Lithium carbonate
Identification
- Name
- Lithium carbonate
- Accession Number
- DB14509 (DBSALT001075)
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Description
Lithium has been used to treat manic episodes since the 19th century3. Though it is widely used, its mechanism of action is still unknownLabel1,3,4,6. Lithium carbonate has a narrow therapeutic range and so careful monitoring is required to avoid adverse effectsLabel.
- Structure
Structure for Lithium carbonate (DB14509)
- Synonyms
- Carbonic acid, dilithium salt
- Dilithium carbonate
- Lithii carbonas
- Lithium carbonate
- Lithonate
- External IDs
- CP-15,467-61 / CP-15467-61 / CP-1546761
- Active Moieties
Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Lithium cation ionic 8H8Z5UER66 7439-93-2 HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Product Images
- Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Unlock Additional DataCarbolith Capsule Oral Bausch Health, Canada Inc. 1992-12-31 Not applicable Canada 
Carbolith Capsule Oral Bausch Health, Canada Inc. 1971-12-31 Not applicable Canada Carbolith Capsule Oral Bausch Health, Canada Inc. 1979-12-31 Not applicable Canada Duralith Tab 300mg Tablet, extended release Oral Janssen Pharmaceuticals 1985-12-31 2010-02-12 Canada Eskalith Capsule, gelatin coated 300 mg/1 Oral GlaxoSmithKline 2006-05-10 2007-06-25 US 
Eskalith Capsule, gelatin coated 300 mg/1 Oral Physicians Total Care, Inc. 1970-04-06 2007-08-15 US Eskalith CR Tablet, extended release 450 mg/1 Oral GlaxoSmithKline 2006-05-10 2007-06-25 US Eskalith CR Tablet, extended release 450 mg/1 Oral Physicians Total Care, Inc. 1982-03-29 2007-08-15 US Lithane Capsule 300 mg Oral Erfa Canada 2012 Inc 1979-12-31 Not applicable Canada Lithane Tablet 300 mg/1 Oral Miles Pharmaceuticals 2006-06-12 Not applicable US Additional Data Available- Application NumberApplication Number
A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.
Learn more - Product CodeProduct Code
A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.
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- Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Unlock Additional DataApo-lithium Carbonate Capsule Oral Apotex Corporation 2001-02-12 Not applicable Canada Apo-lithium Carbonate Capsule Oral Apotex Corporation 2001-02-12 Not applicable Canada Dom-lithium Carbonate Capsule Oral Dominion Pharmacal Not applicable Not applicable Canada Dom-lithium Carbonate Capsule Oral Dominion Pharmacal Not applicable Not applicable Canada Dom-lithium Carbonate Capsule Oral Dominion Pharmacal Not applicable Not applicable Canada Euro Lithium Capsule Oral Euro Pharm International Canada Inc 2008-02-26 2013-07-10 Canada Euro Lithium Capsule Oral Euro Pharm International Canada Inc 2008-02-26 2013-07-10 Canada Lithium Carbonate Tablet, extended release 450 mg/1 Oral Cardinal Health 2003-06-17 2018-07-20 US Lithium Carbonate Tablet, film coated, extended release 300 mg/1 Oral Remedy Repack 2016-01-19 2017-02-27 US Lithium Carbonate Capsule 150 mg/1 Oral bryant ranch prepack 2009-02-03 Not applicable US Additional Data Available- Application NumberApplication Number
A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.
Learn more - Product CodeProduct Code
A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.
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- International/Other Brands
- LithoTab
- Categories
- Acids
- Acids, Noncarboxylic
- Alkalies
- Anions
- Antidepressive Agents
- Antimanic Agents
- Carbon Compounds, Inorganic
- Carbonates
- Carbonic Acid
- Central Nervous System Agents
- Central Nervous System Depressants
- Drugs that are Mainly Renally Excreted
- Drugs that are Mainly Renally Excreted with Narrow Therapeutic Index
- Electrolytes
- Elements
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Ions
- Lithium Compounds
- Metals
- Metals, Alkali
- Metals, Light
- Mood Stabilizer
- Narrow Therapeutic Index Drugs
- Nephrotoxic agents
- Nervous System
- Neurotoxic agents
- Psycholeptics
- Psychotropic Drugs
- QTc Prolonging Agents
- Serotonergic Drugs Shown to Increase Risk of Serotonin Syndrome
- Serotonin Agents
- Serotonin Modulators
- Tranquilizing Agents
- UNII
- 2BMD2GNA4V
- CAS number
- 554-13-2
- Weight
- Average: 73.89
Monoisotopic: 74.01675074 - Chemical Formula
- CLi2O3
- InChI Key
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L
- InChI
- InChI=1S/CH2O3.2Li/c2-1(3)4;;/h(H2,2,3,4);;/q;2*+1/p-2
- IUPAC Name
- dilithium(1+) carbonate
- SMILES
- [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O
Pharmacology
- Indication
Lithium is used as a mood stabilizer, and is indicated for the treatment of manic episodes and maintenance of bipolar disorderLabel.
- Associated Conditions
- Pharmacodynamics
Lithium's mechanism of action is still unknownLabel. Lithium's therapeutic action may be due to a number of effects, ranging from inhibition of enzymes such as glycogen synthase kinase 3, inositol phosphatases, or modulation of glutamate receptors3,4.
- Mechanism of action
Lithium's mechanism of action is still unknownLabel. However, the “inositol depletion theory” suggests 3 main potential targets3. These targets are inositol monophosphatase, inositol polyphosphatase, and glycogen synthase kinase 3(GSK-3)3,6.
The “Inositol depletion theory” suggests lithium behaves as an uncompetitive inhibitor of inositol monophosphatase in a manner inversely proportional to the degree of stimulus3. This inhibition lowers levels of inositol triphosphate6. However, stronger inhibitors of inositol monophosphatase are not as clinically effective and low levels of inositol triphosphate are associated with memory impairment3,6.
Lithium acts on inositol polyphosphatase as an uncompetitive inhibitor3. This inhibition is thought to have multiple downstream effects that have yet to be clarified3.
Lithium regulates phosphorylation of GSK-3 which regulates other enzymes through phosphorylation3. Lithium can also inhibit GSK-3 through interfering with the magnesium ion in the active site3.
Target Actions Organism UInositol monophosphatase 2 Not Available Humans UInositol monophosphatase 1 Not Available Humans UGlycogen synthase kinase-3 beta Not Available Humans UGlutamate receptor 3 Not Available Humans - Absorption
Lithium absorption is rapid and oral bioavailability is close to 100%2.
- Volume of distribution
- Protein binding
- Metabolism
Lithium carbonate is not metabolized before excretionLabel.
- Route of elimination
Lithium is primarily eliminated through the kidneys and elimination in the feces is insignificantLabel.
- Half life
The half life of lithium carbonate is 18 to 36 hoursLabel. Other sources say it may be 7 to 20 hours7.
- Clearance
Clearance is generally between 10 and 40mL/min but may be as low as 15mL/min in elderly patients and those with renal impairment2.
- Toxicity
In rats, the oral LD50 is 525mg/kg and the inhalation LC50 is >2.17mg/L over 4 hoursMSDS.
There is insufficient data regarding the carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or fertility impairment of lithium carbonateLabel. However, studies in rats and mice have shown repeated daily dosing of lithium carbonate result in adverse effects on male reproductive organs, spermatogenesis, and testosterone levelsLabel.
There is conflicting evidence regarding the incidence of cardiovascular abnormalities in first trimester administration of lithiumLabel. Animal studies have shown adverse effects on the fetus and fertility overallLabel. The risk and benefit of lithium use in pregnancy must be weighed and should lithium treatment continue in pregnancy, serum lithium concentrations should be regularly monitored, dosages should be adjusted, and lithium should be decreased or stopped 2 or 3 days before delivery to avoid maternal and/or neonatal toxicityLabel.
Breastfeeding is not recommended with maternal lithium use but if it is continued, the infant should be monitored for thyroid function and symptoms of lithium toxicity such as hypertonia, hypothermia, cyanosis, and ECG changesLabel.
Safety in effectiveness in patients under 12 years has not been established, however dosing for patients 12 years and older is similar to that of adult patientsLabel.
Safety in geriatric patients has not been established, however caution is advised when using lithium as this population is more likely to have impaired renal functionLabel.
Patients with creatinine clearance between 30mL/min and 89mL/min should be started at a lower dose and slowly titrated to the correct dose while monitoring serum lithium levelsLabel. Patients with a creatinine clearance less than 30mL/min should not take lithium, especially in the case of a low sodium dietLabel.
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Comprehensive structured data on known drug adverse effects with statistical prevalence. MedDRA and ICD10 ids are provided for adverse effect conditions and symptoms.
Learn moreStructured data covering drug contraindications. Each contraindication describes a scenario in which the drug is not to be used. Includes restrictions on co-administration, contraindicated populations, and more.
Learn moreStructured data representing warnings from the black box section of drug labels. These warnings cover important and dangerous risks, contraindications, or adverse effects.
Learn moreInteractions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Unlock Additional Data(R)-warfarin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Lithium carbonate is combined with (R)-warfarin. (S)-Warfarin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Lithium carbonate is combined with (S)-Warfarin. 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine The therapeutic efficacy of 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine can be decreased when used in combination with Lithium carbonate. 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthioamphetamine The therapeutic efficacy of 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthioamphetamine can be decreased when used in combination with Lithium carbonate. 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-7H-xanthine The serum concentration of Lithium carbonate can be decreased when it is combined with 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-7H-xanthine. 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine The therapeutic efficacy of 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine can be decreased when used in combination with Lithium carbonate. 4-hydroxycoumarin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Lithium carbonate is combined with 4-hydroxycoumarin. 4-Methoxyamphetamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when 4-Methoxyamphetamine is combined with Lithium carbonate. 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine is combined with Lithium carbonate. 6-O-benzylguanine The serum concentration of Lithium carbonate can be decreased when it is combined with 6-O-benzylguanine. Additional Data Available- Extended DescriptionExtended Description
Extended description of the mechanism of action and particular properties of each drug interaction.
Learn more - Severity
- Evidence Level
- ActionAction
An effect category for each drug interaction. Know how this interaction affects the subject drug.
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- Food Interactions
- Not Available
References
- General References
- Quiroz JA, Machado-Vieira R, Zarate CA Jr, Manji HK: Novel insights into lithium's mechanism of action: neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects. Neuropsychobiology. 2010;62(1):50-60. doi: 10.1159/000314310. Epub 2010 May 7. [PubMed:20453535]
- Hedya SA, Swoboda HD: Lithium Toxicity . [PubMed:29763168]
- Serretti A, Drago A, De Ronchi D: Lithium pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenetics: focus on inositol mono phosphatase (IMPase), inositol poliphosphatase (IPPase) and glycogen sinthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3 beta). Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(15):1917-48. [PubMed:19442155]
- Chalecka-Franaszek E, Chuang DM: Lithium activates the serine/threonine kinase Akt-1 and suppresses glutamate-induced inhibition of Akt-1 activity in neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Jul 20;96(15):8745-50. [PubMed:10411946]
- ILO: Lithium [Link]
- Bipolar Disorders and Lithium: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Therapeutic Effects and Indications of Lithium: Review of Articles [Link]
- New Zealand Drug Data Sheet: Lithium Carbonate [Link]
- External Links
- KEGG Compound
- C07964
- ChemSpider
- 10654
- ChEBI
- 6504
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1200826
- Wikipedia
- Lithium_carbonate
- ATC Codes
- N05AN01 — Lithium
- AHFS Codes
- 28:28.00 — Antimanic Agents
- FDA label
- Download (487 KB)
- MSDS
- Download (51 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage forms
Form Route Strength Capsule Oral Capsule, gelatin coated Oral 300 mg/1 Tablet, extended release Oral 450 mg/1 Capsule Oral 150 mg Capsule Oral 300 mg Tablet Oral 300 mg/1 Solution Oral 8 meq/5mL Capsule Oral 150 mg/1 Capsule Oral 300 mg/1 Capsule Oral 600 mg/1 Capsule, gelatin coated Oral 150 mg/1 Capsule, gelatin coated Oral 600 mg/1 Tablet, extended release Oral 300 mg/1 Tablet, film coated, extended release Oral 300 mg/1 Tablet Oral 450 mg/1 Tablet, extended release Oral - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Not Available
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 180.5 http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0710 boiling point (°C) 1336 http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0710 water solubility 100mM http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10654.html - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 644.0 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -0.28 ALOGPS logP 0.25 ChemAxon logS 0.94 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 6.05 ChemAxon Physiological Charge -1 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 3 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 63.19 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 0 ChemAxon Refractivity 31.17 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 3.52 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 0 ChemAxon Bioavailability 1 ChemAxon Rule of Five Yes ChemAxon Ghose Filter No ChemAxon Veber's Rule No ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Not Available
Taxonomy
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organic carbonic acids. These are compounds comprising the carbonic acid functional group.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic acids and derivatives
- Class
- Organic carbonic acids and derivatives
- Sub Class
- Organic carbonic acids
- Direct Parent
- Organic carbonic acids
- Alternative Parents
- Carbonate salts / Organic lithium salts / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Carbonyl compounds
- Substituents
- Carbonate salt / Carbonic acid / Organic lithium salt / Organic alkali metal salt / Organic oxygen compound / Organic oxide / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organic salt / Organooxygen compound / Carbonyl group
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic acyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- lithium salt, carbonate salt (CHEBI:6504)
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- Can use myo-inositol monophosphates, scylloinositol 1,4-diphosphate, glucose-1-phosphate, beta-glycerophosphate, and 2'-AMP as substrates. Has been implicated as the pharmacological target for lith...
- Gene Name
- IMPA2
- Uniprot ID
- O14732
- Uniprot Name
- Inositol monophosphatase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 31320.525 Da
References
- Cryns K, Shamir A, Shapiro J, Daneels G, Goris I, Van Craenendonck H, Straetemans R, Belmaker RH, Agam G, Moechars D, Steckler T: Lack of lithium-like behavioral and molecular effects in IMPA2 knockout mice. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007 Apr;32(4):881-91. Epub 2006 Jul 12. [PubMed:16841073]
- Ohnishi T, Ohba H, Seo KC, Im J, Sato Y, Iwayama Y, Furuichi T, Chung SK, Yoshikawa T: Spatial expression patterns and biochemical properties distinguish a second myo-inositol monophosphatase IMPA2 from IMPA1. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jan 5;282(1):637-46. Epub 2006 Oct 26. [PubMed:17068342]
- Ohnishi T, Yamada K, Ohba H, Iwayama Y, Toyota T, Hattori E, Inada T, Kunugi H, Tatsumi M, Ozaki N, Iwata N, Sakamoto K, Iijima Y, Iwata Y, Tsuchiya KJ, Sugihara G, Nanko S, Osumi N, Detera-Wadleigh SD, Kato T, Yoshikawa T: A promoter haplotype of the inositol monophosphatase 2 gene (IMPA2) at 18p11.2 confers a possible risk for bipolar disorder by enhancing transcription. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007 Aug;32(8):1727-37. Epub 2007 Jan 24. [PubMed:17251911]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the provision of inositol required for synthesis of phosphatidylinositol and polyphosphoinositides and has been implicated as the pharmacological target for lithium action in brain....
- Gene Name
- IMPA1
- Uniprot ID
- P29218
- Uniprot Name
- Inositol monophosphatase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 30188.59 Da
References
- Sarkar S, Rubinsztein DC: Inositol and IP3 levels regulate autophagy: biology and therapeutic speculations. Autophagy. 2006 Apr-Jun;2(2):132-4. Epub 2006 Apr 6. [PubMed:16874097]
- Trinquet E, Fink M, Bazin H, Grillet F, Maurin F, Bourrier E, Ansanay H, Leroy C, Michaud A, Durroux T, Maurel D, Malhaire F, Goudet C, Pin JP, Naval M, Hernout O, Chretien F, Chapleur Y, Mathis G: D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate as a surrogate of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-tris phosphate to monitor G protein-coupled receptor activation. Anal Biochem. 2006 Nov 1;358(1):126-35. Epub 2006 Aug 30. [PubMed:16965760]
- Ohnishi T, Ohba H, Seo KC, Im J, Sato Y, Iwayama Y, Furuichi T, Chung SK, Yoshikawa T: Spatial expression patterns and biochemical properties distinguish a second myo-inositol monophosphatase IMPA2 from IMPA1. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jan 5;282(1):637-46. Epub 2006 Oct 26. [PubMed:17068342]
- Tanizawa Y, Kuhara A, Inada H, Kodama E, Mizuno T, Mori I: Inositol monophosphatase regulates localization of synaptic components and behavior in the mature nervous system of C. elegans. Genes Dev. 2006 Dec 1;20(23):3296-310. [PubMed:17158747]
- Ohnishi T, Yamada K, Ohba H, Iwayama Y, Toyota T, Hattori E, Inada T, Kunugi H, Tatsumi M, Ozaki N, Iwata N, Sakamoto K, Iijima Y, Iwata Y, Tsuchiya KJ, Sugihara G, Nanko S, Osumi N, Detera-Wadleigh SD, Kato T, Yoshikawa T: A promoter haplotype of the inositol monophosphatase 2 gene (IMPA2) at 18p11.2 confers a possible risk for bipolar disorder by enhancing transcription. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007 Aug;32(8):1727-37. Epub 2007 Jan 24. [PubMed:17251911]
- Li Z, Stieglitz KA, Shrout AL, Wei Y, Weis RM, Stec B, Roberts MF: Mobile loop mutations in an archaeal inositol monophosphatase: modulating three-metal ion assisted catalysis and lithium inhibition. Protein Sci. 2010 Feb;19(2):309-18. doi: 10.1002/pro.315. [PubMed:20027624]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Ubiquitin protein ligase binding
- Specific Function
- Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by pho...
- Gene Name
- GSK3B
- Uniprot ID
- P49841
- Uniprot Name
- Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta
- Molecular Weight
- 46743.865 Da
References
- Borsotto M, Cavarec L, Bouillot M, Romey G, Macciardi F, Delaye A, Nasroune M, Bastucci M, Sambucy JL, Luan JJ, Charpagne A, Jouet V, Leger R, Lazdunski M, Cohen D, Chumakov I: PP2A-Bgamma subunit and KCNQ2 K+ channels in bipolar disorder. Pharmacogenomics J. 2007 Apr;7(2):123-32. Epub 2006 May 30. [PubMed:16733521]
- Adli M, Hollinde DL, Stamm T, Wiethoff K, Tsahuridu M, Kirchheiner J, Heinz A, Bauer M: Response to lithium augmentation in depression is associated with the glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta -50T/C single nucleotide polymorphism. Biol Psychiatry. 2007 Dec 1;62(11):1295-302. Epub 2007 Jul 12. [PubMed:17628506]
- O'Brien WT, Klein PS: Validating GSK3 as an in vivo target of lithium action. Biochem Soc Trans. 2009 Oct;37(Pt 5):1133-8. doi: 10.1042/BST0371133. [PubMed:19754466]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Extracellular-glutamate-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function
- Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory ne...
- Gene Name
- GRIA3
- Uniprot ID
- P42263
- Uniprot Name
- Glutamate receptor 3
- Molecular Weight
- 101155.975 Da
References
- Karkanias NB, Papke RL: Lithium modulates desensitization of the glutamate receptor subtype gluR3 in Xenopus oocytes. Neurosci Lett. 1999 Dec 31;277(3):153-6. [PubMed:10626836]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Ww domain binding
- Specific Function
- Sodium permeable non-voltage-sensitive ion channel inhibited by the diuretic amiloride. Mediates the electrodiffusion of the luminal sodium (and water, which follows osmotically) through the apical...
- Gene Name
- SCNN1A
- Uniprot ID
- P37088
- Uniprot Name
- Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit alpha
- Molecular Weight
- 75703.08 Da
References
- Christensen BM, Zuber AM, Loffing J, Stehle JC, Deen PM, Rossier BC, Hummler E: alphaENaC-mediated lithium absorption promotes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Feb;22(2):253-61. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2010070734. Epub 2010 Nov 4. [PubMed:21051735]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Ww domain binding
- Specific Function
- Sodium permeable non-voltage-sensitive ion channel inhibited by the diuretic amiloride. Mediates the electrodiffusion of the luminal sodium (and water, which follows osmotically) through the apical...
- Gene Name
- SCNN1B
- Uniprot ID
- P51168
- Uniprot Name
- Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit beta
- Molecular Weight
- 72658.485 Da
References
- Christensen BM, Zuber AM, Loffing J, Stehle JC, Deen PM, Rossier BC, Hummler E: alphaENaC-mediated lithium absorption promotes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Feb;22(2):253-61. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2010070734. Epub 2010 Nov 4. [PubMed:21051735]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Ww domain binding
- Specific Function
- Sodium permeable non-voltage-sensitive ion channel inhibited by the diuretic amiloride. Mediates the electrodiffusion of the luminal sodium (and water, which follows osmotically) through the apical...
- Gene Name
- SCNN1G
- Uniprot ID
- P51170
- Uniprot Name
- Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit gamma
- Molecular Weight
- 74269.62 Da
References
- Christensen BM, Zuber AM, Loffing J, Stehle JC, Deen PM, Rossier BC, Hummler E: alphaENaC-mediated lithium absorption promotes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Feb;22(2):253-61. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2010070734. Epub 2010 Nov 4. [PubMed:21051735]
Drug created on July 11, 2018 16:07 / Updated on November 21, 2019 16:30