IDPharmacologyInteractionsReferencesTrialsEconomicsPropertiesSpectraTaxonomy
Targets (16)Enzymes (8)Transporters (5)
Targets (16)Enzymes (8)Transporters (5)Biointeractions (25)

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Identification
NameDopamine
Accession NumberDB00988  (APRD00085)
TypeSmall Molecule
GroupsApproved
Description

One of the catecholamine neurotransmitters in the brain. It is derived from tyrosine and is the precursor to norepinephrine and epinephrine. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (receptors, dopamine) mediate its action. [PubChem]

Structure
Thumb
MOLSDF3D-SDFPDBSMILESInChI View 3D Structure
Synonyms
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine
3-Hydroxytyramine
3,4-Dihydroxyphenethylamine
4-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol
4-(2-Aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol
4-(2-Aminoethyl)catechol
4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol
Deoxyepinephrine
Dopamin
Dopamina
Dopamine
Dopaminum
Dophamine
Hydroxytyramin
Hydroxytyramine
Oxytyramine
External IDs NSC-173182
Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI KeyDetails
Dopamine Hydrochloride7L3E358N9L 62-31-7CTENFNNZBMHDDG-UHFFFAOYSA-NDetails
Approved Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing End
Dopamine HCl Inj 4%Liquid40 mgIntravenousInternational Medication Systems, Limited1980-12-311997-08-15Canada
Dopamine HydrochlorideInjection, solution, concentrate80 mg/mLIntravenousHospira, Inc.1981-05-19Not applicableUs
Dopamine HydrochlorideInjection, solution, concentrate40 mg/mLIntravenousGeneral Injectables & Vaccines2010-08-01Not applicableUs
Dopamine HydrochlorideInjection, solution, concentrate40 mg/mLIntravenousCardinal Health1981-05-19Not applicableUs
Dopamine HydrochlorideInjection, solution, concentrate40 mg/mLIntravenousHospira, Inc.1981-05-19Not applicableUs
Dopamine HydrochlorideInjection, solution, concentrate40 mg/mLIntravenousRemedy Repack2015-01-242017-03-11Us
Dopamine HydrochlorideInjection, solution, concentrate40 mg/mLIntravenousGeneral Injectables & Vaccines2015-09-18Not applicableUs
Dopamine HydrochlorideInjection, solution, concentrate40 mg/mLIntravenousHospira, Inc.1981-05-19Not applicableUs
Dopamine Hydrochloride and DextroseInjection, solution1.6 mg/mLIntravenousHospira, Inc.1983-09-30Not applicableUs
Dopamine Hydrochloride and DextroseInjection, solution80 mg/100mLIntravenousBaxter Laboratories1987-03-27Not applicableUs
Dopamine Hydrochloride and DextroseInjection, solution.8 mg/mLIntravenousHospira, Inc.1983-09-30Not applicableUs
Dopamine Hydrochloride and DextroseInjection, solution3.2 mg/mLIntravenousHospira, Inc.1983-09-30Not applicableUs
Dopamine Hydrochloride and DextroseInjection, solution160 mg/100mLIntravenousBaxter Laboratories1987-03-27Not applicableUs
Dopamine Hydrochloride and DextroseInjection, solution160 mg/100mLIntravenousHospira, Inc.1981-05-19Not applicableUs
Dopamine Hydrochloride and DextroseInjection, solution320 mg/100mLIntravenousBaxter Laboratories1987-03-27Not applicableUs
Intropin Injection 40mg/mlSolution40 mgIntravenousBristol Myers Squibb1993-12-312006-05-29Canada
Approved Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing End
DopamineInjection, solution80 mg/mLIntravenousGeneral Injectables & Vaccines2010-04-012017-01-19Us
Dopamine HClInjection, solution160 mg/mLIntravenousAmerican Regent1990-09-30Not applicableUs
Dopamine HClInjection, solution40 mg/mLIntravenousCardinal Health1987-02-11Not applicableUs
Dopamine HClInjection, solution40 mg/mLIntravenousAmerican Regent1990-09-30Not applicableUs
Dopamine HClInjection, solution80 mg/mLIntravenousAmerican Regent1990-09-30Not applicableUs
Dopamine HClInjection, solution80 mg/mLIntravenousCardinal Health1990-09-30Not applicableUs
Dopamine HydrochlorideInjection, solution40 mg/mLIntravenousGeneral Injectables & Vaccines2010-07-012017-01-19Us
Approved Over the Counter ProductsNot Available
Unapproved/Other Products Not Available
International Brands
NameCompany
IntropinNot Available
RevimineNot Available
Brand mixtures
NameLabellerIngredients
Dopamine HCl 0.8mg/ml Dextrose 5% Inj USPBaxter Laboratories
  1. Dopamine
  2. Glucose
Dopamine HCl 1.6mg/ml Dextrose 5% Inj USPBaxter Laboratories
  1. Dopamine
  2. Glucose
Dopamine HCl 3.2mg/ml Dextrose 5% Inj USPBaxter Laboratories
  1. Dopamine
  2. Glucose
Dopamine Hydrochloride and 5% Dextrose Injection USPHospira, Inc.
  1. Dopamine
  2. Glucose
Categories
UNIIVTD58H1Z2X
CAS number51-61-6
WeightAverage: 153.1784
Monoisotopic: 153.078978601
Chemical FormulaC8H11NO2
InChI KeyVYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C8H11NO2/c9-4-3-6-1-2-7(10)8(11)5-6/h1-2,5,10-11H,3-4,9H2
IUPAC Name
4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol
SMILES
NCCC1=CC(O)=C(O)C=C1
Pharmacology
Indication

For the correction of hemodynamic imbalances present in the shock syndrome due to myocardial infarction, trauma, endotoxic septicemia, open-heart surgery, renal failure, and chronic cardiac decompensation as in congestive failure

Structured Indications
Pharmacodynamics

Dopamine is a natural catecholamine formed by the decarboxylation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). It is a precursor to norepinephrine in noradrenergic nerves and is also a neurotransmitter in certain areas of the central nervous system, especially in the nigrostriatal tract, and in a few peripheral sympathetic nerves. Dopamine produces positive chronotropic and inotropic effects on the myocardium, resulting in increased heart rate and cardiac contractility. This is accomplished directly by exerting an agonist action on beta-adrenoceptors and indirectly by causing release of norepinephrine from storage sites in sympathetic nerve endings.

Mechanism of action

Dopamine is a precursor to norepinephrine in noradrenergic nerves and is also a neurotransmitter in certain areas of the central nervous system. Dopamine produces positive chronotropic and inotropic effects on the myocardium, resulting in increased heart rate and cardiac contractility. This is accomplished directly by exerting an agonist action on beta-adrenoceptors and indirectly by causing release of norepinephrine from storage sites in sympathetic nerve endings. In the brain, dopamine actas as an agonist to the five dopamine receptor subtypes (D!, D2, D3, D4, D5).

TargetKindPharmacological actionActionsOrganismUniProt ID
D(2) dopamine receptorProteinyes
agonist
HumanP14416 details
D(1A) dopamine receptorProteinyes
agonist
HumanP21728 details
D(1B) dopamine receptorProteinyes
agonist
HumanP21918 details
D(3) dopamine receptorProteinyes
agonist
HumanP35462 details
D(4) dopamine receptorProteinyes
agonist
HumanP21917 details
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporterProteinyes
inducer
HumanQ01959 details
Dopamine beta-hydroxylaseProteinyes
ligand
HumanP09172 details
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AProteinunknown
binder
HumanP08908 details
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Proteinunknown
binder
HumanP34969 details
D(1) dopamine receptorProtein groupunknown
agonist
Humannot applicabledetails
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporterProteinunknownNot AvailableHumanP23975 details
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporterProteinunknownNot AvailableHumanP31645 details
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AProteinunknownNot AvailableHumanP46098 details
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BProteinunknownNot AvailableHumanO95264 details
Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]ProteinunknownNot AvailableHumanP00441 details
Synaptic vesicular amine transporterProteinunknownNot AvailableHumanQ05940 details
Related Articles
Absorption

Dopamine is rapidly absorbed from the small intestine.

Volume of distributionNot Available
Protein binding

No information currently available on protein binding.

Metabolism

Biotransformation of dopamine proceeds rapidly to yield the principal excretion products, 3-4-dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid (homovanillic acid, HVA).

SubstrateEnzymesProduct
Dopamine
Not Available		6-HydroxydopamineDetails
Dopamine
Not Available		Dopamine 4-sulfateDetails
Dopamine
Not Available		Dopamine 3-O-sulfateDetails
Dopamine
Not Available		Dopamine glucuronideDetails
Dopamine
Not Available		Dopamine quinoneDetails
Route of elimination

It has been reported that about 80% of the drug is excreted in the urine within 24 hours, primarily as HVA and its sulfate and glucuronide conjugates and as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. A very small portion is excreted unchanged.

Half life

2 minutes

ClearanceNot Available
Toxicity

LD50 oral mice = 1460 mg/kg, LD50 oral rats = 1780 mg/kg. Spasm or closing of eyelids, nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrhythmias, involuntary movements of the body including the face, tongue, arms, hand, head, and upper body; hypotension, haemolytic anaemia, urinary retention, duodenal ulcer, sialorrhea, ataxia, abdominal pain, dry mouth, nightmares, tachypnoea, bruxism, confusion, and insomnia.

Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
PathwaysNot Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Not Available
Interactions
Drug Interactions
DrugInteractionDrug group
AbirateroneThe serum concentration of Dopamine can be increased when it is combined with Abiraterone.Approved
AcebutololThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dopamine is combined with Acebutolol.Approved
AmiodaroneThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Amiodarone.Approved, Investigational
AmphetamineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amphetamine is combined with Dopamine.Approved, Illicit
AprepitantThe metabolism of Dopamine can be increased when combined with Aprepitant.Approved, Investigational
ArmodafinilThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Armodafinil.Approved, Investigational
ArtemetherThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Artemether.Approved
AtomoxetineAtomoxetine may increase the hypertensive activities of Dopamine.Approved
BenzphetamineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Benzphetamine is combined with Dopamine.Approved, Illicit
BetaxololThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Betaxolol.Approved
BortezomibThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Bortezomib.Approved, Investigational
BucindololThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dopamine is combined with Bucindolol.Investigational
BupropionThe serum concentration of Dopamine can be increased when it is combined with Bupropion.Approved
CapecitabineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Capecitabine.Approved, Investigational
CarbamazepineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be increased when combined with Carbamazepine.Approved, Investigational
CelecoxibThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Celecoxib.Approved, Investigational
CeliprololThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dopamine is combined with Celiprolol.Approved, Investigational
CeritinibThe serum concentration of Dopamine can be increased when it is combined with Ceritinib.Approved
ChloramphenicolThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Chloramphenicol.Approved, Vet Approved
ChloroquineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Chloroquine.Approved, Vet Approved
ChlorphentermineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dopamine is combined with Chlorphentermine.Illicit, Withdrawn
ChlorpromazineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Chlorpromazine.Approved, Vet Approved
CholecalciferolThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Cholecalciferol.Approved, Nutraceutical
CimetidineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Cimetidine.Approved
CinacalcetThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Cinacalcet.Approved
CitalopramThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Citalopram.Approved
ClemastineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Clemastine.Approved
ClenbuterolThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dopamine is combined with Clenbuterol.Approved, Vet Approved
ClobazamThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Clobazam.Approved, Illicit
ClomipramineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Clomipramine.Approved, Vet Approved
ClotrimazoleThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Clotrimazole.Approved, Vet Approved
ClozapineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Clozapine.Approved
CobicistatThe serum concentration of Dopamine can be increased when it is combined with Cobicistat.Approved
CocaineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Cocaine.Approved, Illicit
CyclosporineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Cyclosporine.Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved
DabrafenibThe serum concentration of Dopamine can be decreased when it is combined with Dabrafenib.Approved
DarifenacinThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Darifenacin.Approved, Investigational
DarunavirThe serum concentration of Dopamine can be increased when it is combined with Darunavir.Approved
DelavirdineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Delavirdine.Approved
DesfluraneDesflurane may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Dopamine.Approved
DesipramineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Desipramine.Approved
DiphenhydramineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Diphenhydramine.Approved
DobutamineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dobutamine is combined with Dopamine.Approved
DoxofyllineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dopamine is combined with Doxofylline.Approved
DronabinolDronabinol may increase the tachycardic activities of Dopamine.Approved, Illicit
DronedaroneThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Dronedarone.Approved
DuloxetineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Duloxetine.Approved
EfavirenzThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Efavirenz.Approved, Investigational
EliglustatThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Eliglustat.Approved
EnfluraneEnflurane may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Dopamine.Approved, Vet Approved
EntacaponeThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Entacapone.Approved, Investigational
EphedrineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dopamine is combined with Ephedrine.Approved
EpinephrineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Epinephrine is combined with Dopamine.Approved, Vet Approved
Eslicarbazepine acetateThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Eslicarbazepine acetate.Approved
EsomeprazoleThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Esomeprazole.Approved, Investigational
EtilefrineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dopamine is combined with Etilefrine.Withdrawn
EtravirineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Etravirine.Approved
FenoterolThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dopamine is combined with Fenoterol.Approved
FloxuridineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Floxuridine.Approved
FluconazoleThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Fluconazole.Approved
FluorouracilThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Fluorouracil.Approved
FluoxetineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Fluoxetine.Approved, Vet Approved
FluvastatinThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Fluvastatin.Approved
FluvoxamineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Fluvoxamine.Approved, Investigational
FosphenytoinThe metabolism of Dopamine can be increased when combined with Fosphenytoin.Approved
GemfibrozilThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Gemfibrozil.Approved
HaloperidolThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Haloperidol.Approved
HalothaneHalothane may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Dopamine.Approved, Vet Approved
HyaluronidaseThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyaluronidase is combined with Dopamine.Approved, Investigational
HydroxyamphetamineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dopamine is combined with Hydroxyamphetamine hydrobromide.Approved
ImipramineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Imipramine.Approved
IndinavirThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Indinavir.Approved
IobenguaneThe therapeutic efficacy of Iobenguane can be decreased when used in combination with Dopamine.Approved
IrbesartanThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Irbesartan.Approved, Investigational
IsofluraneIsoflurane may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Dopamine.Approved, Vet Approved
IsoniazidThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Isoniazid.Approved
IsoprenalineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dopamine is combined with Isoprenaline.Approved
IsoxsuprineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dopamine is combined with Isoxsuprine.Approved, Withdrawn
KetoconazoleThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Ketoconazole.Approved, Investigational
LabetalolThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Labetalol is combined with Dopamine.Approved
LeflunomideThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Leflunomide.Approved, Investigational
LinezolidLinezolid may increase the hypertensive activities of Dopamine.Approved, Investigational
LopinavirThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Lopinavir.Approved
LorcaserinThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Lorcaserin.Approved
LosartanThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Losartan.Approved
LovastatinThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Lovastatin.Approved, Investigational
LuliconazoleThe serum concentration of Dopamine can be increased when it is combined with Luliconazole.Approved
LumacaftorThe serum concentration of Dopamine can be decreased when it is combined with Lumacaftor.Approved
LumefantrineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Lumefantrine.Approved
LurasidoneDopamine may increase the hypotensive activities of Lurasidone.Approved
MephentermineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dopamine is combined with Mephentermine.Approved
MetaraminolThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Metaraminol is combined with Dopamine.Approved, Investigational
MethadoneThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Methadone.Approved
MethamphetamineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dopamine is combined with Methamphetamine.Approved, Illicit
MethotrimeprazineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Methotrimeprazine.Approved
MethoxamineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methoxamine is combined with Dopamine.Approved
MethoxyfluraneMethoxyflurane may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Dopamine.Approved, Vet Approved
MetoprololThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Metoprolol.Approved, Investigational
MidodrineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Midodrine is combined with Dopamine.Approved
MifepristoneThe serum concentration of Dopamine can be increased when it is combined with Mifepristone.Approved, Investigational
MirabegronThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Mirabegron.Approved
MoclobemideThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Moclobemide.Approved
ModafinilThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Modafinil.Approved, Investigational
NabiloneNabilone may increase the tachycardic activities of Dopamine.Approved, Investigational
NelfinavirThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Nelfinavir.Approved
NevirapineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Nevirapine.Approved
NicardipineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Nicardipine.Approved
NilotinibThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Nilotinib.Approved, Investigational
Nitrous oxideNitrous oxide may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Dopamine.Approved, Vet Approved
NorepinephrineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Norepinephrine is combined with Dopamine.Approved
OmeprazoleThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Omeprazole.Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved
OrciprenalineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Orciprenaline is combined with Dopamine.Approved
OxymetazolineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Oxymetazoline is combined with Dopamine.Approved
PanobinostatThe serum concentration of Dopamine can be increased when it is combined with Panobinostat.Approved, Investigational
PantoprazoleThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Pantoprazole.Approved
ParoxetineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Paroxetine.Approved, Investigational
Peginterferon alfa-2bThe serum concentration of Dopamine can be decreased when it is combined with Peginterferon alfa-2b.Approved
PhenmetrazineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Phenmetrazine is combined with Dopamine.Approved, Illicit
PhenobarbitalThe metabolism of Dopamine can be increased when combined with Phenobarbital.Approved
PhentermineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Phentermine is combined with Dopamine.Approved, Illicit
PhenylephrineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Phenylephrine is combined with Dopamine.Approved
PhenylpropanolamineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Phenylpropanolamine is combined with Dopamine.Approved, Vet Approved, Withdrawn
PhenytoinThe metabolism of Dopamine can be increased when combined with Phenytoin.Approved, Vet Approved
PrimidoneThe metabolism of Dopamine can be increased when combined with Primidone.Approved, Vet Approved
ProcaterolThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dopamine is combined with Procaterol.Approved
PromazineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Promazine.Approved, Vet Approved
PseudoephedrineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dopamine is combined with Pseudoephedrine.Approved
PyrimethamineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Pyrimethamine.Approved, Vet Approved
QuinidineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Quinidine.Approved
QuinineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Quinine.Approved
RanolazineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Ranolazine.Approved, Investigational
RifampicinThe metabolism of Dopamine can be increased when combined with Rifampicin.Approved
RifapentineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be increased when combined with Rifapentine.Approved
RitodrineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ritodrine is combined with Dopamine.Approved
RitonavirThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Ritonavir.Approved, Investigational
RolapitantThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Rolapitant.Approved
RopiniroleThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Ropinirole.Approved, Investigational
SecobarbitalThe metabolism of Dopamine can be increased when combined with Secobarbital.Approved, Vet Approved
SertralineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Sertraline.Approved
SevofluraneSevoflurane may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Dopamine.Approved, Vet Approved
SildenafilThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Sildenafil.Approved, Investigational
SorafenibThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Sorafenib.Approved, Investigational
StiripentolThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Stiripentol.Approved
SulfadiazineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Sulfadiazine.Approved, Vet Approved
SulfamethoxazoleThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Sulfamethoxazole.Approved
SulfisoxazoleThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Sulfisoxazole.Approved, Vet Approved
SynephrineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dopamine is combined with Synephrine.Experimental
Tedizolid PhosphateTedizolid Phosphate may increase the hypertensive activities of Dopamine.Approved
TerbinafineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Terbinafine.Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved
TerbutalineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Terbutaline is combined with Dopamine.Approved
Testosterone PropionateThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Testosterone Propionate.Approved, Vet Approved
TetryzolineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dopamine is combined with Tetryzoline.Approved
ThioridazineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Thioridazine.Withdrawn
TicagrelorThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Ticagrelor.Approved
TiclopidineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Ticlopidine.Approved
TipranavirThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Tipranavir.Approved, Investigational
TolbutamideThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Tolbutamide.Approved
TolcaponeThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Tolcapone.Approved, Withdrawn
TopiramateThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Topiramate.Approved
TranylcypromineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Tranylcypromine.Approved
TrimethoprimThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Trimethoprim.Approved, Vet Approved
TyramineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dopamine is combined with Tyramine.Investigational, Nutraceutical
Valproic AcidThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Valproic Acid.Approved, Investigational
ValsartanThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Valsartan.Approved, Investigational
VenlafaxineThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Venlafaxine.Approved
VoriconazoleThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Voriconazole.Approved, Investigational
ZafirlukastThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Zafirlukast.Approved, Investigational
ZiprasidoneThe metabolism of Dopamine can be decreased when combined with Ziprasidone.Approved
Food InteractionsNot Available
References
Synthesis Reference

Klaus Schoellkopf, Rudolf Albrecht, Manfred Lehmann, Gertrud Schroeder, "Novel dopamine derivatives, processes for their preparation, and their use as medicinal agents." U.S. Patent US4958026, issued February, 1972.

US4958026
General References
  1. Barron AB, Maleszka R, Vander Meer RK, Robinson GE: Octopamine modulates honey bee dance behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jan 30;104(5):1703-7. Epub 2007 Jan 19. [PubMed:17237217 ]
  2. Giuliano F, Allard J: Dopamine and male sexual function. Eur Urol. 2001 Dec;40(6):601-8. [PubMed:11805404 ]
  3. Giuliano F, Allard J: Dopamine and sexual function. Int J Impot Res. 2001 Aug;13 Suppl 3:S18-28. [PubMed:11477488 ]
  4. Berridge KC, Robinson TE: What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience? Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1998 Dec;28(3):309-69. [PubMed:9858756 ]
  5. Pecina S, Cagniard B, Berridge KC, Aldridge JW, Zhuang X: Hyperdopaminergic mutant mice have higher "wanting" but not "liking" for sweet rewards. J Neurosci. 2003 Oct 15;23(28):9395-402. [PubMed:14561867 ]
External Links
ATC CodesC01CA04 — Dopamine
AHFS CodesNot Available
PDB EntriesNot Available
FDA labelNot Available
MSDSDownload (72.1 KB)
Clinical Trials
Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
1CompletedTreatmentArterial Hypotension / Blood Pressures / Infant, Low Birth Weight / Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Infants, Premature / Newborn Infants1
1CompletedTreatmentHyperglycemias / Sepsis1
1Unknown StatusTreatmentArterial Hypotension / Arterial hypoxia1
2CompletedTreatmentAcute Heart Failure (AHF)1
2, 3CompletedTreatmentHeart Failure, Unspecified1
2, 3Not Yet RecruitingPreventionTransplant, Kidney1
2, 3RecruitingPreventionPost-operative Cognitive Dysfunction1
3CompletedTreatmentShock, Septic1
3RecruitingTreatmentArterial Hypotension / Intraventricular Hemorrhage of Prematurity1
4Active Not RecruitingTreatmentArterial Hypotension1
4Active Not RecruitingTreatmentHeart Failure, Diastolic1
4CompletedTreatmentHead and Neck Carcinoma1
4Not Yet RecruitingPreventionRenal Function1
4SuspendedTreatmentAcute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)1
4TerminatedTreatmentStrokes1
4Unknown StatusTreatmentDystonic Cerebral Palsy1
4Unknown StatusTreatmentMicrocirculation / Severe Sepsis1
Not AvailableCompletedTreatmentArterial Hypotension1
Not AvailableCompletedTreatmentArterial Hypotension / Shock1
Not AvailableCompletedTreatmentIntra Operative Fluid Management1
Not AvailableRecruitingBasic ScienceHealth1
Not AvailableRecruitingPreventionArterial Hypotension1
Not AvailableRecruitingTreatmentAcute Kidney Injury (AKI)1
Not AvailableRecruitingTreatmentShock, Septic1
Not AvailableUnknown StatusTreatmentArterial hypoxia1
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Abbott laboratories hosp products div
  • Abraxis pharmaceutical products
  • Astrazeneca lp
  • Baxter healthcare corp anesthesia and critical care
  • Hospira inc
  • International medication system
  • Luitpold pharmaceuticals inc
  • Smith and nephew solopak div smith and nephew
  • Teva parenteral medicines inc
  • Warner chilcott div warner lambert co
  • B braun medical inc
  • Baxter healthcare corp
Packagers
Dosage forms
FormRouteStrength
Injection, solutionIntravenous160 mg/mL
Injection, solutionIntravenous40 mg/mL
Injection, solutionIntravenous80 mg/mL
SolutionIntravenous
LiquidIntravenous40 mg
Injection, solution, concentrateIntravenous40 mg/mL
Injection, solution, concentrateIntravenous80 mg/mL
Injection, solutionIntravenous.8 mg/mL
Injection, solutionIntravenous1.6 mg/mL
Injection, solutionIntravenous160 mg/100mL
Injection, solutionIntravenous3.2 mg/mL
Injection, solutionIntravenous320 mg/100mL
Injection, solutionIntravenous80 mg/100mL
SolutionIntravenous40 mg
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Dopamine 40 mg/ml vial0.15USD ml
Dopamine 800 mg-d5w 500 ml0.05USD ml
Dopamine 400 mg-d5w 250 ml0.04USD ml
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
PatentsNot Available
Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)128 °CPhysProp
boiling point (°C)227 °C at 2.30E+01 mm HgPhysProp
water solubility600 g/LNot Available
logP-0.98HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Caco2 permeability-5.03ADME Research, USCD
pKa8.93PERRIN,DD (1965)
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility7.43 mg/mLALOGPS
logP-0.4ALOGPS
logP0.03ChemAxon
logS-1.3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)10.01ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.27ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area66.48 Å2ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity43.25 m3·mol-1ChemAxon
Polarizability16.21 Å3ChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted ADMET features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9547
Blood Brain Barrier-0.8414
Caco-2 permeable-0.5479
P-glycoprotein substrateNon-substrate0.5431
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.9739
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.9357
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.7115
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8462
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.6383
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.6905
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.9046
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9459
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9422
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9477
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9001
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.8648
Ames testAMES toxic0.9107
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.8642
BiodegradationReady biodegradable0.7449
Rat acute toxicity2.1415 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.7712
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.5715
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397 )
Spectra
Mass Spec (NIST)Not Available
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies)splash10-00di-1900000000-117a1a7207245f5377e7View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (4 TMS)splash10-00di-1900000000-8b7dcae82868308513daView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0uxu-4900000000-ff51177ebcb89b8c956cView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0006-9200000000-a554eb700a06cecb8292View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-014l-9000000000-db9813e1025f237a549bView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negativesplash10-0udi-0900000000-27e0d71db6d14d79759cView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negativesplash10-0uk9-0900000000-f1cf97c0d0dd509e229eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negativesplash10-00di-0900000000-aa09a2411e287abe74edView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negativesplash10-00di-1900000000-97c42b109cab2005373dView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negativesplash10-006x-9700000000-974bd18febffcceea2d6View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positivesplash10-0f79-0900000000-099173d4201beca9e548View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positivesplash10-000i-1900000000-9dc09f2661247c9d84b0View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positivesplash10-0006-9300000000-8b85fa9aac1ffb4c2873View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-9ea16d2057010279d433View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positivesplash10-014l-9000000000-32ca2db8fe2b4729ab94View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positivesplash10-0f79-0900000000-ff587935c79b4592ffcfView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positivesplash10-000i-1900000000-8a35d8a2241bc18d6c50View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positivesplash10-0006-9300000000-356a4b8f268863c7893eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-a88c1004f357858fbc6cView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positivesplash10-014l-9000000000-271874005dcb90288512View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativesplash10-0udi-0900000000-cfa7e1cb9f02ffb4447dView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativesplash10-0udi-0900000000-46710e11fd65e4eff57bView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativesplash10-0fk9-0900000000-9dd18d949c0827d3f09eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativesplash10-00di-0900000000-7bc01b4577dd65504b1aView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativesplash10-00di-0900000000-92056f2762508fb506f1View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativesplash10-00di-0900000000-bd67f5e0746a2ca0a324View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-00di-0900000000-501c6004e6d496b38d4fView in MoNA
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-00e9-8900000000-88acdc978fe4a64e0fc5View in MoNA
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot Available
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot Available
Taxonomy
DescriptionThis compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as catecholamines and derivatives. These are compounds containing 4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] or a derivative thereof formed by substitution.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassPhenols
Sub ClassBenzenediols
Direct ParentCatecholamines and derivatives
Alternative ParentsPhenethylamines / 2-arylethylamines / Aralkylamines / 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids / Organopnictogen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Monoalkylamines / Hydrocarbon derivatives
SubstituentsCatecholamine / Phenethylamine / 2-arylethylamine / 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid / Aralkylamine / Monocyclic benzene moiety / Amine / Hydrocarbon derivative / Primary amine
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptorscatecholamine (CHEBI:18243 ) / Biogenic amines, Tyramine derivatives, Dopamine (C03758 )

Targets

Details
1. D(2) dopamine receptor
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
yes
Actions
agonist
General Function:
Potassium channel regulator activity
Specific Function:
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name:
DRD2
Uniprot ID:
P14416
Uniprot Name:
D(2) dopamine receptor
Molecular Weight:
50618.91 Da
References
  1. Ostadali MR, Ahangari G, Eslami MB, Razavi A, Zarrindast MR, Ahmadkhaniha HR, Boulhari J: The Detection of Dopamine Gene Receptors (DRD1-DRD5) Expression on Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes by Real Time PCR. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004 Dec;3(4):169-74. [PubMed:17301410 ]
  2. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
Details
2. D(1A) dopamine receptor
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
yes
Actions
agonist
General Function:
G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
Specific Function:
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name:
DRD1
Uniprot ID:
P21728
Uniprot Name:
D(1A) dopamine receptor
Molecular Weight:
49292.765 Da
References
  1. Ostadali MR, Ahangari G, Eslami MB, Razavi A, Zarrindast MR, Ahmadkhaniha HR, Boulhari J: The Detection of Dopamine Gene Receptors (DRD1-DRD5) Expression on Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes by Real Time PCR. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004 Dec;3(4):169-74. [PubMed:17301410 ]
  2. Dolzan V, Plesnicar BK, Serretti A, Mandelli L, Zalar B, Koprivsek J, Breskvar K: Polymorphisms in dopamine receptor DRD1 and DRD2 genes and psychopathological and extrapyramidal symptoms in patients on long-term antipsychotic treatment. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2007 Sep 5;144B(6):809-15. [PubMed:17455212 ]
  3. Hoenicka J, Aragues M, Ponce G, Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Jimenez-Arriero MA, Palomo T: From dopaminergic genes to psychiatric disorders. Neurotox Res. 2007 Jan;11(1):61-72. [PubMed:17449449 ]
  4. da Silva Lobo DS, Vallada HP, Knight J, Martins SS, Tavares H, Gentil V, Kennedy JL: Dopamine genes and pathological gambling in discordant sib-pairs. J Gambl Stud. 2007 Dec;23(4):421-33. Epub 2007 Mar 30. [PubMed:17394052 ]
  5. Fu W, Shen J, Luo X, Zhu W, Cheng J, Yu K, Briggs JM, Jin G, Chen K, Jiang H: Dopamine D1 receptor agonist and D2 receptor antagonist effects of the natural product (-)-stepholidine: molecular modeling and dynamics simulations. Biophys J. 2007 Sep 1;93(5):1431-41. Epub 2007 Apr 27. [PubMed:17468175 ]
Details
3. D(1B) dopamine receptor
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
yes
Actions
agonist
General Function:
G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
Specific Function:
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name:
DRD5
Uniprot ID:
P21918
Uniprot Name:
D(1B) dopamine receptor
Molecular Weight:
52950.5 Da
References
  1. Ostadali MR, Ahangari G, Eslami MB, Razavi A, Zarrindast MR, Ahmadkhaniha HR, Boulhari J: The Detection of Dopamine Gene Receptors (DRD1-DRD5) Expression on Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes by Real Time PCR. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004 Dec;3(4):169-74. [PubMed:17301410 ]
Details
4. D(3) dopamine receptor
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
yes
Actions
agonist
General Function:
G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
Specific Function:
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Promotes cell proliferation.
Gene Name:
DRD3
Uniprot ID:
P35462
Uniprot Name:
D(3) dopamine receptor
Molecular Weight:
44224.335 Da
References
  1. Ostadali MR, Ahangari G, Eslami MB, Razavi A, Zarrindast MR, Ahmadkhaniha HR, Boulhari J: The Detection of Dopamine Gene Receptors (DRD1-DRD5) Expression on Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes by Real Time PCR. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004 Dec;3(4):169-74. [PubMed:17301410 ]
Details
5. D(4) dopamine receptor
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
yes
Actions
agonist
General Function:
Sh3 domain binding
Specific Function:
Dopamine receptor responsible for neuronal signaling in the mesolimbic system of the brain, an area of the brain that regulates emotion and complex behavior. Its activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Modulates the circadian rhythm of contrast sensitivity by regulating the rhythmic expression of NPAS2 in the retinal ganglion cells (By similarity).
Gene Name:
DRD4
Uniprot ID:
P21917
Uniprot Name:
D(4) dopamine receptor
Molecular Weight:
48359.86 Da
References
  1. Ostadali MR, Ahangari G, Eslami MB, Razavi A, Zarrindast MR, Ahmadkhaniha HR, Boulhari J: The Detection of Dopamine Gene Receptors (DRD1-DRD5) Expression on Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes by Real Time PCR. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004 Dec;3(4):169-74. [PubMed:17301410 ]
Details
6. Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
yes
Actions
inducer
General Function:
Monoamine transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function:
Amine transporter. Terminates the action of dopamine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals.
Gene Name:
SLC6A3
Uniprot ID:
Q01959
Uniprot Name:
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter
Molecular Weight:
68494.255 Da
References
  1. Ostadali MR, Ahangari G, Eslami MB, Razavi A, Zarrindast MR, Ahmadkhaniha HR, Boulhari J: The Detection of Dopamine Gene Receptors (DRD1-DRD5) Expression on Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes by Real Time PCR. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004 Dec;3(4):169-74. [PubMed:17301410 ]
Details
7. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
yes
Actions
ligand
General Function:
L-ascorbic acid binding
Specific Function:
Conversion of dopamine to noradrenaline.
Gene Name:
DBH
Uniprot ID:
P09172
Uniprot Name:
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase
Molecular Weight:
69064.45 Da
References
  1. Goldman JM, Cooper RL, Murr AS: Reproductive functions and hypothalamic catecholamines in response to the soil fumigant metam sodium: adaptations to extended exposures. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2007 May-Jun;29(3):368-76. Epub 2006 Dec 6. [PubMed:17258889 ]
  2. Arboleda G, Huang TJ, Waters C, Verkhratsky A, Fernyhough P, Gibson RM: Insulin-like growth factor-1-dependent maintenance of neuronal metabolism through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway is inhibited by C2-ceramide in CAD cells. Eur J Neurosci. 2007 May;25(10):3030-8. [PubMed:17561816 ]
  3. Garland EM, Black BK, Harris PA, Robertson D: Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in postural tachycardia syndrome. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007 Jul;293(1):H684-90. [PubMed:17625104 ]
  4. Pyatskowit JW, Prohaska JR: Rodent brain and heart catecholamine levels are altered by different models of copper deficiency. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2007 Mar;145(2):275-81. Epub 2007 Jan 12. [PubMed:17287146 ]
  5. LeBlanc J, Ducharme MB: Plasma dopamine and noradrenaline variations in response to stress. Physiol Behav. 2007 Jun 8;91(2-3):208-11. Epub 2007 Mar 2. [PubMed:17433386 ]
Details
8. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
unknown
Actions
binder
General Function:
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G pro...
Gene Name:
HTR1A
Uniprot ID:
P08908
Uniprot Name:
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A
Molecular Weight:
46106.335 Da
References
  1. Weber JT, Hayataka K, O'Connor MF, Parker KK: Rabbit cerebral cortex 5HT1a receptors. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol. 1997 May;117(1):19-24. [PubMed:9185324 ]
  2. Toll L, Berzetei-Gurske IP, Polgar WE, Brandt SR, Adapa ID, Rodriguez L, Schwartz RW, Haggart D, O'Brien A, White A, Kennedy JM, Craymer K, Farrington L, Auh JS: Standard binding and functional assays related to medications development division testing for potential cocaine and opiate narcotic treatment medications. NIDA Res Monogr. 1998 Mar;178:440-66. [PubMed:9686407 ]
Details
9. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
unknown
Actions
binder
General Function:
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:
This is one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase.
Gene Name:
HTR7
Uniprot ID:
P34969
Uniprot Name:
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7
Molecular Weight:
53554.43 Da
References
  1. Lovenberg TW, Baron BM, de Lecea L, Miller JD, Prosser RA, Rea MA, Foye PE, Racke M, Slone AL, Siegel BW, et al.: A novel adenylyl cyclase-activating serotonin receptor (5-HT7) implicated in the regulation of mammalian circadian rhythms. Neuron. 1993 Sep;11(3):449-58. [PubMed:8398139 ]
  2. Shen Y, Monsma FJ Jr, Metcalf MA, Jose PA, Hamblin MW, Sibley DR: Molecular cloning and expression of a 5-hydroxytryptamine7 serotonin receptor subtype. J Biol Chem. 1993 Aug 25;268(24):18200-4. [PubMed:8394362 ]
Details
10. D(1) dopamine receptor (Protein Group)
Kind
Protein group
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
unknown
Actions
agonist
General Function:
G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
Specific Function:
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase.
Components:
NameUniProt IDDetails
D(1A) dopamine receptorP21728 Details
D(1B) dopamine receptorP21918 Details
References
  1. Hubner H, Haubmann C, Utz W, Gmeiner P: Conjugated enynes as nonaromatic catechol bioisosteres: synthesis, binding experiments, and computational studies of novel dopamine receptor agonists recognizing preferentially the D(3) subtype. J Med Chem. 2000 Feb 24;43(4):756-62. [PubMed:10691700 ]
Details
11. Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
unknown
General Function:
Norepinephrine:sodium symporter activity
Specific Function:
Amine transporter. Terminates the action of noradrenaline by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals.
Gene Name:
SLC6A2
Uniprot ID:
P23975
Uniprot Name:
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter
Molecular Weight:
69331.42 Da
References
  1. Rothman RB, Baumann MH, Dersch CM, Romero DV, Rice KC, Carroll FI, Partilla JS: Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and serotonin. Synapse. 2001 Jan;39(1):32-41. [PubMed:11071707 ]
Details
12. Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
unknown
General Function:
Serotonin:sodium symporter activity
Specific Function:
Serotonin transporter whose primary function in the central nervous system involves the regulation of serotonergic signaling via transport of serotonin molecules from the synaptic cleft back into the pre-synaptic terminal for re-utilization. Plays a key role in mediating regulation of the availability of serotonin to other receptors of serotonergic systems. Terminates the action of serotonin an...
Gene Name:
SLC6A4
Uniprot ID:
P31645
Uniprot Name:
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter
Molecular Weight:
70324.165 Da
References
  1. Rothman RB, Baumann MH, Dersch CM, Romero DV, Rice KC, Carroll FI, Partilla JS: Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and serotonin. Synapse. 2001 Jan;39(1):32-41. [PubMed:11071707 ]
Details
13. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
unknown
General Function:
Voltage-gated potassium channel activity
Specific Function:
This is one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. This receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel, which when activated causes fast, depolarizing responses in neurons. It is a cation-specific, but otherwise relatively nonselective, ion channel.
Gene Name:
HTR3A
Uniprot ID:
P46098
Uniprot Name:
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A
Molecular Weight:
55279.835 Da
References
  1. Rusch D, Musset B, Wulf H, Schuster A, Raines DE: Subunit-dependent modulation of the 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor open-close equilibrium by n-alcohols. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Jun;321(3):1069-74. Epub 2007 Mar 7. [PubMed:17360702 ]
Details
14. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
unknown
General Function:
Serotonin-activated cation-selective channel activity
Specific Function:
This is one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. This receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel, which when activated causes fast, depolarizing responses. It is a cation-specific, but otherwise relatively nonselective, ion channel.
Gene Name:
HTR3B
Uniprot ID:
O95264
Uniprot Name:
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B
Molecular Weight:
50291.3 Da
References
  1. Rusch D, Musset B, Wulf H, Schuster A, Raines DE: Subunit-dependent modulation of the 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor open-close equilibrium by n-alcohols. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Jun;321(3):1069-74. Epub 2007 Mar 7. [PubMed:17360702 ]
Details
15. Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
unknown
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
Gene Name:
SOD1
Uniprot ID:
P00441
Uniprot Name:
Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]
Molecular Weight:
15935.685 Da
References
  1. Wright GS, Antonyuk SV, Kershaw NM, Strange RW, Samar Hasnain S: Ligand binding and aggregation of pathogenic SOD1. Nat Commun. 2013;4:1758. doi: 10.1038/ncomms2750. [PubMed:23612299 ]
Details
16. Synaptic vesicular amine transporter
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
unknown
General Function:
Monoamine transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function:
Involved in the ATP-dependent vesicular transport of biogenic amine neurotransmitters. Pumps cytosolic monoamines including dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and histamine into synaptic vesicles. Requisite for vesicular amine storage prior to secretion via exocytosis.
Gene Name:
SLC18A2
Uniprot ID:
Q05940
Uniprot Name:
Synaptic vesicular amine transporter
Molecular Weight:
55712.075 Da
References
  1. Gonzalez AM, Walther D, Pazos A, Uhl GR: Synaptic vesicular monoamine transporter expression: distribution and pharmacologic profile. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1994 Mar;22(1-4):219-26. [PubMed:7912402 ]

Enzymes

Details
1. Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
unknown
Actions
substrate
General Function:
Serotonin binding
Specific Function:
Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOA preferentially oxidizes biogenic amines such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine and epinephrine.
Gene Name:
MAOA
Uniprot ID:
P21397
Uniprot Name:
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A
Molecular Weight:
59681.27 Da
References
  1. Bortolato M, Chen K, Shih JC: Monoamine oxidase inactivation: from pathophysiology to therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2008 Oct-Nov;60(13-14):1527-33. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.06.002. Epub 2008 Jul 4. [PubMed:18652859 ]
  2. Kaludercic N, Carpi A, Menabo R, Di Lisa F, Paolocci N: Monoamine oxidases (MAO) in the pathogenesis of heart failure and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Jul;1813(7):1323-32. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.09.010. Epub 2010 Sep 24. [PubMed:20869994 ]
  3. Volavka J, Bilder R, Nolan K: Catecholamines and aggression: the role of COMT and MAO polymorphisms. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Dec;1036:393-8. [PubMed:15817751 ]
Details
2. Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
unknown
Actions
substrate
General Function:
Primary amine oxidase activity
Specific Function:
Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOB preferentially degrades benzylamine and phenylethylamine.
Gene Name:
MAOB
Uniprot ID:
P27338
Uniprot Name:
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B
Molecular Weight:
58762.475 Da
References
  1. Bortolato M, Chen K, Shih JC: Monoamine oxidase inactivation: from pathophysiology to therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2008 Oct-Nov;60(13-14):1527-33. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.06.002. Epub 2008 Jul 4. [PubMed:18652859 ]
  2. Kaludercic N, Carpi A, Menabo R, Di Lisa F, Paolocci N: Monoamine oxidases (MAO) in the pathogenesis of heart failure and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Jul;1813(7):1323-32. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.09.010. Epub 2010 Sep 24. [PubMed:20869994 ]
Details
3. Catechol O-methyltransferase
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
unknown
Actions
substrate
General Function:
O-methyltransferase activity
Specific Function:
Catalyzes the O-methylation, and thereby the inactivation, of catecholamine neurotransmitters and catechol hormones. Also shortens the biological half-lives of certain neuroactive drugs, like L-DOPA, alpha-methyl DOPA and isoproterenol.
Gene Name:
COMT
Uniprot ID:
P21964
Uniprot Name:
Catechol O-methyltransferase
Molecular Weight:
30036.77 Da
References
  1. Ittiwut R, Listman JB, Ittiwut C, Cubells JF, Weiss RD, Brady K, Oslin D, Farrer LA, Kranzler HR, Gelernter J: Association between polymorphisms in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and cocaine-induced paranoia in European-American and African-American populations. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2011 Sep;156B(6):651-60. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31205. Epub 2011 Jun 8. [PubMed:21656904 ]
  2. Boot E, Booij J, Abeling N, Meijer J, da Silva Alves F, Zinkstok J, Baas F, Linszen D, van Amelsvoort T: Dopamine metabolism in adults with 22q11 deletion syndrome, with and without schizophrenia--relationship with COMT Val(1)(0)(8)/(1)(5)(8)Met polymorphism, gender and symptomatology. J Psychopharmacol. 2011 Jul;25(7):888-95. doi: 10.1177/0269881111400644. Epub 2011 Mar 29. [PubMed:21447540 ]
  3. Volavka J, Bilder R, Nolan K: Catecholamines and aggression: the role of COMT and MAO polymorphisms. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Dec;1036:393-8. [PubMed:15817751 ]
Details
4. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
unknown
Actions
substrate
General Function:
L-ascorbic acid binding
Specific Function:
Conversion of dopamine to noradrenaline.
Gene Name:
DBH
Uniprot ID:
P09172
Uniprot Name:
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase
Molecular Weight:
69064.45 Da
References
  1. Goldman JM, Cooper RL, Murr AS: Reproductive functions and hypothalamic catecholamines in response to the soil fumigant metam sodium: adaptations to extended exposures. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2007 May-Jun;29(3):368-76. Epub 2006 Dec 6. [PubMed:17258889 ]
  2. Arboleda G, Huang TJ, Waters C, Verkhratsky A, Fernyhough P, Gibson RM: Insulin-like growth factor-1-dependent maintenance of neuronal metabolism through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway is inhibited by C2-ceramide in CAD cells. Eur J Neurosci. 2007 May;25(10):3030-8. [PubMed:17561816 ]
  3. Garland EM, Black BK, Harris PA, Robertson D: Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in postural tachycardia syndrome. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007 Jul;293(1):H684-90. [PubMed:17625104 ]
  4. Pyatskowit JW, Prohaska JR: Rodent brain and heart catecholamine levels are altered by different models of copper deficiency. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2007 Mar;145(2):275-81. Epub 2007 Jan 12. [PubMed:17287146 ]
  5. LeBlanc J, Ducharme MB: Plasma dopamine and noradrenaline variations in response to stress. Physiol Behav. 2007 Jun 8;91(2-3):208-11. Epub 2007 Mar 2. [PubMed:17433386 ]
Details
5. Cytochrome P450 1A2
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
unknown
Actions
inhibitor
General Function:
Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Specific Function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N...
Gene Name:
CYP1A2
Uniprot ID:
P05177
Uniprot Name:
Cytochrome P450 1A2
Molecular Weight:
58293.76 Da
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
Details
6. Cytochrome P450 2C19
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
unknown
Actions
substrate
General Function:
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function:
Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine.
Gene Name:
CYP2C19
Uniprot ID:
P33261
Uniprot Name:
Cytochrome P450 2C19
Molecular Weight:
55930.545 Da
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
Details
7. Cytochrome P450 2C9
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
unknown
Actions
substrate
General Function:
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenyto...
Gene Name:
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID:
P11712
Uniprot Name:
Cytochrome P450 2C9
Molecular Weight:
55627.365 Da
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
Details
8. Cytochrome P450 2D6
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
unknown
Actions
substrate
General Function:
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function:
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants.
Gene Name:
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID:
P10635
Uniprot Name:
Cytochrome P450 2D6
Molecular Weight:
55768.94 Da
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]

Transporters

Details
1. Solute carrier family 22 member 2
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
unknown
Actions
substrateinhibitor
General Function:
Quaternary ammonium group transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function:
Mediates tubular uptake of organic compounds from circulation. Mediates the influx of agmatine, dopamine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, choline, famotidine, ranitidine, histamin, creatinine, amantadine, memantine, acriflavine, 4-[4-(dimethylamino)-styryl]-N-methylpyridinium ASP, amiloride, metformin, N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), tetraethylammonium (TEA), 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridiniu...
Gene Name:
SLC22A2
Uniprot ID:
O15244
Uniprot Name:
Solute carrier family 22 member 2
Molecular Weight:
62579.99 Da
References
  1. Urakami Y, Akazawa M, Saito H, Okuda M, Inui K: cDNA cloning, functional characterization, and tissue distribution of an alternatively spliced variant of organic cation transporter hOCT2 predominantly expressed in the human kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002 Jul;13(7):1703-10. [PubMed:12089365 ]
  2. Wu X, Kekuda R, Huang W, Fei YJ, Leibach FH, Chen J, Conway SJ, Ganapathy V: Identity of the organic cation transporter OCT3 as the extraneuronal monoamine transporter (uptake2) and evidence for the expression of the transporter in the brain. J Biol Chem. 1998 Dec 4;273(49):32776-86. [PubMed:9830022 ]
  3. Urakami Y, Okuda M, Masuda S, Akazawa M, Saito H, Inui K: Distinct characteristics of organic cation transporters, OCT1 and OCT2, in the basolateral membrane of renal tubules. Pharm Res. 2001 Nov;18(11):1528-34. [PubMed:11758759 ]
  4. Busch AE, Karbach U, Miska D, Gorboulev V, Akhoundova A, Volk C, Arndt P, Ulzheimer JC, Sonders MS, Baumann C, Waldegger S, Lang F, Koepsell H: Human neurons express the polyspecific cation transporter hOCT2, which translocates monoamine neurotransmitters, amantadine, and memantine. Mol Pharmacol. 1998 Aug;54(2):342-52. [PubMed:9687576 ]
  5. Grundemann D, Koster S, Kiefer N, Breidert T, Engelhardt M, Spitzenberger F, Obermuller N, Schomig E: Transport of monoamine transmitters by the organic cation transporter type 2, OCT2. J Biol Chem. 1998 Nov 20;273(47):30915-20. [PubMed:9812985 ]
  6. Verhaagh S, Schweifer N, Barlow DP, Zwart R: Cloning of the mouse and human solute carrier 22a3 (Slc22a3/SLC22A3) identifies a conserved cluster of three organic cation transporters on mouse chromosome 17 and human 6q26-q27. Genomics. 1999 Jan 15;55(2):209-18. [PubMed:9933568 ]
  7. Grundemann D, Liebich G, Kiefer N, Koster S, Schomig E: Selective substrates for non-neuronal monoamine transporters. Mol Pharmacol. 1999 Jul;56(1):1-10. [PubMed:10385678 ]
Details
2. Solute carrier family 22 member 1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
unknown
Actions
substrateinhibitor
General Function:
Secondary active organic cation transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function:
Translocates a broad array of organic cations with various structures and molecular weights including the model compounds 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium (ASP), the endogenous compounds choline, guanidine, histamine, epinephrine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine, and the drugs quinine...
Gene Name:
SLC22A1
Uniprot ID:
O15245
Uniprot Name:
Solute carrier family 22 member 1
Molecular Weight:
61153.345 Da
References
  1. Bednarczyk D, Ekins S, Wikel JH, Wright SH: Influence of molecular structure on substrate binding to the human organic cation transporter, hOCT1. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Mar;63(3):489-98. [PubMed:12606755 ]
  2. Zhang L, Schaner ME, Giacomini KM: Functional characterization of an organic cation transporter (hOCT1) in a transiently transfected human cell line (HeLa). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Jul;286(1):354-61. [PubMed:9655880 ]
  3. Urakami Y, Okuda M, Masuda S, Akazawa M, Saito H, Inui K: Distinct characteristics of organic cation transporters, OCT1 and OCT2, in the basolateral membrane of renal tubules. Pharm Res. 2001 Nov;18(11):1528-34. [PubMed:11758759 ]
  4. Busch AE, Quester S, Ulzheimer JC, Gorboulev V, Akhoundova A, Waldegger S, Lang F, Koepsell H: Monoamine neurotransmitter transport mediated by the polyspecific cation transporter rOCT1. FEBS Lett. 1996 Oct 21;395(2-3):153-6. [PubMed:8898084 ]
  5. Breidert T, Spitzenberger F, Grundemann D, Schomig E: Catecholamine transport by the organic cation transporter type 1 (OCT1). Br J Pharmacol. 1998 Sep;125(1):218-24. [PubMed:9776363 ]
Details
3. Solute carrier family 22 member 3
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
unknown
Actions
inhibitor
General Function:
Toxin transporter activity
Specific Function:
Mediates potential-dependent transport of a variety of organic cations. May play a significant role in the disposition of cationic neurotoxins and neurotransmitters in the brain.
Gene Name:
SLC22A3
Uniprot ID:
O75751
Uniprot Name:
Solute carrier family 22 member 3
Molecular Weight:
61279.485 Da
References
  1. Wu X, Kekuda R, Huang W, Fei YJ, Leibach FH, Chen J, Conway SJ, Ganapathy V: Identity of the organic cation transporter OCT3 as the extraneuronal monoamine transporter (uptake2) and evidence for the expression of the transporter in the brain. J Biol Chem. 1998 Dec 4;273(49):32776-86. [PubMed:9830022 ]
Details
4. Solute carrier family 22 member 5
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
unknown
Actions
inhibitor
General Function:
Symporter activity
Specific Function:
Sodium-ion dependent, high affinity carnitine transporter. Involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine. Transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) without the involvement of sodium. Also relative uptake activity ratio of carnitine to TEA is 11.3.
Gene Name:
SLC22A5
Uniprot ID:
O76082
Uniprot Name:
Solute carrier family 22 member 5
Molecular Weight:
62751.08 Da
References
  1. Ohashi R, Tamai I, Nezu Ji J, Nikaido H, Hashimoto N, Oku A, Sai Y, Shimane M, Tsuji A: Molecular and physiological evidence for multifunctionality of carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN2. Mol Pharmacol. 2001 Feb;59(2):358-66. [PubMed:11160873 ]
  2. Wu X, Huang W, Prasad PD, Seth P, Rajan DP, Leibach FH, Chen J, Conway SJ, Ganapathy V: Functional characteristics and tissue distribution pattern of organic cation transporter 2 (OCTN2), an organic cation/carnitine transporter. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Sep;290(3):1482-92. [PubMed:10454528 ]
Details
5. POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Human
Pharmacological action
unknown
Actions
substrate
General Function:
Ubiquitin protein ligase binding
Specific Function:
Transcription factor that binds to the octamer motif (5'-ATTTGCAT-3'). Forms a trimeric complex with SOX2 on DNA and controls the expression of a number of genes involved in embryonic development such as YES1, FGF4, UTF1 and ZFP206. Critical for early embryogenesis and for embryonic stem cell pluripotency.
Gene Name:
POU5F1
Uniprot ID:
Q01860
Uniprot Name:
POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1
Molecular Weight:
38570.415 Da
References
  1. Zhu HJ, Appel DI, Grundemann D, Markowitz JS: Interaction of organic cation transporter 3 (SLC22A3) and amphetamine. J Neurochem. 2010 Jul;114(1):142-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06738.x. Epub 2010 Apr 6. [PubMed:20402963 ]
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on July 18, 2017 16:55