | Distigmine | Not Available |
| DB13782 | Imipramine oxide | Not Available |
| DB13805 | Reposal | Not Available |
| DB13837 | Doxefazepam | Not Available |
| DB13841 | Clopenthixol | Not Available |
| DB13872 | Lormetazepam | For the treatment of short-term insomnia [L927] |
| DB14006 | Choline salicylate | The oral gel is indicated for the relief of pain and discomfort of common mouth ulcers, cold sores, denture sore spots, infant teething and mouth ulcers, and sore spots due to orthodontic devices in children [L2135].
|
| DB14028 | Nordazepam | Not Available |
| DB00248 | Cabergoline | For the treatment of hyperprolactinemic disorders, either idiopathic or due to prolactinoma (prolactin-secreting adenomas). May also be used to manage symptoms of Parkinsonian Syndrome as monotherapy during initial symptomatic management or as an adjunct to levodopa therapy during advanced stages of disease. |
| DB00318 | Codeine | For treatment and management of pain (systemic). It is also used as an antidiarrheal and as a cough suppressant. |
| DB00411 | Carbamoylcholine | Primarily used in the treatment of glaucoma, but is also used during ophthalmic surgery. |
| DB00527 | Cinchocaine | For production of local or regional anesthesia by infiltration techniques such as percutaneous injection and intravenous regional anesthesia by peripheral nerve block techniques such as brachial plexus and intercostal and by central neural techniques such as lumbar and caudal epidural blocks. |
| DB00575 | Clonidine | May be used as an adjunct in the treatment of hypertension, as an epidural infusion as an adjunct treatment in the management of severe cancer pain that is not relieved by opiate analgesics alone, for differential diagnosis of pheochromocytoma in hypertensive patients, prophylaxis of vascular migraine headaches, treatment of severe dysmenorrhea, management of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, rapid detoxification in the management of opiate withdrawal, treatment of alcohol withdrawal used in conjunction with benzodiazepines, management of nicotine dependence, topical use to reduce intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle and secondary glaucoma and hemorrhagic glaucoma associated with hypertension, and in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). |
| DB00645 | Dyclonine | Used to provide topical anesthesia of accessible mucous membranes prior to examination, endoscopy or instrumentation, or other procedures involving the esophagus, larynx, mouth, pharynx or throat, respiratory tract or trachea, urinary tract, or vagina. Also used to suppress the gag reflex and/or other laryngeal and esophageal reflexes to facilitate dental examination or procedures (including oral surgery), endoscopy, or intubation. Also used for relief of canker sores, cold sores or fever blister. |
| DB00669 | Sumatriptan | For the treatment of migraine attacks with or without aura. |
| DB00721 | Procaine | Used as a local anesthetic primarily in oral surgery |
| DB00747 | Scopolamine | For the treatment of excessive salivation, colicky abdominal pain, bradycardia, sialorrhoea, diverticulitis, irritable bowel syndrome and motion sickness. |
| DB00822 | Disulfiram | For the treatment and management of chronic alcoholism |
| DB00907 | Cocaine | For the introduction of local (topical) anesthesia of accessible mucous membranes of the oral, laryngeal and nasal cavities. |
| DB00945 | Acetylsalicylic acid | For use in the temporary relief of various forms of pain, inflammation associated with various conditions (including rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis), and is also used to reduce the risk of death and/or nonfatal myocardial infarction in patients with a previous infarction or unstable angina pectoris. |
| DB01086 | Benzocaine | For general use as a lubricant and topical anesthetic on esophagus, larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, rectum, respiratory tract or trachea, urinary tract, vagina. It is also used to suppress gag reflex. |
| DB01173 | Orphenadrine | Indicated for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. |
| DB01435 | Antipyrine | Antipyrine is an analgesic often used to test effects of other drugs on liver enzymes.. |
| DB01482 | Fenethylline | Not Available |
| DB09085 | Tetracaine | The combination lidocaine and tetracaine patch is indicated for local dermal analgesia for superficial dermatological procedures and superficial venous access. The combination lidocaine and tetracaine cream is intended to provide topical local analgesia for superficial dermatological procedures.
|
| DB11130 | Opium | Opium and its derivatives are the most commonly used medications for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. Opium and its alkaloid-derivatives can also be used as tranquilizers, antitussives and in the treatment of diarrhea.[T138] The direct use of opium is not common nowadays but the use of some of its derivatives such as morphine and codeine, as well as the use of a tincture of opium for severe diarrhea can be seen in medical practice.[T139]
Illegal use of opium has been registered to be for both recreational and medicinal purposes.[A32182] |
| DB13509 | Aloxiprin | Not Available |
| DB14575 | Eslicarbazepine | Not Available |
| DB09119 | Eslicarbazepine acetate | Eslicarbazepine acetate is indicated as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial-onset seizures that are not adequately controlled with conventional therapy in epileptic patients. |
| DB12153 | Citicoline | Not Available |
| DB01534 | Chlorhexadol | Not Available |